The OK City Bombing and the politics of terror

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The Mannlicher-Carcanno Bomb
"It had to have been mned," sad the gruff, gnary voce on the other end of the
ne. "It's rea smpe. You cannot brng down a budng ke that wthout cuttng
charges set on the support pars."
Bud, an ex-Green Beret who saw heavy combat n Vetnam, shoud know what he's
takng about. Bud had mtary demotons tranng - the knd taught to men who
need to know how to bow up hardened targets.
"It coudn't have been done externay ke that," added Bud. "Wthout cuttng
charges, there's |ust no way to do t."
Bud ddn't want me to use hs fu name. He was worred about hs VA benefts.
One man who wasn't worred about government reprsas was Genera Benton K.
Partn. A retred U.S. Ar Force Brgader Genera, Partn had responsbty for the
desgn and testng of amost every non-nucear weapon devce used n the Ar
Force, ncudng precson-guded weapons desgned to destroy hardened targets
ke the Afred P. Murrah Budng. Partn has exhaustvey researched the bombng
and the resutng pattern of damage.
In a etter dated May 17, 1995, hand-devered to each member of the Congress
and Senate, Partn stated:
When I frst saw the pctures of the truck-bomb's asymmetrca
damage to the Federa Budng, my mmedate reacton was that the
pattern of damage woud have been techncay mpossbe wthout
suppementng demoton charges at some of the renforcng concrete
coumn bases.. For a smpstc bast truck-bomb, of the sze and
composton reported, to be abe to reach out on the order of 60 feet
and coapse a renforced coumn base the sze of coumn A-7 s
beyond creduty.
The fu text of Partn's report, reproduced n the appendx, s too compex to
eaborate on here, says a truck fed wth ammonum ntrate coud not have
caused the degree of damage done to the Afred P. Murrah budng. Not when t
was parked at east 20 feet away from that budng. Wthout drect contact, the
fa-off from the bast woud be too great to do any serous structura damage.
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Another man who knows a thng or two about bombs s Samue Cohen, nventor of
the Neutron Bomb. Cohen began hs career on the Manhattan Pro|ect at Los
Aamos, where he was charged wth studyng the effects of the atomc bombs that
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destroyed Hroshma and Nagasak. Durng hs 40 year career, Cohen worked wth
every appcaton of nucear weapons desgn and testng.
Cohen stated hs poston n a etter to Okahoma State Representatve Chares
Key:
It woud have been absoutey mpossbe and aganst the aws of
nature for a truck fu of fertzer and fue o. no matter how much
was used. to brng the budng down.
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Interestngy, the Ryder truck-bomb has earned the nckname the "Manncher-
Carcanno Bomb" after the cheap Itaan-made rfe wth a defectve scope that was
aegedy used to k Presdent Kennedy. Dstrct Attorney |m Garrson |oked durng
the Shaw conspracy tra that the government's nucear physcs ab coud expan
how a snge buet coud trave through Presdent Kennedy and Governor Connay
fve tmes whe makng severa u-turns, then and n prstne condton on the
Presdent's gurney.
In the Okahoma bombng case, t appears the government s attemptng to
perform a smar feat of ght and magc. The fact that a non-drectona, ow-
veocty fertzer bomb parked 20 to 30 feet from a modern, stee-renforced super-
structure coud not have caused the pattern and degree of damage t dd s not
beng wdey touted by the government or the manstream press. The government
expects the pubc to beeve that two dsgrunted amateurs bew up the Okahoma
Cty Federa Budng wth a homemade fertzer bomb.
Dr. Roger Raubach doesn't beeve the government. Raubach, who dd hs Ph.D. n
physca chemstry and served on the research facuty at Stanford Unversty, says,
"Genera Partn's assessment s absoutey correct. I don't care f they pued up a
sem-traer truck wth 20 tons of ammonum ntrate; t woudn't do the damage we
saw there."
Raubach, who s the technca drector of a chemca company, expaned n an
ntervew wth The New American magazne:
"The detonaton veocty of the shock wave from an ANFO (ammonum
ntrate/fue-o) exposon s on the order of 3,500 meters per second. In
comparson, mtary exposves generay have detonaton veoctes
that ht 7,000 to 8,000-pus meters per second. The most energetc
snge-component exposve of ths type, C-4 - whch s aso known as
Cyconte or RDX - s about 8,000 meters per second and above. You
don't start dong bg-tme damage to heavy structures unt you get
nto those ranges, whch s why the mtary uses those exposves."
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The government s not happy about peope ke Dr. Roger Raubach. They don't
want you to know what Dr. Raubach knows. Sam Gronnng, a censed, professona
baster n Casper, Wyomng wth 30 years experence n exposves, tod The New
American:
"The Partn etter states n very precse technca terms what everyone
n ths busness knows: No truck-bomb of ANFO out n the open s gong
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to cause the knd of damage we had there n Okahoma Cty. In 30
years of bastng, usng everythng from 100 percent ntroge to ANFO,
I've not seen anythng to support that story."
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In an ntervew wth the author, Gronnng sad, "I set off a 5,000 b ANFO charge. I
was standng 1,000 feet from t, and a t dd was muss my har, take out the mud
n the creek that we were tryng to get rd of, and t shattered a few eaves off the
trees around t. It ddn't cause any coatera damage to any of the deepy set trees
that were wthn 20 feet of t."
The FBI has a dfferent story to te.
The FBI cams that Tmothy McVegh and Terry Nchos bought severa thousand
pounds of ammonum ntrate at a farm suppy store n Manhattan, Kansas, then
drove to Geary State Park where they mxed a bomb. The FBI cams that the
suspects then haued ther magc bomb a dstance of over 500 mes, where, neary
24 hours ater, they bew up the Federa Budng n Okahoma Cty.
Yet what the FBI - those bastons of truth and |ustce - don't want you to know, s
that fertzer-grade ammonum ntrate sn't a very good bastng agent. As a
pubcaton from the Atas Powder company states:
.agrcutura fertzer prs when made nto ANFO had very poor
exposve characterstcs. They woud not detonate effcenty because
of ther hgh densty, ack of porosty and heavy nert coatngs of ant-
settng agents.. The abty of an oed pr to be detonated depends
greaty upon the densty of the pr. Dense prs, such as agrcutura
grade, often are not detonabe at a; or f ntated, perform at a very
ow rate of detonaton and may de out n the bore hoe performng no
usefu work.
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U.S. Army Technca Manua TM 9-1910 states t thusy:
The grade of ammonum ntrate used n the manufacture of bnary
exposves s requred to be at east 99 percent pure, contan not more
than 1.15 percent of mosture, and have maxmum ether-soube,
water-nsoube acdty, sufate, and chorde contents of 0.10, 0.18,
0.02, 0.05, and 0.50 percent, respectvey.
Moreover, a bomb ke that s not easy to mx. Accordng to Gronnng, "You'd have
to str and str and str to get |ust the rght mxture for proper combustbty. And
then, f t sn't used mmedatey, the o settes to the bottom and the bomb
doesn't go off."
"ANFO s easy to make f you know how to do t," adds |effrey Dean, Executve
Drector of the Internatona Socety of Exposves Engneers, "but t takes years of
experence to work wth safey." Accordng to Dean, "It s amost mpossbe for
amateurs to propery mx the ammonum ntrate wth the fue o. Cumps of ANFO
woud nevtaby fa to detonate."
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3
The scenaro of two men mxng huge barres of fertzer and fue-o n a pubc
park aso stretches the mts of creduty. Such a spectace woud surey have been
seen by anyone passng by: hkers, pcnckers, fshermen.
"That woud have drawn so much attenton," sad Rck Sherrow, a former ATF
(Bureau of Acoho, Tobacco and Frearms) agent wth 25 years experence n
exposves. "It woud have requred an area twce the sze of a truck |ust to wak
around. that woud have not have gone okay."
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Naturay, the expert who testfed for the government dsagrees. Lnda |ones, an
exposves specast who has studed IRA bombngs n Great Brtan, "concuded
that there was one devce. n the rear cargo compartment of a Ryder truck.."
|ones added that t woudn't be dffcut to bud such a arge bomb "provded they
had a basc knowedge of exposves and access to the materas - t woud be
fary smpe. One person coud do t on ther own, but more peope coud do t
qucker."
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Whe the government but ts case on wtness accounts of the snge Ryder truck,
numerous wtnesses, uncaed to testfy by the prosecuton for the McVegh tra,
reca seeng two trucks. Coud two trucks - one rented by McVegh, and one
rented by the suspect known as |ohn Doe 2 - have been used to transport the
huge quanttes of matera necessary to bud such a bomb?
"I woud buy two trucks smpy for ogstcs," sad Sherrow. "One truck fu of barres
of ammonum ntrate, and you st got to put the fue nto t. Because you don't
want to put the fue n and et t sette for days at a tme. They woud have to have
somethng to brng everythng together and mx t, and that's gong to take more
then one truck."
Two days pror to the Murrah Budng bombng - on Apr 17th - Davd Kng,
stayng at the Dreamand Mote n |uncton Cty, Kansas, where McVegh and |ohn
Doe 2 spent tme, remembered seeng the Ryder truck wth a traer attached to t.
Insde the traer was a arge ob|ect wrapped n whte canvas. "It was a squarsh
shape, and t came to a pont on top," sad Kng. "It was about three or four feet
hgh." Kng sad that ater n the day, the traer was gone, but the truck was st n
the ot.
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Was ths wtness descrbng some sophstcated exposve devce? Or was he
descrbng a Ley farm mxer? A Ley farm mxer s about four feet hgh wth a
ponted top. What happened to ths traer? Why dd we never hear anymore about
t?
Then around 2:00 a.m. on Apr 19, a Ryder truck pued nto the Save-A-Trp
convenence store n Kngman, Kansas, foowed by a ght coored car and a brown
pck-up. Assstant manager Rchard Snnett ceary recas three men, ncudng
McVegh and a man resembng |ohn Doe 2 enter the store. Yet Snnett was
partcuary struck by the odd contrapton they were towng - a arge pastc, sem-
transparent tank fu of cear qud.
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Was ths dese fue that the bombers
ntended to add to ther ammonum ntrate mxture at the ast mnute?
Despte a mountan of evdence aganst the |government's| ANFO theory, the
government has gone to great engths to convnce the |ury and the pubc that the
Murrah Budng was destroyed by a snge ANFO bomb devered by a par of
dsgrunted Rght-wng extremsts. In fact, the ATF teevsed a demonstraton of an
ANFO truck-bomb detonatng n an effort to prove ther contenton. "They fred the
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thng off," sad Gronnng. "We saw t - t was on CNN - so what? A t dd was set
off an exposon and wgge the trees behnd t. It ddn't even knock them over.
"My knowedge comes from practca handng of exposves," added Gronnng.
"And my beef s that 4800 bs of ANFO woudn't have scuffed the pant on the
budng!"
The FBI aso changed the sze of the bomb numerous tmes. They orgnay
camed that t weghed 1,200 pounds, upgraded that fgure to 2,000 pounds, then
to 4,000 pounds, and fnay, they ssued a press reease statng that the bomb
weghed 4800 pounds.
"It appears the government keeps up-gradng the sze of the vehce and the
'fertzer' bomb to concde wth the damage," sad retred FBI SAC (Senor Agent-
n-Charge) Ted Gunderson.
The government aso orgnay camed the bomb cost ess than $1,000 to bud.
Then |ust before the start of McVegh's tra, that fgure was upgraded to $5,000.
Ther ratonae was based on the "dscovery," amost two years after the fact, that
the suspects had constructed ther magc bomb wth racng fue, not dese fue,
whch s far ess expensve.
To mantan some sembance of credbty n ght of ncreasngy pubczed reports
of Genera Partn and others, the government aso conceded - rght before the
start of McVegh's tra - that the suspects probaby hadn't but ther bomb at
Geary State Park after a.
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If Tmothy McVegh or anyone ese wth mtary tranng wanted to destroy the
Afred P. Murrah Budng, t s hghy unkey they woud use ANFO. As Army
demoton manuas ceary state, ANFO s not good for destroyng concrete or
stee. McVegh, the consummate soder who studed every concevabe Army
manua n hs spare tme - ncudng Army Manua TM 31-210: Improvsed
Muntons Handbook - certany woud have known ths.
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Yet the FBI nssts that amateur bomb-makers Tmothy McVegh and Terry Nchos
but ths amazng ANFO bomb that ked 169 peope and destroyed a modern
nne-story stee-renforced concrete budng. Of course, that was before the
government's damage-contro apparatus went nto effect. Before t dd, even the
usua government takng-heads were nsstng that no amateurs coud have done
ths.
Vnce Cannstraro, ABC News corespondent and former CIA ntegence advsor to
the Natona Securty Counc stated, "Ths s somethng professona and t reay
mpes that the person who constructed the exposve devce has experence, was
traned n the use of exposves, and knew what they were dong."
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Before he began attackng crtcs of the government's case, Okahoma Governor
and former FBI agent Frank Keatng stated, ".obvousy whatever dd the damage
to the Murrah Budng was a tremendous, very sophstcated exposve devce."
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The very next day, the government was nsstng that a homemade ANFO bomb,
made wth agrcutura grade ammonum ntrate, dd the |ob. FBI Speca Agent
|ohn Hersey contends that traces of a mtary-type detonaton cord known as
PDTN (pentadrythr-tetrantrate), commony known as Prmadet, were found on
McVegh's cothng at the tme of hs arrest (In another report t was PETN, or
pentaerythrto-tetrantrate). PDTN was aegedy used to wre the barres of ANFO.
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Senor FBI chemst Frederck Whtehurst conducted a test on McVegh's cothng
but found no resdue there, or n McVegh's car ether.
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Whtehurst came forward wth aegatons that the FBI has been santng resuts of
ts forensc tests for years. Coected n a 30-page memorandum, Whtehurst
crtczed FBI aboratory personne for ncompetence. As a |ustce Department
memorandum states: "Dr. Whtehurst contends that the Exposves Unt and the
Chemstry and Toxcoogy Unt nappropratey structure ther concusons to favor
the prosecuton."
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Accordng to the Wall Street Journal, "|Whtehurst's| accusatons of bas and even
manufacturng evdence have caed nto queston severa hgh-profe government
cases, ncudng the Okahoma Cty and Word Trade Center bombngs."
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Whtehurst's aegatons were further eaborated on n a hghy reveang report
ssued by the Do| Inspector Genera's Offce, whch concuded that "|SSA Davd|
Wams repeatedy reached concusons that ncrmnated the defendants wthout
a scentfc bass and that were not expaned n the body of the report."
Indeed. It appears Wams reached hs concusons based, not on emprca
evdence, but on the fact that Terry Nchos aegedy purchased arge quanttes of
ANFO. As the OIG (Offce of Inspector Genera) report states:
Wthout the evdence of these purchases, Wams admtted he woud
have been unabe to concude that ANFO was used. Indeed, Wams
stated that based on the post-bast scene aone t coud have been
dynamte..
Wams camed "that the ntator for the booster(s) was ether a detonator from a
Prmadet Deay system or senstzed detonatng cord." Yet as the OIG report states,
"No evdence of a Prmadet system or senstzed detonatng cord was found at the
crme scene."
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Controversa scentst and bomb expert Mchae Rconoscuto tod former FBI agent
Ted Gundersen that the theory of drums of ANFO beng detonated by PDTN-soaked
oops of rope or "det" cord s hghy mprobabe, f not mpossbe. "The ony way to
obtan bast contro s wth voumetrc ntaton," expaned Rconoscuto. "Ths
takes eectronc crcuts of smar sophstcaton as woud be requred n nucear
weapons. Ths sophstcaton s not avaabe to the average person," he added,
statng that the resutant bast woud have been "confused and uncontroed," and
the energy woud have utmatey "canceed tsef out."
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Fnay, the OIG report states: "Whtehurst questons Wams' concuson that none
of the structura damage evdent wthn the Murrah budng was caused by
secondary exposve devces or exposons."
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So why s the government gong to such great engths, n spte of overwhemng
evdence to the contrary, to make us beeve that the Afred P. Murrah Budng was
destroyed by an ANFO bomb? Because the government's case s but upon the
premse that Tmothy McVegh and Terry Nchos but ther aeged bomb wth
ammonum ntrate. The cas aegedy made by McVegh were to stores that se
racng fue and ammonum ntrate. McVegh's fngerprnt s aegedy on a recept
for ammonum ntrate. And a sma trace of ammonum ntrate was aegedy found
at the scene. The government's case must proceed aong those nes. Any
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evdence that proves the bomb was made of anythng other than ANFO woud not
ony destroy the government's case, t woud open up nqures about who really
bombed the Murrah Budng. and why.
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The government |aso had to stck| wth the ANFO theory s because Mchae and
Lor Forter agreed to testfy n a pea-bargan that ther frend McVegh arranged
soup cans n ther ktchen to demonstrate how to make a "shaped charge." Yet as
bomb experts expaned, there s no way to make a shaped charge out of a
coecton of ANFO barres.
But the |government doesn't want any serous nqures as to who reay bew up
the Murrah Budng. The| government expects us to beeve that two one
amateurs wth a crude fertzer bomb, out n the open, twenty to thrty feet away
from a hardened target, destroyed eght renforced coumns and ked 169 peope.
As Genera Partn sad, such a scenaro s "beyond creduty."
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Former ATF |agent| Rck Sherrow, who wrote an artce for Soldier of Fortune
magazne entted "Bombast, Bomb Basts & Baoney," contends that Genera
Partn's assessment of the bombng s somehow naccurate. Sherrow cams that
the pressure wave that woud have struck the budng from the |rapdy
deteroratng| bast of the ANFO bomb (375 p.s.. accordng to Partn's fgures)
woud be more than enough to destroy renforced concrete coumns, whch
Sherrow camed n hs artce dsntegrate at 30 p.s.. (pounds per square nch).
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To Sam Gronnng, such a statement s preposterous: "That's busht!" excamed
Gronnng. "Thrty p.s.. woudn't take out a rubber tre!" Both Partn and Rabauch
contend that at east 3,500 p.s.. s requred to destroy renforced concrete. In a
etter to Partn, Rabauch states:
I took the berty of checkng wth the eadng concrete supper n my
area n order to confrm the compressve yed fgure that you used,
that beng 3,500 p.s.. What I was tod about concrete was very
nterestng. A 3,500 p.s.. fgure s extremey ow for structura
concrete. A propery mxed and cured structure of the type deat wth
n your report woud probaby have a yed strength of 5,600 p.s..
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Those who rush to refute the evdence presented by Partn, Raubach and others,
cte as evdence the 1982 destructon of the Marne bunker n Berut by a truck-
bomb drven by an Isamc terrorst. In that nstance, however, the truck was drven
drecty into the budng - a structure much smaer and ghter than the Afred P.
Murrah Budng.
In August of 1970, 1,700 pounds of ANFO parked n a van expoded outsde the
Army Math Research Lab at the Unversty of Wsconsn n Madson. Athough
parked coser than the Ryder truck was to the Murrah Budng, the bomb merey
bew a hoe n the outer wa and took out the wndows. One person was ked.
(See photo)
In 1989, Coomban narco-terrorsts detonated a truck-bomb outsde the Natona
Securty Department n Bogota, Coumba. The vehce was parked approxmatey
ten feet from the modern hgh-rse budng. The bomb decmated the face of the
budng, but eft the support coumns ntact. Ffteen peope were ked.
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In the summer of 1996, an IRA truck-bomb detonated n the heart of Manchester's
fnanca dstrct. The devce, constructed of ANFO and 3,500 pounds of Semtex, a
hgh-veocty, mtary-grade pastc exposve, caused consderabe damage to the
surroundng budngs, but eft them reatvey ntact. Athough the devce managed
to break a ot of wndows and n|ure 206 peope, no one was ked.
On |une 25, 1996, a tanker-traer packed wth RDX pastc exposves bew up
outsde the Khobar Towers apartment compex at Kng Abdu Azz Ar Base n Saud
Araba, kng 19 Amercan servcemen and n|urng hundreds more. Whe the
bast produced a crater 35 feet deep and 85 feet across (the crater n Okahoma
was approxmatey 6 feet deep and 16 feet across, athough the government
camed t was 30 feet), t ddn't do the same amount of damage done to the
Murrah Budng - a budng constructed to much more rgorous codes and
specfcatons. Yet authortes cam that the bomb was at east the sze as that
whch bew up the Federa Budng.
