The Research of the Application of Energy

Saving Technology in Rural House in Cold

Region
ZHAO Guomin
123

1 Energy Technology and Mechanical Engineering Department of Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction,
2 Fire Code Department of Tianjin Fire Research Institute,
3 School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University
Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
guominzhao@163.com


AbstractEnergy-efficient housing construction village is a
complex systematic project, involving political, economic,
social, cultural, environmental, technological and other
aspects of the content. By stage of development and
economic conditions, towns and villages residential building
energy efficiency-related technology development is very
slow. Although China has carried out some basic research,
but the village due to lack of systematic energy-saving
technology and with the support of key technologies, towns
and villages to promote energy-saving technologies falter. In
this paper, according to China's towns and villages in the
northern cold regions technology development status and
energy saving technology to carry out the actual needs of
towns and villages, Taking Tianjin, Maojiayu village
construction project as a example, the paper research the
energy-saving technologies and new energy in our villages in
northern cold regions construction applications.
Keywords-cold regions; rural house; new energy;
energy-saving technologies
I. INTRODUCTION
Since the reform , the construction of rural house have
been achieving great progress, the annual construction
volume of over six hundred million square meters, more
than twice the amount of city residential construction, with
the increase in the amount of construction, building energy
consumption is increasing continuously. At present, China
town area of existing residential building of approximately
25.76 billion m2, most of them can not meet the energy
requirements. If we consider the area of residential
buildings in rural areas in 2020 increased 60%,
commercial energy supply by more than 20%, it will reach
488.68 Yuan per capita energy consumption over, if
calculated according to 986 million rural population, rural
residential energy consumption in 2020 will reach 481.84
billion Yuan
[1]
. This lack of resources of China, residential
buildings to reduce energy consumption town to accelerate
the pace of building energy efficiency plays an important
role. For the cold northern climate, the summer heat,
winter cold, humidity. China's building energy
consumption in the northern cold regions of the heating
energy consumption accounted for a large proportion.
Therefore, towns and villages in northern cold regions of
residential building energy saving and renewable energy
use caused widespread attention.
II. COLD REGIONS OF NORTHERN CHINA
VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF
RESIDENTIAL ENERGY
The cumulative annual average temperature of the
coldest month in cold region is between 0~-10 .The cold
region include North China, southern Xinjiang and Tibet,
and north-south. Building should meet the region's winter
heat requirements in some areas, taking into account the
summer heat. Most towns and villages in northern cold
regions of China's lack of architectural guidance for
residential, farmers in most areas in residential
construction, the mutual competition leading to the
construction area is growing. In addition, towns and
villages still use the distributed residential heating, thermal
efficiency is very low. Residential facades, roofing and
windows and doors are still using conventional practices,
housing envelope insulation is poor, resulting in serious
waste of heating energy consumption
[2]
.
III. COLD REGIONS OF NORTHERN CHINA
VILLAGE RESIDENTIAL ENERGY ANALYSIS OF
FACTORS AFFECTING
Cold regions are long and cold and dry in winter
summer is hot and moist. Precipitation is relatively
concentrated, and annual temperature range is larger.
Sunshine is more abundant, spring and autumn are shorter,
and temperature change is dramatic. In the spring rain and
snow is rare, windy and sandstorm weather is more,
thunderstorms and hail weather is more in the summer and
autumn.
Energy saving in rural house in cold region has the
following positive aspects:


