EAU

FLORIDA ATLANTIC
UNIVERSITY
EML 4500 - Machine Design 1
/ EFT-4 ~ . ; a ; A* " )
. 5-1 3 IL}
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Design of an Off-Loadi; r1 g Station
Project 1
Jonathan Padu l l a
Spring 201 4
Ab stract
This report docu ments the anal ysis of an off-l oading station l ocated at the end of a paper rol l ing machine.
This off-l oading station design u ses a V-l inkage to effectivel y transfer nished paper rol l s from the machine _
conveyer to the forkl ift tru ck. The off-l oading station consists of twoV-l inks that are wel ded to a steel tu b e that IS
xed to a shaft rotated b y an air cyl inder throu gh a crank arm. The pu rpose of this stu dy is to design the V-l inks,
cyl inder rod, and shaft with the appropriate dimensions to satisfy a safety factor that is cl osest to 1 . 2.
The weight of the paper rol l is to b e determined. Al ong with the notch sensitivity, fatigu e stress
concentration factor, maximu m and minimu m b ending moments, and the mean and al ternating normal stresses Of
the V-l inks. For the Cyl inder rod, the compressive force at starting position, and the critical C0l T| pl SSl V8 . l oad mu st
b e determined. Additional l y, the torqu e mean and al ternating shear stresses, and pol ar moment of inertia mu st b e
cal cu l ated. Fu rthermore, the dimensions of the V-l inks, rod, and shaft can manipu l ated to provide a factor of safety
cl osest to minimu m give.
g(0Q_ . /
/
1
Iab l e_ Qf_ CQu tents
Ab stract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tab l e of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Introdu ction 3
Design 5Ynthesis&Anal ysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
W e- Qp >- l l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-
6
Cyl inder Rod nal ysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shaft Anal ys' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Resu l ts I i - a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Given
MATLAB Printed Resu l ts. . . . . . . . . --------8
Concl u sion/ Discu ssion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
2
inttddu ction
The aim for this project is to design specic components of an off-l oading station; the V-l inks, the cyl inder rod, and the shaft. The
pu rpose of this off-l oading station is to transfer paper rol l s, from the paper rol l ing machine, to the forkl ift tru ck (see Fig. 1 ) .
The rst thing to b e detennined is the weight of the paper, so that the force on each V-l ink arm can b e fou nd. From thegiven
information in the resu l ts section of this report, the V-l inks, rod, and shaft are tob e anal yzed for notch sensitivity, concentrations factors,
normal stresses, b ending moments, torqu e shear stresses, and most importantl y the factor of safety. The factor of safety mu st b e a minimu m
of 1 . 2 and as cl ose as possib l e to it. The three components can b e designed with dimensions that wou l d give an acceptab l e safety factor to
gu arantee that they are adequ ate.
The steps requ ired for this process are:
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The determination of the weight of the paper rol l
The determination of the notch sensitivity of the V-l inkage
The determination of the fatigu e stress concentration factor of the V-l inkage
The determination of the max and minimu m b ending moments of the V-l inkage, Cyl inder rod, and the shaft
The determination of the mean and al ternating normal stresses
The determination of the mean and al ternating shear stresses
The determination of al l the correction factor and corrected endu rance l imit of the V-l inkage and shaft
The determination of the compressive force and critical compressive l oad of the cyl inder rod
The determination of the safety factors of the V-l inkage, rod, and shaft
The interpretation of the data and choosing practical dimensions of the V-l inkage, cyl inder rod, and shaft
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From the initial prob l em statement, the maximu m deection on an arm wil l occu r ju st after it b egins the _ '_ _ _
transfer and b efore it compl etes the transfer. At this time the rol l is in contact with b oth V-l ink arms, and - A
when it l s another position on the arms the deection tip wil l b e su pported. W ith that said the arm can b e
treated as a cantil ever b eam. Another thing to take into consideration is the fact that the max force in the l
rod occu rs when the transfer starts. Additional l y, the max torqu e wil l occu r when the l ink is horizontal and ,
the paper is l ocated as shown in gu re 6.
