Tirumalai Krishnamacharya

Krishnamacharya at 100 years (1988)

Born November 18, 1888
Chitradurga district, Mysore
Kingdom
Died February 28, 1989 (aged 100)
Madras, India
Nationality Indian
Occupation Yoga teacher
Known for The Father of Modern Yoga
Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tirumalai Krishnamacharya (November 18, 1888
February 28, 1989)
[1][2]
was an Indian yoga teacher,
ayurvedic healer and scholar. Often referred to as "The
Father of Modern Yoga,"
[3][4][5]
Krishnamacharya is
widely regarded as one of the most inuential yoga
teachers of the 20th century and is credited with the
revival of hatha yoga.
[6]
Krishnamacharya held degrees in all the six Vedic
dar!anas, or Indian philosophies. While under the
patronage of the Maharaja of Mysore, Krishna Raja
Wadiyar IV, Krishnamacharya traveled around India
giving lectures and demonstrations to promote yoga,
including such feats as stopping his heartbeat.
[7]
He is
widely considered as the architect of vinyasa,
[6]
in the
sense of combining breathing with movement. Underlying
all of Krishnamacharyas teachings was the principle
Teach what is appropriate for an individual.
[8]
While he
is revered in other parts of the world as a yogi, in India
Krishnamacharya is mainly known as a healer who drew
from both ayurvedic and yogic traditions to restore health
and well-being to those he treated.
[6]
He authored four
books on yogaYoga Makaranda (1934), Yogaasangalu
(c. 1941),
[9]
Yoga Rahasya, and Yogavalli (Chapter 1 -
1988)as well as several essays and poetic compositions.
[10]
Some of Krishnamacharya's students include many of yogas most renowned teachers: his son T. K. V.
Desikachar (born 1938), Indra Devi (18992002), his brother-in-law B. K. S. Iyengar (1918-2014), K.
Pattabhi Jois (19152009), and A. G. Mohan (born 1945).
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early life
1.2 Scholastic education
1.3 Education in yoga
1.4 Mysore years
1.5 Madras years
2 Revival of hatha yoga
3 Approach to healing
4 Approach to yoga
5 Accomplishment as a scholar
6 Works
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Biography
Early life
Krishnamacharya was born on November 18, 1888 in Muchukundapuram, situated in the Chitradurga
district of present-day Karnataka, in South India, to an orthodox Iyengar family. His parents were Sri
Tirumalai Srinivasa Tatacharya, a well-known teacher of the Vedas, and Shrimati Ranganayakiamma.
[11]
Krishnamacharya was the eldest of six children. He had two brothers and three sisters. At the age of six, he
underwent upanayana.
[12]
He then began learning to speak and write Sanskrit, from texts such as the
Amarakosha and to chant the Vedas under the strict tutelage of his father.
[2]
Krishnamacharya's father also
taught him asanas and pranayama.
When Krishnamacharya was ten, his father died,
[13]
and the family had to move to Mysore, the second
largest city in Karnataka, where Krishnamcharya's great-grandfather H.H. Sri Srinivasa Brahmatantra
Parakala Swami, was the head of the Parakala Math (there were two by that name between 1835 - 1873 CE
[14]
). In Mysore, Krishnamacharya began a more formal schooling at the Chamaraj Sanskrit College and in
the Math. He made a practice of debating on the subjects of the Shastras with the professors and visiting
Pandits.
[12]
Krishnamacharya passed his Vidvan examination in Mysore, where he had studied Vyakarana,
vedanta, and tarka.
At the age of sixteen, Krishnamacharya had a strange dream in which his ancestor, the legendary yogi and
Sri Vaishnava saint Nathamuni directed him to go to the town of Alvar Tirunagari, in the neighboring state
of Tamil Nadu. Krishnamacharya obeyed the dream and traveled there. As Krishnamacharya later told, when
he arrived at his destination, he fell into a trance and found himself in the presence of three sages. He
requested the sages to instruct him in the Yoga Rahasya, a long-lost yogic treatise by Nathamuni. One of the
