CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Income is one of the important sustenance of every family in the society which sustains
daily need. Lack of educational background is one of the reasons why some of people dont get a
formal job. Our research focused residents of Barangay. 662 Zone 7, District V Paco, Manila which
unemployed, seasonal workers and chosen mothers whos in need when it comes income
generation. Livelihood programs is one of the basic solution of government to lessen the poverty in
some barangay, it explain the importance of livelihood and apply it in our daily lives.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Philippine government facing a rapid growth of population today and as the population
increase, number of poor people suffering from starvation also increases. One of the causes is
poverty; poverty is general scarcity or dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of
material possessions or money. Absolute poverty refers to the deprivation of basic human needs,
which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care and education. As
the Philippines have a financially limited resources and a high poverty rate, the rapid increase in
population has become a problem because there is insufficient resources to support the population,
which leaves much fewer resources to improve the economy. Another cause is unemployment; it is
one of the major concerns of local government units. Over the years, the fast rising increased in
population have created poverty everywhere most especially in the depressed area. Non
Government Organization, Peoples Organization, through the help of financial institutions and
expert in sustainable development often tried to initiate livelihood projects and programs but only
small percentage succeeded. Mostly, the cause of failure of projects and programs was the
marketing aspect. They taught how to do and produce but they disregarded the concept of how
and where to sell the produced products.
Various government units, agencies, civic and business organizations have continued
initiated steps to solve the ever-growing problems of accumulation. However, they can do only so
much in solving the problem due to their own limitations and the people who only take advantage
of what they can get simply but not for long term gain.
In 2009, Unilever Philippines in partnership with the City of Manila and Non-Government
organization (NGO) Kabisig ng Kalahi- launched the Sachet Livelihood Program. The program is
aimed not only at realizing solutions to the growing pollution problems but also at giving livelihood
opportunities to the underprivileged. And the women (mothers) of Barangay Cristobal, Paco Manila
were fortunate to become pioneering members who, under the program, were educated on how to
generate income out of recycling scraps of waste products (non-biodegradable materials) and
producing saleable new product. The program aims to enable the participants to manage livelihood
program or link them to locally available jobs that enhance their access to basic social services and
improve their standard of living.
The study is under the Republic Act 9509 section 4, Establishment of Livelihood and Skills
Training-A livelihood and skills training center, hereinafter referred to as the Center, Shall be
established in every fourth, fifth and six class municipalities: Provided that other municipalities shall
be covered by this act upon determination of the national Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), taking
into account the municipalitys population density and demographic status, poverty incidence,
income class, level of economic development, employment and productivity levels, abundance of
raw materials which have potential for commercial production, and the availability of existing
livelihood skills training programs and services.
By understanding the concept of Livelihood Program we can better understand how we
and others react to challenge in all aspects of our lives.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The study is based on Allen and Thomas (2002) theories causes for unemployment, which
corresponds most closely to this research. First is Over Population The World cannot provide
enough jobs to absorb the increasing numbers of unemployed seeking to have work. Second is