-u -ma
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l
W eight of Paper Rol l : it F -
Sol ving for the weight of the paper rol l 1
4 II n
-_ _ ,,,_ _ -Q-. -. -ql
Eel w = 2- (002 -1 0* ) -p -9-1 -. . . [ N1
W here W is weight [ N], OD is the ou ter diameter of the rol l [ m], l D is the inner diameter of the rol l [ m], p is
the density of the rol l [ 3-], and Ln, is l ength of the rol l [ m]
--1 ?
v-]ink A1 -mysis: Figu re 2: V-l inkage FB D
The max b ending moment in the arm can b e fou nd b y (this can b e seen in g. 2 and g. 3)
Eq. 2 Mm, ( 2 + -Z " ; " )
W here ta is the thickness of the V-l ink arm [ m] and Dmb e is the diameter of the steel tu b e [ m]
Sol ving for
_ -. - Q
l ee
is.
-. r _ - L
OD ta
Eqs r. = T+ ; I s e l
a----0
Determining the max b ending moment in the V-l ink arm
Eq_ 3 Mm = Mam - % Figu re 3
W here Mm , is equ ival ent to the max b ending force [ m4]
Determining the minimu m b ending moment in the V-l ink arm, Mm," [ m4]
Eq04 Z 0
The moment of inertia is now cal cu l ated so that the normal stresses can b e fou nd
E wcftaa
q 5 fv = T Tab l e 1 : Neu b er s Constontfor Steel s
. . . . R9 . . . Si-I1 (km Fil ru c " )
W here 1 ,, IS the moment ofmertia of the V-l ink [ 7 5], and wars the width of the l ink arm [ m] t -. .
50
The radiu s of the notch r[ m], is necessary to sol ve for notch sensitivity
Eq. 6 r = 0. 25 - ta
Using Tab l e 6-6 from the b ook (Tab l e 1 ) , to nd interpol ate and nd the necessary 1 / E,W hB l 8 Su t is equ ival ent to
u l timate tensil e Strength [ ksi]
s,, -s,,
Eq. 7 \ / E = \ / E1 + F 2_ $ u '; ' (\ / 52 -\ / E1 )
To nd the notch sensitivity q, the notch radiu s wil l b e converted to inches in order for the Eq. 8 to give viab l e answer
E . 8 = -1 -
q q 1 + _ _
Sol ving for static stress concentration, K t, to nd the fatigu e stress concentration (see fig. 4)
Eq. 9 K , = / l ,, -
4
55
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7 0
8 0
90
1 (1 )
1 1 0
1 20
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0. 1 30
O 1 1 8
O. 1 08
O 093
01 30
0 O7 0
0. 062
O 055
0. 049
Determining fatigu e stress concentration, K i, ,1 , ,,
sq. 1 0 x,= 1 + q(K ,-1 ) l l . -
1 -. . . - . . ,
" . !? 1 1 . ,_ LLess
. - !-' 5* -' :2u ~ :1 -. 1 1 c b u
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51
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8 '
ml -1 - . For equ ations 1 1 and 1 2, determiningthe maximu m and
minimu m normal stress, where cis the neu tral axis, [ MPa] K
I
sq. 1 1 am =
sq. 1 2 Um =
2
\ . -~
'-i _ _ _ : - T -1 ,5, --. . . . . i-_ -. , . , 1 I - -
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For equ ations 1 3 and 1 4the mean and al ternating nominal . _ p i - ~ . . c= = . ; 1 -1 -au wv-. - = . . . ,_ _ _ _ ;
5:1 -955 is fou nd [ MP3] e. . ; . . . . L. . . -. l -1 e; . . -1 l ILiL. . i-. . ; . ; _ . ; _ : F5 1
Eq. 1 3
amaz+ 'min
amnom =
rid
u u
" -'7 " '; . ? r
G1 _ | K t na| I1
and:
L1 0 r
| zo---~ 9 1 K " A('J)
where 7
T , _ \ M L _ _ _ _
I, If \ h
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IIII INK ) ? Z0 - 0. !33
MD 0. 932 31 -0. 303 04
L30 0. 958 8 0 0. 27 2 60
I20 0. 995 90 -0. 238 29
I I0 | . 0I6$ 0 0. 31 548
L05 1 . 02260 -0. 1 91 56
l . 0l 0. 96i5If9-01 5-4| ?