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|See photo|
In an anaogy offered by Partn, "It woud be as rratona or as mpossbe as a
stuaton n whch a 150 pound man sts n a fmsy char causng the char to
coapse, whe a man weghng 1,500 pounds sts n an dentca fmsy char and t
does not coapse - mpossbe."
"But," contends Sherrow n Soldier of Fortune, "the |Murrah| Budng was not
desgned to wthstand exposons or earthquakes, and t's bascay a weak
budng."
|m Lofts, one of the budng's archtects, tod me they were asked to make the
budng bomb-resstant, due to eft-wng radcas who were bowng up federa
factes n the eary 1970s. Lofts aso sad the budng was desgned to meet
earthquake standards. "We desgned t to meet the budng codes and
earthquakes are part of that code," sad Lofts.
Lofts aso sad that the north sde of the ower eve (the area mpacted by the
truck-bomb) was stee-rebar renforced concrete wthout wndows. He aso
concurred wth Raubach and Partn that the pressure necessary to destroy
renforced concrete s n the 2,500 to 4,000 p.s.. range - a far cry from the 30
p.s.. cted by Sherrow.
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Yet Sherrow concudes that snce there was so much coatera damage (damage to
the surroundng budngs) the truck-bomb must have been responsbe. "The
coatera damage |ust dscounts |Partn's| matera," says Sherrow.
Two experts who seem to agree wth Sherrow are Dorom Bergerbest-Eom and
Yakov Yerusham. The Israe bomb experts were brought to Okahoma at the
request of ATF agent Guy Hama. Accordng to ther report, the bomb was an ANFO
bomb boosted wth somethng more powerfu. and t had a Mdde Eastern
sgnature.
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The Athenan restaurant, whch sts approxmatey 150 feet northwest of the
Murrah Budng, was amost competey destroyed. Peces of the Murrah Budng
were actuay bown into the Athenan. As vdeo producer |erry Longspaugh ponts
out, ony a bomb inside the Federa Budng woud be capabe of pro|ectng parts
of the budng nto another budng 150 feet away.
As Gronnng notes n a etter to Representatve Key: "Not n your wdest dreams
woud that much ANFO affect perphera damage at that dstance. Whch eads me
to suspect that another more powerfu exposve was used."
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Accordng to a source quoted n the Rocky Mountain News, an ammonum ntrate
bomb made wth a racng fue component known as hydrazne "woud create one
of the argest non-nucear basts possbe." McVegh had aegedy attempted to
procure the substance from a deaer n Topeka, Kansas, who refused. In fact,
hydrazne s extremey hazardous and dffcut to obtan.
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Whe not knowedgeabe about hydrazne, Gronnng noted that "C-4, for exampe,
woud be capabe of creatng those knds of pressure waves and destroyng the
oca foundaton of the Federa Budng.
"If you had 4,000 bs of C-4 n there," Gronnng sad, "now you're takng a rea
hgh-order exposve at some serous speed. And when that goes off, you're abe
to take out the thng. But I st have a probem beevng even at that dstance
away from the budng, t woud create that knd of damage. A you have to do to
see what I'm takng about s to see what knd of bomb damage you get from a
bomb n the |WWII| attacks on London."
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It s precsey ths anaogy that Sherrow attempts to use n Soldier of Fortune. "For
perspectve, notes SOF 'demo' expert Donovan, "consder that the German V-1 and
V-2 msses that devastated London carred ony 1,650 pounds of an exposve not
dssmar n brsance and yed. In other words, woud three V-2s smutaneousy
strkng the frst foor of the Murrah Budng do such damage? Of course they
woud."
Yet the Ryder truck dd not mpact the Murrah Budng at the speed of a rocket,
nor dd t mpact t at a. Even to the ayperson, one can see that such an anaogy
s rdcuous. In hs artce, Sherrow never specuates that C-4 or any other hgh-
veocty mtary type exposve mght have been used.
St, the former ATF man contends that an ANFO bomb parked out n the open
coud have caused the pattern and degree of damage done to the Murrah Budng.
"Absoutey and wthout a shadow of a doubt, and I base that on 30 years n the
busness, and shootng ANFO - from a coupe pounds to 630 tons n one shot."
Sherrow goes on to state that Partn's concusons were based upon mere
"theoretca anayss," not hands-on experence.
Yet Partn spent 25 years n the defense research estabshment, ncudng hands-
on work at the Bastc Research Laboratores; Commander of the Ar Force
Armament Technoogy Laboratory; Ar Force System Command, and the Offce of
the Secretary of Defense (OSD) management. Such credentas speak of a man
who knows hs exposves.
It s uncear why the former ATF man was tryng to dscredt Partn, and by
assocaton, others who dsagreed wth the government's theory. What s cear
however s that Soldier of Fortune, the magazne n whch Sherrow's artce
appeared, s owned by Paadn Press, regarded a CIA propretary. Robert K. Brown,
the magazne's pubsher, s an assocate of Genera |ohn Sngaub, a key Iran-
Contra payer who ran the genocda Phoenx Program n Vetnam, and heped tran
death squads n Centra Amerca. Both men reportedy payed an ancary roe n
the 1984 La Penca bombng, whch resuted n the deaths of eght |ournasts. |See
Chapter 14| Sherrow admtted to workng for the CIA n Afrca. What he dd there
wasn't exacty cear.
|35|
If the CIA (or one of ts tentaces) were nvoved, as they nvaraby tend to be n
such cases, they woud have a strong motve to cover up ther nvovement and re-
9
drect the nvestgaton. The most common way of dong ths s through the use of
propaganda and dsnformaton. Whe Sherrow hmsef has crtczed the ATF, and
wrote severa artces debunkng the government's theory regardng mta groups,
ths partcuar artce appeared to be a "ht-pece" desgned to dscredt any
egtmate anayss of the bombng.
Yet some crtcs of the government's story have gone beyond the reatvey
ordnary expanatons of Partn, Gronnng and others to suggest that the Federa
Budng was destroyed by a devce caed an "A-Neutronc Bomb." These
advocates cte as evdence the nature of the spang (the dsntegraton of the
concrete nto tny peces) on the top of the budng, and the extent of the damage
to surroundng budngs that even men ke Genera Partn cam woud be
mpossbe for an ANFO bomb.
Larens Imanyue, a Berkeey assstant physcs professor who has studed the
bombng, s one such advocate. Imanyue's anayss, whch appeared n Veritas
newsetter, ndcates that the wde extent of the coatera damage was not
consstent wth a conventona exposon. As Imanyue wrtes:
There was some very sophstcated bomb that was capabe of causng
a tremendous bast atmospherc pressure wave that bew out wndows
n so many of the surroundng budngs. Ths had to be some sort of
very hgh-tech dust exposve-ke bomb - one that creates a wdey
dspersed exposve mxture n the very ar and then detonates t wth a
secondary charge. Ths ast spectacuar hgh-tech bomb served the
purpose of convncng the genera pubc that the aeged sotary
truck-bomb was powerfu and "devastatng" enough that t coud wpe
out and coapse a nearby budng.
|36|
Consder the comments of a oca structura engneer, Bob Cornforth, "The range of
ths bast has reay mpressed me - the extent of the damage and the dstance
out." A me away, wndow frames had been pushed back two feet. On the other
hand, he nspected two budngs |ust a tte over 200 ft. from the so-caed crater,
the YMCA center and the |ourna Record budng, whch ost part of ts ptched
concrete roof. To hs surprse, "The structura frames performed extremey we.
We desgn for 80-mph wnds," whch he says seems adequate. The ack of damage
to the frames, despte the massve ght-structura damage showed that the shock
waves were of short duraton. Ths was consstent wth a many-pont exposon, but
not wth a snge-pont exposon arge enough to knock out the four heavy coumns
that had coapsed n the Murrah Budng.
|37|
The A-Neutronc bomb, or "Eectro-Hydrodynamc Gaseous Fue Devce," was
reportedy deveoped by the young scentst-prodgy n the eary 1980s whe he
was workng for Hercues Manufacturng n Scon Vaey, CA. The frst bomb test at
the Pentagon's super-secret Area 51 n Nevada apparenty resuted n the death of
a techncan and n|ured severa others due to ther underestmaton of ts power.
The pro|ect was reportedy compartmentazed and cassfed under a "Nucear
Weapons" category by Presdent Reagan. |For a descrpton of the devce, see
Appendx|
10
|What does Samue Cohen have to say about the A-Neutronc bomb? "We, I'm not
expert enough to reay vouch for hs statements, but I've got a hunch that t's
techncay we-based. I've spoken to Mchae Rconoscuto (the nventor of the A-
Neutronc Bomb) and he's an extraordnary brght guy. I aso have a hunch, whch
I can't prove, that they both (Rconoscuto and Lavos, hs partner) ndrecty work
for the CIA."|
Accordng to Imanyue, a member of a pubc watch-dog group that montors
mtary and nucear procurement actvtes, "The desgn woud be partcuary
sutabe for use as a cruse msse warhead, where a non-nucear charge s
requred that can reaby destroy a hardened target despte a severa-meters
targetng error. Such weapons are desgned as part of the Advanced Technoogy
Warhead Program of Lawrence Lvermore and Los Aamos Natona Laboratores."
Ted Gundersen, who has ndependenty nvestgated the bombng, ncuded
numerous etters and memos n hs report whch ponted to the exstence of such a
devce. He reported that the government contract number for the bomb was DAAA-
21-90-C-0045, and was manufactured by Dyno-Nobe, Inc., n Sat Lake Cty. Dyno-
Nobe was prevousy connected wth Hercues Manufacturng, where Rconoscuto
worked. The Department of the Army denes that contract DAAA-21-90-C-0045
exsts. Dyno-Nobe refused to respond to nqures from Gundersen or the author.
|38|
Curousy, the bomb specast the government caed as ts expert wtness durng
the Federa Grand |ury testmony was Robert Hoper. Hoper recenty retred from
Dyno-Nobe.
Sherrow rased the ssue of the Eectro-Hydrodynamc Gaseous Fue Devce n hs
Soldier of Fortune artce. Accordng to Imanyue, "Gundersen's bomb mode was
ceary unworkabe as presented n Soldier of Fortune, but contaned the essenta
nformaton that the bomb generated an eectrostatcay charged coud."
|39|
One vctm n the HUD offce n the Murrah Budng descrbed n a Natona Pubc
Rado ntervew on May 23, 1995 how she fet a heat wave and a statc eectrcty
charge mmedatey before the wndows bew n.
Dana Bradey, who ost her mother and two chdren n the bombng, sad she fet
eectrcty runnng through her body rght before the bomb went off.
|40|
Another vctm, Ramona McDonad, who was drvng about bock away, remembers
seeng a brant fash and descrbed the feeng of statc eectrcty. "It made a rea
oud statc eectrcty sound. It sounded ke bg swarm of bees - you coud
actuay hear t. The next thng was a rea sharp cap, ke thunder.." McDonad
aso descrbed both god and bue fashes of ght. Interestngy, Rconscuto has
caed hs devce "Bue Death."
|41|
Another survvor of the bast was quoted on CNN as sayng, "It was |ust ke an
atomc bomb went off. "The ceng went n and a the wndows came n and there
was a deafenng roar."
|42|
Proponents of the A-Neutronc Bomb concude that these are a sgnatures of such
a devce.
|43|
Whe both Gundersen and Rconoscuto have receved rdcue for suggestng that
a super-secret pneappe-szed devce may have destroyed the Murrah Budng,
Cohen cautons: "Look, when I frst came up wth that concept (the Neutron Bomb,
deveoped n the 1970s), the rdcue I took from the scentfc communty was
11
somethng awfu. And ths ncuded scentsts at the Nobe Prze eve." "Regardng
Rconoscuto," adds Cohen, "the guy's a madman. but techncay, there's no
doubt n my mnd that he's brant."
|44|
Gene Wheaton, a former Pentagon CID nvestgator, cams that the fue-ar bomb
was depoyed n the Guf War, aong wth other expermenta weapons responsbe
for much of the massve devastaton nfcted on Iraq.
|45|
The fue-ar exposve, or
FAE, can cover an area 1,000 feet wde wth bast pressures of 200 p.s.. Accordng
to a CIA report on FAEs:
|T|he pressure effects of FAEs approach those produced by ow-yed
nucear weapons at short ranges. The effect of an FAE exposon wthn
confned spaces s mmense. Those near the gnton pont are
obterated. Those at the frnges are key to suffer many nterna.
n|ures, ncudng burst eardrums and crushed nner-ear organs,
severe concussons, ruptured ungs and nterna organs, and possbe
bndness.
|46|
Moreover, t seems that Messerschmtt-Bokow-Bohm supped Iraq wth pans for a
fue-ar exposve. The bueprnts were aegedy passed on to the Iraqs by the
Egyptans, and Iraq commenced commerca producton of the weapon - the force
of whch s the equvaent of a sma atomc exposon.
|47|
A few mnutes before 9:00 a.m. on Apr 19, a young Arabc man carryng a
backpack was seen n the Murrah Budng hurredy pushng the eevator button as
f tryng to get off. A few mnutes after he exted the budng, the bomb(s) went
off. The eevator doors, whch were on the opposte sde of the budng from the
truck-bomb, had ther doors bown outward.
Another former mtary source agreed that a devce smar to the fue-ar
exposve exsts. "It's caed a Speca Atomc Demoton Muntons or SADM," sad
Crag Roberts, a Lt. Coone n Army Reserve |Integence|. Accordng to Roberts
and Chares T. Harrson, a researcher for the Department of Energy and the
Pentagon, ths munton has been depoyed wth artery unts n Europe. The
SADM can aso be carred n a backpack.
Another source who has montored top-secret weapons pro|ects confrmed ths
nformaton:
I do not know a ot about SADM's, but I have frends - ex Brtsh SAS
and RAF - who were traned n ther use a few years ago for behnd-
the-nes sabotage n the event of a Russan breakthrough n Europe.
They beeve from ther st-servng mtary contacts that the earer
footba szed back pack weapons that they were traned on have been
sgnfcanty mcroed such that a devce woud now easy ft n a
grapefrut and dever fve to ten tons TNT equvaent - or ess |.e:
down to one ton TNT|. These thngs easy ft nto a 105mm howtzer
she or a brefcase. ...
Exacty what components are utzed n these weapons s dffcut to
get as the st servng Brtsh offcers are reuctant to tak about them
12
n deta. One can assume that a mxture of Putonum 239 (hghy
refned hence reatvey ow radoactvty emsson on detonaton),
Lthum 6 Deuterde Trtde, Trtum, and possby Beryum and
Uranum 238 (NOT 235) woud be nvoved as a seres of enses n a B-
Conca shape. I am endeavorng to get more data but ths a very
touchy area.
|48|
An artce n the The Nashille Tennessean nssts Iraq's Saddam Hussen has been
deveopng 220 pounds of thum 6 per year. thum 6 can be converted to trtum,
an essenta ngredent n thermonucear reactons.
|49|
Other sources say that 6,000 to 7,000 SADM's were produced, some of whch
made ther way to Israe and other countres.
|50|
Sam Cohen confrms ths
nformaton n the Fa ssue of Journal of !iil "efense. Cohen, echong Harrson,
charges that the U.S. has purposefuy underestmated the number of nucear
warheads that Iran, Iraq and North Korea coud produce, and deberatey
dscounted ther capacty to produce substantay smaer warheads.
"A coupe of years ago," states Cohen, "dsturbng statements on advanced sma,
very ow-yed nucear warheads, began emanatng from Russa.
|51|
Cohen adds
that these artces "reveaed a massve smuggng rng had emerged where the
matera was beng sod around the word to a number of countres, some of whch
were terrorst natons."
|52|
|Wrtng n Ne#us Magazne, Austraan |ournast and mtary authorty |oe Vas
ponts out that the bombng whch destroyed a fnanca center n London n |uy of
1993, and whch amost destroyed the Word Trade Center n New York four
months ater, coud not have been caused by conventona exposves. In a bzarre
concdence predatng Cohen's anayss, theoretca physcst and former Pentagon
nucear expert Theodore B. Tayor stated n hs book, The !ure of $indin% &ner%y,
that someday someone was gong to bow up the Word Trade Center wth a
nucear devce the sze of a stck of gum. Tayor's predcton frst appeared n the
New 'orker magazne n 1973.
|53|
Vas adds that the Brtsh government was quck to bame the London attack on
an IRA (Irsh Repubcan Army) truck-bomb, n the same manner that U.S.
authortes were quck to bame the Okahoma bombng on a truck-bomb
constructed by a par of so-caed dsgrunted ant-government oners. Yet at the
same tme the Brtsh government was ssung these statements, ther bomb
techncans were exporng the bomb ste n fu nucear protectve suts.|
Had the Murrah Budng been destroyed by a SADM or a backpack nuke, usng the
truck-bomb as a cover? Brtsh bomb experts, wth extensve experence deang
wth terrorst truck-bombs, tod McVegh's attorney, Stephen |ones, that the ANFO
bomb coud not have done a of the damage to the Murrah Budng.
|54|
Brtsh bomb expert Lnda |ones, testfyng for the prosecuton n McVegh's tra,
came to the opposte concuson however. Nevertheess, the ste was qucky
demoshed and covered over wth concrete; the remans taken to a secure dump
and bured. What was the government tryng to hde? Nucear Physcst Gaen
Wnsor, Genera Ben Partn, and KPOC manager Davd Ha went to the budng and
dsposa stes wth radaton measurng equpment, but were kept away. They
managed to gather some fragments anyway, and when they measured them wth
13
Wnsor's NaI Scntator detector, they regstered radaton eves 50 percent
hgher than norma.
|55|
|The specter of radoactve terrorsm s not exacty brand new. In Pars, the French
secret poce foed terrorsts pannng to set off a conventona bomb desgned to
spread partces of deady radoactve putonum n the ar.
Cohen suggests that f t had been a radoactve attack, and t were made pubc, t
woud have pancked a pubc aready frghtened about terrorst attacks: "If the
perpetrators had been abe to get ther hands on |ust a traceabe amount of
radoactvty, and mxed t up wth the exposve, so that t woud vrtuay assure
that t woud be pcked up by some detectng meter, and ths had gotten out, that
there was a fary copous amount of radoactvty n the exposve, a he woud
have broken oose.. It woud scare the pants off a very arge fracton of the U.S.
ctzenry, by sayng ths was used by terrorsts, and contamnated an area."
|56|
Gven the government's ong hstory of coverng up radaton tests on U.S. ctzens,
from radatng entre towns downwnd of nucear test stes, to sppng radoactve
sotopes to crpped chdren n ther oatmea, t goes wthout sayng that they
woud aso cover ths up.|
"A new cass of nucear weapons coud exst whch coud have an extremey
dsturbng terrorst potenta," sad Cohen. "And to admt to the possbty that the
warheads mght be suffcenty compact to pose a rea terrorst threat was equay
unacceptabe |to the government|."
|57|
So was the Federa Budng bown up by demoton charges, a truck fed wth C-4,
a fue-ar exposve, a mnature nuke, or some combnaton of the above?
|"It reay doesn't make any dfference," says Cohen. "From the standpont of
practcaty. I woud ean towards Ben Partn. Because a the stuff Partn's put out,
t |ust hods up - t makes emnent sense - he doesn't have to get nto ths
exotca. Partn says usng ordnary Prmacord wrapped around these pars coud
have done the |ob."
|58|
In fact, t does make qute a bt of dfference from an nvestgatve pont of vew,
snce the more sophstcated the bomb, the more sophstcated the bombers. And
Tmothy McVegh and Terry Nchos weren't that sophstcated.|
KFOR-Channe 4 reported that the mysterous severed eg cothed n mtary garb
found n the rubbe aegedy had PVC embedded |n| t. PVC ppe s sometmes
used to pack pastc exposves. It ncreases the shear power. Had ths eg,
unmatched to any of the known vctms, beonged to the rea bomber?
|59|
|In fact, t does make qute a bt of dfference from an nvestgatve pont of vew,
snce the more sophstcated the bomb, the more sophstcated the bombers. And
Tmothy McVegh and Terry Nchos weren't that sophstcated.|
Then on March 20, 1996,Strate%ic (nestment Newsletter reported that a Pentagon
study had been eaked whch backed up Genera Partn's anayss:
A cassfed report prepared by two ndependent Pentagon experts has
concuded that the destructon of the federa budng n Okahoma Cty
ast Apr was caused by fve separate bombs. The two experts reached
the same concuson for the same technca reasons. Sources cose to
the Pentagon study say Tmothy McVegh dd pay a roe n the
bombng but perpheray, as a "usefu dot." The mutpe bombngs
14
have a Mdde Eastern "sgnature," pontng to ether Iraq or Syran
nvovement.
|60|
Fnay, n the Sprng of 1997, exposves experts at Egn Ar Force Base's Wrght
Laboratory Armament Drectorate reeased a study on the effects of exposves
aganst a renforced concrete budng smar to the Federa Budng. The Ar
Force's test cosey matched the condtons under whch the government contends
the Murrah Budng was destroyed.