A. Urban Ecological Environment Is Good Than City,
Green and Water Resources Are Relatively Abundant
It can improve the regional environment micro-climate
through the use of natural conditions surrounding
residential. For example, appropriate arrangements for the
trees and flowers, this will not only play a role in
landscaping, and clean air, to prevent noise. It also is
building energy-saving technical measures.
At present, freshwater resources in the already very
limited circumstances, water environmental situation
remains grim, in addition to pollution, as well as the
excessive development of water and waste. Therefore,
intermediate Water System could be considered in the
design of rural house, in this system room and toilet water
can be discharged. Treated sewage water can be re-used
for flushing toilets and other green area. If more towns and
villages have so transformed the use of residential
construction, saving water resources, while protecting the
environment
[3]
.
B. More Types Of Available Renewable Energy
Currently, renewable energy sources can be used more
in rural areas, in addition to solar energy, wind energy,
biogas, straw gasification and other technologies can also
be used. It can reduce conventional energy consumption
through a variety of forms of energy utilization.
IV. THE CHOICE OF RESIDENTIAL ENERGY-
SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN RURAL HOUSE IN COLD
REGION OF NORTHERN CHINA
Envelope insulation technology, external doors and
windows energy saving, low cost shading technology,
solar energy utilization, biomass utilization and low-grade
energy utilization technology commonly used in building
energy-saving design. The towns and villages in different
climatic zones suitable for residential use of technology is
not the same. For cold weather in the northern residential
area of town features its own energy-saving technologies
should be the appropriate choice.
A. Building Climate Design
Construction of bases according to the cold climate of
northern climate characteristics, follow the basic principles
of building environmental control technology for
architectural design planning. Complexes form functional
requirements and design needs, rational organization and
handling of architectural elements. So it has a strong
ability of adaptation and adjustment without relying on air
conditioning equipment and the building. Help promote
physical and mental health to create a good external
environment for building
[4]
.
B. Improved Building Envelope Design
Building envelope include doors, windows, walls,
roofs and floors. Indoor heat is through these parts and
stairwell distributed to the outdoor. Various parts of the
heat dissipation are: accounting for 25 to 28% of the
external walls, doors and windows heat 25 to 28%, 23 ~
25% penetration of windows and doors, roof 8.1%, 10%
stair gate wall, floor 3%.
You can see the external structure of the insulation
directly affects the level of the building energy
consumption, insulation the better, the lower the energy
consumption of buildings, building are more energy-
efficient. Needed based on the cold climate of the
geographical, climatic characteristics determine the
appropriate local new energy-saving building system,
strengthening the external structure of the energy-saving
design, reducing the external structure of the heat loss
[5]
.
C. Development And Utilization Of New Energy
New energy and renewable energy with little damage
to the atmosphere and environment of the emissions, it is
mankind's survival of the ecological environment in the
clean energy, green energy, is the lack of electricity to
rural areas with their basic needs can be an important
energy resource. The use of solar energy and biomass
energy, etc., lack of energy situation in rural areas can be
eased, cutting trees Lankan chaos, destruction of grassland
vegetation of the phenomenon has been checked, the
majority of the rural ecological environment protection.
V. THE APPLICATION OF ENERGY-SAVING
TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW ENERGY IN RURAL
HOUSE IN NORTHERN COLD REGIONS
Tianjin, Ji district is the northern cold regions.
Maojiayu village in Ji district is located 16 kilometers east
of the territory Chuanfangyu town. The total area are 4443
acres of the village, of which 146 acres are farmland, 3553
acres are woodland, the village covers an area of 37 acres,
the village green rate are 38%, a total of 46 village
population are 168. Since 2005, the introduction of Japan's
Oita Prefecture, "One Village One Product" movement
experience, the village conducted unified planning and
construction. Single house design, using the "five acres of
the house," the overall concept, slopes on the ground in the
peasant way to build new houses, functional areas
constitute the "family farm house, garden , hotel ,high-
efficiency agriculture and workshop", fully reflects the
idea of building a harmonious society. To improving
farmers' living conditions at the same time, which build the
economic family platform. New building houses focus on
to retain the original ecological potential of land, planning
ahead and forward-looking, taking into account the actual
situation of development and construction, mining its rich
culture, construction of "four an environmentally-friendly"
green building, can be fully reflected sustainable
development thinking.
Through research cooperation, advanced and
applicable technologies have been developed and
integrated in Maojiayu building house, such as energy
saving, environmental protection, safety, and low cost
structure of the CS board the new system, solar / air source
heat pump hybrid system. The use of eco-pond technology,
supporting the construction of ecological wastewater
treatment system to achieve water recycling and energy
conservation, implement waste separation, collection
point, uniform outward, and large-scale cultivation of
bamboo, the overall environment of maojiayu village has
improved
[6]
.
The following energy-saving technologies and new
energy have been applied in Maojiayu residential projects.