2 Figu re 4:GeometricStress-Concentration Factor K t
Eq. 1 4
O. _ o'mnx_ f-Tml n
tl nom _ 2
Eq'1 5 K fm = K f K f(0'ma. x) nom < Sy
Now that k; and K r" , is fou nd, actu al al ternating and mean stress can b e fou nd u sing equ ation 1 6 and 1 7
Eq 1 6 am = K frn ' amnom
Eq-1 7 an = K f ' aanom
_ _ _ _ 1 1 -" 5 _ . '. " '1 'T
Since there are no other nonzero stress components at this point on the top of the arm, the Von Mises Stresses,a, . , and 0; }, are
Eq. 1 8 01 ,, = om
Eq. 1 9 0; = oa
The u nmodied endu rance l imit, 5; , is to b e determined in order to sol ve for the corrected endu rance l imit
Eq. 20 q Se: = 0. 5 - Sm
The l oad correction factor,C,,,,,,1 , is equ ival ent to 1 b ecau se the V-l ink arm acts l ike a cantil ever b eam and is a b ending force
Eq. 21 C,_ ,,,,d = 1
To nd the size correction factor, C5,-,,,. ,, equ ations 22 and 23 wou l d b e needed
A95 = ' W a ' ta
Eq. 23 1 1 ,, =
The equ ation represented in equ ation24, is u sed, b ecau se the deq is 8 mm and 250 mm
Eq. 24 cm, = 1 . 1 8 9-(d,,,) " 7
The fol l owing equ ation for su rface correction factor C5,,
Eq. 25 C,,,,. ; = A - (. S ,,,) "
The temperatu re correction factor, Cramp, is equ ival ent to one b ecau se then su rrou nding environment is at room temperatu re
Cfgmp = 1
The rel iab il ity correction factor is 0. 8 97 , b ecau se the rel iab il ity is at 90%
EQ-27 Crel iab = 0-8 97
The corrected endu rance l imit, Se, is now fou nd b y
Eq. 28 Se = Cioad ' Csize ' Csu rf ' Ctemp ' Crel iab ' Se
The fatigu e factor of safety, Nf, can now b e fou nd b y
s 29 N = s" 5
q f 0'; '$ u ; + O':n'-5';
The max deection at tip, dmax
W
'_ '(Marm) z'(Marm 3'f-v)
Eq. 30 6max 'z ] ,* 5-,1
5
Cyl inder Rod Anal ysis:
The cyl inder rod is given to b e at xed-pinned condition. Therefore, the effective l ength,L,,, can b e fou nd u sing theAISC recommended
equ ation
1 : :. _ q _ ~ . . A-_ -. ~ .