sages, whom he later identied as Nathamuni himself, began reciting the text. When Krishnamacharya later
awoke from the trance, he could recall all the verses of this legendary treatise.
Scholastic education
Krishnamacharya spent much of his youth traveling through India studying the six dar!ana or Indian
philosophies: vai!e"ika, ny#ya, s#$khya, yoga, m%m#$s# and ved#nta.
[15]
In 1906, at the age of eighteen,
Krishnamacharya left Mysore to attend the university at Benares, also known as V!r!nas", a city of hundreds
of temples and a highly regarded North Indian center of traditional learning.
[16]
While at the university, he
focused his studies on logic and Sanskrit, working with Brahmashri Shivakumar Shastry, "one of the greatest
grammarians of the age".
[17]
He also learned the Mimamsa from Brahmasri Trilinga Rama Shastri.
[2]
Krishnamacharya learned tarka from Vamacarana Bhattacharya. He also forged a strong friendship with the
head of K!#i Sanskrit Vidy! P"$ha, Mah!mahop!dhy!ya Ga%g!n!th Jh!.
After leaving Benares, in 1909, Krishnamacharya returned to Mysore and studied ved#nta with the new
pontiff of Parak!la Math, H. H. Sri Krishna Brahmatantra. During this period Krishnamacharya learned to
play the v%&#, one of the most ancient stringed instruments in India. Besides Math, Krishnamacharya also
studied at the University of Mysore.
In 1914, Krishnamacharya once again left for Benares to attend classes at Queens College, where he
eventually earned a number of teaching certicates. During the rst year he had little or no nancial support
from his family. In order to eat, he followed the rules that were laid down for religious beggars: he was to
approach only seven households each day and was to offer a prayer "in return for wheat our to mix with
water for cakes".
[18]
Krishnamacharya eventually left Queens College to study the "a'dar!ana (six
darshanas) in Vedic philosophy at Patna University, in Bihar, a state in eastern India. He also received a
scholarship to study Ayurveda under Vaidya Krishnakumar of Bengal.
[2]
Krishnamacharya was invited to the coronation of the Rajah of Dikkanghat (a principality within
Darbhanga), at which he defeated a scholar called Bihari Lal in a debate, and received rewards and honors
from the Raja.
[19]
His stay in Benares lasted 11 years.
Education in yoga
During all this time Krishnamacharya continued to practice the yoga that his father had taught him as a
young boy. Krishnamacharya also studied with the yoga master Sri Babu Bhagavan Das and passed the
Samkhya Yoga Examination of Patna.
[2]
Many of Krishnamacharya's instructors recognized his outstanding
abilities in the study and practice of yoga and supported his progress. Some asked that he teach their
children.
[20]
During his vacations, which would last about three months, Krishnamacharya made pilgrimages into the
Himalayas.
[20]
At the suggestion of Ga%g!n!th Jh!, Krishnamacharya sought to further his yoga studies by
seeking a master named Yogeshwara Ramamohana Brahmachari, who was rumored to live in the mountains
beyond Nepal. For this venture, Krishnamacharya had to obtain the permission of the Viceroy in Simla, Lord
Irwin, who was then suffering from diabetes.
[20]
At the request of the Viceroy, Krishnamacharya travelled to
Simla and taught him yogic practices for six months. The viceroys health improved and he developed
respect and affection for Krishnamacharya.
[21]
In 1919, the Viceroy made arrangements for
Krishnamacharyas travel to Tibet, supplying three aides and taking care of the expenses.
After two and a half months of walking, Krishnamacharya arrived at Sri Brahmacharis school, a remote
cave at the foot of Mount Kailash, where the master lived with his wife and three children.
[6]
Under
Brahmacharis tutelage, Krishnamacharya spent seven and a half years
[22]
studying the Yoga S(tras of
Patajali, learning #sanas and pr#&#y#ma, and studying the therapeutic aspects of yoga.
[6]