The Egn Bast Effects Study, or EBES, nvoved a three-story renforced concrete
structure 80 ong, 40 feet wde, and 30 feet hgh. The budng constructed for the
test, the Egn Test Structure (ETS), whe smaer than the Murrah Budng, was
smar n desgn, wth three rows of coumns, and sx-nch-thck concrete panes
smar to those n the Murrah Budng. Overa, the ETS was consderaby weaker
than the Murrah, whch had fve tmes the amount of stee renforcng than the
ETS, and 10 tmes the amount of stee n ts coumns and beams. As New American
edtor Wam |asper noted n regards to the EBES:
If ar bast coud not effect catastrophc faure to the decdedy nferor
Egn structure, t becomes a the more dffcut to beeve that t was
responsbe for the destructon of the much stronger Murrah Budng.
The experts at Egn conducted three tests. They frst detonated 704 pounds of
Trtona (equvaent to 830 pounds of TNT or approxmatey 2,200 pounds of
ANFO), at a dstance of 40 feet from the structure, equvaent to the dstance the
Ryder truck was parked from the Murrah Budng. The second test utzed an Mk-
82 warhead (equvaent to 180 pounds of TNT) paced wthn the frst foor corner
room approxmatey four feet from the exteror wa. The thrd test nvoved a 250-
pound penetratng warhead (equvaent to 35 pounds TNT), paced n the corner of
a second foor room approxmatey two and a haf feet from the ad|onng was.
The frst detonaton demoshed the sx-nch-thck concrete wa panes on the frst
foor, but eft the renforcng stee bars ntact. The 14-nch coumns were
unaffected by the bast - a far cry from what occurred at the Murrah Budng. The
damages to the second and thrd foors fe off proportonay, unke that n
Okahoma Cty. The 56-page report concuded:
Due to these condtons, t s mpossbe to ascrbe the damage that
occurred on Apr 19, 1995 to a snge truck-bomb contanng 4,800 bs.
of ANFO. In fact, the maxmum predcted damage to the foor panes of
the Murrah Federa Budng s equa to approxmatey 1% of the tota
foor area of the budng. Furthermore, due to the ack of symmetrca
damage pattern at the Murrah Budng, t woud be nconsstent wth
the resuts of the ETS test |number| one to state that a of the damage
to the Murrah Budng s the resut of the truck-bomb. The damage to
the Murrah Federa Budng s consstent wth damage resutng from
mechancay couped devces paced ocay wthn the structure ....
15
It must be concuded that the damage at the Murrah Federa Budng s
not the resut of the truck-bomb tsef, but rather due to other factors
such as ocay paced charges wthn the budng tsef .... The
procedures used to cause the damage to the Murrah Budng are
therefore more nvoved and compex than smpy parkng a truck and
eavng ....
|61|
Even the Federa Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was forced to concude
that 4,800 pounds of ANFO coud have not caused the so-caed crater n Okahoma
Cty. FEMA's report, pubshed on August 30, 1996, nadvertenty concuded that
the bombers woud have had to use approxmatey three tmes the amount
reportedy used n Okahoma Cty.
|62|
Another nterestng confrmaton came from FBI agent Danny Defenbaugh, who,
aong wth U.S. Attorney Beth Wkerson, vsted Genera Partn n |une of 1995.
Part of the team that prosecuted McVegh and Nchos, Wkerson ntervewed
Partn on the presumpton that he woud be caed as a wtness. ".and |Agent
Defenbaugh| was gong through the report that I dd," sad Partn, "and he put hs
fnger on that pcture I had n the report. the desgnated crater, and he sad,
'Suppose I tod you that s not the crater?'"
Partn beeves Wkerson and Defenbaugh (who Partn descrbed as begerent)
ntervewed hm as part of a ruse to fnd out what he knew about the bast(s), so
the government coud carefuy avod those ssues at tra. Whe they pretended to
be nterested n Partn's anayss, they never kept ther word to foow up the
ntervew.
"I thnk what they dd," sad Partn, "was they ooked at my credentas and
technca |ustfcaton of a ths stuff, and they fet found that what I had was based
on some pretty sound footng.. I thnk that's why they framed the case the way
they dd."
|63|
Whatever bew up the Afred P. Murrah Budng, one thng's for sure, there was
enough ANFO present at the ste to eave vsbe traces. Randy Ledger, a
mantenance man who was n the budng at the tme of the bast, cams feow
workers who rushed nto the budng mmedatey after the exposon "companed
of burnng eyes, heavy dust and chokng ungs. That s rght out of the textbook of
a dese-fertzer bomb, because t creates ntrc acd," sad Ledger. "The guys I
work wth, they're not gong to make t up that ther eyes are burnng."
|64|
Dr. Pau Heath, a VA psychoogst who was on the ffth foor of the budng at the
tme of the bast, sad, "I pcked fertzer out of my skn. I coud see the fertzer
actuay expodng n the ar; you coud see t poppng a around you."
Ramona McDonad, who aso survved the bast, concurs wth Heath. "There was a
brght fash, and then boom! And you coud see the fertzer poppng n the ar."
Gven ths scenaro, t's reasonabe to concude that the Ryder truck was fed wth
somethng more powerfu, wth |ust enough ANFO to eave a vsbe trace.
Cohen agrees. "The damage that resuted coud not have occurred from a van
parked outsde. I don't care how fancy an exposve was used. What dd n that
budng. was an nsde |ob."
It woud appear that experts' anayss' are not the ony evdence of an nsde |ob. In
an ntervew wth a oca TV staton, a man who escaped the budng sad, "I was
16
sttng at my desk, and I fet a rumbng, a shakng n the budng. so I decded to
get under my desk.. the gass wndows bew n and knocked down the ceng and
some of the stuff above the ceng and t a anded on top of my desk."
Another man sad, "I thought t was an earthquake because I resded n Caforna
for many years, and t was amost ke t was n sow moton. I fet a shake, and
then t began shakng more, and I dove under my desk, and then the gass a
came fyng n."
A frend of Dr. Ray Brown's, who's secretary was n the budng sad, "She was
standng by a wndow. The wndow cracked, then she got away from t and then
she was bown across the room and anded n another woman's ap. Another
woman I know, |udy Morse, got under her desk after feeng the budng shake,
and before the gass few."
"Dr. Bran Espe, who was the soe survvor n the Department of Agrcuture's ffth
foor offce, tod the author he frst "heard a rumbng nose."
Accordng to these ndvduas' accounts, f the truck-bomb - the aeged soe
bomb - had detonated frst, how woud they have fet a rumbng, had tme to
thnk about the stuaton, then dve under ther desks? The resutng bast wave
from the truck-bomb woud have been mmedate and tota. Such an account coud
ony be ndcatve of demoton charges paced nsde the budng.
|65|*
"The nsde charges - demoton charges," sad Cohen, "may have gone off frst,
and so the coumns now started to coapse. Boy, that woud produce one he of a
rumbe, to put t mdy.."
|66|
A caer to the Okahoma Rado Network reated the experences of hs frend, a
Federa Government worker, who had wtnessed the bast frst-hand. "He was
approxmatey fve bocks from the budng whenever the budng went up. He
cams that the top of the budng went up ke a msse gong through t. The
debrs was comng back down when the sde of the budng bew out. He sad thrd
and ast, the truck bew up on the street."
|67|
Notce ths wtness sad the budng "bew out." Ths s contrary to the effect of an
exposve bast from the street bowng the budng in from the street. Candy Avey,
who was on her way to the Soca Securty offce when the exposons occurred,
was bown away from the budng, struck a parkng meter, and then ht her car.
|68|
Sad Suzanne Steey, reportng ve for KFOR, "We coud see a the way through
the budng. That was |ust the force of the exposon - t |ust bew out a the was
and everythng nsde."
|69|
Ramona McDonad saw a fash and smoke rsng up from
inside the budng, "ke a rocket had shot out the top of the budng."
|70|
It shoud be obvous to the reader that t's mpausbe an ANFO bomb parked out
n the street woud have the force to bow a the way through a huge
superstructure ke the Afred P. Murrah Budng.
No matter how hard the government tred to e, obsfucate, and dstort the truth,
the evdence woud come back to haunt them.
On Apr 19, a tape recordng made durng a conference at the Water Resources
Board drecty across from the Murrah Budng appears to ndcate a successon of
bast events, spaced very cose together.
|71|
The tape recorder at the Water Resources Board was not the ony nstrument
recordng exposons that mornng. The sesmograph at the Okahoma Geoogca
Survey at the Unversty of Okahoma at Norman, 16 mes from the Murrah
17
Budng, recorded two waves, or "two events," on the mornng of Apr 19th.
Another sesmograph at the Omnpex Museum, four mes away from the Federa
Budng, aso recorded two events. These sesmc waves, or "spkes," spaced
approxmatey ten seconds apart, seem to ndcate two basts. |See Appendx|
Professor Raymond Brown, senor geophyscst at the Unversty of Okahoma who
studed the sesmograms, knew and taked to peope nsde the budng at the
tme of the bast. "My frst mpresson was, ths was a demoton |ob," sad Brown.
"Somebody who went n there wth equpment tred to take that budng down."
Not so, accordng to the U.S. Geoogca Survey's anayss. The USGS put out a
press reease on |une 1st, entted "Sesmc Records Support One-Bast Theory n
Okahoma Cty Bombng."
The bomb that destroyed the Afred P. Murrah Budng n Okahoma
Cty produced a tran of conventona sesmc waves, accordng to
nterpretatons by scentsts wth the U.S. Geoogca Survey and the
Okahoma Geoogca Survey (OGS).
Scentsts from those agences sad the sesmc recordngs of the May
23 demoton of the budng reproduced the character of the orgna,
Apr 19th sesmc recordng by producng two trans of sesmc waves
that were recorded on sesmometers near Norman, Oka.
"Sesmc recordngs from the budng's mposon ndcate that there
was ony one bomb exposon on Apr 19," sad Dr. Thomas Hozer, a
USGS geoogst n Meno Park, Caf. Hozer s one of severa USGS and
OGS scentsts who anayzed the shock waves created by the Apr 19
exposon and the May 23 mposon.
|72|
Hozer added that the two dstnct waves from the Apr 19 exposon(s) were the
resut of the same wave traveng at two dfferent speeds through two separate
ayers of the earth's crust. The "uson" of a doube exposon was smpy the
resut of the budng's coapse, he camed. "So the bottom ne then," sad Hozer,
"s I thnk these observatons are totay consstent wth a snge exposon. It
doesn't requre mutpe exposons to do t."
|73|
Dr. Brown has an honest dfference of opnon wth foks at the U.S. Geoogca
Survey. "I w canddy say that we are havng troube fndng that veocty
dfference," sad Brown. "We have not dentfed a par of ayers that coud account
for the ten-second dfference.
"Whatever the USGS saw n that data convnced them that the orgna bast was
one bomb," he added. "I fnd that hard to beeve.. What was uncomfortabe and
mght be construed as pressure s that they were gong to come out wth a press
reease that says we have concuded that data ndcates one bomb. It puts us n
the uncomfortabe stance of sayng that we, too, have concuded that, and we
haven't."
Yet the USGS press reease sad that Dr. Chares Mankn of the OGS, Brown's boss,
was "peased wth the work performed by Dr. Hozer and hs USGS coeagues n
the anayss of the sesmc records." Yet Mankn had actuay urged Hozer to deay
18
the press reease. "Everybody that has ooked at the sgna has sad a refracton
(an echo) woud reay be strange because there's absoutey no oss of energy n
the recorded sesmc sgna. The second event has the same amptude as the
frst. The arrva tme s wrong for a refracted wave. We've rued out refectons,
refractons, and the ar bast. We determned that these two records of these two
events corroborate our nterpretaton that there were two exposons."
|74|
The manstream meda, of course, |umped on the USGS's fndngs, wth headnes
ke "Snge Bomb Destroyed Budng" and "Sesmc Records Shake Murrah Mutpe
Bomb Theory." "The news meda even reported two bomb basts ntay," sad
Mankn, "but ater changed ther story."
"The USGS's concusons are not supported by ether data or anayss," added
Brown, who asked that hs name be taken off the report. Athough Brown cautons
that hs own concusons are far from concusve and requre "more thorough
nvestgaton," the most ogca expanaton for the second event says Brown, s "a
bomb on the nsde of the budng."
"Even the smaest of those detonatons (from the May 23rd demoton) had a
arger effect on the recordng than the coapse of the budng," he added, "whch
demonstrates that the exposves are much more effcent at exctng the ground
moton than s the coapse of three-fourths of the budng. So t s very unkey
that one-fourth of the budng fang on Apr 19th coud have created an energy
wave smar to that caused by the arge |truck-bomb| exposon."
|75|
One of the probems wth the two event theory s that the spkes on the sesmc
readngs were ten seconds apart. Wth that much dfference, most everybody n
the vcnty shoud have heard two separate basts. But gven the traumatc nature
of beng n the mmedate vcnty of a bombng, woud wtnesses necessary have
heard two exposons? Athough the sound of a truck-bomb woud certany have
made a oud, roarng nose, compete wth ots of smoke and fyng debrs, experts
say that the "crack" of a C-4 cuttng charge s "downrght dsappontng" to hear.
One man who works as a parkng garage attendant one bock north of the Murrah
Budng tod The New American that he was test drvng a new pckup truck near
the budng when the bomb went off. "It seemed ke one, bg, ong exposon," he
sad, "but I can't say for sure. My ears were rngng and gass and rocks and
concrete were fang a over and around me."
|76|
Dr. Pau Heath, who was on the ffth foor, says he heard ony one bast. But feow
VA worker |m Guthre stated n an ntervew wth the Washin%ton )ost:
"I fet a boom and was pcked up off my feet and thrown under a water
fountan." He heard a second exposon and covered hs ears. Dane
Dooey, who was at a thrd foor starwe, aso beeves she heard a
second exposon.
|77|
P. G. Wson, who worked n the Murrah Budng, tod researcher Mchee Moore, "A
second exposon came after the frst one and shards of gass began fyng n the
offce."
|78|
Hassan Muhammad, who was drvng for a devery servce that day, had hs ears
ruptured by the exposons. Muhammad tod the author he ceary recaed hearng
two dstnct basts. ".when I was crossng the street |at 10th and Robnson|. the
19
frst exposon went off, and t was a oud exposon. And my frend who was
comng out of the warehouse asked me what was t, because we thought t was a
drve-by shootng. and we got on the ground, and by the tme we got on the
ground, another one went off, and that's when a the wndows came out."
Muhammad recas that t was about three to four seconds between basts.
|79|
|ane C. Graham, a HUD worker n|ured n the bombng, aso ceary fet two dstnct
basts. As Graham stated n a vdeotaped deposton: "I want to specfy that the
frst bomb - the frst mpact - the frst effect, was a wavng effect, that you got
when the budng was movng, you mght have maybe fet a tte wavng, perhaps
an earthquake movement, and that asted for severa seconds.
"About 6 or 7 seconds ater, a bomb expoded. It was an entrey dfferent sound
and thrust. It was ke t came up rght from the center up. You coud fee the
budng move a tte.. But there were two dstnct events that occurred. The
second bast not ony was very, very oud, t was aso very powerfu. And as I sad, I
|ust fet ke t was comng straght on up from the center of the budng - straght
up."
|80|
Mchae Hnton, who was on a bus near NW 5th and Robnson - one bock away -
aso heard two exposons. "I had |ust sat down when I heard ths voent type
rumbe under the bus," sad Hnton. "It was a pushng type moton - t actuay
rased that bus up on ts sde. About sx or seven seconds ater another one whch
was more voent than the frst pcked the bus up agan, and I thought that second
tme the bus was gong to turn over."
|81|
What Hnton s descrbng s consstent wth a two-bomb scenaro. The frst, smaer
exposon beng the more subdued bast of the demoton charges. The second,
arger exposon beng the bast of the truck-bomb - the bast pressure wave of
whch amost tpped the bus over.
In an ntervew wth Media $y*ass magazne, attorney Chares Watts, who was n
the Federa Courthouse across the street, descrbed hearng, and feeng, two
separate basts:
Watts: I was up on the nnth foor, the top foor of the Bankruptcy
Court, wth nothng n between the two budngs. We were on the
south sde, out n the foyer, outsde the courtroom. It was nne o'cock,
or |ust very, very shorty thereafter. Severa awyers were standng
there takng and there was a arge exposon. It threw severa of the
peope cose to me to the foor. I don't thnk t threw me to the foor,
but t dd move me sgnfcanty, and I threw mysef to the foor, and
got down, and about that tme, a huge bast, unke anythng I've ever
experenced, ht.
Media Bypass: The bast wave ht?
Watts: A second bast. There were two exposons. The second bast
made me thnk that the whoe budng was comng n.
20
Watts, a Vetnam veteran, has experenced the effects of bombngs, ncudng
beng wthn 100 feet of B-52 ar strkes. Watts tod Media $y*ass he never
experenced anythng ke ths before.
|82|
Another veteran who heard the bast s George Waace, a retred Ar Force fghter
pot wth 26 years n the servce. Waace, who ves nne mes northwest of the
Federa Budng descrbed the bast as a "sustaned, oud, ong rumbe, ke severa
exposons." Waace kened the nose to that of a successon of bombs beng
dropped by B-52s.
|83|
Taken together, the evdence and wtness accounts appears to ndcate that there
were at east two basts on the mornng of Apr 19.
Genera Partn, aong wth Senator Inhoffe, Representatve Key and others, asked
Congress that the budng not be demoshed unt an ndependent forensc team
coud be brought n to nvestgate the damage.
"It s easy to determne whether a coumn was faed by contact demoton charges
or by bast oadng (such as a truck-bomb)," Partn wrote n hs etter to Congress.
"It s aso easy to cover up cruca evdence as was apparenty done n Waco. I
understand that the budng s to be demoshed by May 23rd or 24th. Why the
rush to destroy the evdence?"
|84|
Cohen echoed Partn's sentments: "I beeve that demoton charges n the
budng paced at certan key concrete coumns dd the prmary damage to the
Murrah Federa Budng. I concur wth the opnon that an nvestgaton by the
Okahoma State Legsature s absoutey necessary to get at the truth of what
actuay caused the tragedy n Okahoma Cty."
Yet the feds n fact dd demosh the Murrah Budng on May 23, destroyng the
evdence whe ctng the same reason as they dd for qucky demoshng the
Waco compound: "heath hazards." In the Waco case, what was destroyed was
evdence that the feds had fred from hecopters nto the roof of the budng
durng the eary part of the rad, kng severa peope, ncudng a nursng mother.
In the Okahoma case, what was destroyed was evdence that the coumns had
been destroyed by demoton charges.
|85|
The rubbe from the Murrah Budng was haued by Mdwest Wreckng to a andf
surrounded by a guarded, barbed-wre fence, sfted for evdence wth the hep of
the Natona Guard, then subsequenty haued off BFI Waste Management and
bured. Aong wth t was bured the evdence of what reay happened on the
mornng of Apr 19.
"It's a cassc cover-up," sad Genera Partn, "a cassc cover-up."