it To ,F]
M
Leff = '- ' L; -ad
Determiningthe Moment of inertia, where dmd is the diameter of the rod
Eq. 32 , = ,, . $ 1 22!:
" s4
I-4
l 1
Determining theArea of the rod to nd gyration radiu s of the rod A 1 '2
Eq. 33 Ar = ,, . L i= 1 LM
[ . 7 < ~ 1 -- - -
. . FE
Determining the Sl enderness ratio, Sr, to then nd the sl enderness ratio at _ _ ; _ ---
tangent point, (5,) ,-_ , i " J-3:
Figu re 5: FB D of Crank Arm & Cyl inder Rod
Sr : E-ail
(STJD = 1 1 ' -
The fol l owing equ ation determines the critical b u ckl ing l oad of the rod, Pa, whereS3,, is the comprehensiveyiel d strength
. 2
Eq. 37 P,_ . , = . 4, - (3,, - )
Cal cu l ating the torqu e of the V-l ink arm, 'I ,,, to nd the maximu m torqu e, Tm,
Eq. 38 T, =
N I-32 +
Eq. 39 T,,,,,,, =
Moment of the maximu m compressive force, MI- c,,,,,,,, where L,-m,,,, is the l ength of the crank, 6,, is the position angl e of the crank arm, and 9,.
is the position angl e of the rod
Eq-4'0 MFcomp = Lcrank ' 5in(9c _ er)
The max compressive force, Fcomp, can then b e fou nd withthe fol l owing equ ation
Eq. 41 F = @-
" " MFccm1 p
Determining the Safety factor, can then b e easil y fou nd b y the fol l owing equ ation
Eq. -i2 N; =
Omp
6
Shaft Anal ysis:
Th? mml mu m TOTQH B . Tm" . is to b e determined in order tosol ve for Mean torqu e, Tm, and Al ternating torqu e, T,
EQA3 Tmin = " " (Tu ' ' 2
T (Tmnx'* Tml n)
m = 2
Ta ; _ (rmaxgrml n)
Now that the mean and al ternating torqu e are fou nd the shear stresses can b e cal cu l ated, where rm is the mean shear stress, 1 " ,, IS the
al ternating shear stress, and Dshaf, is the diameter of the shaft
s . 46 = . _ " ; ~ _ '=
q rm Tm 27
Ta = Ta q .
" P
-
Von Mises mean and al ternatin stress can b e fou nd u sin the fol l owin e u ations 48 and 49, where 03; , is the mean von Mises stress, and 0,,
S 8 8 q
is the al ternating von Mises stress
J7 ! = 1 / 3 ~ (fm) 2
git = 1 / 3 - ('[ 'a) 2
The l oad correction factor of the shaft can b e fou nd u sing equ ation 21 .
The size correction factor of the shaft can b e fou nd u sing equ ation 24, except su b stitu ting the deq withDshaft.
The temperatu re correction factor of the shaft can b e fou nd u sing equ ation 26.
The rel iab il ity correction factor of the shaft can b e fou nd u sing equ ation 27 .
The su rface correction factor of the shaft can b e fou nd u sing equ ation 25.
The u ncorrected endu rance l imit of the shaft can b e fou nd b y u sing equ ation 20.
The corrected endu rance l imit of the shaft can b e fou nd b y u sing equ ation 28 .
The fatigu e factor of safety of the shaft can b e fou nd b y u sing equ ation 29.
The internal torqu es can b e fou nd u sing equ ations 50 and 51 , these torqu es are needed to
sol ve for maximu m angl e of twist of the shaft \ * UH Mr
Eq-50 T1 = Tmax
Eq. 51 T, = r,,,,,,, -5%
The pol ar moment of inertia, / , can b e fou nd b y the fol l owing equ ation
_ _ (Dshaft)
Eq. 52 1 -1 1 -32
Determining the max angu l ar twist of the shaft
, L ' (T 0. 25 T 0. D5)
twwl imqq: W Shaft 1 1 . 6 + 2 K
7
Figu re 6: FB D Max torqu e
B esu l ts_ &_ l 2aia
Given Data:
OD = 0. 9m (ou ter diameter of rol l )
ID = 0. 22 m (inner diameter of rol l )
Emu
= 3. 23 m (l ength of rol l )
L,,,,; , = L,-on (l ength of shaft)
p = 98 4% (density of rol l )
Du b , = 0. 1 6 m (diameter of tu b e)
L, = 1 m (l ength of V-l ink arm)
n. so. c:3_ $ = ,$ > '* a
I- J.

