LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother

Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Sources
There isnt an exhaustive national research on this issue
We studied and compiled different studies and other
documents developed in the last three years
Most of them are qualitative researches based on
questionnaires applied to different target groups (women
in general, entrepreneurs in general, women
entrepreneur etc.)

LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Samples I
The studied documents totalized 1089 subjects the sample being
as a randomly chosen sample with the following characteristics:
Type of legally organized enterprises started by the interviewed persons
90.81% limited liability companies,
4.08% joint stock companies
5.11% other types of enterprises.
64.28% of the interviewed women entrepreneurs stated that they also are the
manager of the enterprise that they have started.
86.73% of all the answers received belong to women with ages between 26
and 45, which indicate the fact that women run businesses at the middle age.
Young women under 26 and those over 55 are only in a very small amount the
entrepreneurs or their own business.
Most of the women entrepreneurs 60.20% are of age 36 to 45.
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Samples II
Profiles of the companies (according to CAEN code which classifies
national economic activities in Romania)
53.06% - trade
11.22% - industry and energy
7.14% - hotels and restaurants
5.10% - constructions
Regional distribution
N-E Region - 11.22 %
S-E Region - 12.24 %
South-Muntenia Region - 9.18 %
S-V Oltenia Region - 6.12 %

4.08% - transports and telecommunications
3.06% - agriculture
16.34% - other types of services

V Region - 13.26 %
N-V Region - 12.24 %
Central region - 11.22 %
Bucuresti Ilfov Region - 24.52 %

LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Topics
The motivation, advantages, family situation and
discrimination against women entrepreneurs
Difficulties met by women entrepreneurs
when starting their businesses;
The need of entrepreneurial
training.
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Social factors I
Motivation of starting an enterprise
The need of extra income - 35.71%
The need of gaining higher independence - 28.57%
Alternative against unemployment - 22.44%
Positive entrepreneurial examples - 7.14%
Expertise in a certain domain - 5.10%
Keeping a family tradition - 1.04%
Conclusions:
women start an affair not necessarily because of their experience/talent in
running a business, but sometimes by the need of material compensation
and independence.
this is actually the incipient stage of the entrepreneurial culture and the
motivation structure meets this statement.
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Shortcomings of entrepreneurial
careers men vs. women
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Entrepreneurs key abilities
men vs. women
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Social factors II
The advantages that women think entrepreneurial activity brings -
the hierarchy resulted from statistical processing women subjects:
consciousness,
dynamism,
intelligence
Moreover, a good entrepreneurship requires discipline, organized
work and capacity of adaptability to social changes
The education of women entrepreneurs
University degree - 65.3%
36.73% in economics
3.06% in management
13.26% engineers
12.26% other types of studies
responsibility,
tenacity,
intuition.
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Discrimination against women
entrepreneurs when doing business
it often depends on the domain of activity where the
business is developed
most of the discrimination cases that women entrepreneurs
deal with are to be found in the industry sectors
Second place is occupied by the constructions sector
3
rd
place comes the transport and telecommunications
4
th
place we find the hotel and restaurant sector.
the smallest number of discrimination cases is to be found in
the agriculture sector
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Difficulties those women
entrepreneurs have to deal with
at the initiation of the business (the reason why women have to deal with
these difficulties is because they usually start businesses in the production field or in
the service field of the retail trade, fields that imply a lot of difficulties and problems)
Lack of training in the business - 29.59 %
Getting the credits - 27.55 %
Lack of experience in the financial planning - 20.42 %
Lack of the guaranties - 21.42 %
Lack of guidance and consultancy - 1.02 %
during the business
Lack of experience in the financial planning - 27.55 %
Influence over the personnel relation- 24.48 %
Getting the credits - 25.51 %
Lack of the guaranties 12.24 %
Lack of guidance in business - 10.22 %


LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
Common and gender
barriers to business
Common barriers Gender barriers
Financial difficulties
Difficulties in finding proper
contacts for business
Lack of
information/consultancy
Lack of modern technology
Less qualified personnel
Pressure of taxation
Birocracy
Professional stereotypes (smaller
medium wages for women, difficulties
in getting specific jobs, etc.)
Traditional collective mentality, plenty
of prejudices
Balancing professional and
family/private life;
Maternity and child care
Stereotyping women promotion in
mass-media
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
The need of entrepreneurial training
Out of 13.26% women that are engineers
3.84% would carry out management and marketing studies
15.38% have entrepreneurial studies
30.78% lack interest in any entrepreneurial training
Out of 36.73% women that have finished studies in economics
33.33% would do entrepreneurial training based on projects
22.22% would do human resources studies
13.88% would do entrepreneurial management
30.57% lack interest in entrepreneurial training
Out of 12.26% women with other types of studies
83.34% would continue their studies with management and marketing studies
16.66% lack interest in entrepreneurial training
Out of 34.69 % women that lack university degree
17.64% would do general management courses
38.23% would do marketing courses
11.76% would do human resources management courses
32.37% lack interest towards entrepreneurial training.
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
CONCLUSIONS I
Although Romania has had and still has a masculine-oriented
culture - and that is because it is said that men are supposed to take
the greatest decisions, the material needs and the yearning for
financial independence has determined women to embrace
entrepreneurship.
1
st
place in the motivational hierarchy = the need of obtaining extra income
(36%)
Another type of motivation is the need of more material independence (29%),
the alternative against unemployment (22%),
the positive entrepreneurial examples (7%)
the expertise in the domain (5%)
to perpetuate a family tradition. (1%);
The majority of women entrepreneurs in Romania have studies in economics
(36.73% - 36 women) who have taken the advantage of entrepreneurship courses
offered by their curriculum.
Starting with the change of the political system after 1990, many large enterprises
have changed their legal statute and many people have been discharged,
especially women. Therefore, women entrepreneurs without superior studies
(34.69%) have started their own affair, as they had to find an alternative to earn
money and avoid unemployment.
LdV Partnership Women Entrepreneurs and Mother
Unio de Freguesias de
Gondomar (So Cosme),
Valbom e Jovim DIA-SPORT Association
CONCLUSIONS II
The majority of women entrepreneurs in Romania have studies in
economics (36.73%) who have taken the advantage of
entrepreneurship courses offered by their curriculum
Starting with the change of the political system after 1990 many
large enterprises have changed their legal statute and many people
have been discharged, especially women. Therefore, women
entrepreneurs without university degree (34.69%) have started
their own affair, as they had to find an alternative to earn money
and avoid unemployment
Theres a greater openness among women entrepreneurs to
organize&administrate their own business, as they fear of failing.
Therefore, most of the questioned women entrepreneurs, with
different types of studies have already done or are willing to do
entrepreneurial training