7/21/14 Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production: Combine Effluent Treatment with Energy Generation in UASB Reactor as Biorefinery

Annex
www.hindawi.com/journals/ijce/2014/543529/ 1/6
InternationalJournalofChemicalEngineering
Volume2014(2014),ArticleID543529,8pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/543529
ReviewArticle
AnaerobicDigestionandBiogasProduction:CombineEffluentTreatmentwithEnergy
GenerationinUASBReactorasBiorefineryAnnex
MauroBerni,
1
IvoDorileo,
2
GrazielleNathia,
3
TniaForster-Carneiro,
3
DanielLachos,
3
andBrenoG.M.Santos
3
1
InterdisciplinaryCentreofEnergyPlanning,StateUniversityofCampinas(UNICAMP),P.O.Box6166,13.083-896
Campinas,Brazil
2
DepartmentofElectricEngineering,FederalUniversityofMatoGrosso(UFMT),AvenidaFernandoCorradaCosta2.367,BoaEsperana,
78060-900Cuiab,MT,Brazil
3
DepartmentofFoodEngineering,SchoolofFoodEngineering,UniversityofCampinas(UNICAMP),RuaMonteiroLobato,No.80,13083-862
Campinas,SP,Brazil
Received28March2014;Revised26May2014;Accepted26May2014;Published25June2014
AcademicEditor:DiegoT.Santos
Copyright2014 MauroBernietal. Thisisanopen accessarticledistributedunder theCreativeCommons AttributionLicense, whichpermits
unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Abstract
The issue ofresidues and industrial effluentsrepresents an unprecedented environmental challengein terms of recovery,storage, and treatment.
This work discusses the perspectives of treating effluents through anaerobic digestion as well as reporting the experience of using an upflow
anaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reactorasbiorefineryannexinapulpandpaperindustrialplanttobeburnedintheboilers.Theperformanceof
the reactorshas shownto bestable underconsiderable variationsin load andshowed asignificant potentialin termsof biogasproduction. The
reactorsUASBtreated3600.00m
3
ofeffluentdailyfromaproductionof150.00tons.Thebiogasgenerationwas234.000kg/year/mill,equivalentin
combustible oil. The results of methane gas generated by the anaerobic system UASB (8846.00kcal/m
3
) dislocate the equivalent of 650.0kg of
combustible oil (10000.00kcal/kg) per day (or 234.000kg/year). The production of 8846.00Kcal/m
3
of energy from biogas can make a run at
industrialplantfor2hours.ThissubstitutioncansaveUS$128.700annually(orUS$550.0offueloil/tons).Thecompaniesareinvestedintheuse
ofthebiogasindieselstationarymotorscyclethatfeedtheboilerswithwaterincaseofstorageelectricity.
1.Introduction
Currently,thereisgreat pressurefromenvironmentalandsocialpolicies toreducetheenvironmentalimpactsof industrialactivitiesespeciallyin
the reuse wastewater process [1]. According to the Brazilian Association of Pulp and Paper, Brazil stands out worldwide for producing and
supplying different market segments in the last decade; the country increased its production by 27.0%. The socioeconomic development and
increasingincomescontributedtoleveragepaperindustries.In2010,thesectorhaspositioneditselfasthetenthlargestproducerofpaperand,in
2012,produced10.3milliontonsofproducts[2].Thepaperindustryisasignificantsourceofwastewatergeneration,gas,andsolidsresidual.This
isduetothe increasingproductionofpaperandthe searchforbestqualityproductsthat leadtheindustryofpaperto generatelargeamountsof
waste,whichmakeitbothanenvironmentalandaneconomicproblemofsociety.Giventhissituation,reuseofthiswastehasbeenstudiedinan
attempttominimizetheimpactcausedbythesame[3].Wastepaperandpulparecomposedofprimaryandsecondarysludge.Theprimarysludge
is composed of waste wood fibers with high carbon content and low nutrient levels. The secondary usually has gone through microbiological
treatment, facilitating its decomposition [4]. Biorefineries can be employed for the production of fuels, chemicals, and energy from different
biomassfeedstocks. Theiruse cancontribute significantlytosustainable efficiencyand efficientuseof biomassresources, producinga varietyof
products. The biorefinery employs biomass conversion technologies, including fermentation, gasification, and anaerobic digestion [5]. Experts
believe that biorefinerieswill constitute a keyindustry of the XXI century,responsible even for anew industrial revolution, witheffects on the
industrialparadigmforintegratedproduction.Thesetechnologiesarebasedontheuseoftheentirecomplexbiomass[6].Thetraditionalmethods
are constantly investigated particularly in the development of biogas produced from biomass and are also currently available [5]. One of such
biorefinerytechnologiesistheanaerobicdigestionofwastewater,whichisstartingtobewidelyusedduetoitseasyimplementationandpossibility
tominimizetheuseofwaterwithwastewaterrecoverytogetherwiththeproductionofenergyandgreateconomicadvantage[7].