i
ii
i
= 0. 5 m (l ength of cyl inder rod)
ank = 0. 3 m (l ength of crank)
= 45 (starting angl e position of crank arm)
= 8 (starting angl e position of cyl inder rod)
iab = 90% (percent of rel iab il ity)
2
25
MATLAB Printed Resu l ts:
1 )
2)
3)
4)
The weight of the paper rol l is 1 8 650. 1 97 9N
V-l ink Design:
Thickness is 0. 050 m and W idth is . 050 m
The notch sensitivity is 0. 91 02,/ 0 /
The fatigu e stress concentration factor is 1 . 38 :mi/ / /
The max b ending moment is 368 3. 41 41 N* m. and the n b ending moment is 0. 000000 N* m
The mean normal stress is 1 22. 1 2 MPa and the a ternating normal stress is 1 22. l 2259H Pa
C1 oad= 1 . 0000 v/ %
Csize= 0. B 306
Csu rf= 0. B 1 8 3
Ctemp= l . 0OO0 /
Cre1 iab = 0. 8 97 0 q . _ I
The corrected endu rance l imit is 1 91 . a t E QLrk_ _
The fatigu e safety factor is 1 . 1 994 " iQ: ii T A T b k
The defl ection at the tip is -0. 0060 m
Cyl inder Rod Design:
The
The
The
0
/
diameter is 0. 01 8 m,the effective l ength is,0/ 400 m, and the sl enderness ratio 1 8 8 8 .
compressive force at the starting position/ 49067 \ 3 94 N
critical compressive l oad is 638 90. 4l 94-N
The safety factor against b u ckl ing is 1 . 3021
Shaft Design:
The diameter is 0. 08 1 m and the pol ar moment of inertia is 4. 226s-03. -are
The torqu e is 8 8 58 . B 44QvN m
The mean shear stress is 0. 000000 and the al ternating shear stress is 8 4. 8 97 H Pa'
Cl oad= 1 . oooo /
Csize= 0. 7 7 6 Z
Csu rf= O. 8 1 8 3
Ctemp= 1 . 0000 h
Crel iab = 0. 8 97 O
The corrected endu rance l imit is 1 . 7 8 e N/ m 2
The fatigu e safety factor is 1 . 21 49
The maximu m angl e of twist is 2. 4006 d rees
8
CU III ) ID
mdm
The l oading station design is possib l e u nder the given parameters. Ou t of the three components, it can b e
concl u ded that theV-l inkagewou l d requ ire the most material . The carb on steel material is the perfect material to
b e u sed, b ecau se it is a strong material that shou l d b e ab l e to perform the task of transferring the paper rol l s. The
dimensions of theV-l inks are 0. 05 meters in thickness and width, providing a factor of safety of 1 . 1 994 and a -
0. 00603 meter deection at the tip. To get a safety factor of 1 . 3021 , the cyl inder rod onl y needed a diameter of
0. 01 8 meters. The cal cu l ated compressive force at the starting position is 49067 Newtons, whereas the critical
compressive l oad was 638 90 Newtons. Therefore, even with the smal l dimensions, the cyl inder rod is ab l e hol d a
not b u ckl e du ringthe process of transferring that shaft to the forkl ift tru ck. Additional l y, the shaft had a safety
factor of 1 . 21 49witha diameter of onl y 0. 08 1 meters. W ith these dimensions of the shaft, the maximu m angl e of
twist ended u p b eing 2. 4 degrees and the pol ar moment of inertia ended u p b eing 4. 23>< 1 0'6 m4.
Fu rthermore, withthe assu med infinite fatigu e l ife, the l oading station can b e u sed for several operations
b esides transferring paper rol l s. Seeing that this design has many advantages, it too has disadvantages. For
instance, to handl e heavier ob jects other than a paper rol l , there wou l d need to b e more material u sed.