"Eerything !hort of a T-"# Tan$"
If the bombng of the Murrah Budng was the resut of an nsde |ob, who s
responsbe? Was t wred for demoton, and f so, who coud have wred t?
Dr. Heath, who has worked n the Murrah Budng for 22 years, was present on the
day of the bombng. Athough Heath personay dscounts the second bomb theory,
he expaned that poor securty n the budng woud have permtted access to
amost anyone, anytme.
"The securty was so ax n ths budng, that one ndvdua or group of ndvduas
coud have had access to any of those coumns," sad Heath, "amost n every part
of the budng, before or after hours, or even durng the hours of the workday, and
coud have panted bombs."
21
Guy Rubsamen, the Federa Protectve Servces guard on duty the nght of the
18th, sad that nobody had entered the budng. Yet Rubsamen took off at 2:00
a.m., and sad that nobody was guardng the budng from 2:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.
|86|
"It was a budng you coud have panted a bomb n anytme you wanted to," sad
Heath. "It was a budng that was not secure at a. I've gone n and out of ths
budng wth a pen knfe, |ust by sppng a knfe n the south doors, sde the bot
back, and go n wthout a key. I've done that ever snce the budng was new. If
you wanted nto t, you coud have gotten nto t any tme you wanted to."
|87|
Heath aso expaned that vstors coud drve rght nto the garage, anytme.
"There was no guard. You coud drve nsde the garage - four stores - anytme
you wanted to, and carry anythng you wanted to nsde the car."
|88|
It appears that aeged bomber Tmothy McVegh (or someone drvng hs car) dd
|ust that. On the mornng of Apr 19, attorney |ames Lnehan was stopped for a
ght at the corner of NW 4th and Robnson at approxmatey 8:38 a.m. when he
observed a battered yeow Mercury run the ght and drve drecty nto the
underground parkng garage. Lnehan sad the drver had sharp faca features
smar to McVegh's, athough he thought the drver may have been a woman.
Referrng to the we-pubzed scene of McVegh beng ed out of the Nobe County
Courthouse, Lnehan sad, ".that's t! That's the same profe." Curousy, one
month ater Lnehan sad, "My gut feeng s that t was a femae drvng."
|89|
Why dd "McVegh" drve nto the garage? Coud he have done so to pant
addtona bombs? Or perhaps someone n McVegh's car made t a**ear that he
was dong so? A fa-guy for the rea bombers?
"If McVegh was totay outsde the aw, he certany woudn't have snugged up
aganst them ke drvng nto that basement that mornng," sad Davd Ha,
genera manager of KPOC-TV n Ponca Cty, Okahoma, who has nvestgated the
ATF's roe n the bombng."
Yet Ha doesn't beeve "the ATF or the FBI or anybody went around and wred
coumns or anythng ke that. What he (Partn) sad was that there may have been
some exposves stored by some coumns that went off. I don't fee that those
peope set out to k 168 peope n Okahoma Cty ntentonay. But I thnk that
because of ncompetence on ther part that very we may have happened n two or
three dfferent ways."
Shorty after the bombng, an undentfed wtness caed Representatve Key and
tod hm that she saw two men n the garage who appeared to be "sawng" on the
pars. The men were workng n amost tota darkness. When she asked them
what they were dong, they sad, "We're |ust puttng thngs rght agan."
Were they "puttng thngs rght," or were they weakenng the support coumns |ust
enough to make sure that they'd fa at the approprate moment?
|90|
Then, on the Frday before the bombng, HUD worker |ane Graham notced three
men n the garage whom she thought were teephone reparmen. As Graham
stated n her deposton, the men were hodng what appeared to be C-4 pastc
exposves:
"It was a bock, probaby 2 by 3 nches of 3 by 4, n that area, but t
was a putty coor - sod pece of bock - I don't know what t was. But
22
they had that and they had ths wrng. When they saw me watchng
them, they were down there and they had pans of the budng. They
were dscussng - they were argung n fact - apparenty there was a
dsagreement, because one of the men was pontng to varous areas
of the garage. They were takng about, I assume, pans of the budng.
I thought maybe they were teephone men at frst.
"When they saw me watchng them, they took the wrng - t ooked
ke cord, teephone cord - t was putty coored - they took whatever
ese was n ther hand, they put a of that back nto a paper sack, they
put t n the drver's sde, behnd the passenger seat |of a| pae green,
sghty faded staton wagon."
Graham ater tod me that one of the men was hodng a one by two by three nch
devce that ooked ke "some sort of ccker, ke a sma TV remote-contro," she
sad.
The men stopped workng abrupty when they saw Graham. "They ooked
uncomfortabe," she sad. "They were as ntent ookng at me as I was at them."
She aso stated that the men were not wearng unforms and were not drvng a
teephone or eectrc company truck. They were, however, very we but. They
"obvousy fted weghts" sad Graham.
(Graham's account s backed up by IRS worker Kathy Wburn, who aso saw the
tro of men n the garage, as dd a HUD empoyee named |oan.)
||91||
Athough the FBI ntervewed Graham, they never showed her any pctures or
brought her before a sketch artst. "They ony wanted to know f I coud dentfy
McVegh or Nchos," she sad. "I sad t was nether of these two gentemen."
|92|
A ca to the oca eectrc, teephone, and natura gas companes reveaed that the
men were not authorzed reparmen. Nor were they constructon workers
nspectng the premses for a proposed renovaton pro|ect by the Genera Servces
Admnstraton (GSA). The 20 or so contractors nvoved n that bd stated
emphatcay that the men were not ther empoyees.
|93|
Davd Ha (who stopped workng on the case n ate 1995 due to an IRS audt)
wasn't aware of the Graham deposton, he dd drop a bombshe.
"We do know that exposves were devered there wthout a doubt. We know there
were sx boxes of 25 to 35 pounds marked 'hgh exposves' devered to the
budng two weeks pror to the exposon. We had contact wth the truck drver
who was nvoved n that devery. The name of the truckng company s Tr-State,
ocated n |opn, Mssour."
Tr-state. s an exposves carrer.
"We've taked to the drver," sad Ha. "We've taked to two drvers. Nobody knows
what was n them because they were boxed and marked 'hgh exposve.'"
Then Ha dropped another bombshe.
"We aso know that the ATF had a magazne nsde the budng, whch was ega.
But the foor was bown out of that magazne. And there's some queston about
what was n there too that created that damage, because that was a foot of
concrete that was bown out of that magazne."
|94|
23
Whe severa other unexpoded bombs were pued out of the wreckage, none
were wdey mentoned.
One such bomb was a 2 X 2 foot box marked "Hgh Exposves" which had a timer
on it. Ths was confrmed by Okahoma Cty Fre Marsha Dck Mer. The tmng
mechansm apparenty had been set to detonate at ten mnutes after nne.
Apparenty t had mafunctoned due to the nta bast.
|95|
Accordng to Ton Garrett, a nurse who was on the scene taggng dead bodes.
"Four peope - rescue workers - tod us there was a bomb n the budng wth a
tmng mechansm set to go off ten mnutes after nne." Accordng to Garrett,
wtnesses tod her t was an actve bomb. "We saw the bomb squad take t
away."
|96|
Ths fact was confrmed by an Okahoma Cty Poce offcer who nadvertenty
began to wak nto the budng when a freman yeed, "Hey dot, that's a bomb!"
The stunned offcer ooked over and saw the 2 X 2 box surrounded by poce crme
tape. He then heard the freman ye, "There's one over there and another over
there! We're watng for the bomb squads to come back from haung off the
others."
Investgator Ph O'Haoran has B Martn of the Okahoma Cty Poce Department
on tape statng that one of the bombs found n the budng was two to three fve-
gaon contaners of Mercury Fumnate - a powerfu exposve - one not easy
obtanabe except to mtary sources.
|97|
Ctzens montorng poce rados heard the foowng conversaton on the mornng
of the 19th:
%irst oice: "Boy, you're not gonna' beeve ths!"
!econd oice: "Beeve what?"
%irst oice: "I can't beeve t. ths s a mtary bomb!"
|98|
Apparenty, the contaners, wth "Mspec" (mtary specfcaton) markngs ceary
vsbe, were found n the basement. Coud ths expan what McVegh's car was
dong n the underground parkng garage? Mercury Fumnate s a hghy voate
booster matera. Voate enough to create a very powerfu exposon.
|99|
Shorty thereafter, a freman up on the thrd foor of the budng notced two
mtary ambuances pu up to the budng, and saw severa men n dark fatgues
carryng stretchers from the budng to the watng ambuances. What were on the
stretchers were not bodes, but boxes, whch appeared to contan documents. One
of the stretchers had on t what appeared to be a msse aunch tube. The msse,
apparenty part of the Army recrutng offce's dspay, was confrmed the 61st EOD
to be nert.
|100||101|
What s aso nterestng s that Genera Partn stated the budng's support
structures faed prmary at the thrd foor eve. In specuatng who woud have
access at that |uncture, t may be reevant to note that the Department of Defense
(DoD) was on the thrd foor, ad|onng coumn B-3, whch Partn beeves contaned
the man detonaton charge.
|102|
24
Partn was aso nformed by an acquantance n the CIA that severa of ther
personne who examned the ste dscovered Mercury Fumnate resdue on severa
rooftops near the budng.
|103|
Around the same tme as the Egn Ar Force Base report was beng made pubc,
Wam Northrop, a former Israe ntegence agent, tod me that a frend n the
CIA's Drectorate of Operatons nformed hm that there was pastc exposve
resdue on the budng's coumns.
Addng more fue to the theory of an nsde |ob was the dsmembered mtary eg
found n the wreckage - a eg not beongng to any of the known vctms.
(Athough authortes woud ater attempt to attrbute the eg to Arman Lakesha
Levy.)
Nor was the oca meda attrbutng the bombng to the work of amateurs. "Rght
now, they are sayng that ths s the work of a sophstcated group," stated a KFOR-
TV newscaster. "Ths s the work of a sophstcated devce, and t had to have been
done by an exposves expert, obvousy, wth ths type of exposon."
|104|
Even Governor Frank Keatng tod oca news statons: "The reports I have s that
one devce was deactvated, and there's another devce, and obvousy whatever
dd the damage to the Murrah Budng was a tremendous, very sophstcated
exposve devce."
Newscasters ve on the scene coud be heard throughout the day announcng, "We
have reports of two other bombs pued out of the budng," and "The second two
devces were arger than the frst," and so on:
K%O& Channel ': The FBI has confrmed there s another bomb n the
Federa Budng. It's n the East sde of the budng. They've moved
everybody back severa bocks, obvousy to, uh, unpug t so t wont go
off. They're movng everybody back. It's a. t's a werd scene because
at frst everybody was runnng when they gave the word to get
everybody away from the scene, but now peope are |ust standng
around knd of starng. It's a very surrea, very strange scene.
Now, we want to get some nformaton out to peope, to peope who
are n the downtown area. You don't want to stand on the sdewak,
and the reason for that s there are gas mans underneath and f
there's a second exposon, that those gas mans coud bow. But,
agan, we do have confrmaton. There s a second bomb n the Federa
Budng. We know t's on the east sde. We're not sure what foor, what
eve, but there s defntey danger of a ma|or second exposon.
They're warnng everybody to get as far back as they can. They're
tryng to get the bomb defused rght now. They are n the process of
dong t, but ths coud take some tme. They're teng peope that ths
s somethng to take very serousy, and not to sp forward to get a
ook at ths, because ths thng coud defntey go off.
KWT( Channel ): A rght, we |ust saw, f you were watchng, there,
there was a whte pckup truck backng a traer nto the scene here.
They are tryng to get peope out of the way so that they can get t n.
25
Appears to be the Okahoma Bomb Squad. It's ther Bomb Dsposa
Unt, s what t s, and t s what they woud use f, f, the report that we
gave you |ust a few mnutes ago s correct, that a second exposve
devce of some knd s nsde the budng. They' back that traer n
there, and the Bomb Squad foks w go n and they' use that traer.
You see the bucket on the back? Ths s how they woud transport the
Exposve Devce away from ths popuated area. They woud try to do
somethng.
Fnay, KFOR announced:
The second exposve was found and defused. The thrd exposve was
found - and they are workng on t rght now as we speak. (
understand that +oth the second and the third e#*losies were lar%er
than the first.
|105|
|Paramedc Tffany Smth, who was workng wth other rescue personne n the
Murrah Budng that mornng, cams she was tod by a back-suted ATF agent that
another bomb had been found attached to a gas ne.
|106|
|
When Channe 4 ntervewed terrorsm expert Dr. Randa Heather at
approxmatey 1:00 P.M. he stated: "We shoud fnd out an awfu ot, when these
bombs are taken apart.. We got ucky today, f you can consder anythng about
ths tragedy ucky. It's actuay a great stroke of uck, that we've got defused
bombs. It's through the bomb matera that we' be abe to track down who
commtted ths atrocty."
|107|
In fact, t s uncertan f the bombs were taken apart and examned. As stated n a
report prepared by the Natona Fre Protecton Assocaton: "The devce was
removed n the sherff's bomb traer and expoded n a remote ocaton."
|108||109|
Incredby, a these reports were qucky hushed up and dened ater on. Suddeny,
the addtona bombs nsde the budng became a car-bomb outside the budng,
then a van contanng 2,000 pounds of ANFO, then a truck contanng 4,800
pounds.
Governor Keatng, who hmsef had reported a second devce, woud ater reverse
hs poston, eadng a statewde cover-up procamng that Representatve Key and
others nvestgatng addtona bombs and suspects were "howng at the moon,"
and "off the reservaton."
When |.D. Cash, a |ournast wrtng for the Mc!urtain !ounty ,a-ette, tred to
ntervew members of the Bomb Squad, Fre Department and Poce, he was
generay tod by potenta ntervewees, "I saw a ot that day, I wsh I hadn't. I have
a wfe, a |ob, a famy. I've been threatened, we've been tod not to tak about the
devces."
|110|
When I attempted to ntervew two members of the Sherff's Bomb Squad who
were frst on the scene, they tod me there were no addtona bombs taken away
or detonated. When questoned further they became vsby uptght and referred
me to ther superor.
One aw-enforcement offca who had a tte more practce at yng was Okahoma
Cty FBI SAC Bob Rcks, the master propagandst of Waco fame, who cooy stated
26
to the press, "We never dd fnd another devce.. we confrmed that no other
devce exsted."
|111|
The ATF, who ntay dened even havng any exposves n the budng,
eventuay recanted ther statements and tod reporters that the 2 X 2 foot box was
a "tranng bomb." I asked Genera Partn f there coud be such a thng as an ATF
"tranng bomb."
"I woud certany not thnk so," sad Partn. "Look, when you have an EOD team -
EOD teams are very we traned peope. And any tranng devce woud have to be
so abeed - so abeed. And the EOD peope who were there were camng t was
exposves."
|112|
Former ATF man Rck Sherrow had hs own thoughts on the ssue of tranng
bombs. "A the fed offces have that matera (tranng bombs). It's 100 percent
on the outsde - weghs the same, ooks the same, but t has no f - no nert
markngs or anythng ese. I can't say absoutey that's what was found n the
budng, but t's more than key. They had stun grenades too, whch are ve. They
can't contrbute or anythng |to the damage|, but they ed about t, and that |ams
up ther credbty."
|113|
Cash ntervewed GSA workers who heped the ATF unoad ther arsena room two
weeks after the bast. Cash descrbed n a seres of ,a-ette artces begnnng on
May 4, 1995, how the ATF had stored weapons, exposves and ammunton n the
Murrah Budng n contraventon of the very aws they were supposed to enforce:
Both the Acoho, Tobacco and Frearms Bureau (ATF) and the Drug
Enforcement Bureau (DEA) had exposves and weapons - ncudng
an ant-tank msse - egay stored n the budng when t bew up
Apr 19, the Mc!urtain ,a-ette has earned. An eyewtness observer
tod the ,a-ette recenty of assstng federa agents to remove
weapons and exposve devces from a partay-damaged arsena
nsde the Federa Budng after the exposon.
|114|
Lester Martz, ATF Speca Agent n Charge for the regon, dened ths. "That ocker
was ntact," sad Martz n an ntervew wth the "allas Mornin% News, and wth the
author. Martz went on to say that the basted out area between coumns B-2 and
B-4 was the resut of DEA ordnance. Yet the DEA offces were on the west side of
the budng on the seventh foor, nowhere near that area. The ATF offces,
however, were n cose proxmty to t, beng ocated n the top rear corner of the
budng, on the east sde.
ATF offcas were adamant n denyng that no exposves were stored n the
budng. But t seems they dd have C-4. OCPD Offcer Don Brownng, who vewed
vdeo footage taken by Sherff Mevn Sumter, says C-4 was "defntey" carred out
of the budng. Brownng, a Vetnam veteran, descrbed the exposves he saw: "It
was n wde bocks, about 3/4" thck, around 10" ong, and about 2" wde, wrapped
n ceophane."
|115||116|
Cash ntervewed at east one unnamed wtness who descrbed hepng ATF agents
remove ordnance from ther storage ocker:
27
"One nght, up on the nnth foor, where the ATF offces |were|, I heped
some of ther agents oad onto an eevator sma arms, machne guns,
severa cases of ammunton and even some boxes marked
'Exposves'" he sad.
|117|
The ,a-ette ntervewed two more wtnesses who asssted n the post bombng
cean-up. One, a cvan contractor hred by the GSA, tod the ,a-ette |uy 30th:
"They had everythng! .home-made zp guns, AK-47s, sawed-off
shotguns, AR-15s, M-16s - teray hundreds of guns. You name t,
they had t a. any knd of weapon you coud ever want." He aso sad
he recas seeng an ATF agent wth a fve-gaon bucket of hand-
grenades.
"They carred out every concevabe type of frearm known to man," Cash tod
vdeo producer Chuck Aen, "ncudng hundreds of thousands of rounds of
ammunton, boxes marked exposves, hand grenades, everythng short of a
Russan T-72 tank." Fnay, a wtness tod the ,a-ette:
"What was eft of that |ATF magazne| room s n the far south-east end
of the nnth foor, but much of t was bown away and |apparenty|
dsappeared nto the rubbe rght on top of the Amerca's Kds Day Care
Center."
The area |ust beow the ATF's arsena room - the coned-n area on the far eft
(south-east) sde of the budng seen n aera photographs - s where most of the
casuates occurred. Ths area extends one to two stores beow the street eve.
(See Appendx)
Apparenty, ths s not the frst tme such a "mshap" has occurred. Approxmatey
10 years ago, some captured Sovet ordnance, ncudng rockets wth hgh-
exposve warheads, wound up stored at FBI headquarters n Washngton, D.C.
There was a subsequent fre, and the expodng ordnance caused more than a
tte consternaton among frefghters, especay when one rocket took off and
basted a two-foot dameter hoe n a cnder bock wa. When the story eaked out,
the ATF reacted by removng more than 30 pounds of exposves from ther offces
down the street.
|118|
In Aen's vdeo, Cash makes the asserton that the massve nterna damage to the
budng was the resut of secondary exposons caused by these egay stored
exposves. The ordnance, whch ncuded percusson caps for C-4 (and C-4 tsef),
had faen from ther nnth foor storage area after the nta truck bast, Cash
suggests, to one of the ower foors, where t detonated, causng massve nterna
damage. Accordng to Cash's experts, athough C-4 s reatvey safe to hande, t
can be set off wth 3500 p.s.. of pressure.
Genera Partn dsagrees wth Cash's anayss, expanng: "For anythng to have
tumbed down from up there and done the ncreased damage s techncay
mpossbe. If somethng had faen after that secton had coapsed and caused
an exposon that brought down |coumn| B-3, the thng woud not have cropped
28
the way t dd. If you ook up there at the top eft hand sde, you don't see anythng
up there that woud ndcate that you had a bg bow-out at the top. If t had, t
woudn't of had anythng to do wth the coumn coapsng down beow - they're
too far away."
I asked Partn f C-4 coud expode due to the ncreased ar pressure resutng from
the truck bast, from the weght of fang debrs, or smpy by fang eght or nne
stores.
"Look," sad Partn, "C-4 s knda' tough to get to go; ammonum ntrate s even
tougher. It takes a rea ntense shock wave to get that knd of exposve to go."