Over Urbanization if only people move back to the land, problems of unemployment would
decrease. Third is the Inappropriate Technology - Pure investment in large scale capital intensive
enterprises. Fourth, is Inappropriate Education- Too many schools, leavers with high expectations
who shun lower level, casual and manual work and thus make themselves candidates for
unemployment. In case of poverty through the comprehensive and integrated delivery of social
studies that was the community participation which they also felt to participate since the residents
were not able to leave their jobs and small children. In a comprehensive Poverty Alleviation
Program like (CIDSS) or Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Studies Services where
many elements are required to move and to act together so as to achieve desired results, it is most
of important to build the capabilities and awareness of program implementers and prepare them to
assume task ahead.
The Abraham Maslow theory is based on Human Motivation which also known as
Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. The theory explained human developmental psychology,
some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow used the terms
Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization and Self-
Transcendence needs to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through.
Motivation theory which suggests five interdependent levels of basic human needs (motivators)
that must be satisfied in a strict sequence starting with the lowest level. Physiological needs for
survival (to stay alive and reproduce) and security (to feel safe) are the most fundamental and most
pressing needs. They are followed by social needs (for love and belonging) and self-esteem needs
(to feel worthy, respected, and have status). The final and highest level needs are self-
actualization needs (self-fulfillment and achievement). Its underlying theme is that human beings
want' beings: as they satisfy one need the next emerges on its own and demands satisfaction ...
and so on until the need for self-actualization that, by its very nature, cannot be fully satisfied and
thus does not generate more needs. This theory states that once a need is satisfied, it stops being
a motivator of human beings. People motivated to establish a livelihood to meet their daily needs.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Livelihood Program is a way to improve understanding of the livelihood of poor people,
unemployed, uneducated, underprivileged and the chosen mothers. This places, particularly urban
people, at the center of a web of inter-related influences that affect how these people help each
other trained and create livelihood. Closest to the people at the centre of this framework are the
resources and livelihoods assets that they have access to and use. These can include
technologies, their skills, knowledge and capacity, their health, access to education, sources of
credit or their networks of social support the area covered by of their access to these assets is
strongly influenced by their vulnerability context which takes account of trends (for example
economic, political, technological), shocks (for example epidemics, natural disaster, civil strife) and
seasonality (for example prices, production, employment, opportunities). Access is also influenced
by the prevailing social, institutional and political environment, which affect the ways in which
people combine and use their assets to achieve their goals.
By the implementation of Republic Act 9509 entitled Barangay Livelihood and Skills Act of
2008 and the process of conducting surveys, questionnaires and interview the respondents of
Barangay Cristobal. The possible outcomes of this study are the following: It will ensure
sustainable financial/money practices and saving habit. It will enhance quality of life through better
access of essential training services. It will lessen the number of poor person. Better acceptance,
empowerment and respect from the society especially for women. And provide solution and
answering problems met by the participants regarding to the livelihood program activity.
PARADIGM OF THE STUDY
Socio-Demographic Profile Process Output