Unfortu natel y, that is not ideal , since the u se of more material means l ess payoff. Al l in al l , the off-l oading station is
qu ite rel iab l e, especial l y with su ch smal l odds of fail u re, and fu nctions wel l for its specic operations.
9
Appendix
cl ear;
cl c;
- Jr . -r. . ; 1 i_ !" . an Pa- ii l l a
EM; 1 500 - Machine Desian 1
I H t:rY~ ; ' -!i') I'f . 3 1
fprintf('Jonathan Padil l a \ n EH
K
,I. \ {J1 C3 C.
K Ou ter Diameter of Rol l in meters
OD-. 9:
" inner Diameter ml Rol l in meters
ID-. 22:
~ R< :l l n iq* h Eri vn~ Lears
L_ rol l = 3. 23;
al l :-l fl I. -:'_ < . ]l . " . 1 ': . T'fl ~ '-'-l iii-3
L_ shaft= L rol l ;
hu l l dc; s; ty
p= 98 4;
1 Tu b e diameter in meters
D_ tu b e= . l 6;
Viink l enqth in meters
L_ v= 1 ;
i Pod l ength in meters
L_ rod= 0. 5;
" Crank Arm l ength
- Macn; ne Design 1 \ n Project l \ n\ ) !
L_ crank= 0. 3
O
l a
_ II
l - r L Modu l u s
= 1 1 0 9
i/ db / ( Q9
? 'ef_ . . . l u s H (1 \ . . 41 . :
G= 8 0. 8 * 1 0 9;
Tensil e Yiel d Strength in Pascal es
Sy= 531 * 1 0 6;
Comprehensive Yiel d Strength
Syc= Sy;
" Ul timate Tensil e Strength
Su t= 627 * 1 0 6;
Z Gravity in
g= 9. 8 1 ;
~ ? Ol l W eight
m/ s 2
W = (pi* (OD 2ID 2) / 4) * p* g* L_ rol l ;
V-l ink Arm
ta= 0. 050;
-. 1 - E n k 1 " -mm
wa= 0. 050;
Thickness * * * * *
width * * * * *
1 Max B ending moment in the arm
M_ arm= (0D/ 2+ t
E Max B ending
Mmax= M arm* W /
" 40 a/ 2D_ tu b e/ 2)
Moment
2;
b Min Eending Moment
Mmin= O;
V-l ink Mame
Iv= wa* ta 3/ 1 2
nt of Inertia
F
* adiu s of the Notch
r= O. 25* ta;
\ r - '
tram 1 ab l C
Av= O. 93232;
b v= 0. 30304;
C-1 0
1 0
no
Fiu fiv xtress Coneentration
K c-Av* (r/ ta) b v:
~ From Tab l e 6-6
roota= (0. 07 0+ (((Su t* 0. 1 45037 7 4) / 1 0 6-90) / (l 0090) l * (0. 0620. 07 0) )
1 Converting r from meters to inches
q= 1 / (1 + roota/ sqrt(r* 39. 37 01 ) ) ;
Fatiqu e stress Concentration
K f= 1 + q* (K t-1 ) ;
L neatral Axis
c= ta/ 2;
1 Max Normal itress
ns_ max= Mmax* c/ Iv;
Min Normal Stress
ns_ min= Mmin* c/ Iv;
- Now nil MQu L" e39
nmS= (nS_ max+ nS_ min) / 2;
H omznal Al ternating Stress
nas= (ns_ max-ns_ min) / 2;
K fm= K f;
- Mean normal Stress
ms= K fm* nms;
Aiternetinq Normal Stress
as= K f* nas;
. u ncorrected Endu rance Limit
Se_ vu = 0. 5* Su t;
ncndinq Force
Cv_ l oad= l ;
A95= 0. 05* wa* ta* l 0O0 2;
d_ eq= (A95/ 0. 07 66) (1 / 2) ;
Cv_ size= 1 . 1 8 9* d_ eq . 097 ;
tab l e 6-3
A_ su rf= 4. 5l ;
b _ su rf= -0. 265;