He was made to
memorize the whole of the Yoga Kuruntha in the Gurkha language. As tradition holds, at the end of his
studies with the guru, Krishnamacharya asked what his payment would be. The master responded that
Krishnamacharya was to "take a wife, raise children and be a teacher of Yoga".
[23]
Krishnamacharya then returned to V!r!&as". The Mah!r!ja of Jaipur called him to serve as principal of the
Vidy! '!l! in Jaipur; but as he did not like being answerable to many people, Krishnamacharya shortly
returned to V!r!&as". In accordance with his guru's wish that he live the life of a householder,
Krishnamacharya married Namagiriamma in 1925. After his marriage, Krishnamacharya was forced by
circumstance to work in a coffee plantation in the Hasan district. It was after a lecture on the Upani(ads in
Mysore town hall in 1931 that he attract the attention as a learned scholar that eventually led to his
Krishnamacharya with his students at
the Yogashala in Jaganmohan Palace,
Mysore, 1934
[25][26]
employment at the palace.
[24]
Impressed with Krishnamacharyas knowledge as a scholar and his mastery of
yoga, Amarn!tha Jh!, the son of Ga%g!n!th Jh!, introduced Krishnamacharya to various monarchs, and he
was widely honoured by them.
Mysore years
In 1926, the Maharaja of Mysore, Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV (1884
1940) was in Varanasi to celebrate the 60th birthday of his mother
and heard about Krishnamacharya's learning and skill as a yoga
therapist.
[27]
The Maharaja met Krishnamacharya and was so
impressed by the young man's demeanor, authority, and scholarship
that he engaged Krishnamacharya to teach him and his family.
[27]
Initially, Krishnamacharya was installed to teach yoga at the Mysore
Palace.
[28]
He soon became a trusted advisor of the Maharajah, and
was given the recognition of Asthana Vidwan the intelligentsia of
the palace.
[29]
During the 1920s, Krishnamacharya held many demonstrations to
stimulate popular interest in yoga. These included suspending his
pulse, stopping cars with his bare hands, performing difcult asanas,
and lifting heavy objects with his teeth.
[6]
The Palace archive records
show that the Maharaja was interested in the promotion of yoga and
continually sent Krishnamacharya around the country to give lectures and demonstrations.
[30]
In 1931, Krishnamacharya was invited to teach at the Sanskrit College in Mysore. The Maharaja, who felt
that yoga had helped cure his many ailments, asked Krishnamacharya to open a yoga school under his
patronage
[6][31]
and was subsequently given the wing of a nearby palace, the Jaganmohan Palace, to start the
Yogashala, an independent yoga institution,
[28]
which opened on August 11, 1933.
[27][32]
In 1934, Krishnamacharya authored the book titled Yoga Makaranda, which was published by Mysore
University. In the introduction to Yoga Makaranda, Krishnamacharya lists Sritattvanidhi, a 19th-century
treatise containing a yoga section by Maharaja of Mysore, Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (17941868) as one of
the sources for his book. In The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace, Norman Sjoman asserts that
Krishnamacharya was inuenced by the Sritattvanidhi and also the Vyayama Dipika, a Western based
gymnastics manual written by the Mysore Palace gymnasts.
[33]
In 1940, Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV died and his nephew and successor, Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar (1919
1974), showed less interest in yoga and no longer provided support for publishing texts and sending teams of
teachers to surrounding areas.
[34]
Following political changes in 1946, around the time that India gained
independence, the powers of the maharajas were curtailed, a new government came into being. Funding for
the yoga school was cut off
[35]
and Krishnamacharya struggled to maintain the school. At the age of 60