Partn then added, "I thought I expaned t to Cash, but I guess he's persstng wth
hs story."
Why Cash woud persst wth hs story whe argey sde-steppng Partn's anayss
s curous. Yet f the ATF were responsbe for the secondary exposon, t woud
seem they woud have reason to e.
|119|
|Not ony were they storng exposves
egay n a pubc budng contanng a day-care center, but amost the entre
contngent of approxmatey 13 agents was absent on the day of the bombng
(more on ths ater).|
Was the ATF n fact responsbe, knowngy or unknowngy, for the exposon that
destroyed the Murrah budng? Consder the foowng artce whch appeared n
the |une 5, 1995 ssue of Newsweek:
For the past year, the ATF and the Army Corps of Engneers have been
bowng up car bombs at the Whte Sands Provng Ground n New
Mexco. The pro|ect, code-named Dpoe Mght, s desgned to create a
computer mode to unrave terrorst car-and truck-bomb attacks. By
concdence, a ATF agent assgned to Dpoe Mght, happened to be n
Okahoma Cty on Apr 19th, workng at the Federa Courthouse, whch
stands across the street from the Murrah Budng. He saw the
devastaton and caed the ATF offce n Daas. The Murrah Budng
had |ust been ht by 'ANFO' (ammonum matera) bomb of at east
severa thousand pounds, he reported. Wthn mnutes, exposves
agents traned under Dpoe Mght were dspatched to the scene. They
dentfed the type and sze of the bomb amost mmedatey.
|ust how ths agent (Harry Eberhardt) was abe to mmedatey ascertan the
budng had been bown up by an ANFO bomb, when no forensc anayss had yet
been conducted, s uncear. When Ph O'Haoran, a freeance |ournast, attempted
to ask the ATF Pubc Reatons Bureau why a Dpoe Mght expert |ust happened to
be n the courthouse at that moment, and how he coud mmedatey have known
the exact nature of the bomb, O'Haoran, rather than gven a ratona expanaton,
was accused of attackng the agency and was promsed a fax of agency vews on
Rght-wng conspracsts (whch never arrved).
|120|
It s aso uncear why was the Sherff's Bomb Squad was n the parkng ot between
the Murrah Budng and the Federa Courthouse at 7:45 that mornng. The Bomb
Squad denes beng there. But Norma Smth and other Federa Courthouse
empoyees reca seeng the Bomb Squad's dstnctve whte truck. "We dd wonder
29
what t was dong n our parkng ot," recaed Smth. "|okngy, I sad, 'We, I guess
we' fnd out soon enough.'"
|121|
Okahoma Cty attorney Dane |. Adomts tod the Forth Worth Star-Tele%ram he
aso saw the Bomb Squad there that mornng. "As I was passng the back sde of
the County Courthouse, I notced a truck wth a traer and the truck sad 'Bomb
Dsposa.' I remember thnkng as I passed that , 'Gee, I wonder f they had a bomb
threat at the county courthouse?'"
|122|
Was the bomb squad aerted that somethng was n the works? Not accordng to
the ever-controvertfu Lester Martz. "I have not come across any nformaton that
any knd of bomb unt was at the budng pror to the bombng," announced Martz
wth a straght face at the same tme he auded the herosm of Luke Franey, the
ATF agent who supposedy "karate-kcked" hs way through three was.
|123|
What s certan s that the Murrah Budng had a bomb threat one week pror to the
19th. Mchae Hnton remembers ookng out the wndow of hs YMCA room a week
before and seeng about 200-300 peope gathered outsde. The ncdent ddn't |og
hs memory unt the oca TV networks announced on the mornng of the bast that
the Federa Budng had receved a threat |ust a week before.
|124|
Nurse Ton Garret recaed takng to severa peope who sad there had been bomb
threats two weeks pror to the bombng. "The FBI and the ATF knew that these
bomb threats were rea, and they dd nothng about t."
Terrorsm expert Dr. Randa Heather confrmed these reports, addng, "I know that
there had been a threat phoned n to the FBI ast week, but I don't know what the
nature of that was."
|125|
Accordng to the Okahoma Cty Fre Department, the FBI phoned n a warnng on
Apr 14, amost a week before the bombng. Assstant Fre Chef Chares Ganes
tod Genn Wburn, who ost two grandsons n the bast, that there was never any
warnng. The grevng grandfather then waked down the ha to Assstant Chef
Dspatcher Harvey Weathers offce. Weathers tod Wburn n no uncertan terms
that the Fre Department had ndeed receved a warnng on Apr 14. Reatng
Ganes' apparent oss of memory to Weathers, he reped, "We, you asked me and
I tod you. I'm not gong to e for anybody.."
|126|
|Of course, one person perfecty wng to e for eery+ody was FBI SAC Bob
Rcks.| When asked durng a press conference f the FBI had receved a warnng,
Rcks sad, "The FBI n Okahoma Cty has not receved any threats to ndcate that
a bombng was about to take pace."
Interestng pay on words. Was Rcks surrepttousy suggestng that one of the
other FBI offces had receved a warnng? Or was there smpy no reason for the FBI
to receve a warnng because they were n charge of the bombng from the
begnnng?
The transparent stores of the ATF and FBI are strkngy famar to those
propounded n the wake of the 1993 Word Trade Center bombng. In that case, the
FBI had one of ts own nformants - former Egyptan Army Coone Emad E Saem
- nsde the group responsbe for the bombng. Accordng to Saem, who made
secret tapes of hs conversatons wth hs FBI hander, Nancy Foyd, her supervsor
refused to et Saem substtute a harmess powder for the rea exposve. The agent
then pued Saem off the case. Soon afterwards, the bomb bew up, kng sx
peope and n|urng amost a 1,000 more.
|127|
30
It aso seems that the "concdence" of the ATF's Dpoe Mght tests were uncanny
smar to the May 24, 1990 bombng of Earth Frst! actvst |ud Bar. The FBI
camed that Bar and her companon Dary Cherney, who were on ther way to a
peacefu protest ray, had nadvertenty bown themseves up wth ther own ppe-
bomb. After Bar sued the FBI for fase arrest and cv rghts voatons, she found
out though dscovery that the FBI ran a "bomb schoo" at Eureka Coege of the
Redwoods n Apr of 1990 for both FBI and oca poce. The casses ncuded
bowng up cars wth ppe bombs, ostensby to demonstrate the tactcs used by
terrorsts (the same reason cted n the ATF's case). The nstructor for ths "schoo
of terrorsm" was none other than Frank Doye |r., the FBI bomb squad expert who
showed up at the scene of Bar's car bombng one month ater.
Accordng to Freedom of Informaton Act records, Pro|ect Dpoe Mght was ntated
under the authorzaton of Cnton's Natona Securty Counc. One of the stated
purposes of the pro|ect was to produce computer modes of bombngs to "be
dspayed n a courtroom to ad n the prosecuton of defendants." The |ustce
Department used the vdeo tapes shot at Whte Sands durng McVegh's tra to
"prove" that an ANFO bomb bew up the budng. As Lawrence Myers, wrtng n
Media $y*ass magazne, asked:
Why the Natona Securty Counc woud fund such an ATF pro|ect,
despte the absoute rarty of the crme, has not been expaned.. Nor
has t been expaned as to what specfc threat assessment
nformaton the government had when t decded to engage n such a
pro|ect, |ust a few months before a Ryder Truck aden wth ammonum
ntrate fertzer expoded n front of the Murrah Budng.
|128|
As Myers ponts out, the ast-known case of a truck-bomb expodng n the U.S. was
n 1970, when an ANFO bomb expoded n front of the Army Math ab at the
Unversty of Wsconsn n Madson. Why then, woud the Natona Securty Counc
suddeny fee the need for detaed nformaton regardng ANFO truck-bomb
attacks?
Was the ATF expectng such a bombng? Were they n fact responsbe for bast or
the secondary damage to the budng? Or was the budng wred for demoton as
part of a arger pot?
|"I'm frmy convnced that the ATF s guty of an awfu ot of thngs," sad Bud, our
ex-Green Beret. "I mean, f you ook at what the ATF and the FBI dd to Randy
Weaver (and at Waco), t's |ust awfu. They've gone hog wd and have |become| a
power unto themseves."
Asked f he thought a rogue group or speca unt wthn the mtary/ntegence
communty coud or woud commt such an act, Bud reped "It woudn't reay stun
me."|
Next | Prevous | Contents | Text Verson
#
"The %ace of Terror"
31
.$efore the ,oernment tries to conict someone/ they try first to demoni-e him0.
- Tra awyer Gerry Spence
On May 1st, a stunned Amerca was ntroduced to "The Face of Terror." The steey-
eyed mug of Tmothy |ames McVegh, supermposed over the mp, boody body of
a tny dead chd, stared cody out at us from the cover of Time magazne.
Suddeny, there was no onger any doubt who had bombed the Murrah Budng. As
|ohn Doe No. 1 was ed from the Nobe County Courthouse n handcuffs and eg
rons, the scene was somethng akn to a medeva scrpt. "Baby Ker!" the crowd
screamed. "Burn hm! Burn hm!"
In the pages that foowed, Time and others woud set out to "revea the paranod
fe and tmes of accused bomber Tmothy McVegh and hs Rght-wng
assocates."
|129|
Wth the nk barey dry on the ndctments, the natona news
meda qucky began pumpng out story after story focusng on the trva banates
of McVegh's fe, attemptng to renforce the offca aegatons of hs gut. Whe
the New 'ork Times set the overa tone based on "eaks" from federa aw
enforcement sources, sef-styed experts came crawng out of the woodwork.
"In deepy dsturbng ways, hs s a portrat of hs generaton," qupped Dae Russak
and Serge Kovaesk, two socoogsts moonghtng for the Washin%ton )ost.
|130|
".hs tortured path - s a psychoogca portrat of hs deteroraton.." |ohn Kfner
of the New 'ork Times announced wth the authorty of a Freudan anayst. "Frst
there was McVegh's own stunted personaty and mmedate frustratons. He was
never abe to overcome a sense of abandonment by hs mother.."
|131|
"Not makng the Speca Forces was somethng that was very hard for hm to dea
wth," sad an FBI agent tranng for hs Ph.D. n psychoogy. "In hs mnd, much of
hs fe has been one of thnkng that he s a knd of Speca Forces of hs own."
|132|
Fnay: "He was the quet one," sad McVegh's former 10th grade Engsh teacher
Coeen Conner, throwng a bt of adoescent psychoogy on the stuaton. "A ot of
the quet ones are the ones who have ended up dong scary thngs.."
|133|
There t was - tra by meda. Tmothy McVegh must be guty, after a, they put
hs face on the cover of Time magazne.
|134|
|Time. As |ournast |on Rappaport put t, "the home of fanty patronzng stores
that go nowhere." Lke the carefuy manufactured mage of Lee Harvey Oswad,
the meda woud construct a menagere reaty of Tmothy |ames McVegh, sutabe
for pubc consumpton.|
Fortunatey, n the avaanche of artces that woud foow, sma hnts of reaty
woud occasonay seep through the mre.
32
"That |ust doesn't rng true to me, as to the person I knew," sad Sheffed
Anderson, a correctona offcer who had gone through basc tranng wth McVegh
and served wth hm n the Guf. "In that pcture of hm comng out of the
courthouse, he ooks ke a rea mean guy. But I ddn't sense anythng out of the
ordnary. McVegh was a ratona type guy, a thnkng type person. The bombng
thng s totay contrary to the person I knew."
|135|
"The Tmothy McVegh I taked wth ddn't seem ke a baby ker," sad former
Army Coone Davd Hackworth about hs Newsweek ntervew wth McVegh.
|136|
Durng an ntervew on Prme Tme Lve, Lana Pada, Terry Nchos ex-wfe, tod
Dane Sawyer, "It's not the same person. I mean, you know."
!a*yer: "The stony face."
+adilla: "No."
|137|
"It became obvous durng the hour-ong dscusson that Tmothy McVegh s
nether a monster nor a madman," wrote Lawrence Myers, who ntervewed
McVegh for Media $y*ass magazne. "He eft the mpresson that he s a man wth
strong convctons and a sense of honor."
|138|
So |ust who s Tmothy |ames McVegh? Is he a hardened ker as the press and
federa authortes have made hm out to be? Or s he an ordnary man who
became caught up n a compcated web of ntrgue and decepton?
"Timmy"
Tmothy |ames McVegh was born n Pendeton, New York on Apr 23, 1968, a sma
workng cass town of 5,000 peope |ust outsde of Buffao. Tm was the second
chd of B McVegh, an auto worker, and Mdred, a trave agent. The eder
McVegh, 55, coached Ltte League and ran bngo nght at the oca cathoc
church, spendng hs free tme gofng, or putzng n hs garden. A heavy wooded
rura area, young Tm spent hs tme hkng or payng sports wth the
neghborhood boys.
"He ved a few houses down from me, sad boyhood frend Keth Maurer. "We
payed hockey, baseba and |ust about every other sport n the neghborhood. He
wasn't the best athete n the bunch, but he showed up to pay every day and he
aways payed hard."
The brght and nventve youngster aso spent hs tme engagng n nove actvtes
such as settng up a haunted house n hs basement, where he charged admsson,
or hodng weekend casno fars, where he acted as the deaer.
"He was very advanced for our age, "Maurer sad. "I remember sayng to mysef: I
woudn't have thought of that."
Pat Waugh, a neghbor, sad "I used to thnk to mysef, that kd s gong to go
somewhere |ust because he's such a mover and shaker. I pctured hm growng up
to be a saesman, sort of a shyster."
When Tm's mom moved out n |une of 1984, the outgong young McVegh became
more reserved, as he and hs ssters, Patty and |ennfer, attempted to dea wth the
trauma of the breakup. Reverend Pau Bezer of the Good shepherd Roman
33
Cathoc Church n Pendeton knew the famy for 20 years. "Peope asked me,
wasn't Tm crushed? But he ddn't seem to be. He ved n the same house, had the
same frends. Yeah, he'd have to mss hs mother, but so many of the anchors were
there."
Yanya Panepento, a cassmate of Tm's recaed, He was a quet boy. He kept to
hmsef. He ddn't seem ke he was a troube maker or anythng ke that."
Yet, nne months after the bombng, the Times |ohn Kfner woud wrte, "As
commonpace as ths seems, crmnoogsts say, these trats are often the stuff of
sera kers, terrorsts and other sotary murderers."
To the armchar psychoanaysts of the manstream/tabod meda, the breakup
woud be the frst of two ma|or events - the second beng hs nta faure to
make the Speca Forces - that woud profoundy and adversey affect the young
McVegh's personaty. The frst ndcatons of ths came when reporters dscovered
n hs hgh schoo yearbook that Tm had been voted "most takatve" by hs senor
cass.
"The ony thng I can remember s that he was very qute and pote," recaed
Cecea Maty|as, who taught 10th grade geometry. "He ddn't cause any probems
n cass. He seemed to be cooperatve and attentve. He was on the track team and
the cross-country team, so he was abe to get aong wth others."
Brandon Stckney, a |ournast contracted to produce an unauthorzed bography of
McVegh for Prometheus Books, sad "Tm was not the most takatve out of hs
cass of 194 students, but he was by no means ntroverted. He was certany an
outgong young man who had many frends and acquantances."
Yet none of these easy to check facts were ever mentoned n the voumous
artces whch appeared n the Times. Kfner, the Times "resdent anayst,"
procamed wth surety, "He was never abe to overcome a sense of abandonment
by hs mother, who eft the famy when he was a boy; nor coud he fnd a home
outsde the Army."
Backng up Kfner was |ohn Dougas of the FBI's Psychoogca Profe Unt, who
camed McVegh was "asoca, asexua, a oner, wthdrawn, from a famy wth
probems, strong feengs of nadequacy from eary n fe, an underachever."
"I thnk t's a bunch of psychobabe f you ask me, f you want to know the truth,"
sad |ennfer, Tm's younger sster. "We were free to ve wth who we wanted. We
coud vst the other parent whenever we wanted. There was no btterness
between my parents."
"There's nothng there, added McVegh hmsef, respondng to the meda's anayss
of hm n a |uy 3rd ntervew wth Newsweek.
Apparenty, Dougas and the so-caed |ournasts from the New 'ork Times never
bothered to check on the fact that Tm had many frends, ncudng severa
grfrends ater n fe, was cose to hs Father and hs sster |ennfer, and was a
Regents Schoar.
Not to be hamstrung by such mnor detas |as checkng on facts|, the Times and
the )ost qucky |umped on the dea that Tm was nterested n frearms. "In a
regon of huntng enthusasts, t caused tte str when Tm, at 10, became
nterested n guns. But a cose reatve sad that the famy saw ths as a bd for
attenton by a boy who ddn't know how ese to ask for t."
34
"He had a semautomatc BB gun that coud fre 15 rounds wth the pu of a
trgger," added the )ost. "Other boys had ony snge-shot varetes. Tm used to
show them at schoo how he hed t, posng poce-stye wth hands casped
together. Durng borng casses, when other students dooded, he drew guns."
In fact, Tm's father dd buy hm a .22-caber rfe, whch the young McVegh woud
use for target practce n the woods behnd hs home. Yet apparenty Tm was not
the young bood-thrsty adventurer the meda made hm out to be. "I remember
startng to hunt at age 11," sad hs frend Keth Maurer, "and Tm never had any
nterest n ths."
McVegh was ater abe to nduge n hs nterests n frearms as a securty guard for
Burke Armored, where he worked for a year or so n 1987. |eff Camp, McVegh's co-
worker, noted that he had a keen nterest n guns, athough he ddn't fnd t
unusua snce most fu-tme securty guards and aw enforcement personne
owned an assortment of frearms, he sad.
One story eagery crcuated amongst the press s that McVegh showed up at
Burke one day wth a huge Desert Eage psto and bandoeers sung n an "X"
across hs chest. "He came to work ookng ke Rambo," recaed Camp. "It ooked
ke Word War III."
Yet McVegh aughs off the tae, statng that he and some other empoyees were
smpy payng a |oke on ther supervsor, who was sendng them on a hgh profe
assgnment for the day. Apparenty, ther supervsor was not amused.
Accordng to the )ost, McVegh aso worked as a gun saesman at a sportng goods
store n Lockport.
"Guns were the entre foca pont of the 27-year-od Mr. McVegh's fe," wrote the
Times1 Kfner.
"Ths obsesson wth weapons - a form of power - s an overcompensaton for
deep-rooted feengs of nadequacy," added the FBI's Dougas, attemptng to drve
another na nto McVegh's coffn.
One must wonder f an nterest n stamp coectng or brd watchng - other
egtmate hobbes - coud be construed as a "bd for attenton." The author -
much more of a "troube maker" n hs formatve years than Tmothy McVegh -
personay remembers hs own nterest n guns, and even mtary armor. Lke
motorcyces, fast cars or other macho symbos, such nterests pass as one
matures. Yet federa authortes, wth the backng of the corporate-owned meda,
attempted to make ths a cornerstone of ther psuedo-psychoogca case aganst
McVegh. He was "obsessed wth guns," ergo, he s a mad bomber. I doubt f a the
gun enthusasts n the country woud be peased to know they are, by assocaton,
beng mpcated as mad bombers.
Not to be deterred, )ost reporters dscovered that young Tm had stockped food,
campng equpment and weapons n case of a dsaster ".n case of a nucear
attack or the Communsts took over the country," sad an anonymous neghbor n
the )ost. "Perhaps t made sense that a young boy often forced to fend for hmsef
woud fantasze about fghtng the word a aone," mused the )ost. Fghtng the
word? Or deveopng common sense at a young age? In hs Media $y*ass
ntervew, McVegh recaed that one of hs most vvd memores was the wnter
bzzard of 1977, whch dumped 15 feet of snow on Pendeton, strandng hs
mother mes away, and knockng out power and phone nes for days. The young,
35
nventve McVegh responded by hepng hs father store necesstes, even
recommendng that the oder McVegh purchase a generator.
Apparenty the armchar psychoanaysts of the manstream press fet ths
ndcatve of eary creepng paranoa, rather than the natura combnaton of the
actve magnaton and common sense nherent n a remarkabe nne-year od boy.