1. What is the Demographic
profile of the respondents in
terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Civil Status
1.4 Educational Attainment
1.5 Employment Status
1.6 Number of Years Residing
at Barangay
2. Implementation of Republic
Act 9509
Beneficiaries
2.1 Mothers that enrolled in
MKC Program
2.2Uneducated/Unemployed
Process of Survey
Questionnaires
Interview
1. Ensured
sustainable financial/
money practices and
saving habit.
2. Empowerment and
respect from the
society especially for
women.
3. Providing solution
and answering
problems met by the
participants regarding
to the livelihood
program activity.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study focused to the livelihood program implemented in Barangay 662 Zone 71 in Paco,
Manila. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the Socio-Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Civil Status
4. Educational Attainment
5. Employment Status
6. No. of Years Residing at Barangay
2. How the Livelihood Program sustain the daily needs of the mothers in barangay 662 in
Paco Manila.
3. What is the effect of the Livelihood program in society especially to the mothers.
4. What are the problems met in the livelihood program activity in terms of:
4.1 Cleanliness
4.2 Location
4.3 Security
4.4 Maintenance of Safety

5. What are the problems encountered while implementing this livelihood in terms of:

5.1 Effectiveness

5.2 Sustainability

5.3 Proficiency

HYPOTHESIS
Ho= There is no significant relationship between the implementation on livelihood and training skills
program to barangay 662, Zone 71, District V, Paco, Manila.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The Objective of the study is to sustain the implemented Livelihood Program in Barangay 662,
Zone 71, District V, Paco, Manila, Masiglang Kabuhayan ng Cristobal.
To determine if the livelihood program is properly coordinated and implemented
To clarify if the implemented program helped to enhance the personality of the
respondents.
To ensure that the livelihood programs are available to barangay community.
One of the objectives of our research is to serve as guidelines for the future researchers.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The Republic Act No.9509 entitled "Barangay Livelihood and Skills Act of 2008" a law
formulated to develops, executes, coordinates a livelihood plan and economic development
programs and to promote the diffusion and more equitable distribution of opportunities, income and
wealth across the provinces, cities and municipalities in the country. It is important that the readers
of this research to understand the significance of the study to ensure the development of the
barangay but all the Philippine Community not only for today but also for future purposes.
The study shall be beneficial to the following:
National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) This will help National Anti-Poverty
Commission to give knowledge in taking into account the municipality's population density and
demographic status, poverty incidence, income class, level of economic development, employment
and productivity levels, abundance of raw materials which have potential for commercial production,
and the availability and accessibility of existing livelihood skills training programs and services.
City Government of Manila It will help the City Government of Manila for them to know
what possible conditions inside the jurisdiction area and support them to generate seminars about
livelihood and skills training such as development of practical skills for home-based, viable income
generating projects such as backyard gardening, aquaculture and livestock raising, and other
respondents that make use of the available resources within the community.
The Constituents of Barangay 662, Zone 71 of the 5th District of Manila The study
will help the constituents in the said Barangays to give them information to enhance their
knowledge and skills on business development services such as product design and development,
marketing and promotions, basic entrepreneurial management, financial literacy, organizational
development and other such trainings, community participation skills development to promote and
advance the barangay residents' awareness and application of community mobilization approaches,
cooperative systems and techniques to create livelihood opportunities, and participatory
implementation of livelihood programs and projects.
The Chosen Mothers of Barangay 662, Zone 71 of the 5th District of Manila Through
the implementation of livelihood program they chose housewives helped how to generate income
out of recycling scraps of waste products and producing saleable new product.
The Researchers The study aims to help the researchers to gain knowledge and
information about implemented livelihood program and to know how the barangay handle these
kinds of programs and other related problems regarding this research.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The Livelihood Program covered only the residents of Barangay 662, located in Paco,
Manila which provide different Livelihood activities including sewing, wrapping and cutting of
materials needed. The researcher identified the benefits of livelihood program for both mothers and
their family such as extra income and increase self-esteem.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The researchers identified important words used to understand and give the conceptual
and operational definition of terms.

TERMS CONCEPTUAL OPERATIONAL


Barangay
formerly called barrio, is the
smallest administrative division in the
Philippines and is the native Filipino term
for a village, district or ward. In colloquial
usage, the term often refers to an inner
cityneighbourhood, a suburb or a suburban
neighborhood


Implementation
is the carrying out, execution, or practice of
a plan, a method, or any design for doing
something. As such, implementation is the
action that must follow any preliminary
thinking in order for something to actually
happen.





Livelihood
A set of activities, involving securing water,
food, fodder, medicine, shelter, clothing and
the capacity to acquire above necessities
working either individually or as a group by
using endowments (both human and
material) for meeting the requirements of
the self and his/her household on a
sustainable basis with dignity. The activities
are usually carried out repeatedly.


RA 9509
This law establishes livelihood and skills
training centers in the fourth, fifth and sixth
class municipalities to open employment
opportunities, combat poverty and improve
the quality of life of Filipinos.

Program A plan of things that are done in order to
achieve a specific result.

Masiglang Kabuhayan
ng Cristobal
Is a livelihood program in Cristobal
established by Chairwoman in partnership
of Uniliver.


Skills
A skill is the learned ability to carry out a
task with pre-determined results often
within a given amount of time, energy, or
both


Training
The instruction and practice of particular
skill
Is the acquisition of knowledge, skills,
and competencies as a result of the
teaching of vocational or practical skills and
knowledge that relate to specific useful
competencies.








CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
This chapter discusses the relationship from previous local and foreign related literatures
and studies and also the importance of the study to Barangay 662, Zone 71, District V, Paco,
Manila.
LEGAL BASIS
Republic Act No. 9509 Barangay Livelihood and Skills Act of 2008
Section 3
(a) To promote and support the establishment and maintenance of livelihood and skills
training centers in every fourth, fifth and sixth class municipalities;
(b) To ensure that all livelihood and skills training being offered by the government are
properly coordinated and implemented at the municipal and barangay levels;
(c) To ensure that available livelihood and skills training are made available to barangay
communities that need the most help from the government;
(d) To ensure that the training needs of barangay communities based on local
development plans are properly identified and adequately provided;
Section 4
A livelihood and skills training center, hereinafter referred to as the "Center", shall be
established in every fourth, fifth and sixth class municipalities: Provided, That other municipalities
shall be covered by this Act upon determination of the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC),
taking into account the municipality's population density and demographic status, poverty incidence,
income class, level of economic development, employment and productivity levels, abundance of
raw materials which have potential for commercial production, and the availability and accessibility
of existing livelihood skills training programs and services.
LOCAL RELATED LITERATURE
Martinez (2001) said that training is a system. Its components are training needs, training
objectives, the lessons and contents and activities contained the training design; the trainers or
facilities and resources persons; the learner or participants, training strategies, methodologies,
techniques and facilitating skills; learning aids; learning implementations; training evaluation;
training facilities like equipment, vehicles, the venue, the lodging place, the supplies and materials
to be given that the absence of one component affects the whole. Some of the components
mentioned maybe done away but the basic components need to be present to make the training
system work.
The basic components include the training objectives, the contents of the trainers, the trainers
and the methodologies with the learning aid or materials. All training sources should have an
objectives, lesson or contents that would respond have an objectives; methodologies to transfer
the learning required learning aids to facilitate the transfer, learners to benefit from activity and
trainers to do transferring of learning and manage the activity.
Training for rural gainful economic activities that move away from center - base pre -
packaging training essentially aimed at wage employment in rural areas. Records show that in
early 1999, several training programs were conducted either by academe Manpower Training
Centers and other NGO initiated programs, but the impact in terms of employment and income is
rather modest.
Training must not be pre-packaged. Instead, an assessment in extensive training must be
conducted at the community level, to ensure that the trainings directly linked to formal employment
or income-generating activities in the community, which have been identified to hold potential for
employment creation.
Reyes (2000) stated that the rural development is also traditional area of concern of non-
government organization (NGO). Today, no less than the constitution encourage the participation
of NGO in national rural development services throughout the country.
Non-government, private and voluntary, organizations (NGO) has an extremely valuable role
to play in technology packaging and technology transfer and is committed to the task of socio-
economic development and is established primarily for services. The most vital link in rural
development technological innovation is the demonstrated considerable success in the livelihood
projects.
Fadrilin (1997) says that in the Philippines, more important opportunities in non-formal
Education training activities may be provided to the greater portion of adult population as well as
large number of young school leavers. He stressed that non-formal training plays a significant role
in the development of an individual.
He took he exemption of the fact that non-formal education has never been extensively
examined in the past nearly no dearth or reliable information on how effective the system is formal
education in the development of the individual. However, he reiterated that they were number of
educationalists who agree that non-formal can be both a compliment and substitute to formal
education in human resources development.
Fadrilin in the same article bewailed that the tragic failure of the schools in train people to the
level of adequate employability. He said that while a great number of the people acquired formal
education, they cannot be employed not because there are no individual jobs but because they do
not have the skills needed by the industries. This he said, the Philippines with large number of
unemployed in its labor force and as a developing society, it becomes imperative for the country
that more opportunities in non-formal education to be a great portion of the adult population as well
as the large number of young readers. He maintained that non-formal education, by its nature, is
the type of education that can be easily reached those who most likely have a limited access to
school.
Camacho (2000), underscore the significant of the quality leadership attaining success in the
implementation of programs and projects. He cited (3) essentials of leadership role: (1) interest in
successful achievement of goals: (2) sustained efforts in goal achievement, and (3) desire for
professional and technical know-how.