1.1.BiologicalTreatment
Theprincipleofbiologicalwastewatertreatmentbasedontheactivityofbacteriaandmicroorganismslivingintheirownwasteorganicmattercan
occurinthepresenceofoxygen,aerobicprocess,andintheabsenceofoxygen,anaerobicprocess[8].Mostcommonlyusedsystemsofbiological
wastewatertreatmentinthepaperindustryarebiologicalfilters,activatedsludge,stabilizationponds,andanaerobicreactors.Atricklingfilterora
biofilterconsists ofabasin filledwithsupport media,suchas rocks,forms madeofplastic orwood.The wastewaterisapplied intermittentlyor
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sometimes continuously over the media [9]. In the activated sludge process, the growth reactor is an aeration tank or a bowl containing a
suspension of wastewater and microorganisms. Thehydraulic retention time in the aeration tanks typically ranges from3 to 8 hours. After the
aeration step, the microorganismsare separated from the liquid by decantationand the secondary fluid is clarified. Aportion of the biological
sludgeisrecycledtotheaerationtankandthenthesludgeisremovedandsenttomaintainarelativelyconstantconcentrationofmicroorganismsin
the system [9]. In the anaerobic process of stabilization ponds, the decomposition of organic matter of the effluent is performed by feeding
anaerobic microorganisms, and four successive biological processes are involved including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and
methanogenesis [10, 11]. A concentration of methanogenic bacteria will increase rapidly as they are produced by the volatile acids. When the
systemisinbalance,themethanogenicbacteriawillusetheacidintermediatesasrapidlyastheyappear[12].Inpulpandpapermillplant,thebest
approachistominimizethewastegenerationfrommill,eventhoughthetreatmentapplicationsarestillnecessary,toprovidethedischargelimits
[13, 14]. Figure 1 shows the general flowchart of a typical wastewater treatment plant. The increasing use of anaerobic digestion is due to the
numerousvantagesoftheprocessaslowneedforpoweroperation,lowinvestmentcost,lowsludgeproduction,andthepossibilityofproducing
biogas,a cleanandrenewablesource ofenergy[15,16].Additionally, astablereactor withhighproduce ofhydrogen canobtain1.62.1 LH
2
/d
[17].
Figure1:Flowschemeofgeneralwastewatertreatmentofpulpandpaperplant.Adaptedfrom[3].
1.2.AnaerobicDigestionTechnology
TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture/NaturalResourcesConservationService(USDA/NRCS)inconjunctionwiththeUSEnvironmental
ProtectionAgency(EPA)developedconservationpracticestandardsformethanerecoveryfromanaerobicdigesters,whichrecognizethreedigester
technologies: unheated covered pond, plug-flow, and agitated tank [18]. A pond digester is the simplest and lowest cost method to capture
methane.Theplug-flowsreactorsarelong,lineartroughsusuallysitedaboveground.Finally,agitatedtankconsistsofalargetankaboveorbelow
ground steelor concretereactor. Inthese reactors,the wasteis mechanically mixedto providegood contactbetween microorganismsand allow
volatilesolidsleadingtoefficient biogasproduction.Theanaerobiccontactreactorupflowanaerobic sludgeblanket(UASB)reactor,anaerobic
filter, and fluidized bed reactor are mostly employed for effluent of the pulp and paper mills [19]. Other types of anaerobic digesters, such as
attachedmediafiltersandsludgeblankets,mayservetoprovidetechnicalandeconomicbenefitinfutureinstallations.