If the youngster was concerned about Communsts, one ony need ask where such
fears were ncubated.
The )ost, keepng wth the propaganda of Tmothy McVegh as underachever, was
quoted as sayng "Tm's hgh-schoo yearbook entry n 1986 sted no organzed
actvtes (he omtted the track team), rather: 'stayng away from schoo, osng
seep, fndng t n schoo.'"
Yet even the )ost admtted that Tm's gudance counseor, Harod Smth, sad that
he had not mssed a day of casses from seventh through twefth grade. Far from
beng an underachever, hs record ndcates a young man wth remarkabe
dscpne.
|ustn Gertner, who knew McVegh snce second grade recas, "he hung around
wth the ntegenty ete at Starpont. Tm was n the Regent's program n our
schoo for advanced pacement students who panned on attendng coege. He
aso created and ran our computer buetn board system."
In fact, McVegh exceed n computers, takng every avaabe computer cass n
hgh schoo. He even desgned hs own computer program. "That was the age
when there was no software to speak of, and t wasn't user frendy," sad a teacher
who asked to reman anonymous, "But Tm and some other kds went out and dd
ths.. In a way, that was fary advanced. Ths demonstrates hs brght mnd and
hs abty."
Ths brght mnd and abty ed McVegh to Bryant & Stratton Busness Coege n
Wamsve, N.Y. to study advanced COBOL and FORTRAN programmng
anguages. In spte of hs abtes, opportuntes for decent empoyment were
uncertan n Buffao n the md-1980s. Buffao, ke the rest of the Rust Bet, was
experencng the worst of economc trends. Severa stee and auto pants had shut
down, and two ma|or banks faed, throwng thousands of whte-coar workers out
of |obs and causng downturns n rea-estate, advertsng, aw and other feds.
|139|
"There are no |obs around here uness you want to work for $6 an hour or ess at a
McDonad's or Wendy's," sad B McVegh. "It's rough for anybody ookng for
work."
McVegh apparenty dd not fee comfortabe that hs auto-worker father was
payng for most of hs coege tuton. So n December 1987, he took a |ob wth
Burke Armored Truck (now known as Armored Servces of Amerca) n
Cheektowaga, near Buffao.
"He was a very aert guard." sad |eff Camp, McVegh's co-worker. "He worked a ot
of overtme and was pote wth our customers." McVegh was aso moody, rangng
from ntense to quet. "If someone was drvng bady, cuttng us off or nterferng
wth our schedue, he coud get pretty mad," added Camp. "Hs face woud turn red
and he woud ye and scream nsde the truck, athough he camed down pretty
fast." (Smar to the way the author drves.) Camp aso descrbed an ncdent
where a woman had ht ther truck. Athough the woman was upset, McVegh
36
camed her down and tod her not to worry, that there was no damage to the truck,
and that he woud even report t as ther faut, whch t wasn't.
|140|
McVegh worked at Burke from Apr of 1987 t May of 1988. By the tme he was
19, McVegh had but up a substanta savngs account and he and a frend, Davd
Darak, acqured 10 acres of and for $7,000 at a huntng and campng retreat
north of Oean, N.Y. The two young men bought the and as an nvestment, and to
use for campng and for target practce.
|141|
Reported the )ost:
"Robert Morgan, who ves nearby, sad hs father Chare once caed
the state poce to compan about a the gunfre. 'My dad turned hm
n," he sad. "One day t sounded ke a war out there. Sometmes he'd
come down durng the week, sometmes the weekend. He had on
huntng cothes. Camoufage.'"
|142|
Whe the press made much out of the fact that McVegh and hs frends used the
and for target practce, t shoud be noted that McVegh was aw-abdng and dd
not have a crmna record.
By the Sprng of 1988, the young securty guard fet he was gong nowhere. He
was workng n a reatvey ow-wage |ob whe stenng to the fate of those who
had been ad-off whe workng other |obs. Tm's father stened wth concern as
Tm vented hs frustraton, companng that he was unempoyabe except at |obs
that pad "no money." One nght B McVegh and a frend from the auto pant
suggested that the younger McVegh enter the servce.
"B and I had both been n the servce," the frend sad, "and one nght we sad to
Tm, 'That's what you ought to do: go n the servce.' A week ater, he had |oned."
"It happened n a spt second," sad Tm's co-worker |eff Camp. "He ddn't te
anyone he was |onng. He |ust came to work one day and sad he was gong n the
Army.
|143|
I never saw a guy who wanted to go n the Army that bad. I asked hm
why the Army, and he sad 'You get to shoot.' He aways wanted to carry an M-
16."
|144|
Keth Maurer sad, "I coudn't see hm |onng the mtary. He had a ot of optons.
He was very smart. I ddn't see the mtary as the one he needed to take."
|But to McVegh, who saw hs career optons n economcay depressed Upstate
New York as beak, the Army made perfect sense.| The Army hed the possbty of
trave and adventure for a boy from a sma town. In the Army, he coud choose hs
specaty, ndugng hs nterest n frearms or computers.
On May 24, McVegh drove the 25 mes to the Army recrutng offce n Buffao,
and sgned up for a three-year htch. "In a coupe of days he was gone," sad
Camp.
!ergeant Mac
McVegh arrved at Fort Bennng, Georga on May 30, and was assgned to Echo
Company, 4th Battaon, 36th Infantry Regment, 2nd Tranng Brgade. The unt
was a COHORT unt, an acronym for "Coheson Operatona Readness and
Tranng." In a COHORT unt, soders were supposed to stay together for ther
entre three-year enstment perod. The COHORT concept orgnated n 1980, n an
attempt to correct the probem of sendng n raw green recruts for those who had
been ked n batte. The Army dscovered that many new repacements had
37
dffcuty ad|ustng to a new unt n the heat of batte, resutng n a hgher number
of casuates. Moreover, Pentagon studes from the Vetnam War era suggested
that soders who had deveoped bonds of frendshp were more key to perform
courageousy. Unfortunatey, the Army soon deveoped a new probem: many of
the soders became sck of each other after three years, resutng n soders
commttng sucde or gong AWOL.
Athough McVegh orgnay wanted to try out for Army Ranger Schoo, he ddn't
want to wat for an avaabe openng, and decded to |on the nfantry mmedatey.
As he sound found out, he had been msed by the Army recruter. Once n the
COHORT unt, t was not possbe for hm to enter Army Ranger Schoo. Yet the
dsapponted young recrut qucky made the best of the stuaton, scorng a hgh
126 ponts on hs Genera Technca test score, puttng hm n the top 10 percente
among new recruts.
"McVegh was reay motvated to be a good soder and performed we at
everythng expected of hm," sad assstant patoon eader Gen "Tex" Edwards.
"You coud oad that boy up wth 140 pounds of gear and he woud carry t a day
on the march wthout companng. He was thn as a ra but he never fe out of
formaton," sad Edwards, recang the hot Georga summer of 1988. " It was the
worst tme of the year to go through the course, but t dd not seem to bother
McVegh one bt."
Athough McVegh ddn't have many cose frends durng basc tranng, one person
he woud deveop a cose frendshp wth was Terry Nchos. Nchos, 13 years
McVegh's senor, was promoted to patoon eader due to hs age and maturty.
Despte ther age dfference however, the two men bonded, sharng smar
nterests. "Terry and Tm n boot camp went together ke magnets," sad Robn
Ltteton.
By the end of basc tranng, McVegh was promoted to prvate E-2, havng
managed to score hgher than anyone n hs battaon on hs md-cyce and end-of-
cyce testng. "Any test, he'd ace t," sad Davd Dy. "He knew exacty what the
Army wanted. It was gong to be an easy fe for hm."
On August 25, 1988, McVegh was awarded a certfcate by hs commandng
offcer, then n September the unt was shpped out to Fort Rey, Kansas, where
McVegh was assgned to the 2nd Battaon, Frst Infantry Dvson, part of the
"Dagger Brgade" of the famous "Bg Red One" that made the assaut on Normandy
durng WWII. Whe McVegh was assgned to Chare Company, Nchos went to
Bravo Company.
A mechanzed nfantry unt, 2nd Battaon was equpped wth M-2 Bradey Armored
vehces, a more sophstcated verson of the famous M-113 Armored Personne
Carrer used durng the Vetnam War. In addton to ferryng troops, the aumnum
Bradey has a turret-mounted 25mm cannon, a 7.62mm machne gun and ant-
tank msses. McVegh was the gunner on one of four Bradeys attached to Chare
Company's Frst Patoon. Naturay, he scored hgher than anyone ese n the
battaon. In 1989, hs commander seected hm as gunner on the "Dvson Dspay
Vehce," used to demonstrate the M-2 system for Pentagon offcas and vstng
dgntares.
"He was wthout a doubt the best soder I have ever traned wth," sad Staff
Sergeant Abert Warnement, McVegh's supervsor at Fort Rey. He was motvated
38
and very nterested n earnng everythng he coud about beng a professona
soder."
|145|
"As far as soderng, he never dd anythng wrong," sad Todd Reger, assgned to
McVegh's Bradey. "He was aways on tme. He never got nto troube. He was
perfect. I thought he woud stay n the Army a hs fe. He was aways vounteerng
for stuff that the rest of us woudn't want to do, guard dutes, casses on the
weekend."
|146|
McVegh studed every concevabe Army manua, ncudng the Ranger Handbook,
the Speca Forces Handbook, and the Improvsed Muntons Handbook. But press
reports |portrayed| McVegh as a mad bomber:
McVegh's ove of guns and exposves stood out even n the Army,
where gun overs abound. In the frst weeks of basc tranng, when
soders earn to make exposves, recaed patoon mate Frtz Curnutte,
McVegh boasted to feow soders that he aready knew how to make
a powerfu bomb usng a botte, then tod them how to make a Mootov
cockta.
|147|
Accordng to Warnement, such knowedge s not unusua for the more serous
soders, who routney studed manuas on survva, evason, resstance and
escape, and mprovsed muntons. "You have to remember," sad Warnement, "at
that tme, we were tranng to fght the Russans n Western Europe and t was
expected the Red Army woud probaby break through our nes amost
mmedatey. We were encouraged to earn how to mprovse. Our survvabty on
the battefed woud key depend on our sks n unconventona warfare."
|148|
Athough McVegh's mtary record makes no menton of forma demotons
tranng, n her book, $y $lood $etrayed, Lana Pada cas McVegh a "former Army
demotons expert."
|149|
But Sheffed Anderson, who served wth McVegh snce
basc tranng sad "He had the same tranng that the rest of the outft had."
|150|
The ony thng that dfferentated McVegh from the rest of the outft was hs
dedcaton and commtment to the mtary. "He payed the mtary 24 hours a day,
seven days a week," sad Curnutte. "A of us thought t was sy. When they'd ca
for down tme, we'd rest, and he'd throw on a rucksack and wak around the post
wth t."
Ths "sness" ed to McVegh makng sergeant ahead of the rest of hs unt. "It
was unusua to have sergeant strpes so soon," sad Reger. "The rest of us n the
Cohort |unt| were specasts," a non-supervsory rank smar to corpora.
In fact, after the bombng, when McVegh's records and test scores were shown to
a master sergeant wthout reveang hs dentty, he stated that the sub|ect "woud
make a great nfantry offcer, tanker, artery offcer or combat engneer." Hs
eectronc apttude, sad another offca, quafed hm for "reparng satete
communcatons."
|151|
"He has a very hgh IO," sad a federa source famar wth
the suspect's mtary record.
|152|
In fact, McVegh was rated among the top 5
percent n combat arms.
McVegh rented a three-bedroom house n the sprng of 1991 n Herrngton wth
Corpora |ohn Keso and Sergeant Rck Cerney. But the arrangement was not a
39
comfortabe one for McVegh, and he soon moved nto another house whch he
shared wth Sgt. Roya Wcher, who served wth McVegh n the Bradey.
The Times quoted members of the McVegh's unt camng that he had no cose
frends. "He kept to hmsef," sad Robert Handa. "He was a dedcated soder. He
oved beng a soder. I ddn't. So after duty hours he'd stay n the barracks whe
everybody ese took off, go out to town. I never saw hm go anywhere. He aways
had a hghy pressed unform." Reger recas that McVegh had a TV and a VCR and
stayed n and watched moves, or occasonay went bowng.
"The whoe thng s," sad |ohn Keso, who shared a house off-base wth McVegh
and feow soder Rchard Cerney, "he coudn't have a good tme."
"He was very shy of women - amost embarrassed," sad Anderson. "It ddn't
seem he was gay. He was |ust awkward." McVegh dsputed ths anayss n hs
Apr 15th Time ntervew, statng:
"I don't thnk there s any way to narrow my personaty down and abe
t as one thng or another. I'm |ust ke anyone ese. Moves I en|oy,
comedes, sc f. The bg msconcepton s that I'm a oner. We, I
beeve n havng my own space. But that n no way means I'm a oner.
I ke women, soca fe.."
McVegh became frends wth bombng suspect Mchae Forter whe statoned at
Fort Rey. He and Forter woud occasonay go shootng together at a frend's
farm near Tutte Creek Lake, and stop by and vst Terry Nchos at hs house near
the base.
The press was quck to pck up on McVegh ownng ots of guns he kept hdden
around hs house. Accordng to Wcher, "He had a coupe n the ktchen, a coupe
n the vng room under the couch. I thnk there was one n the bathroom, behnd
the towes. As you go up the steps there was a tte edge and he kept one n there
too, a .38 revover." "I don't know f he was paranod or what," added Wcher. "Or
maybe he had some frends that were after hm. I don't know."
|153|
Accordng to an account n 2SA Today and the Times, McVegh and Nchos, who by
now were pretty far aong n ther "ant-government" beefs, attempted to recrut
other mtary personne for a mta that Nchos was purportedy startng. Nchos
reportedy tod at east one feow soder that he'd be back to Fort Rey after hs
dscharge to recrut new men, and McVegh's co-worker at Burns Securty, Car
Lebron, woud ater te the FBI that McVegh was aways tryng to "recrut hm nto
an undescrbed group.."
|154|
Accordng to Dave Dy, one of McVegh's roommates, McVegh rented a storage
ocker n |uncton Cty, stocked wth weapons, mtary meas (MREs), and a 100-
gaon |ug of water - n case of dsaster or a Communst attack.
|155|
"He was hafway there when I knew hm," sad Dy, referrng to McVegh's Patrot
beefs. Durng McVegh's tenure at Burns Securty, McVegh woud nundate hs co-
workers wth Patrot terature, such as the S*otli%ht, artces and vdeos on Ruby
Rdge and Waco, and books such as "eta#in% America.
For hs part, McVegh says, "If you had to abe what I thnk, then I woud say I am
cosest to the vews of the Patrot movement," McVegh tod the 3ondon Sunday
Times. "For a ong tme, I thought t was best not to tak about my potca vews,
40
he added, "but mons share them, and I beeve t s gravey wrong that I shoud
aow the government to try and crucfy me |ust for beevng what I do."
Interestngy, McVegh woud te hs frend Car Lebron, who shared some of
McVegh's beefs, "A the readng you do s |ust a hobby. You stamp your feet, but
you're not dong anythng."
Another ssue the meda focused on were race probems n Chare Company, and
wth McVegh n partcuar. Reger tod the )ost that McVegh was crtczed for
assgnng undesrabe work to back soders, makng back specasts sweep out
the motor poo, work that woud have ordnary gone to prvates. Other soders
sad he made derogatory remarks about backs. "It was pretty we known, pretty
much throughout the patoon, that he was makng the back specasts do that
work," sad Reger. "He was a racst. When he taked he'd menton those words,
ke ngger. You pretty much knew he was a racst." The back soders companed
to a company commander and McVegh was reprmanded, the ony tme he ever
got nto troube accordng to Reger.
|156|
Dy sad that "Race was an ssue, ke everywhere n Amerca, but not one that
affected anyone's promoton. McVegh pcked the best man for the |ob."
Yet the Mc!urtain ,a-ette dscovered that McVegh hed membershp n the Ku
Kux Kan. Apparenty, he boasted that t was personay approved by Thom Robb,
the KKK's natona chapan. "He was a very racst person," sad Wcher.
"Chare Company as a whoe had a probem wth race," sad Captan Terry Gud,
who served brefy as McVegh's patoon commander after the Guf War. "There
was grafft on the was of the barracks' bathroom: 'Ngger' or 'Honky, Get Out.'
They were md ncdents. If a probem was dentfed, a eader n Chare Company
woudn't et t happen agan f he saw t. But t was defntey a probem n the
company. And hs patoon had some of the most serous race probems. It was
pretty bad."
In spte of such nterpersona or raca dffcutes, most of the patoon hed
McVegh n hgh esteem for hs soderng abtes. "He coud command soders of
hs own rank and they respected hm," sad Barner. "When t came to soderng,
McVegh knew what he was dong."
"If we ever went to war," sad Edwards, "every one of us wanted to go to war wth
McVegh."
|157|
Durng the summer of 1989, after returnng from a week-ong orentaton sesson n
Hedeberg wth the West German Army, or Bundeswehr, McVegh decded to try
out for the Army Speca Forces. To the young sergeant who had ong desred to be
a member of the Army's ete, the Speca Forces provded the chance. It aso
provded McVegh an opportunty to graduate from the COHORT unt. Yet the
physca requrements to even quafy for the Speca Forces are among the
toughest n the mtary. Requrements ncude swmmng 50 meters wth fu gear;
42 push-ups n two mnutes; 52 st-ups n two mnutes; and runnng two mes n
ess than 15 mnutes 54 seconds. To pass the grueng tests, McVegh began
tranng vgorousy n the summer of 1989, workng out constanty, and forcng
hmsef to march 10 mes wth 100 pound packs. By the summer of 1990, he had
passed the Speca Forces physca ftness test, and was ordered to report to Fort
Bragg, NC on November 17 to begn the Speca Forces Assessment and Seecton
41
Course (SFAS). Towards the end of 1990, McVegh rensted for another four years.
|158|
Yet McVegh's dream of becomng a Green Beret woud have to wat. On November
8th, wth the confct n the Persan Guf comng to a head, the Pentagon canceed
a eaves and tranng assgnments. McVegh's unt was actvated for depoyment.
Athough he was the consummate mtary man, the gung-ho soder, McVegh was
aganst the decson to go to war. "McVegh dd not thnk the Unted States had any
busness or nterest n Kuwat," sad Warnement, "but he was a good soder. He
knew t was hs duty to go where he was tod, and he went." He was promoted to
sergeant on February 1, 1991.
|159|
Unke the steey-eyed ker the press have panted hm to be, McVegh was as
scared as the rest of the patoon. "The nght before the ground war kcked off, he
was sayng he was scared because we were gong to be part of the frst wave,"
Anderson recaed. "He was scared we weren't gong to come out of t. Maybe we
woud get shot, bown up. It wasn't cowardy. He was |ust concerned. I was feeng
the same way, but most peope ddn't express t."
|160|
On February 24, 1990, the 2nd Battaon was ordered across the southern Iraq
desert to punch a hoe n Iraq defenses - a ne of dug-n nfantry supported by
tanks and artery. McVegh's patoon was attached to the "Ironhorse" tank
company, and McVegh's Bradey was the ead track n the patoon. McVegh, the
"top gun," took out an enemy tank on the frst day wth a TOW msse.
The "Ironhorse" protected unts cearng the trenches. Usng tanks and trucks
equpped wth pows, the U.S. forces woud foow behnd the Bradeys, buryng the
Iraqs dead or ave, to create a smooth crossng pont for the nfantry and avod
havng to engage the enemy n hand-to-hand combat.
McVegh's moment of gory came when hs patoon encountered a dug-n enemy
machne-gun empacement and came under fre. McVegh brought hs 25mm
cannon to bear on the chest of an enemy soder 1,000 yards away, and took hs
head off wth one shot. He foowed up wth a smar shot, whch was foowed by
the rasng of a whte fag and the rasng of more than 60 hands nto the ar.
For hs roe n the batte, McVegh was awarded an Army Commendaton Meda
whch read n part: "He nspred other members of hs squad and patoon by
destroyng an enemy machne-gun empacement, kng two Iraq soders and
forcng the surrender of 30 others from dug-n postons." McVegh aso earned a
Commendaton meda wth an upgrade for vaor, two Army Achevement medas,
and the Bronze Star "for fawess devoton to duty."