She however believes that for the effective community education, such essentials of
leadership be coupled with intelligence, integrity, systematic planning and diligence. According to
Oxeman (2002), too often, policy for vocational education in developing countries has only
concerned itself with a literate minority within the labor force. According to Medina (2002), the
recovery material from waste represents an important survival strategy for disadvantaged
populations throughout the developing world. This paper purpose a typology of public policies
towards scavengers, argues that scavenging activities should be supported, and analyzed recent
experiences on the formation of scavenger cooperatives as a means to promote grassroots
development in their communities. It also examined the use of appropriate technology, and
suggests ways in which scavengers could be incorporated into formal waste management program.
LOCAL RELATED STUDIES
4This study helps to widen that view. From the perspective of "education for all" and "lifelong
education", the report examines efforts to combine vocational training with literacy education, to
enable a very poor, illiterate labor force, especially rural women, to develop more productive
livelihoods and increasingly active roles in transforming their families and communities. The aim is
to assess whether and how official policy should support such efforts. Based on documentary
evidence from several countries, particularly Guinea, Kenya, Senegal and Uganda, the report
suggest that vocational education policy should encompass out-of-school, and illiterate youth and
adults, but to be effective would require gradualism, decentralization, capacity building, flexibility,
and components of savings, credit, and enterprise development.
Mendoza and Alonzo (1998), the poor provide managerial approaches for development
professionals to teach the poor people to manage themselves and then leaves them alone. At first,
in encouraging people's participation is clarifying specification with respects to the range of
variations within the categories. The poor have been identified located in geographic, ecological
and socioeconomic space. Finally people must have been identified in terms of local household to
ensure men and women, youths, infants; preschool children, the aged etc are included.
Seligman and Ortigas (2000) claims that psychological explanations are set aside when
economic and social explanations are apparent. Economic, political or social factors can only have
effects via psychological mediators. Considering the state of the nation's poor, it is not surprising
that development profoundly disturb health workers.
People need support from the government by encouraging and helping the community
members to improve and establish how to manage their own business enterprises and giving
priority low-income families in the identification of livelihood program beneficiaries.
Madlang (2002), conducted a study on the implementation of non-formal education in the
district of Luna 1 and 2, division of La Union where she made the recommendations that intensive
should be given to teachers coordinators. Likewise, the teachers handling non-formal education
services, school officials should extend the whole hearted support and cooperation to the program
and service training should be offered to those undertake the implementation of the programs and
projects.
According to the study, without incentives offered to the teachers or coordinators to handle the
non-formal education activities will any way boast the morale teaches.
Wilson (2006) stated that many thousands of people in developing country cities depend on
recycling materials from waste for their livelihoods. With the focus of the Millennium Development
Goals on poverty reduction, and waste strategies on improving recycling rates, one of the major
challenges of the solid waste management on developing countries is how best to work with
informal sector to improve their livelihoods, working condition and efficiency.
The general characteristics of informal recycling are reviewed, highlighting both positive and
negative aspects. Despite the health and socials problems associated with informal recycling, it
provides significant economic benefits that need to be retained. Experience shows that it can be
highly counterproductive to establish new formal waste recycling system without taking into
account informal systems that already exist. The preferred option is to integrate the informal sector
into waste management planning, building on their practices and experience, while working to
improve efficiency and the living and working conditions of those involved. Issues associated with
integrating informal recycling into the formal waste management sector are discussed.
Medina (1987), said that the risks associated with healthcare waste and its management has
gained attention across the world in various events, local and international forums and summits.
However, the need for proper healthcare waste management has been gaining recognition slowly
due to the substantial disease burdens associated with poor practices, including exposure to
infectious agents and toxic substances. Despite the magnitude of the problem, practices,
capabilities and policies in many countries in dealing with healthcare waste disposal, especially
developing nations, is inadequate and requires intensification. This paper looks upon aspects to
drive improvements. The paper places recommendation based on a 12 country study reflecting the
current status the paper does not advocate for any complex technology but calls for changes in
mindset of all concerned stakeholders and identifies five important aspects for serious
consideration. Understanding the role of governments and healthcare facilities, the paper also
outlines three keys areas for prioritize action for both parties budget support, developing policies
and legislation and technology and knowledge management.