The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) systems are the least expensive solid waste digesters for simplest designs. It is superior and more
economical than other competing technologies because it is grown in a similar anaerobic environment [20]. The system has high potential for
applicationindevelopingcountries[21].Thistechnologyisaderivationoftheanaerobicpondwithreductionofthevolumeofthereactor,where
the concentration of the biomass is increased by the separation and recirculation of the effluent solids. The biomass does not have a physical
support,andan agitatorenablesthecontactamong microorganismsandtheeffluentavoiding thesedimentationofsolidsinside thereactor.The
larger the number of CSTR stages is, the closer the performance approaches that of a tubular plug-flow reactor. Continuous-flow stirred tank
reactorsinseriesaresimplerandeasiertodesignforisothermaloperationthanaretubularreactors.Reactionswithnarrowoperatingtemperature
rangesorthoserequiringclosecontrolofreactantconcentrationsforoptimumselectivitybenefitfromseriesarrangements[19].
The anaerobic filter (AF)implanted in the paper and cellulose industry wasbuilt in 1987 in Belgium, which consistedof a production process
integrated with pulp operation. This technology consists of a filter blanket that supports the biomass separated from the effluent. The filters
operated with ascending or descending flow. The ascending flow produces high concentration of suspended biomass forming a biofilm in the
structure of the fixed bed. The descending flow is applied ineffluent with high concentration of inorganic sulphur proportionally between the
amountofbiologicaloxygendemand(BOD)andlowinorganiccompound[22].
Theanaerobicreactorsoffluidbeddonotpresentsupportforthebiomass.Theascendingflowofeffluenthasthefunctionofkeepingthebiomass
insuspensionandassuresaperfectcontactamongmicroorganismsandtheorganicmaterial.Inthecontextofthetechnologiesofeffluenttreatment
byanaerobicprocess,theanaerobicpondshavesmallefficiencyandarerarelyusedintheindustrialscope.Thistechnologywasthepioneeramong
greatanaerobicprocessesandcouldbeobtainedwithacellorwithseveralcellsinseriesorinparallel.
Theupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reactorhasbeenthemostoneusedespeciallyinthosecaseswhoseobjectiveistheeliminationorthe
conversionoftheorganicmatterintomethaneandtherecoveryofwateraftertreatmentintheindustrialprocess.Moreover,theanaerobicprocess
inconventionalreactorsisslow,comparativelytothereactorUASB,asforthetimeofhydraulicsretentionofthebiomassoftheeffluentinsidethe
reactorduetotheexternalorinternalrecirculationofthemicroorganisms[23].ThedevelopmentofthereactorUASBoccurredinthebeginningof
the70s whenthe firstreactorin laboratoryscale wasbuiltand operatedatthe Universityof AgricultureofWageningen inHolland. Thereactor
UASBownselevatedefficiencyanditisthemoststudiedandusedinindustrialplants,especiallyinthepaperandcelluloseindustriesatworldlevel
[23,24].TheUASBandAnubix-BTMreactorscanreach7.5minheightandtheirloadingratecanbeupto15kgCOD/m
3
/d.Therawsewagewas
fed tothe reactor through aninternal influent distributionsystem and rises fromthe bottom to thetop part ofthe reactor at presetspeed. The
wastewaterandflocculatedsludgemixturepassesthroughaninternal3-phaseseparatordeviceatthetopofthereactor.The3-phaseseparatorhasa
specialseparatingsectionwhichpreventsthelossofeventhesmallestflakes(granule)ofmethanogenicsludge.Speciallydesignedhydraulicsystem
makes theanaerobic sludgeslide downso thatno partof thereactor becomesa deadarea, despitethe slowflow rate.This allowsfor thehigher
amountofbiomassandmakesthereactormoreresistanttovaryingloadcompositions.Anaerobicsludgedoesnotfloatand thereisnoriskofit
escapingfromthereactor.Theeffluentleavesthereactorthroughthecollectingpipeandthebiogasissentforfurtheruseortotheflare.
