MECH3610, 2014,

Assignment 2.
Air at a stagnation pressure of 11uukPo(obs) and a stagnation temperature of 48uK enters a
converging-diverging nozzle which has a throat area of u.uu7Sm
2
.
a) If the ratio of the area of the nozzle exit plane to the throat area is A
c
A

= 2.1u, find the

Mach number of the flow at the nozzle exit plane, assumming that the flow reaches a
Mach number of unity at the throat, that the bac pressure is sufficient to cause the flow
to achieve supersonic speeds downstream of the throat and that the flow is isentropic up
to the nozzle exit plane.
b) !nder these conditions, find the static pressure, static temperature, density, speed of
sound, velocity and mass flow rate of the air at the nozzle exit plane.
"here is then an increase in the bac pressure downstream of the nozzle exit plane so that a
normal shoc exists in the diverging section of the nozzle between the throat and the nozzle exit
plane. "he Mach number upstream of the shoc is estimated to be H
x
= 1.42.
c) #ind the static pressure and static temperature $ust upstream of the shoc.
d) #ind the Mach number H

, the static temperature and the static presure $ust downstream

of the shoc as well as the stagnation temperature and pressure downstream of the shoc.
e) #ind that the Mach number of the flow exiting at the nozzle exit plane.
f) #inally, calculate the static pressure, static temperature, speed of sound and velocity of
the flow at the nozzle exit plane and show that the mass flow rate is the same as that
found when no shoc existed in the diverging section of the nozzle.
g) %raw a diagram plotting the relationship between P/P0 , Pe and the downstream distance
for the case where the normal shoc exists within the diverging section of the nozzle.
"ae k = 1.4, c
p
= 1.uuS k[kgK to be constants.
"he following e&uation and diagram may be useful.
A
c
A

=
A
c
A
x

A
x

A
x

A
x
A

"he figure is not drawn to scale.
"ae k ' (.), cp ' (.**+ ,-g.., cv ' *./(0 ,-g.. as constant independent of temperature.
1iven that2
I
0
I
= 1 + _
k -1
2
] H
2

and2
p
0
p
= _
I
0
I
_
[
1
k-1

= _1 + _
k - 1
2
] H
2
_
[
1
k-1

h) show that the mass flow rate2
m = pAI ,
can be written as2
m =
AP
0

c
p
I
0
__1 + _
k - 1
2
] H
2
_
_
-(k+1)
2(k-1)
]
Hk
Vk - 1
_ .
#rom this expression, we can write the normalsied mass flow rate per unit area as a function of
the isentropic index and the Mach number, i.e.2
m

c
p
I
0
AP
0
= _1 + _
k - 1
2
] H
2
_
_
-(k+1)
2(k-1)
]
Hk
Vk - 1
.
i) #or the case when the flow is choed, the normalised mass flow rate per unit area is a
function of the isentropic index only. #ind this function and then for air, find the value of
this function.
$) !sing this expression calculate the mass flow rate through the nozzle considered earlier
in this problem.
) If the stagnation pressure is increased from ((**3a4abs) to (5**3a4abs) while
everything else including the bac pressure is left the same, calculate the new mass flow
rate of air through the nozzle.
6ote that the nozzles of gas turbine engines are choed for essentially all operating conditions
4see 7umpsty, 5**8). 9y varying the stagnation pressure upstream of the choed nozzle, the
mass flow rate and thus the thrust can be altered.
l) #rom the expression for the normalised mass flow rate per unit area, rearrange to find an
expression for A and for A

. "hen divide the expression for A by the one for A

to show
that2
A
A

=
1
H
__
2
k + 1
] _1 + _
k - 1
2
] H
2
__
_
k+1
2(k-1)
]
.

Note that marks will be deducted for not showing enough working.