Cv_ su rf= A_ su rf* (Su t/ (1 * l 0 6) ) b _ su rf;
Cv_ temp= l ;
~ V-l ink Correction factors
Cv_ rel iab = 0. 8 97 ;
Y Tcrrected Endu rance Limit
Se_ vc= Cv_ l oad* Cv_ size* Cv_ su rf* Cv_ temp* Cv_ rel iab * Se_ vu ;
Fatigu e Safety Factor
Nfv= Se_ vc* Su t/ (as* Su t+ ms* Se_ vc) ;
" Max Defl ection at Tip
Dmax= ((W / 2) * M_ arm 2* (M_ arm3* L_ v) ) / (6* E* Iv) ;
5%Rod
t Diameter * * * * *
D r0d= 0. 01 8 ;
~ $ Effective Length
L eff= 0. 8 0* L_ rod;
_ M0ment of inertia
Ir= pi* D_ rod 4/ 64;
- Area of Rod
Ar= pi* D_ rod 2/ 4;
Rod Gyraiinn radiu s
k= (Ir/ Ar) (1 / 2) ;
Moment of Max Compressive Force
thetac= 45* pi/ 1 8 0;
thetar= 8 * pi/ 1 8 0;
MFc= L_ crank* sin(thetacthetar) ;
1 Tnrqu e of V-l ink Arm
1 1
Tv= (OD/ 2+ ta/ 2) ;
~ P&a>; Yc= r qiie
Tmax= (Tv* W / 2) '2;
; Min Torqu e
Tmin--(Tv* W / 2) * 2;
K Max Compressive Force
Fc-Tmax/ (MFc) ;
* Sl enderness Ratio
Sr= L_ eff/ k:
I Tanqen* Paint Sr
5r_ D Pi* (2* E/ Syc) (1 / 2) ;
- fritiwsl Pu ckl inq Lead
Pcr= pi 2* E* Ar/ Sr 2;
. rmmfu r nf S3f@Ly
Nb = Pcr/ Fc;
3$ hat
V Diameter * * * * *
D_ shaft= 0. 08 1 ;
? 0ier Moment of Inertia
J= pi* D_ shaft 4/ 32;
7 W een Torqu e
mT= (Tmax+ Tmin) / 2;
" Al ternating Torqu e
aT= (TmaxTmin) / 2;
I Mean Shear Stress
mss= mT* D shaft/ (2* J) ;
- Al terngting Shear Stress
ass= aT* D_ shaft/ (2* J) ;
* Von Mises Mean Stress
vms= (3* mss 2) (l / 2) ;
L Von Mises Al ternating Stress
vas= (3* ass 2) (l / 2) ;
Uncorrected Endu rance Limit
Se_ su = 0. 5* Su t;
I Determining Torsion
Cs_ l oad= 1 ;
Cs size= 1 . 1 8 9* (D shaft* 1 000) (0. 097 ) ;
t Ein; is ir1 T4Pa -
Cs_ su rf= A_ su rf* (Su t/ (1 * l 0 6) ) b _ su rf;
Cs_ temp= 1 ;
Cs_ rel iab = 0. 8 97 ;
~ " orrected Endu ranc Limit
Se_ sc= Cs_ l oad* Cs_ size* Cs_ su rf* Cs_ temp* Cs_ rel iab * Se_ su ;
Fatigu e Safety Factor
Nfs= Se_ sc* Su t/ (vas* Su t+ vms* Se_ sc) ;
1 internal torqu es
Ts1 = Tmax;
Ts2= Tmax-Tmax/ 2;
" Angu l ar twists
theta1 = Tsl * 0. 25* L_ shaft/ (J* G) ;
theta2= Ts2* O. 5* L_ shaft/ (J* G) ;
Maximu m angl e of twist
thmax= thetal + theta2; Msxiu mu m angl e of twist
theta max= thmax* 1 8 0/ pi; econverted from radians to degrees
fprintf('l The weight of the paper rol l is 31 0. 4f N \ n',W ) ,
[ \ J fprintf(' V-l ink Design: \ n') ;
1 2
fprintfl Thickness is 1
1 f ' * ~ ~
kw Q K w " H Q. * -4 r and
-I
fpf t K 4&9&nt. h sensiaivziy zs + 6. 4 xn',q) ;
fprintfl ' The tatiqze stress aoncent
fPIintfK ' The Fax Lending ramu nt . 5
V
A.