2.MaterialandMethods
2.1.ExperimentalEquipmentandOperatingCondition
Theindustryofcorrugatedpaperimplantedananaerobicreactorwithsecondarytreatmentanduseswastepaperastheonlysourceofeffluent.The
processing ofthis rawmaterial forthe productionof corrugatedpaper hasthe objectiveto reachthe paperproduction forpacking purposeand
generatesgreat quantityofliquideffluent. Thechoiceofthis technologyoccurredmostly duetothefast implantationofthewhole system,costs
involvedfor theimplantation,andthe interfacewithpartof theexistingsystem. Additionally,thefinaleffluent wouldbeunderstandards inthe
receiverbodyaccordingtothecurrentlegislation.
Theconfigurationofupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reactorattachesthepapermilltoaproductivearrangementthatcanbeconsidered
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with a biorefineryannex. Cellulosic fibers and treatedwater from the biorefinery return tomanufacturing process, while the biogasis burnt in
boilers forthermal powergeneration. Thereactor UASBwas incorporatedto theexisting treatmentsystem ofeffluent. Theconfiguration ofthe
new system was the primary treatment and the secondary treatment. The primary treatment contained stage of the operation of sieve, tank of
equalization,andthefloaters.ThesecondarytreatmentwasrepresentedbyreactorUASBmoretertiarytreatment(aerobicpond).
Figure2showstheschemeofindustrialpaperplantinSoPaulo,Brazil.ThevolumeofeffluentthatcomestothereactorUASBis3600.0m
3
/day,
withatimeofhydraulicsretentionof16hours;therefore,thetotalvolumeoftreatmentis2400.0m
3
/day.Alltheeffluentsoftheindustrialprocess
aremixedinsidethefactory.Therearetwounitsofreactorswithavolume( )of1200m
3
/dayforeachone.Eachreactorhas6.00metersofdepth
and10.00metersofwidthfor20.00metersinlength.
Figure2:Theschemeofpaperandpulpplant(SoPaulo,Brazil).
Theeffluentispumpedintoanelevatedtankandthenduetogravityreachesavacuumsieve(SideHill-SD),fromwheretheretainedsolidreturns
to the postpulp process. Part of the liquid resultant from the sieving operation of solid is pumped for the mass preparation that will be used
especially forpulp productionwhile the remainingone issent to thetank ofequalization constituting,therefore, into theeffluent tobe treated.
Fromthetankofequalization,theeffluentispressedintoamixturetankafterreceivingpolymerswiththeadditionofair.Afterthetankofmixture,
theeffluentissenttotwotanksoffloatingoperationworkinginparallel.Theuseofpolymershelpscelluloseflakesformation,whiletheairallows
the hydraulics elevation of these flakes in the floaters, which are separated with raspers. The recovered mass in the floaters goes to the pulp
productionwhiletheremainingliquideffluentgoestothereactorUASB.FromthereactorUASB,thebiogasisobtainedandthetreatedeffluent
canfollowtwoways.Thefirstoneisthereturnofthetreatedeffluenttotheindustrialprocess,mostlyfortheuseinshowersofthehumidmachine.
The second way, where there is a treated effluent surplus, is its canalization to the aerobic pond and finally, after hydraulics retention for
oxygenation,returnstothenature,tothereceiverbody.Theeffluenthasanenvironmentallyappropriatedisposalaccordingtovalidlegislationin
SoPauloStateconcerningindustrialeffluents.