Ths "fawess devoton to duty" resuted n McVegh's unt beng nvted to provde
persona securty for Genera "Stormn' Norman" Schwarzkopf.
A much-hackneyed phrase attrbuted to Sergeant |ames Ives, whch the meda ke
to pay over and over agan was, "If he was gven a msson and a target, t's
gone." Yet Roger Barnett, who served n McVegh's Bradey, tod the Times that
McVegh never expressed any desre to k troops who were surrenderng and
never seemed boodthrsty n any way.
|161|
|Yet the Times1 preordaned sant on McVegh was ceary evdent. Whe others n
hs outft "served" durng the Guf War, McVegh "ked Iraqs."
|162|
|
One story whch appeared n Media $y*ass |but predctaby never made t nto the
manstream press,| recounts how McVegh saved an accdent vctm's fe on a
42
oney stretch of hghway. The man had been e|ected from hs overturned car and
ay sem-conscous and beedng. A passng sem had stopped but was unabe to
fnd hm as he ay n the darkness 50 yards away. McVegh, who was on hs way to
hs home town of Pendeton, had recenty fnshed a 46-hour medca ad course at
Fort Rey. Aganst reguatons, he had taken hs Combat Lfesaver Pack wth hm
on the 1200-me drve. As he came upon the scene, McVegh saw that an EMS
(Emergency Medca Servce) crew had not yet arrved. Traned n nght vson
technques, McVegh the soder qucky spotted the n|ured motorst n the grass
aong the medan strp. Foowng s an excerpt from the Media $y*ass artce:
The vctm recas that the soder was confdent, quet and effcent. To
centraze hs crcuaton, he eevated the man's undamaged mbs and
warned hm to be cam to avod gong nto shock. He checked hs puse
and fashed a sma penght across hs pups. The man, who ony
moments earer was convnced he was gong to de, shvered n the
dark and started aughng. He tod the ta young stranger he was
never gong to buy another Chevy Bazer agan.
The soder smed as he roed up the vctm's rght seeve and nserted
the neede to start a sane IV nto hs vens. "You've ost a ot of bood
and you rsk gong nto shock. Ths s an IV to hep stabze you and
keep your fuds gong. Reax. You' be fne," he tod hm. He paced
the cear pastc IV bag under the man's hp and checked hs puse
agan.
In the dstance, an ambuance sren screamed over the sound of the
truck engnes as Tmothy |ames McVegh qucky packed up hs Army
ssue trauma kt and dsappeared nto the nght. The respondng EMS
crew tod the state poce offcer who arrved at the accdent mnutes
ater that they had never come upon such a potentay deady crash to
fnd a severey n|ured man reaxed and aughng, neaty bandaged
wth an IV dangng from hs arm.
|163|
In a furry of artces, manstream meda panted McVegh as a psychotc, attenton-
seekng oner wth a grudge aganst the government and a hatred of humanty. A
man wth "a stunted personaty," who ed a "tortured path," "obsessed wth
weapons" and wth "deep-rooted feengs of nadequacy." When the press coudn't
fnd evdence of overt voence or hostty, hs noted poteness and manners
suddeny became evdence hs of hs psychoss. "It s a personaty that a Seatte
forensc psychatrst, Kenneth Muscate, has descrbed as the "Smerdyakov
Syndrome," announced the Times, "after the scorned haf-brother n Dostoyevsky's
$rothers 4arama-o who stens to the other brothers nvegh aganst ther father
unt, fnay, he commts patrcde."
|164|
McVegh was panted as a socopath when Lana Pada, n her book, $y $lood
$etrayed, hntng that McVegh may have been responsbe for the death of 26-
month-od |ason Torres Nchos - Terry and Marfe's son - who accdentay
suffocated to death n a pastc bag n November of 1993.
|165|
Yet Pada ncuded a
43
photo n her book of McVegh aughng and payng wth the tte boy. And
accordng to Terry Nchos, McVegh had tred to revve the nfant for neary haf an
hour, and had caed the paramedcs - a response apparenty out-of-character
wth the actons of a deranged socopathc ker.
|166|
Captan |esus Rodrguez, who commanded McVegh durng Desert Storm,
descrbed hm as a frend who was "reay compassonate" and "reay cared" when
Rodrguez's brother-n-aw ded n an accdent.
|167|
Further evdence of McVegh's humanty can be found n a etter he wrote to the
3ock*ort 2nion-Sun 5 Journal on March 10, 1992: (See appendx for fu text)
To buy your meat n a store seems so nnocent, but have you ever
seen or thought how t comes to be wrapped up so neaty n
ceophane?
Frst, catte ve ther entre ves penned up n cramped quarters, never
aowed to roam freey, bred for one purpose when ther tme has
come.
The technque that I have personay seen s to take catte, ne them
up sde by sde wth ther heads and necks protrudng over a ow fence,
and wak from one end to the other, sttng ther throats wth ether
machete or power saw. Unabe to run or move, they are eft there unt
they beed to death, standng up.
Woud you rather de whe vng happy or de whe eadng a
mserabe fe? You te me whch s more "humane."
Does a "growng percentage of the pubc" have any pty or respect for
any of the anmas whch are butchered and then sod n the store? Or
s t |ust so convenenty "cean" that a doube standard s aowed?
The manstream press twsted the context of McVegh's etter. In hs |book|, A
Force 2*on the )lain, author Kenneth Stern wrtes: "McVegh sad he thought a
human beng was, by nature, 'a hunter, a predator.' He aso asked: 'Is cv war
mmnent? Do we have to shed bood to reform the current system?'"
|168|
Stern
takes two unreated etters wrtten by McVegh, then crafty combnes them to
suggest that the humane kng of anmas s actuay part and parce of McVegh's
boodthrsty desre to k human bengs.
|169|
Reaty pants a much dfferent pcture of Tmothy |ames McVegh however. In
February of 1996, Ron Rce and Caro Moore of the Amercan Board of Forensc
Examners were asked to produce a profe of McVegh's personaty based on a
handwrtng anayss.
|170|
Both Rce and Moore characterzed McVegh as an
ntroverted person - what they term an "Apoonan" personaty - "a steady,
unemotona, organzed ndvdua who |s| not devod of emoton/passon, but
more apt to vaue reason over passon." Lke Sheffed Anderson, who descrbed
McVegh as a "thnkng type person," the examners stated that McVegh was
"head-orented." "They tend to be dstrustfu of feeng n the beef that foowng
44
one's feengs can ead to troube," the report stated. "Rarey, w he aow hs
emotona expressons to be drected at another person out of fear of hurtng
them.."
The report concuded wth the observaton that Tmothy McVegh "s a mtary
man. hs heart and sou beongs to the mtary of the U.S. Government. In a non-
mtary envronment, McVegh w not undertake any form of overt hostty that
w be harmfu to others or dangerous to hmsef.. It s not ogca that he woud
undertake any acton aganst our government n whch others woud be hurt or
ked. To do so woud voate everythng he stands for."
|171|
In Apr of 1991, McVegh put hs heart and sou nto hs ong-awated dream of
becomng a Green Beret. On March 28 he reported to Camp McCa, the Speca
Forces Assessment and Seecton (SFAS) tranng facty west of Fort Bragg, for the
grueng 21-day assessment course. But McVegh, who had kept hmsef n top
shape by dong 400 push-ups a day and marchng around the post wth a 100
pound pack was now out of shape and he knew t. The Bradey gunner who had
served n the Persan Guf for four months was aso draned from the stress of
combat.
As the recruts stood at attenton, the nstructor asked severa of the recenty
returned war veterans f they wanted to return to ther unt to get back n shape.
One of the soders yeed that they were ready, so out of a sense of gung-ho prde,
nobody backed out.
The frst day of testng was devoted to psychoogca screenng. McVegh cams he
had no probem wth the psychoogca tests, whch ncuded the Adut Personaty
Inventory, the Mnnesota Mutpe Phase Personaty Test, and a sentence
competon exam desgned by Army psychoogsts.
The second day of tests began wth an obstace course whch McVegh passed wth
ease. After unch, the recruts were ed on a hgh-speed march wth 50 pound
rucksacks. Yet new boots tore nto McVegh's feet durng the fve me march, and
wth the worst yet to come, he and another recrut, Davd Whtmyer, decded to
drop out. McVegh sgned a Vountary/Invountary Wthdrawa from the SFAS
schoo. Hs snge sentence expanaton read: "I am not physcay ready, and the
rucksack march hurt more than t shoud."
|172|
The manstream press |umped on hs nta faure to make the Speca Forces. He
was "unabe to face the faure" stated the New 'ork Times. "He washed out on the
second day."
|173|
"There were no second chances," camed the Washin%ton )ost. "Hs sprt was
broken."
|174|
These reports suggested that McVegh had faed the psychoogca screenng tests.
"Mtary offcas sad that premnary psychoogca screenng had shown hm to
be unft," auded the ever-wse voce of the New 'ork Times. "|He| saw hs
chershed hope of becomng a Green Beret shattered by psychoogca tests."
|175|
"It
was apparenty a bow so crushng that he qut the Army and went nto a psychc
taspn."
|176|
Meda pundts qucky backed up ther armchar anayses' wth statements from
severa of McVegh's former buddes.
"Anyone who puts a that effort nto somethng and doesn't get t woud be
mentay crushed," sad Roger Barnett, the drver of McVegh's Bradey. "He wasn't
45
the same McVegh. He ddn't go at thngs the way he normay dd.. He ddn't
have the same drve. He ddn't have hs heart n the mtary anymore."
|177|
"He aways wanted to do better than everyone," sad Captan Terry Gud, "and that
(Green Berets) was hs way of tryng to do t. He took a ot of fak. He was reay
down on hmsef."
|178|
McVegh camed "That's a bunch of bunk," n response to the aegatons. "Any
reast knows that f you deveop bsters on the second day. you're not gong to
make t."
|179|
|St, the sef-styed psychoanaysts of the manstream press made
much of hs dsappontment, assertng knowngy that t was the crux of McVegh's
"burgeonng torment."|
|Apparenty, the "psycho|ournasts" at the Times had never bothered to check wth
offcas at the SFAS schoo. "McVegh dropped out of the course on the second
day," sad Coone Ken McGraw, Informaton Offcer at the Speca Operatons
Command at Fort Bragg. "Hs psychoogca test work woud not have even been
graded yet."|
Accordng to McVegh's attorney Stephen |ones, hs Army records ndcate that hs
SFAS psychoogca tests weren't graded unt Apr of 1995. The "mtary offca"
who eaked the story about McVegh's "psychoogca test faure" turned out to be
none other than FBI Agent |ohn R. Hersey, who testfed to ths repeatedy durng
the Federa Grand |ury hearngs. Apparenty, Hersey never tod the grand |urors
that he was moonghtng as an Army psychoogst.
Athough McVegh may have been genuney dsapponted by hs nta faure, he
added that the schoo's commander had nvted the decorated war veteran to try
out agan whenever he fet he was ready. It seems McVegh was not too
dsapponted to score a perfect 1,000 ponts durng a Bradey gunner competton
sx months ater at Fort Rey, earnng hm another Army commendaton and the
honor of the dvson's "Top Gun," a rare achevement. An Army evauaton aso
rated hm "among the best" n eadershp potenta and an "nspraton to young
soders."
|180|
Yet n spte of McVegh's achevements, "a bt of doubt started to surface" n hs
mnd about a potenta for a career n the mtary.
|181|
Athough a frend sad "I
swear to God he coud have been Sergeant Ma|or of the Army - he was that good
of a soder," McVegh apparenty was havng second thoughts. Most of these, hs
Army buddes sad, stemmed from the mtary's downszng then n progress. He
aso confded to hs frend Dave Dy that wthout beng a Green Beret, the Army
woudn't be worth the effort. "I thnk he fet he got a raw dea, and wanted out,"
sad Ltteton.
Gven McVegh's achevements - hs quck rse to sergeant, hs medas of
commendaton, the dstncton of beng "Top Gun," and the extremey hgh prase
of hs superors, one has to wonder what hs rea motves were. It seems hghy
unkey that gven the massve effort he put nto hs mtary career, he woud take
an eary out on such presumptve pretenses. McVegh was a spt and posh soder
wth a top notch record. He was totay devoted to the mtary. He had served n
combat, earnng severa medas. If anythng he was due for hs next promoton.
The commander of the Speca Forces schoo had even nvted hm to try out agan
n a few months. As Sheffed Anderson sad, "He seemed destned for a brant
career n the mtary."
46
These observatons were backed up by McVegh's sster |ennfer. "I thought t was
gong to be hs career. He was defntey a career mtary type. That was hs fe,
you know. Hs fe revoved around that."
It hardy seems key that the ambtous soder who had recenty sgned on for
another four year htch woud opt out so easy. Yet, on December 31, 1991,
Sergeant McVegh took an eary dscharge from the Army, and went back to hs
home town of Pendeton, NY.
The Manch,rian Candidate
To fuf hs mtary obgaton, McVegh sgned on wth the Army Natona Guard n
Buffao, where he anded a |ob as a securty guard wth Burns Internatona
Securty. McVegh was assgned to the nght shft, guardng the grounds of Caspan
Research, a defense contractor that conducts cassfed research n advanced
aerospace rocketry and eectronc warfare.
In a manner mrrorng hs conduct n the servce, McVegh became the
consummate securty guard. Caspan spokesman A Saandra tod reporters that
McVegh was "a mode empoyee." Yet accordng to meda accounts, McVegh had
ost hs confdence. and hs coo.
"Tmmy was a good guard," sad former Burns supervsor Lnda Haner-Mee. "He
was "aways there prompt, cean and neat. Hs ony qurk," accordng to Mee, "was
that he coudn't dea wth peope. If someone ddn't cooperate wth hm, he woud
start yeng at them, become verbay aggressve. He coud be set off easy.
Accordng to an artce n the )ost, co-workers at a Nagara Fas conventon center
where he was assgned descrbed hm as "emotonay spent, veerng from
passvty to vocanc anger." An od frend sad he ooked "ke thngs were reay
weghng on hm."
|182|
"Tmmy |ust wasn't the type of person who coud ntate acton," sad Mee. "He
was very good f you sad, 'Tm watch ths door - don't et anyone through.' The
Tm I knew coudn't have mastermnded somethng ke ths and carred t out
hmsef. It woud have had to have been someone who sad: 'Tm, ths s what you
do. You drve the truck..'"
Mee's account drecty contradcts the testmony of Sergeant Chrs Barner and
former Prvate Ray |mboy, both of whom served wth McVegh at Fort Rey, and
camed that he was a natura eader.
|183|
Backng up |mboy was McVegh's frend
and Caspan co-worker, Car Lebron, who descrbed McVegh as "ntegent and
engagng - the sort of person who coud be a eader."
|184|
Mee's testmony aso contradcts McVegh's servce record, whch rated hm
"among the best" n eadershp potenta and an "nspraton to young soders."
|185|
"He had a ot of eadershp abty nsde hmsef," sad Barner.. He had a ot of sef
confdence."
Apparenty, "Somethng happened to Tm McVegh between the tme he eft the
Army and now," sad Captan Terry Gud.
"He ddn't reay carry hmsef ke he came out of the mtary," sad Mee. "He
ddn't stand ta wth hs shouders back. He knd of sumped over." She recaed
hm as sent, expressoness, wth ghtness eyes, but sub|ect to exposve fts of
temper. "That guy ddn't have an expresson 99 percent of the tme," she added.
"He was cod."
|186|
47
Coone Davd Hackworth, an Army veteran who ntervewed McVegh for
Newsweek, concuded that McVegh was sufferng from a "postwar hangover." "I've
seen countess veterans, ncudng mysef, stumbe home after the hgh-noon
exctement of the kng feds, mssng ther batte buddes and the unque
dangers and sense of purpose," wrote Hackworth. "Many ose themseves
forever."
|187|
Athough such symptoms may be seen as a deayed reacton syndrome resutng
from the stress of batte, they are aso common symptoms of mnd-contro. The
sub|ect of mnd-contro or hypnoss often seems emotonay spent, as though he
had been through a harrowng ordea.
Whe vstng frends n Decker, Mchgan, McVegh companed that the Army had
mpanted hm wth a mnature subcutaneous transmtter, so that they coud keep
track of hm.
|188|
He companed that t eft an unexpaned scar on hs buttocks and
was panfu to st on.
|189|
To the pubc, unfamar wth the bewderng excon of government mnd-contro
research, such a cam may appear as the obvous rantngs of a paranoac. But s
t?
Mnaturzed teemetrcs have been part of an ongong pro|ect by the mtary and
varous ntegence agences to test the effectveness of trackng soders on the
battefed. The mnature mpantabe teemetrc devce was decassfed ong ago.
As far back as 1968, Dr. Stuart Mackay, n hs textbook entted $io-Medical
Telemetry, reported, "Among the many teemetry nstruments beng used today,
are mnature rado transmtters that can be swaowed, carred externay, or
surgcay mpanted n man or anma. They permt the smutaneous study of
behavor and physoogca functonng.."
|190|
Dr. Car Sanders, one of the deveopers of the Integence Manned Interface (IMI)
bochp, mantans, "We used ths wth mtary personne n the Iraq War where
they were actuay tracked usng ths partcuar type of devce."
|191|
It s aso nterestng to note that the Caspan Advanced Technoogy Center n
Buffao (Caspan ATC), where McVegh worked, s engaged n mcroscopc
eectronc engneerng of the knd appcabe to teemetrcs.
|192|
Caspan was
founded n 1946 as Corne Aeronautca Laboratory, whch ncuded the "Fund for
the Study of Human Ecoogy," a CIA condut for mnd-contro experments by
mgr Naz scentsts |and others under the drecton of CIA Doctors Sdney
Gotteb, Ewen Cameron, and Lous |oyn West|.
Accordng to mnd-contro researcher Aex Constantne, "Caspan paces much
research emphass on boengneerng and artfca ntegence (Caspan poneered
n the fed n the 1950s)." In hs artce, "The Good Soder," Constantne states:
Human trackng and montorng technoogy are we wthn Caspan's
sphere of pursuts. The company s nstrumenta n REDCAP, an Ar
Force eectronc warfare system that wnds through every Department
of Defense facty n the country. A Pentagon reease expans that
REDCAP "s used to evauate the effectveness of eectronc-combat
hardware, technques, tactcs and concepts." The system "ncudes
cosed-oop radar and data nks at RF manned data fuson and
weapons contro posts." One Patrot computer news board reported
48
that a dsemboded, rumbng, ow-frequency hum had been heard
across the country the week of the bombng. Past hums n Taos, NM,
Eugene and Medford, OR, Tmmons, Ontaro and Brsto, UK were most
defntey (despte specous offca denas) attuned to the bran's
audtory pathways..
The Ar Force s among Caspan's eadng cents, and Egn AFB has
farmed key personne to the company. The gratng rony - recang
McVegh's contenton he'd been mpanted wth a teemetry chp - s
that the Instrumentaton Technoogy Branch of Egn Ar Force Base s
currenty engaged n the trackng of mammas wth submnature
teemetry devces. Accordng to an Ar Force press reease, the
boteemetry chp transmts on the upper S-band (2318 to 2398 MHz),
wth up to 120 dgta channes.
There s nothng secret about the boteemetry chp. Ads for commerca |abet
somewhat smper| versons of the devce have appeared n natona pubcatons.
Time magazne ran an ad for an mpantabe pet transcever n ts |une 26, 1995
ssue - roncay enough - opposte an artce about a mta eader who was
warnng about the comng New Word Order. Whe montorng anmas has been
an uncassfed scentfc pursut for decades, the montorng of humans has been a
hghy cassfed pro|ect whch s but a subset of the Pentagon's "nonetha"
arsena. As Constantne notes, "the dystopan mpcatons were expored by
"efense News for March 20, 1995:
-aal &esearch .ab /ttempts To Meld -e,rons /nd Chips:
!t,dies May +rod,ce /rmy of "0ombies1"
Future battes coud be waged wth genetcay engneered organsms,
such as rodents, whose mnds are controed by computer chps
engneered wth vng bran ces.... The research, caed Hppocampa
Neuron Patternng, grows ve neurons on computer chps. "Ths
technoogy that aters neurons coud potentay be used on peope to
create zombe armes," Lawrence Korb, a senor feow at the Brookngs
Insttuton, sad.