xn',Mmax,H m1 n) ;
fp1 itf(' ':'1 'il ; - I- ff-if, I/ ,-,'_ . 'f_ ,_ | ; f-,'{I_ -_ 1 _ ; ; _ ; #5 I
" -'4' 0 . _ Y. -_ I
= -* * -'* Y m5* 0. 000001 ,as* 0. 000001 )
fprintft
fprintf(
fprintf(
fprintf(
fprintf(
fprintfl
printf(
fprintf(
fprintf(
fprintf(
u -
ratio is
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
4- " D-
fprintf
fprintf
~ n ,mss
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
fprintf
_ -_ = new
--1 n-_
sh
n
4
ft
ir
P
L
K
K
K
K
K
I
; @41 6. 4! En',Cv l oad)
' " f-if \ :',Cvsize)
1 " n " ; ',Cv_ su rf)
K " ',Cv_ temp) ;
" " = ii " . 4! \ n',Cv_ rel iab ) ;
'\ 0
" 1 0
I
I
-0
0 0
I
I -\ Q
4-
in
nu
\ I _ . \ - > -
5) Uyiindez Rod Design: \ n ) ;
I
* S. 3t \ n',D_ rod,L_ eff,Sr) ;
i1 I
'-}* '"
. ,,_ * _ J
5. Snqit Design: \ n') ;
Q
i The diameter is 35. 35 m and the pol ar moment of inertia is I0 * m
aft,J) ;
' 'I" he t--5. -rqu e i'l r(i. 4f N* rr| \ n',Tmax) ;
0. 000001 ,ass* 0. 000001 ) ;
Cl oad= 6. 4f \ n',Cs_ l oad) ;
Csi:e: 6. 4f \ n',Cs_ size) ;
' CSUFf= b 6. 4f \ n',Cs_ su rf)
' Ctemp= %6. 4f \ n',Cs_ temp) ;
Crel iab = %6. 4f \ n',Cs_ rel iab ) ;
' The corrected endu rance l imit is %l O. 4g N/ m
I
I
I
' The fatigu e safety factor is %6. 4f \ n',Nfs) ;
' The maximu m angl e of twist is %6. 4f degrees
1 3
A
L
\
\
\
; 3. ' '-. . -I
:J:n ; 5 -2. 35 m . n ,ta,wa) ;
ation factor 1 5 6. 4f \ n ,K f) ;
'i0. 4f N'm and the min b ending meweat s K : 1 * m
5. 8 4 Mia and the al ternating norms stre s
TL $ wrrw~ teq endu ranne l imit is %U. %q MP4 \ n',Se VC* 0. 00000l
Tn tu iiqu w saivty factor is 1 6. 4f \ n',Nfv) ;
Tre defl ection at the tip is $ 7 . 5? m \ n',Dmax) ;
r r - I
The diameter is %b . 3f m,the effective l ength is * 5. 3f m, arm the sieneerness
U u ompressive force at the starting position is $ 1 0. 45 N \ t ,
e criticai compressive l ead is 1 0. 4f N \ n',Pcr) ;
The safety factor against b u ckl ing is %6. 4f \ n',Nb ) ;
The mean shear stress is if and the al ternating shear stress -,. 3f M3
\ n',Se_ sc) ;
n',theta_ max) ;