2.2.SubstrateandFeeding
Themainstageinthewastewatertreatmentofpulpandpaperprocessisprimaryandsecondarytreatment.However,tertiarytreatmentcanbean
obligationinthefutureduetopossiblenewlegislations.Sucheffluentshould betreatedaccordingtotheStateSoPauloLegislation(Brazil)[18,
19].Theanaerobictreatmentprocessesaremoresuitablefortreatmentofhighstrengthwastewatersuchaspulpandpapermills.Thereareavariety
ofstudiesontheanaerobictreatabilityandmicrobialcommunityofdifferenteffluents.Inaddition,anaerobicmicroorganismsaremoreefficient
thanaerobicsinordertodegradeorganiccompounds.However,thesulphurcontentinthewastewatersisthemaindisadvantageforapplicationof
anaerobicsystems,becauseoneoftheproductsishydrogensulphideintheanaerobicbiodegradationinthepresenceofsulphate[13].
During start-upphase ofUASB project, aninitial flowof theeffluent in thereactor wasdefined in10% of theproject flowgradually increasing
whenever removal of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaches 85%. The flow increase for sequences had sometimes interrupted for
maintenanceofthedeflectorsofthegasseparators,liquid,andsolid.Whenaunitofthereactorhadtostoptoperformmaintenance,theotherone
justreceived halfof theflowto assurethe continuityofthe anaerobicprocess.The followinganalyses wereperformedin theeffluents (inletand
outlet) tocontroltheprocessandofthereactor:pH,chemicaloxygendemand(COD),andbiologicaloxygendemand(BOD).
3.ResultsandDiscussion
Thepulp andpaperindustriestoday representasector ofgreateconomicand environmentalimportance,mainly becauseoftheirimpacts inthe
water bodies. By using large volumes of water, they also generate large quantities of wastewater containing strong coloring and often-toxic
substancesand thetoxicitytestingin acuteandchroniclevels isessentialto assessenvironmentalrisksfrom thesolublefractionsof thesewastes.
The colorcan be highlyinterfering in thenatural photosynthetic processesin riverbeds, causingchanges in aquaticbiota mainly inthe vicinity
surrounding thedischarge [25,26]. Thestage of the pulpbleaches the effluent generatedwith higher pollutionpotential. It is estimatedthat, in
pulping and bleaching of cellulose, over 62.0 million cubic meters of wastewater is released daily, which corresponds to the domestic water
consumptionofapproximately200millionpeople.Therefore,theindustryhasmobilizedtoseizethewastegeneratedintheirproductionprocesses
[27,28].
Thebiomethanization processof thebiomassis achievedby aseriesof biochemicaltransformations, whichcan beseparatedinto afirst step,in
whichhydrolysisandacidificationcouldfavortheliquefactionprocess,andasecondstepinwhichtheacetate,hydrogen,andcarbondioxideare
converted into methane [2, 29]. In the anaerobic digestion, the present organic matter in the effluent is transformed by the action of the
microorganisms in about 78% in biogas that consists of a mixture of methane (CH
4
) and carbon dioxide (CO
2
), 20% of organic material that
continues in dissolution, and between 1 and 2% of new microorganisms [3, 30]. Biogas production via anaerobic digestion is influenced by
environmental conditions, pH, temperature, and inhibitory parameters such as high organic loading, formation of volatile fatty acids, and
inadequatealkalinity[7,31].In thecorrugatedpaper andpulpplant, theprecipitationprocess canachievethe sulphatesreductionand theheavy
metalselimination.
Asspecifiedearlier,duringstart-upphaseofUASBprojectofpulpandpaperindustry(SP,Brazil)aninitialflowoftheeffluentinthereactorwas
definedin10%oftheprojectflowgraduallyincreasingwhenevertheremovalofthechemicaloxygendemand(COD)reaches85%.Theincreased
flowwassuccessive,untilitreached100%ofprecipitateeffluent.Theflowincreaseforsequenceshadsometimesinterruptedformaintenanceofthe
deflectorsofthegasseparators,liquid,andsolid.TheeffluentsofprimaryreservoirandUASBreactorwereanalyzed:pH,chemicaloxygendemand
(COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The results of physical-chemical analyses of the inlet effluents initial treatment, in reach of the
floaters, indicatethe value of1500.00mg/L of COD.The pH ofthe treated effluentwas between 7.2and 7.8 andthe sediment solidwas 100.00
mg/L.Theanalysisofbiologicaloxygendemand(BOD)ofeffluententeringandleavingthepaperandpulpindustryinSoPaulo(Brazil)isshown
inTable1.