(1948), Krishnamacharya was forced to travel extensively to nd students and provide for his family.
[35]
The
yogashala in Mysore was ordered to be closed by K.C. Reddy, the rst Chief Minister of Mysore State, and
the school eventually closed in 1950.
[6]
Madras years
Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
teaching a child.
Tirumalai Krishnamacharya,
demonstrating the Padma
Pincha Mayurasana pose.
After leaving Mysore, Krishnamacharya moved to Bangalore for a couple
of years
[36]
and then was invited in 1952 to relocate to Madras, the fourth
largest city in India, by a well-known lawyer who sought
Krishnamacharyas help in healing from a stroke. By now,
Krishnamacharya was in his sixties, and his reputation for being a strict
and intimidating teacher had mellowed somewhat.
In Madras, Krishnamacharya accepted a job as a lecturer at Vivekananda
College. He also began to acquire yoga students from diverse backgrounds
and in various physical conditions, which required him to adapt his
teaching to each students abilities. For the remainder of his teaching life,
Krishnamacharya continued to rene this individualized approach, which
came to be known as Viniyoga.
[6][37]
Many considered Krishnamacharya a
yoga master, but he continued to call himself a student because he felt that
he was always studying, exploring and experimenting with the
practice.
[38]
Throughout his life, Krishnamacharya refused to take credit
for his innovative teachings but instead attributed the knowledge to his guru or to ancient texts.
[6]
At the age of 96, Krishnamacharya fractured his hip. Refusing surgery, he treated himself and designed a
course of practice that he could do in bed. Krishnamacharya lived and taught in Chennai until he slipped into
a coma and died in 1989, at one hundred years of age. His cognitive faculties remained sharp until his death;
and he continued to teach and heal whenever the situation arose.
Revival of hatha yoga
Although his knowledge and teaching has inuenced yoga throughout the
world, Krishnamacharya never left his native India over the course of his
life. As Yoga Journal described in an article titled, "The Legacy of
Krishnamacharya," "You may never have heard of him but Tirumalai
Krishnamacharya inuenced or perhaps even invented your yoga. Whether
you practice the dynamic series of Pattabhi Jois, the rened alignments of
B.K.S. Iyengar, the classical postures of Indra Devi, or the customized
vinyasa of Viniyoga, your practice stems from one source: a ve-foot, two-
inch Brahmin born more than one hundred years ago in a small South Indian
village."
[6]
By developing and rening different approaches,
Krishnamacharya made yoga accessible to millions around the world.
[6]
Approach to healing
Krishnamacharya was not only a yoga instructor but also a physician of Ayurvedic medicine. He possessed
enormous knowledge of nutrition, herbal medicine, the use of oils, and other remedies.
[39]
Krishnamacharyas custom as an Ayurvedic practitioner was to begin by conducting a detailed examination
to determine the most efcient path to take for a patient. For example, he would take the patients pulse,
examine the color of the skin, and listen to the quality of the breath. During the time of diagnosis,
Krishnamacharya would look for what upset or hindered the harmonious union of the body, mind, and
spirit.
[40]
According to Krishnamacharya, even though the source or focus of a disease is in a particular
area of the body, he assumed that many other systems in the body, both mental and physical, but also be
affected. At some point during or after an initial examination, Krishnamacharya would ask if the patient was
Tirumalai
Krishnamacharya in
Svastikasana.
willing to follow his guidance. This question was important to a patients treatment, because
Krishnamacharya felt that if the person could not trust him fully there was little chance of his or her being
healed.
[41]
Once a person began seeing Krishnamacharya, he would work with him or her on a number of levels
