Design of interaction cavity for 42 GHz, 200 kW CW/Long Pulse Gyrotron

Hasina Khatun, Udaybir Singh, Nitin Kumar, A Bera, R R Rao and Ashok K Sinha
Gyrotron Laboratory, Microwave Tube Area
Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI, CSIR)
Pilani, Rajasthan, INDIA-333031
shamina_seikh@yahoo.com , aksinha@ceeri.ernet.in


Abstract: A weakly tapered interaction cavity has been
designed to excite TE
03
operation mode at the
fundamental harmonic number for 42 GHz, 200 kW
gyrotron. A software code GCAVSYN has been developed
to synthesize cavity geometry and selection of operating
mode. The cold cavity analysis and beam-wave
interaction were carried out using commercially available
PIC code MAGIC. An axial output power above 200 kW
has been achieved at guiding cavity magnetic field 1.61 T.
Keywords: Gyrotron; interaction cavity; limiting
current; voltage depression; wall loss.
Introduction
Gyrotron oscillators are high-power sources which
produce coherent cyclotron radiation in the millimeter and
sub millimeter regions. A 42 GHz 200 kW continous
wave output power gyrotron is being to be developed for
electron cyclotron resonance plasma heating for the
Indian TOKAMAK system. A conceptual design of triode
type magnetron injection gun (MIG) for 42 GHz gyrotron
operating at fundamental cyclotron frequency was
presented in IVEC-08 [1].
The gyrotron operating in lower order modes significantly
reduces the complication by providing better isolation
from competing modes [2]. The mode selection is
carefully studied with the aim of minimizing mode
competition and restricting the excitation of undesired
modes in the cavity as well as to obtain a desired power
level. GCAVSYN code has been developed to synthesize
cavity geometry and analysis for selection of modes [3].
The parameters such as cavity radius, beam radius,
limiting current, voltage depression and wall loss were
obtained for different modes. After evaluating above
parameters, TE
03
has been selected as the optimized
operating mode.
The gyrotron cavity geometry has been modeled,
simulated and finally designed using the self-consistent
particle-in-cell (PIC) code MAGIC [4]. We presented a
detail design study of 42 GHz gyrotron cavity, which
indicates that the operation of such a gyrotron is possible
with a power of 200 kW at 30% efficiency approximately.
Cavity Design
For operation in the TE
mn
mode, the cavity radius and
beam radius have been calculated for operating frequency
Table 1. Design parameters of weakly tapered
interaction cavity for 42 GHz, 200kW gyrotron.
Frequency 42 GHz
Output power 200 kW
Beam voltage 65 kV
Beam current 10 A
Modulating anode voltage 29 kV
Cavity Radius 11.6 mm
Beam radius 6.06 mm
Uniform section of cavity 44 mm
Operating mode TE
03
Velocity ratio 1.4
Magnetic field 1.61 T
Estimated wall loss 0.049 kW/cm
2


Figure 2. Out put power w. r. t time for gyrotron
oscillator operates at TE
03
mode and 42 GHz.
42 GHz. Based upon three important selection parameters
i.e. voltage depression, limiting current and wall loss, few
modes are capable for oscillation in the cavity at the given
set of input parameters [5]. Further based on technical
constraints of beam metal wall gap and voltage depression
at the second radial maxima, TE
03
has been selected as the
operating mode.
The design parameters for the fundamental operation of
the 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron is given in Table I. The 3-
dimensional MAGIC code is appropriate for analyzing the
symmetric TE
03
mode and temporal evolution of the

9781-4244-3501-2/09/$25.00 2009 IEEE















Figure 3. Output power w. r. t guiding magnetic field
for TE
03
at 42 GHz.
azimuthal beam wave interaction. The cold cavity
analysis illustrates the eigenmode, the eigenfrequency and
the electric field profile for TE
03
mode. The axial
distribution of the wave electric field in the tapered cavity
resembling the Gaussian profile. An electron beam posses
all the desire beam properties has been launched at the
second radial maxima of the input taper entrance for beam
wave interaction simulation. The same beam interacts
with normalized RF field profile while propagates across
the cavity and terminates on the other end wall. The code
is run using the Maxwell CENTERED algorithm at
confined magnetic field. Figure 1 shows output power
profile w. r. t time, achieving the steady state after 100 ns
of the start operation. The calculated output power
strongly depends upon guiding magnetic field of the
interaction cavity as shown in figure 2. The above
mention figures provide evidence of the possible output














power well above 200 kW at approximately 30%
efficiency.
Conclusion
At 42 GHz, only mode within the technical constraint is
TE
03
and selected as an operating mode. Simulated results
show maximum output power is 305 kW at confined
magnetic field of 1.61 T, beam voltage 65 kV and beam
current 10A. In addition, sensitivity analysis is also
carried out for fabrication tolerance of tapered interaction
structure.
Acknowledgement
We are pleased to acknowledge the support of Director,
CEERI Pilani. The authors also wish to thank Dr. S N
Joshi, for encouragement of this work and team members
of gyrotron for helpful discussion. Thanks are also due to
DST for funding this project and CSIR for awarding SRF
to Ms. Hasina Khatun.
References
1. A Bera, Udaybir Singh, RR Rao and AK Sinha,
Design of MIG for 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron,
IVEC-2008, Monterey, USA.
2. Greogory S. Nusinovich, Introduction to the Physics
of Gyrotron. Maryland: JHU, USA, 2004.
3. H Khatun, RR Rao, AK Sinha and SN Joshi,
Computation of Start Oscillation Current in a
Gyrotron, Microwave-2008, Jaipur, India.
4. MAGIC User Mannual: 2007 version of Magic 3D,
ATK Mission Research, Washington.
5. AK Sinha and SN Joshi, Progress report for design
review meeting: Design and development of 200 KW
CW/long pulse 42 GHz gyrotron, Technical reports,
MTRDC, Bangalore, India, Feb 2008.



0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1.605 1.61 1.615 1.62 1.625 1.63
Guiding Magnetic Field (T)
O
u
t
p
u
t

P
o
w
e
r

(
k
W
)