Table 1: Average values ofbiological oxygen demand (BOD)for each month in thepaper and pulp industryin So Paulo,
Brazil.
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WeobserveinTable1thatthereisnodifferenceinefficiencyoftreatmentaccordingtothepapertype.Additionally,wecansaythatthesecondary
treatment (UASB) after primarytreatment is able to reduce, significantly, theorganic load of the effluent input monthregardless of paper type
month.Consequently,thereductionoftheorganicloadwillcontributetothecontinuousproductionofbiogasintheprocess.
Considering atime ofhydraulics retention of16 hours andthe volumeof effluent thatcomes to thereactor UASBof 3600.00m
3
/day, the total
volumeoftreatmentwas2400.00m
3
/day.Forthetreatmentofthisvolume,twounitsofreactorswithavolume( )of1200.00m
3
/dayforeachone
wereabletohandleaninleteffluentwithvalueof1500.00mg/LofCOD.Consideringthemeasureefficiencyof20%inthefloaters,theCODofthe
affluentofthereactorUASBwas1200.00mg/L.Undersuchconditions,theorganicload(OL)foreachreactorwascalculatedasfollows:
Theresultwas 1440.00kgCOD/dayforeachreactor.Additionally, theresultsofthevalueof methanegas(CH
4
)were300.00m
3
/kgCOD/day for
eachkilogramofremovedorganicload,innormalconditionsoftemperatureandpressure.Accordingtotheeffluentefficiencyof85%ofremoval
ofCOD,thegenerated(CH
4
)volumewascalculated( )inthetwounitsoftheanaerobicsystem:
The result was 734.40 m
3
CH
4
/day of volume; if methane concentration could be varied between 55 and 80% in biogas, the results of the
productionofbiogaswere1101.00m
3
/day.Inthecorrugatedpaperproductionplantinfocus,themethanegasgeneratedbytheanaerobicsystem
UASB(8846Kcal/m
3
) dislocatedthe equivalent of650.00kg ofcombustible oil (10000Kcal/kg)per day (or234.000kg/year). Theproduction of
8846.00Kcal/m
3
ofenergy frombiogas canmake arun atindustrial plantfor 2hours. Thissubstitution cansave US$128.700 annually(or US$
550.00offueloil/tons).Thecompaniesareinvestedintheuseofthebiogasindieselstationarymotorscyclethatfeedtheboilerswithwaterincase
ofstorageelectricity.
The quality of the affluent of the reactor UASB was analyzed to conform to the environmental legislation concerns, mainly on the following
parameters:pH,sedimentsolid,COD,BOD,oil,andgrease.ThecompanyinfocusanditssystemofanaerobicdigestionwithreactorsUASBkept
treated3600.00m
3
ofeffluentdailyfromaproductionof150.00tonsofpaper.In2009,inBrazil,approximately4.5milliontonsofwhitetopliner
(WTL)andpaperboardwasproduced[32].