including adjusting their diet; creating herbal medicines; and setting up a series of yoga postures that would
be most benecial. When instructing a person on the practice of yoga, Krishnamacharya particularly stressed
the importance of combining breath work (pranayama) with the postures (asanas) of yoga and meditation
(dhyana) to reach the desired goal.
[42]
He would continue to see the person approximately once a week to
monitor the progress until he or she was healed.
Approach to yoga
Krishnamacharya believed Yoga to be Indias greatest gift to the world.
[43]
His
yoga instruction reected his conviction that yoga could be both a spiritual
practice and a mode of physical healing.
[44]
Krishnmamacharya based his
teachings on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali and the Yoga Yajnavalkya. Whereas
Krishnamacharya was deeply devoted to Vaishnavism, he also respected his
students varying religious beliefs, or nonbeliefs.
[45]
A former student recalls that
while leading a meditation, Krishnamacharya instructed students to close their
eyes and think of God. If not God, the sun. If not the sun, your parents.
[6]
As a
result of the teachings he received from his father and other instructors,
Krishnamacharya approached every student as absolutely unique,
[46]
in the
belief that the most important aspect of teaching yoga was that the student be
taught according to his or her individual capacity at any given time.
[47]
For
Krishnamacharya, this meant that the path of yoga would mean different things
for different people and that each person should be taught in a manner that he or she understand clearly.
[48]
Accomplishment as a scholar
Krishnamacharya was highly regarded as a scholar. He earned degrees in philosophy, logic, divinity,
philology, and music.
[6][49]
He was twice offered the position of Acharya in the Srivaishnava sampradaya,
but he declined in order to stay with his family, in accordance with his gurus wishes.
[6]
He also had extensive knowledge of orthodox Hindu rituals. His scholarship in various darshanas of
orthodox Indian philosophy earned him titles such as S#$khya-yoga-!ikh#ma&i, M%m#$s#-ratna, M%m#$s#-
th%rtha, Ny#y#c#rya, Ved#ntav#g%!a, Veda-kesari and Yog#c#rya.
[50]
Works
Books on yoga:
[51]
1. Yoga Makaranda (1934)
2. Yogaasanagalu (c. 1941)
3. Yoga Rahasya
4. Yogavalli (Chapter 1 - 1988)
Other works (essays and poetic compositions):
[52]
1. Yogaanjalisaaram
2. Disciplines of Yoga
3. Effect of Yoga Practice
4. Importance of Food and Yoga in Maintaining Health
5. Verses on Methods of Yoga Practice
6. Essay on Asana and Pranayama
7. Madhumeha (Diabetes)
8. Why Yoga as a Therapy Is Not Rising
9. Bhagavad Gita as a Health Science
10. Ayurveda and Yoga: An Introduction
11. Questions and Answers on Yoga (with students in July 1973)
12. Yoga: The Best Way to Remove Laziness
13. Dhyana (Meditation) in Verses
14. What Is a Sutra?
15. Kundalini: Essay on What Kundalini Is and Kundalini Arousal (sakti calana) Based on Texts Like
the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita, and Yoga Yajnavalkya
16. Extracts from Raja Yoga Ratnakara
17. Need for a Teacher
18. Satvika Marga (The Sattvic Way; philosophy/spiritual/yoga)
19. Reference in Vedas to Support Vedic Chanting for Women (philosophy/technical)
20. Fourteen Important Dharmas (philosophy)
21. Cit Acit Tatva Mimamsa (philosophy)
22. Sandhya-saaram (ritual) Catushloki (four verses on Sankaracharya)
23. Kumbhakonam Address (catalog) Sixteen Samskaras (rituals)
24. Mantra Padartha Tatva Nirnaya (rituals)
25. Ahnika Bhaskaram (rituals)
26. Shastreeya Yajnam (rituals)
27. Vivaaha (marriage rituals)
28. Asparsha Pariharam (rituals)
29. Videsavaasi Upakarma Nirnaya (rituals)
30. Sudarshana Dundubhi (devotional)
31. Bhagavat Prasadam (devotional)
32. Narayana Paratva (devotional)
33. About Madras (miscellaneous)
Notes
1. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 125.
2. ^
a

