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Marine Composites

Macromechanics

7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5

hc

4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

r, Edge Stiffener Factor

Figure 3-35

hc as a Function of Edge Stiffener Factor [DDS 9110-9]

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

hc

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

r, Edge Stiffener Factor

Figure 3-36

hc as a Function of Edge Stiffener Factor [DDS 9110-9]

132

Chapter Three

DESIGN

16

18

20

22

10

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

.14

.16

.18

.20

hc

.22
.24
.26
.28
.30
.32
.34
.36
11

12

13

14

15

r, Edge Stiffener Factor

Figure 3-37

hc as a Function of Edge Stiffener Factor [DDS 9110-9]

133

16

17

Marine Composites

Macromechanics
0

0.2

0.4

1
r
0.6

0.8

1.0
6

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Hs

Figure 3-38

Hs as a Function of the Inverse of Edge Stiffener Factor [DDS 9110-9]

0.2

0.4

1
r
0.6

0.8

1.0
14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

Hs

Figure 3-39

Hs as a Function of the Inverse of Edge Stiffener Factor [DDS 9110-9]

134

38

Chapter Three

DESIGN

1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65

K8

0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Figure 3-40

K8 as a Function of Edge Stiffener Factor [DDS 9110-9]

135

3.0

3.5

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5

Cf

4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0

10

12

14

16

18

Figure 3-41

Cf as a Function of m [DDS 9110-9]

4.5
4.2
3.9
3.6
3.3

Cf

3.0
2.7
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.5
0

Figure 3-42

Cf as a Function of m [DDS 9110-9]

136

10

Chapter Three

DESIGN

7.5
7.2
6.9
6.6
6.3
6.0

Cf
5.7
5.4
5.1
4.8
4.5
9

10

11

12

13

14

Figure 3-43

Cf as a Function of m [DDS 9110-9]

137

15

16

17

18

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

Figure 3-44

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

as a Function of and C [DDS 9110-9]


t
t

1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0

Figure 3-45

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

as a Function of and C [DDS 9110-9]


t
t

138

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Chapter Three

DESIGN

1.16

1.14

1.12

1.10

K
1.08

1.06
0.100

Ec
EF
1.04
0.040
0.020
1.02

0.010
0.001
0

1.00
0

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.16

t
h

Figure 3-46

Coefficient for Bending Stiffness Factor [DDS 9110-9]

139

0.20

Marine Composites

Macromechanics
100
90
80
70
60

50

40

30

KMO

20

10
9
8
7
6
5

3
0

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

1.0

a
b

Figure 3-47
9110-9]

Values of KMO for Sandwich Panels in Edgewise Compression [DDS

140

Chapter Three

DESIGN

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-48 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends and Sides Simply Supported and
Orthotropic Core (GCb = 2.5 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

141

Marine Composites

Macromechanics
14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-49 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends and Sides Simply Supported and
Isotropic Core (GCb = GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

142

Chapter Three

DESIGN

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-50 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends and Sides Simply Supported and
Orthotropic Core (GCb = 0.4 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

143

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-51 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends Simply Supported, Sides Clamped
and Orthotropic Core (GCb = 2.5 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

144

Chapter Three

DESIGN

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-52 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends Simply Supported, Sides Clamped
and Isotropic Core (GCb = GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

145

Marine Composites

Macromechanics
14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-53 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends Simply Supported, Sides Clamped
and Orthotropic Core (GCb = 0.4 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

146

Chapter Three

DESIGN

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-54 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends Clamped, Sides Simply Supported
and Orthotropic Core (GCb = 2.5 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

147

Marine Composites

Macromechanics
14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-55 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends Clamped, Sides Simply Supported
and Isotropic Core (GCb = GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

148

Chapter Three

DESIGN

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-56 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends Clamped, Sides Simply Supported
and Orthotropic Core (GCb = 0.4 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

149

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-57 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends and Sides Clamped and Orthotropic
Core (GCb = 2.5 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

150

Chapter Three

DESIGN

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-58 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends and Sides Clamped and Isotropic
Core (GCb = GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

151

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

14

12

10

KM

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

b
a

a
b

Figure 3-59 KM for Sandwich Panels with Ends and Sides Clamped and Orthotropic
Core (GCb = 0.4 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

152

Chapter Three

DESIGN

0.80
0.72
0.64
0.56
0.48

Q 0.40
0.32
0.24
0.16
0.8
0
0

.4

.8

1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4

2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.2

Figure 3-60

Parameters for Face Wrinkling Formulas [DDS 9110-9]

153

7.6 8.0 8.4 8.8

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

10

0.05

0.05

0.10

KM
0.10

0.20

0.20

3
0.40

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

a
b

Figure 3-61 KM for Sandwich Panels with All Edges Simply Supported and Isotropic
Core [DDS 9110-9]

154

Chapter Three

DESIGN
V

10

0.02
0

7
0.04
0.02

6
0.04

KM
0.08

0.08

4
0.16
0.16

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

b
a

Figure 3-62 KM for Sandwich Panels with All Edges Simply Supported and
Orthotropic Core (GCb = 0.4 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

155

1.0

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

10

8
0

0.12

KM

0.12
5

0.25
0.25

3
0.50

2
1.00

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

b
a

Figure 3-63 KM for Sandwich Panels with All Edges Simply Supported and
Orthotropic Core (GCb = 2.5 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

156

1.0

Chapter Three

DESIGN
V

16
0

14

12

10
0.05

KM
8

0.10

0.20
4

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

b
a

Figure 3-64 KM for Sandwich Panels with All Edges Clamped, Isotropic Facings and
Isotropic Core [DDS 9110-9]

157

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

V
16
0

14

12

10

KM
8
0.05

6
0.10

0.20

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

b
a

Figure 3-65 KM for Sandwich Panels with All Edges Clamped, Isotropic Facings and
Orthotropic Core (GCb = 0.4 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

158

Chapter Three

DESIGN
V

16
0

14

12

0.05

10

KM
8
0.10

6
0.20

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

b
a

Figure 3-66 KM for Sandwich Panels with All Edges Clamped, Isotropic Facings and
Orthotropic Core (GCb = 2.5 GCa) [DDS 9110-9]

159

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

0.04

K1
0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0

0.2

b
a

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.02

K1
0.01

0
0

0.2

0.4

b
a

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.03

0.02

K1
0.01

0
0

0.2

0.4

b
a

Figure 3-67 K1 for Maximum Deflection, , of Flat, Rectangular Sandwich Panels with
Isotropic Facings and Isotropic or Orthotropic Cores Under Uniform Loads [DDS 9110-9]

160

Chapter Three

DESIGN

0.14

0.12

0.10

0.08

K2

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

b
a

Figure 3-68 K2 for Determining Face Stress, FF of Flat, Rectangular Sandwich Panels with
Isotropic Facings and Isotropic or Orthotropic Cores Under Uniform Loads [DDS 9110-9]

161

Marine Composites

Macromechanics

0.5

0.4

K3
0.3

0.2
0

0.2

FC 3 = K 3 p

V=

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.8

1.0

b
a

b
h

2 D
b2 U

0.5

0.4

K3

0.3

0.2
0

0.2

0.4

b
a

Figure 3-69 K3 for Determining Maximum Core Shear Stress, FCs, for Sandwich
Panels with Isotropic Facings and Isotropic or Orthotropic Cores Under Uniform Loads
[DDS 9110-9]

162

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