Theapplicationoftheuseofbiogasfromtheanaerobicsystemtreatmentinpulpandpaperindustryisnotdiscussedintheliterature;however,this
processisaviableoptionformorereadilybiodegradablewastewaterasthecaseoftheproductionofcorrugatedpaper.Thecomplexpolymersare
convertedintomonomersbyextracellularenzymesduringhydrolysis,whilethesemonomersaretransformedintovolatilefattyacids(VFA)and
hydrogen (H
2
) during acidogenesis. The compounds ethyl, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen are produced from volatile fatty acid (VFA) in
acetogenesis phase and finally converted to methane during methanogenesis.The biogas produced during the anaerobic digestion is composed
mainly of CH
4
(5580%) and CO
2
(2045%) and can be used as an energy source, usually in the form of heat and/or after conversion into
electricitybycogeneration[24,33].Intheproductionof pulpandpaper,theprocessesofcogenerationofbiogascanbe usedinanalternativein
ordertomatchtheincreasingflowsofwastewaterand/orwastewaterrecovery,reusingthetreatedeffluentintheproductionprocesses[34].Inthis
work, the pulp and paper industry of So Paulo showed that the biogas generation was 234.000Kg/year/mill, equivalent in combustible oil. In
national scope, the equivalent not annual production of 19.432 tons of combustible oil would save annual figures of approximately US$ 10.7
million ifall packagingand cardboardbox companies workeda similartreatment systemof effluent. Therefore,in Brazil,the UASBreactor has
becomeaconventionaltypeoftreatmentsystemforpapermilleffluents.TheUASBreactorisgainingitsplaceinthemarketforthetreatmentof
effluentswith lowand highCOD concentrations.The performanceof thereactors hasshown tobe stableunder considerablevariations inload.
Thiscanbeduetotheexcellentretentionofthebiomassinthereactor,aswellastheverygoodmixingpatternbetweenbiomassandwastewater.
4.Conclusions
TheindustryofpulpandpaperofSoPaulo,Brazil,implantedareactorUASBwithsecondarytreatmentwiththeobjectivethat,withtheanaerobic
technology(UASB), anewproductive arrangement,ofreuse ofbiogas,is tobeconsidered atindustryin thebiorefineryannex. Cellulosicfibers
andtreatedwaterfromthebiorefineryreturnedtomanufacturingprocess,whilethebiogasisburntinboilersforthermalpowergeneration.The
companyinfocusanditssystemofanaerobicdigestionwithreactorsUASBkepttreated3600.00m
3
ofeffluentdailyfromaproductionof150tons
ofpaper.Inthiscase, thebiogasgenerationwas234.000Kg/year/mill,equivalentincombustibleoil.Inthe corrugatedpaperproductionplantin
focus, the methane gas generated by the anaerobic system UASB (8846Kcal/m
3
) dislocates the equivalent of 650kg of combustible oil (10000
Kcal/kg)perday(or234.000kgperyear).Theproductionof8846Kcal/m
3
ofenergyfrombiogascanmaketoworkatindustrialplantfor2hours.
TheUASBreactorisgainingitsplaceinthemarketforthetreatmentofeffluentswithlowandhighCODconcentrations.Theperformanceofthe
reactorshasshowntobestableunderconsiderablevariationsinload.Thiscanbeduetotheexcellentretentionofthebiomassinthereactor,aswell
astheverygoodmixingpatternbetweenbiomassandwastewater.Theresultwas734.40m
3
CH
4
/dayofvolume;ifmethaneconcentrationcouldbe
variedbetween 55and 80%inbiogas, theresults oftheproduction ofbiogas were1101.00m
3
/day. Inthe corrugatedpaper productionplant in
focus,themethanegasgeneratedbytheanaerobicsystemUASB(8846Kcal/m
3
)dislocatedtheequivalentof 650.00kgofcombustibleoil(10000
Kcal/kg)perday(or234.000kg/year).Theproductionof8846.00Kcal/m
3
ofenergyfrombiogascanmakearunatindustrialplantfor2hours.This
substitutioncansaveUS$128.700annually(orUS$550.00offueloil/tons).Thecompaniesareinvestedintheuseofthebiogasindieselstationary
motorscyclethatfeedtheboilerswithwaterincaseofstorageelectricity.
ConflictofInterests
Theauthorsdeclarethatthereisnoconflictofinterestsregardingthepublicationofthispaper.
Acknowledgments
TheauthorsthankfundingandsupportfromSoPauloResearchFoundation(FAPESP,Projects2011/19817-1)andCAPES-PEC-PG(5945100).
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