b

c

d

e
http://www.kym.org/tkrish.html
3. ^ "Krishnamacharya - Father of Modern Yoga" (http://yoga.about.com/od/typesofyoga/p/Krishnamacharya.htm).
About.com. July 15, 2011. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
4. ^ "Memories of a Master" (http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/2590). YogaJournal.com. Retrieved October 10,
2011.
5. ^ "The YJ Interview: Partners in Peace" (http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/2605). YogaJournal.com. Retrieved
October 10, 2011.
6. ^
a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o
Ruiz 2001.
7. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 7.
8. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 38.
9. ^ Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice (Kindle Edition ed.). USA: Oxford
University Press. p. Kindle Locations 31623163. ISBN 978-0195395341.
10. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, pp. 128130.
11. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 1.
12. ^
a

b
http://aysnyc.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=37
13. ^ Pierce, Martin (JanuaryFebruary 1988). "A Lion in Winter". Yoga Journal: 6162.
14. ^ http://www.parakalamatham.org/taxonomy/term/11
15. ^ http://www.kheper.net/topics/eastern/6darshanas.htm.
16. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 2.
17. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 38
18. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 40.
19. ^ http://aysnyc.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=184
20. ^
a

b

c
Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 3.
21. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, pp. 3-4.
22. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 5.
23. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p.44
24. ^ Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
p. 273. ISBN 978-0-19-539535-8. p. 197
25. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 52
26. ^ Krishnamacharya, Tirumalai (1934). Yoga Makaranda. Mysore University.
27. ^
a

b

c
Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 87
28. ^
a

b
Sjoman, N.E. (1999). The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace (2nd ed.). New Delhi, India: Abhinav
Publications. p. 52. ISBN 81-7017-389-2.
29. ^ Iyengar, B.K.S. (2000). Astadala Yogamala. New Delhi, India: Allied Publishers. p. 53. ISBN 978-8177640465.
30. ^ Sjoman, N.E. (1999). The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace (2nd ed.). New Delhi, India: Abhinav Publications.
p. 53. ISBN 81-7017-389-2.
31. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 6.
32. ^ Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice (Kindle Edition ed.). USA: Oxford
University Press. p. Kindle Locations 34813482. ISBN 978-0195395341.
33. ^ Cushman, Anne. "Yoga Through Time" (http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/466). Yoga Journal.
34. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 94
35. ^
a

b
Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 96
36. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 101
37. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, pp. 38-43.
38. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 104
39. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 124
40. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 129
41. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 131
42. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 111
43. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 123
44. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., The Heart of Yoga, p. xviii
45. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, p. 107.
46. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 20
47. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., Health, Healing, & Beyond, p. 22
48. ^ Desikachar, T. K. V., The Heart of Yoga, p. xix
49. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, pp. 3-5.
50. ^ http://archives.chennaionline.com/Personality/art012.asp
51. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, pp. 128129.
52. ^ Mohan, Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings, pp. 129130.
References
Desikachar, T.K.V. & Cravens, R.H. Health, Healing & Beyond : Yoga and the living tradition of
Krishnamacharya. Aperture, 1998. ISBN 0-89381-941-7
Mohan, A. G. (2010). Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings. Boston: Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-
59030-800-4.
Ruiz, Fernando Pags. "Krishnamacharya's Legacy." (http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/465)
YogaJournal.com and Yoga Journal, May/June 2001.
Documentaries and lms
Dars, Jean-Franois (Director); Papillault, Anne (Director) (1989). Hundred Years of Beatitude
(http://videotheque.cnrs.fr/doc=604?langue=EN) (Documentary). CNRS.
Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodiyar (Sponsor) (1938). T. Krishnamacharya Asanas
(http://www.asia.si.edu/explore/yoga/youtube.asp?id=krishnamacharya) (Film).
Schmidt-Garre, Jan (Director) (2012). Breath of the Gods: A Journey to the Origins of Modern Yoga (Documentary).
PARS Media.
External links
Yoga Makaranda (Part 1) (http://www.yogastudies.org/wp-content/uploads/Yoga_Makaranda.pdf)
Yoga Makaranda (Part 2) (http://www.scribd.com/doc/113336544/Yoga-Makaranda-Part-2)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya&oldid=623787204"
Categories: Indian centenarians 1888 births 1989 deaths Indian yogis Indian yoga teachers
People from Chennai People from Chitradurga People from Mysore
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