A. The Application Of Solar Village In Maojiayu New
Residential Projects
New energy technology solar / air source heat pump
hybrid system is used for village residential building
heating, air conditioning and hot water supply, cold, heat
source equipment.
It can solve the conventional air-source heat pump in
winter defrost problem, and through the collection of solar
heat storage devices the heat balance between day and
night. The technology can overcome the traditional air-
source heat pump is only suitable for use in southern China
in the coldest winter months in northern difficult to meet
the heating load requirements of the shortcomings. The
research make air-source heat pump and solar technology
in the form of combining to form a complementary
complex heat pump system for building heating and air
conditioning, so as to achieve minimum consumption of
conventional energy, maximize the use of green, eco-
energy (solar, air low-enthalpy energy) solution building
heating and air conditioning energy consumption, in order
to achieve green building energy saving, environmental
protection and ecological balance, while meeting the high
comfort requirements. The technology has been applied in
Maojiayu new residential projects.
The technology uses the solar system to add air
conditioning running 30% of the heat load and therefore
has higher energy efficiency. At the same time, the system
also has the use of solar energy to provide hot water
function. This design takes advantage of renewable energy,
effectively reducing the energy consumption of residential
life. Solar water heating system uses a Chinese-American
scientists, Dr. Quyuzhi patent inorganic high heat pipe
collector and the New Energy Co., Ltd. Shandong Linuo
Ritter 's solar hot water system integration technology,
and which has been applied in Maojiayu Village housing
project 1 # ~4 # and 21 # floor. The model of solar
collector system is PLC58-1816, which is the use of
copper heat collector. The thermal conductivity of copper
is silver three times the speed to overcome the traditional
collectors of the sun burst, cracking, stress-free and other
defects. This system can take advantage of renewable
energy to meet the requirements of building energy
efficiency
[7]
.
B. The Application Of Biogas In Maojiayu New
Residential Project
Rural household biogas technology has considerable
room for development, is very worthy of promotion of
rural technology. As mountain and the rocks are the main
geological conditions in Maojiayu, part of the Village
residential uses a suitable compact structure of small-scale
biogas digesters of concrete masonry. It is characterized by
compact structure, small footprint; inactivity cover, high
security.
In order to facilitate comparison, a whole type of
prefabricated digesters has been applied in another part of
the Maojiayu village house, made of fiberglass. Fiberglass
digesters is unsaturated polyester resin, gel coat resin,
chopped strand mat, high quality materials such as glass
fiber cloth with the mold compound produced by the
multi-channel process is made. Pool surface gel coat resin
body ensure quality and reliability of sealing, high
strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, anti-aging,
anti-leakage characteristics. Products from the cell body,
the assembly forming part of the next two, and separate the
holes, into, and the pressure between the discharge port.
In use, this small footprint, easy laying and
construction of biogas digesters can meet quickly in
different regions, different geographical environments. In
the course of the cell body without the need for
maintenance, a lot of convenience for the users, by the
majority of farmers and friends welcome.
C. The Application Of Water Resource Saving
Processing In Maojiayu New Residential Project
Tianjin is a city of water resource-lacked. The lack of
water makes a lot of sewage water for agricultural
irrigation. Maojiayu village residential construction in
implementing the concept of sustainable development, to
how to solve the settlement sewage treatment, waste water
and solid waste reduction and resources and
harmless deal to become the key technology building
village problem. Used by the Tianjin institute of urban
construction R & D eco-pond system is a comprehensive
bio-pond and wetland plants as one of the pond-bed
system, the system of ecosystem structure and function
will apply the theory of the emergence of a new
wastewater treatment pond system development model can
be achieved in the organic wastewater contaminants and
nutrients in the food chain to maximize the degradation
and removal. In addition, the eco-pond treatment system
also to aquatic crops, cash crops and other forms of
recycling resources to achieve the recycling of sewage,
purified effluent to be reused as water resources, in line
with energy conservation, to achieve the ecological,
economic and high degree of social unity.
D. The Application Of Kang Efficient Technology In
Maojiayu New Residential Project
Kang is very important to the rural building indoor
facilities. Efficiency, energy saving, pollution-free
technology has become a heated kang building of great
concern to rural focus. Kang types are divided into three
types: traditional, or as floor-heated kang, kang-style
firewall, new kangincluding improved and elevated pre-
kang . Pre-kang overhead was applied for Maojiayu
village residential project. The heat transfer medium
pebbles are cobblestone and hot water in which, called
thermal storage type water and heated kang.
VI. CONCLUSION
To fundamentally change status of our residential
building energy and low resource efficiency, government
needs through appropriate land-efficient housing in rural
areas of ecological planning and design technology, green
building and energy-saving technologies and equipment,
renewable energy devices and supporting technologies for
residential energy-saving technology innovation and
integration of residential villages provide important
technical support for energy efficiency. And through the
promotion of energy efficiency demonstration projects to
promote the application of energy-saving technology
village residential development, to promote the new
socialist rural construction in energy conservation,
sustainable development services.



ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was funded by "Eleventh Five-Year" sub-
project of National Science and Technology Support
Program (NO 2008BAJ08B20-2)

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