FOREIGN RELATED LITERATURE
According to Lewich (1992) pointed out that poverty is concern to the relationship between
the minimum of the people and their ability to satisfy their needs. The approach taken by the
government is essentially first to determine a minimum food budget. Second, three multiplies the
cost of food budget because the cost of food represents about 1/3 of consumers spending patterns.
Shumacher (1979) stated that for a man to survive he has to work. There is no other way,
man has to learn to work, and he must know the internalized essence of work which is
interconnected. He also stated that the purpose of mans work is produced necessary useful goods
and services, to enable as to use the perfect of our gifts and skills and reserve to collaborate with
the other people building egocentricity.
Huang (1995) strongly believes that leaders of any organization should encourage their
men to more productivity, and designs a system utilize the resources of the organizations interests.
The purpose to raise their work motivation and to mobilize their personal resources for producing
product that meet the needs of the local market.
Woods and Helleiner (2000) Economics inequality reinforces by social barriers make it
especially difficult for people to move out of poverty. When social distinctions between groups are
used as perpetuate in access the material resources. Sustained and support for policy and
institutional environment that are strongly conductive to poverty reduction and growth.
According to Akmal (1994) there are two paradigms like the top-down delivery paradigm
and the participatory development context. The first paradigm sees development as a set of
projects, which deliver as a basket for goods or services.
FOREIGN RELATED STUDIES
Juvan and Jamig (1999) said that the constraint in combating the poverty through the
comprehensive in integrated delivery of social studies that was the community participation which
they also felt to participate since the residents were not able to leave their job and small children. In
a comprehensive poverty alleviation program like (CIDSS) or Comprehensive and in integrated.
Delivery of Social Service where many elements are required to move and to act together
so as to achieve desired results, it is most of importance to build the capabilities and awareness of
program implementers and prepare them to assume great task ahead.
According to Kotler and Kartajaya (2001) crisis has been become apparent in Asia since
the events of mid 1997. The region-wide crisis resulted on a sharp decline in economic activity and
buying powering various Asian countries as well as increasing the numbers of poor people.
However, it has also provided the opportunity to replace various practices more suited to the
demands of economic growth.
Boone and World Bank (1998) supporting institutions are important, but it is enough.
Processes are important as policy in Foreign aid and manage of unsustainable debt burdens. The
way donors and recipients inter act strongly influence the effectiveness and country ownership.
Deliver aid in waste that intrudes less on government functions. Including greater used of sector
wide approaches and a movement away from aid forms of aid conditionally. Provide sustained
support of policy and institutional environments that are strongly conductive to poverty deduction in
preference to one that is not.
Stewart (1998) stated that many problems are global, and participation by the developing
countries in finding solutions is just as important as for regional problems. Since international
institutions will generally facilitate the discussions of global problems. Since international
institutions needs to take a lead in making information, available ensuring all parties sit at the table,
and strengthening the countries, capacity to analyze and effectively communicate their interest.
Bebbington (1999) stated that non-governmental organizations have attracted growing
criticism for being unrepresentative of and unaccountable to the poor people for whose well-being
they claim to work. Research on Dutch and Peruvian NGOs suggests this happens in part because
the chronic weakness of popular organizations makes it difficult for NGOs to reach the poorest
groups.
However, such problems of representation also occur because trends within the aid chain
have made it increasingly difficult for NGOs to understand livelihood dynamics or new
organizational possibilities among rural populations. Informed by out-of-date and agrarian
representations of these groups, interventions become biased toward the less poor.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter described the method used in conducting the study, research design,
research respondents, research locale research instrument, the data gathering procedure and
treatment of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The descriptive method of research was used for this study. Creswell (1994) stated that
the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition.
The emphasis is on describing rather than on judging or interpreting. The aim of descriptive
research is to verify formulated hypotheses that refer to the present situation in order to elucidate it.
The descriptive approach is quick and practical in terms of the livelihood aspect. Moreover, this
method allows a flexible approach, thus, when important new issues and questions arise during the
duration of the study, further investigation may be conducted.
In relation to the study, the participant of livelihood program is descriptive research method
where as to know the importance of livelihood program and their contribution in the Barangay such
as more equitable distribution of opportunities, development and practical skills. The researcher
opted to use this research method considering the objective to obtain first hand data from the
respondents. The descriptive method is advantageous for the researcher due to its flexibility; this
method can use either qualitative or quantitative data or both, giving the researcher greater options
in selecting the instrument for data-gathering.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
The study focused on chosen mothers as respondents coming from the Barangay 662,
Zone 71 Paco, Manila.
RESEARCH LOCALE
This study will be conducted at the Barangay 662, Zone 71 of the 5
th
District of the City of
Manila.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The Survey and Questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument for this
study. The Questionnaire was divided into two main sections: a profile and the survey proper. The
profile contains socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents such as age, gender, civil
status.


SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The total sample is 50 mothers used as respondents which came from Barangay 662,
Zone 71, District V, Paco, Manila,
Since the total number of member of said livelihood is fifty (50), the researchers of the
study will use purposive method. It is a type of non-probability sampling which also known as
judgmental sampling. This sampling method is conducted where each member of a population has
an equal opportunity to become part of the sample. As all members of the population have an
equal chance of becoming a research participant In this kind of sampling the researcher uses is
good judgment in selecting the respondents who best meet the purposes of this study.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
The following are the procedures undertaken by the researchers in the gathering data.
1. QUESTIONNAIRES - The survey was formulated using suitable questions modified from
related research and individual questions formed by the researcher. After the
questionnaire was created the researchers will have it checked by validation before
conducting the survey.
2. SEEKING OF APPROVAL Before administering the questionnaire, the researchers will
seek for the approval of said questionnaire to professor that serve as our adviser in thesis,
requesting permission to float the questionnaire. And also the researchers will ask for
permit from the chairman of the chosen barangay.
3. DISTRIBUTION OF THE INSTRUMENT The survey questionnaires were distributed to
the respondents and were collected after few days. The researchers assured
confidentiality of their survey sheets since the identities are not important. The researchers
also understood that peoples consciousness may also affect their honesty and
effectiveness in answering the survey, and so, the researchers gave people the option of
being anonymous. There were no incentives offered for participating in the research. Next,
the researchers planned the questions that they would be asking to the interview. The
researchers interviewed certain number of members in the population regarding the
livelihood Program.
4. TABULATION The researchers have tallied the data before consulting for checking in the
tabulation of the result of the survey. Specific formula was used for the computation of data.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
The data gathered through the researcher made questionnaire is answered through the
application methods such as frequency, percentage and ranking. Frequency of an item means the
total number of respondents who favored that item over the given items.
Percentage is computed by dividing it, the frequency, with the sample- te total number of
respondents who participated in the sample. The formula for computing the percentage is given
below:
1. Percentage
Formula of Percentage:
%= f/n x 100
Where:
% = mean percentage
f = mean frequency
n = mean sample
2. Frequency it is used in this study to determine the demographic profile of the
respondents
Formula of Frequency:
F= f/n = 100
Where:
F = frequency
n = number of respondents
3. Ranking- is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either 'ranked
higher than', 'ranked lower than' or 'ranked equal to' the second. In mathematics, this is known as
a weak order or total preorder of objects.















UNIVERSIDAD DE MANILA
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION


IMPLEMENTATION OF LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM MASIGLANG KABUHAYAN NG CRISTOBAL
UNDER REPUBLIC ACT 9509 BARANGAY LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING ACT ON
BARANGAY 662, ZONE 71, DISTRICT V, PACO, MANILA


IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE SUBJECT RESEARCH METHOD IN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

SUBMITTED BY
MARTIN JONA S.
CABANGBANG EIJAY P.
CASIPIT, KENEATH LOUISE F.
MIRANDA MAR JAY P.
SANTOS, DIANARRA S.
SUDARIO, MARY JOY M.


SUBMITTED TO
PROF ZENAIDA C. PINGOL