It's concevabe, gven the current state of the eectronc mnd-contro
art, a bocybernetc Oz over the back budget ranbow, that McVegh
had been drawn nto an expermenta pro|ect, that the devce was the
rea McCoy..
|193|
The Defense Department newsetter may have been dscussng s the successor to
the "Stmocever," deveoped n the ate 1950s by Dr. |oseph Degado and funded
by the CIA and the Offce of Nava Research. The Stmocever s a tny transcever
mpanted n the head of a contro sub|ect, whch can then be used to modfy
emotons and contro behavor.
49
Accordng to Degado, "Rado Stmuaton of dfferent ponts n the amygdaa and
hppocampus |areas of the bran| n the four patents produced a varety of effects,
ncudng peasant sensatons, eaton, deep, thoughtfu concentraton, odd
feengs, super reaxaton, coored vsons, and other responses.... One of the
possbtes wth bran transmtters s to nfuence peope so that they confrm wth
the potca system. Autonomc and somatc functons, ndvdua and soca
behavor, emotona and menta reactons may be nvoked, mantaned, modfed,
or nhbted, both n anmas and n man, by stmuaton of specfc cerebra
structures. Physca contro of many bran functons s a demonstrated fact. It s
even possbe to foow ntentons, the deveopment of thought and vsua
experences."
|194|
As Constantne ponts out, the mtary has a ong and sordd hstory of usng
ensted men and unwttng cvans for ts nefarous experments, rangng from
radaton, poson gas, drugs and mnd-contro, to sprayng entre U.S. ctes wth
bacteroogca vruses to test ther effectveness. The most recent exampe
nvoves the use of expermenta vaccnes tested on Guf War veterans who are
currenty experencng bzarre symptoms, not the east of whch s death. When
attorneys representng the former soders requested ther mtary medca fes,
they dscovered there was no record of the vaccnes ever beng admnstered.
|195|
Tmothy McVegh may have unkownngy been an Army/CIA gunea pg nvoved n
a cassfed teemetrc/mnd-contro pro|ect - a "Manchuran Canddate."
Recent hstory s repete wth cases of ndvduas who camy wak nto a
restaurant, schooyard, or post offce and nexpcaby begn shootng arge
numbers of peope, as though they were n a trance. What appear ke gruesome
but happenstance events to the casua observer rases red fags to those famar
wth CIA "seeper" mnd-contro experments. Such cases may be ndcatve of
mnd-contro experments gone horrby wrong.
A recent case occurred n Tasmana, where Martn Bryant camy waked around a
tourst ste n May of 1996 methodcay shootng and kng over 35 peope.
Interestngy, Bryant was n possesson of an assaut rfe that had been handed n
to poce n Vctora as part of a gun amnesty program, but mysterousy wound up
n Bryant's hands before the massacre.
|196|
|An ant-soca oner, Bryant had aso recenty returned from a sotary two-week
trp to the U.S., ostensby to vst "Dsneyand." Austraan Customs agents notced
he carred no uggage, and was actng strangey. They took hm to the hospta to
be examned as a possbe drug courer, but found nothng. Had Bryant actuay
vsted Dsneyand, or had he vsted a dfferent type of payground - one
nhabted by the mnd-contro masters of the CIA?
In the wake of the massacre, Austraa underwent whoesae gun confscaton of ts
ctzenry. Not surprsngy, Austraa and New Zeaand have ong served as a
payground for the CIA, who reportedy payed a ma|or roe n the overthrow of
Austraan Prme Mnster Gough Whtam, drected from the CIA's super-secret Pne
Gap facty. It has aso been reported that the CIA has been testng submna TV
transmssons to nfuence the outcome of eectons.
|197|
|
As n Bryant's case, many of these bzarre kers meeky surrender to authortes
after ther sprees. When he was stopped by State Trooper Chares Hanger for a
mssng cense pate, McVegh was carryng a oaded Gock 9mm psto. Athough
50
he coud have easy shot and ked the offcer, McVegh nformed hm that he was
carryng a conceaed weapon, then meeky handed hmsef over for arrest. Why
does a man who has |ust aegedy ked 169 nnocent peope, bak at kng a cop
on a oney stretch of hghway? |Ths suggests that ether McVegh was nnocent,
was actng under orders by some branch of the government, or was under some
form of mnd-contro.|
After McVegh's arrest n Nobe County, Assstant Attorney Genera Mark Gbson
stated, "There stood a pote young man who gave pote, cooperatve answers to
every queston. It was ke the dutfu soder," Gbson sad. "Emotons don't come
nto pay, rght and wrong don't come nto pay. What happens next doesn't come
nto pay. hs mood was so eve, t was unnatura. I ooked at hm and reazed I
fet no repuson or fear. It was ke there was an absence of feeng. He exuded
nothng."
Chares Hanger, the offcer who arrested McVegh, reated hs account to Gbson,
who tod the Times, "And when he grabbed hs gun and there was no reacton, no
shock, that ddn't seem rght, ether."
|198|
Ths "absence of feeng" among a man who had |ust aegedy commtted a
henous crme may we have been ndcatve of a psychoogcay controed agent
- or "seeper" agent - a person traned to carry out a preconceved order upon
command. Such an ndvdua coud concevaby carry out a horrendous crme, then
have no recoecton of the event. Far from the stuff of spy noves or conspracy
theores, seeper agents have been deveoped and used by ntegence agences
for decades.
|The CIA's nterest n mnd contro orgnay dates back to WWII when the Offce of
Strategc Servces (OSS), under Staney Love, deveoped the dea of hypnotzng
German prsoners to re-nftrate the Thrd Rech and assassnate Adoph Hter.
After the war, the OSS, re-formed as the CIA, brought Naz doctors and scentsts to
work for them under the cover of Operaton PAPERCLIP. Some of these ncuded
war crmnas sprted away through Naz-Vatcan "Ratnes" under the aegs of
Operaton OMEGA, convenenty mssng ther day n court at the Nuremberg War
Crmes Trbuna. Ther coeagues wound up n Centra and South Amerca, draned
from the best of Naz bood under Operaton VAMPIRE.|
The CIA's punge nto the netherword of mnd-contro began n 1950 wth Pro|ect
BLUEBIRD, authorzed by Aen Dues after t was dscovered that recenty reeased
Korean War prsoners had been sub|ected to hypnoss. In 1952, BLUEBIRD was re-
named Operaton ARTICHOKE, under the authorty of Deputy CIA Drector Rchard
Hems, and coordnated by CIA Securty Offcer Shefed Edwards.
|By the ate 1950s, the mtary was we on ts way to nvestgatng the potenta
for "branwashng," a term coned by the CIA's Edward Hunter to expan the
experence of Amercan POWs n Korea. In 1958 the Rand Corporaton produced a
report for the Ar Force entted "The Use of Hypnoss n Integence and Reated
Mtary Stuatons," statng that "In defense appcatons, sub|ects can ce
specfcay seected by a crteron of hypnotzabty, and subsequenty traned n
accordance wth ther antcpated mtary functon..."
|199|
|
Takng the Hppocratc Oath on behaf of the CIA for ARTICHOKE was Dr. Sdney
Gotteb, mnd-contro emertus of the CIA's Technca Servces Dvson (TSS), the
rea-fe counterpart to the mythca "O-Branch" of Ian Femng fame. TSS was
51
engaged deveopng the usua |ames Bond spy toys - mnature cameras, shootng
fountan pens, and, under the tuteage of Dr. Gotteb, posons that coud k n
seconds, eavng no trace. Wth Operaton ARTICHOKE however, the CIA broadened
ts horzons nto the ream of psychoogca warfare. ARTICHOKE was one of the
CIA's ater-day attempts to create an eectroncay-controed Manchuran
Canddate.
In the 1950s, under the code name MKULTRA, the CIA set up safe houses n San
Francsco and other ctes where they performed experments on unwttng
sub|ects usng LSD and other drugs. In 1960, Edwards recruted ex-FBI agent
Robert Maheu, who approached Mob bosses Sam Gancana and |ohn Rosse to
form CIA ht-teams to assassnate foregn eaders usng the technques acqured by
Gotteb's TSS. |The frst on ther st was Cuban eader Fde Castro, who they
panned to assassnate by posonng hs food and even hs cgars. The work of
Gotteb and hs CIA assocates can be traced drecty back to Naz war crmnas
such as Dr. |oseph Mengee of Auschwtz.|
By 1963, reported the Senate Integence Commttee, the number of operatons
and sub|ects had ncreased substantay. But as far back as 1960, TSS offcas,
workng aong wth the Counterntegence staff, had expanded ther hypnoss
programs to concde wth ther MKULTRA experments. Accordng to |ohn Marks n
hs book The Search for the Manchurian !andidate/ "the Counterntegence
program had three goas: (1) to nduce hypnoss very rapdy n unwttng sub|ects;
(2) to create durabe amnesa; and (3) to mpant durabe and operatonay usefu
posthypnotc suggeston."
By 1966, MKULTRA had spawned Operaton MKSEARCH, the use of boogca,
chemca, and radoogca substances to nduce psychoogca and physoogca
changes n the CIA's vctms. MKSEARCH spawned Operatons OFTEN and
CHICKWIT, usng boogca, chemca, and radoogca substances to nduce
psychoogca and physoogca changes. Operatons THIRD CHANCE and DERBY
HAT nvoved the Army's Mtary Integence Group's (M.I.G.) surrepttous dosng
of vctms n Europe and the Far East. MKDELTA, an offshoot of MKULTRA, nvoved
sprayng massve doses of LSD and other drugs by the Army over areas nhabted
by Vet Cong.
|200|
|The preemnent don of the CIA's psychoogca warfare program was Dr. Lous
|oyn West. As part of hs MKULTRA experments, West decded to send an eephant
at the Okahoma Cty Zoo on an LSD trp. Apparenty, the poor creature dd not
apprecate the effects of Dr. West's Magca Mystery Tour. It ded severa hours
ater.
A cose assocate of Drs. Cameron and Gotteb, West studed the use of drugs as
"ad|uncts to nterpersona manpuaton or assaut," and was among one of the
poneers of remote eectronc bran expermentaton, ncudng teemetrc bran
mpants on unwttng sub|ects.
West's good frend, Adous Huxey, suggested that he hypnotze hs sub|ects before
admnsterng LSD, n order to gve them post-hypnotc suggestons whch woud
orent the drug-nduced experence n a "desred drecton."
Interestngy, West was the psychatrst who examned |ack Ruby, the assassn of
Lee Harvey Oswad. Ruby's asserton that an utra-Rght-wng caba was
responsbe for |FK's murder, and hs refusa to admt nsanty, ed West to
52
concude that he was paranod and mentay . West paced Ruby on ant-
depressants, whch dd tte to modfy hs cams of conspracy. He ded of cancer
two years ater, camng to the end that he had been n|ected wth cancerous
boogca matera.
West aso examned Srhan Srhan, a controed hypo-patsy who aegedy ked
Robert F. Kennedy. Currenty charman of UCLA's Neuropsychatrc Insttute, West
headed the Amercan Psychoogca Assocaton (APA) trauma response team that
rushed to Okahoma Cty n the wake of the dsaster.
I ntervewed Dr. West by phone. Whe confrmng that he had ndeed traveed to
Okahoma Cty wth hs team, the emnent psychatrst made a curous "Freudan
Sp." When asked f he had examned McVegh, he sad, "No, I haven't been asked
to do that. I thnk hs awyer woudn't want someone he ddn't trus. pck."
|201|
West nevertheess tod me that someone from the FBI's Behavora Scences unt
woud have ntervewed McVegh. In fact the FBI's Behavora Scences unt dd
ntervew the prsoner. |ohn Dougas of the FBI's Psychoogca Profe Unt was ater
quoted n the Times as sayng, "Ths s an easy controed and manpuated
personaty." What Dougas s unwttngy confrmng s that McVegh was perfect
matera for the CIA's psychoogca mnd-contro program.
By the ate 1950s, many German or Eastern European mgrs brought to work n
the U.S. had been farmed out to unverstes such as Corne, UCLA, and Stanford.
and to peope ke Dr. Ewen Cameron and Dr. |oyn West.
|202|
In the wake of the 1965 Watts rot, West proposed to then Caforna Governor
Ronad Reagan a "Center for the Study and Reducton of Voence," whch was to
have ncuded a psychosurgery unt for performng obotomes, and a seven-day-a-
week, around-the-cock eectro-shock room. Assocates of Dr. Cameron's,
empoyed at the tme n Naz-run detenton centers n South Amerca, woud be
caed on to perform obotomes on unsuspectng patents, wth the fu approva of
Governor Reagan.
|203|
One of the more brazen of the emergng cotere of branwashng enthusasts,
Cameron receved hs fundng through the Rockefeer and Gerschckter
Foundatons, whch was channeed nto the nnocuous soundng Socety for the
Investgaton of Human Ecoogy at Corne. Cameron performed hundreds of
obotomes and eectroshock treatments at the behest of the CIA on unwttng
patents n prsons and menta hosptas, and at hs beoved Aen Memora
Insttute n Montrea.
|204|
It s nterestng to note that McVegh camed he was sub|ected to psychoogca
torture whe n prson.
|205|
He was paced n a ce wth a guard watchng hm
around the cock, who wasn't aowed to speak to hm. The ghts n hs ce were
kept on 24-hours-a-day, deprvng hm of seep - a standard technque desgned
to break down a sub|ect's psychoogca barrers. Eventuay, McVegh caed n a
psychatrst to hep treat hs anxety - a psychatrst, perhaps, traned by Dr.
Cameron.|
CIA psychatrst Dr. Ewen Cameron was aso the progentor of "psychc drvng," a
technque whereby the psychatrst or controer repeatedy pays back seected
words or phrases to break down a person's psychoogca barrers and open up hs
unconscous.
|206|
Such technques woud be eagery ncorporated nto the CIA's
program for creatng Manchuran Canddates - programmed hypno-kers who
53
coud be uneashed at the behest of the Agency to k upon command. An account
of the dscusson surroundng the creaton of a Manchuran Canddate s reveaed
by |FK researcher Dck Russe n hs book, The Man Who 4new Too Much:
In 1968, Dr. |oseph L. Bern of Vrgna Poytechnc Insttute questoned
authortes on hypnoss about whether the creaton of a "Manchuran
Canddate" was reay feasbe. As Author Bowart recounted one
expert's response to Dr. Bernd: "I woud say that a hghy sked
hypnotst, workng wth a hghy susceptbe sub|ect, coud possby
persuade the sub|ect to k another human." Another beeved t was
even possbe, through posthypnotc suggeston, to make a sub|ect
unabe to reca such an act: "There coud be a conspracy, but a
conspracy of whch the prncpa was unaware."
|207|
Ths "psychc drvng" appears to have mpacted Srhan Srhan. Chares McOuston,
a former Army ntegence offcer who dd a Psychoogca Stress Evauaton of
voce recordngs of Srhan, sad, "I beeve Srhan was branwashed under hypnoss
by the constant repetton of words ke, 'You are nobody, you're nothng, the
Amercan dream s gone'.. Somebody mpanted an dea, k RFK, and under
hypnoss the branwashed Srhan accepted t."
|208|
The accused assassn nssted
that he coudn't reca even the murder.
CIA contract agent Coone Wam Bshop expaned to Russe some of the
rudments of the CIA's mnd-contro operatons:
"There were any number of psychoogca or emotona factors nvoved
n peopes' seecton. Antsoca behavor patterns, paranoa or the
rudments of paranoa, and so on. But when they are successfu wth
ths programmng - or, for ack of a better term, ndoctrnaton - they
coud take |ohn Doe and get ths man to k George and |ane Smth. He
w be gven a the pertnent nformaton as to ther ocaton, day
habts, etc. Then there s a menta bock put on ths msson n hs
mnd. He remembers nothng about t."
|209|
On March 3, 1964, CIA Drector |ohn McCone sent a memo to Secret Servce chef
|ames Rowey statng that after hs surgery at the hospta n Mnsk, |Russa|,
Oswad mght have been "chemcay or eectroncay 'controed'. a seeper
agent. Sub|ect spent 11 days hosptazed for a mnor ament whch shoud have
requred no more than three days hosptazaton at best."
|210|
Even |. Edgar Hoover tod the Warren Commsson, "Informaton came to me
ndcatng that there s an esponage tranng schoo outsde of Mnsk - I don't
know whether t s true - that he |Oswad| was traned at that schoo to come back
to ths country to become what they ca a 'seeper,' that s, a man who w reman
dormant for three or four years and n case of nternatona hosttes rse up and
be used."
|211|
|Accordng to |FK researchers Art Ford and Lncon Lawrence n ther book, Were
We !ontrolled6, Lee Harvey Oswad was a programmed assassn wth a
mafunctonng eectrca mpant n hs bran.
|212|
Herman Kmsey, A veteran Army
54
counterntegence operatve and former CIA offca, tod |FK researcher Hugh
MacDonad, "Oswad was programmed to k.. Then the mechansm went on the
bnk and Oswad became a dangerous toy wthout drecton."
|213|
|
The CIA's nterest n producng the perfect programmed assassn took a new bent,
when n 1965, the Agency, n cooperaton wth the DoD, set up a secret program
for studyng the effects of eectromagnetc radaton, or mcrowave (EM) weapons
at the Army's Advanced Research Pro|ects Agency (ARPA) at the Water Reed Army
Insttute of Research. The pro|ect was nspred by the Sovets, who had been
dousng the Amercan Embassy n Moscow wth a etha dose of mcrowaves,
causng many of ts personne to de from cancer.
|214|
Yet causng degeneratve dseases was not the man goa of the DoD/CIA EM
weapons research, code named PANDORA. The spooks were nterested n the
effects of mcrowaves on controng a person's behavor. By 1973, both the
Amercans and the Sovets were far aong n ther mnd-contro appcatons, usng
technoogy such as pused mcrowave audograms and acoustca teemetry to
create voces n a sub|ect's mnd, or erase hs mnd competey.
|215|
|
Causng degeneratve dseases was not the man goa of the DoD/CIA EM weapons
research, code named PANDORA. The spooks were nterested n the effects of
mcrowaves on controng a person's behavor. By 1973, both the Amercans and
the Sovets were far aong n ther mnd-contro appcatons, usng technoogy such
as pused mcrowave audograms and acoustca teemetry to create voces n a
sub|ect's mnd, or erase hs mnd competey.
|216|
Wth the advent of EM technoogy,
scentsts coud bypass the need for eectrodes mpanted n the bran, and contro
ther sub|ects drecty. Lawrence descrbed a technoogy caed RHIC-EDOM, or
"Rado Hypnotc Intracerebra Contro and Eectronc Dssouton of Memory."
Accordng to Lawrence:
It s the utra-sophstcated appcaton of post-hypnotc suggeston
trggered at w by rado transmsson. It s a recurrng state, re-
nduced automatcay at ntervas by the same rado contro. An
ndvdua s brought under hypnoss. Ths can be done ether wth hs
knowedge - or wthout t - by use of narco-hypnoss, whch can be
brought nto pay under many guses. He s then programmed to
perform certan actons and mantan certan atttudes upon rado
sgna.
Lawrence went on to state that "through the use of rado-waves and utra-sonc
sgna tones. It n effect bocks memory of the moment."
|217|
"Such a devce has
obvous appcatons n covert operatons desgned to drve a target crazy wth
'voces' or dever undetected nstructons to a programmed assassn," states Dr.
Robert Becker.
|218|
Thane Eugene Cesar, a reported accompce n the murder of Robert Kennedy, hed
a vaguey-defned |ob at Lockheed, a CIA/PANDORA contractor. Retred Lockheed
engneer |m Yoder tod former FBI agent Wam Turner that Cesar worked foatng
assgnments n an "off-mts" area operated by the CIA.
|219|
The parae s strkngy
smar to that of Tmothy McVegh, who worked at Caspan, another hgh-tech
mtary contractor engaged n top-secret teemetrc work.
55
The preemnent don of CIA's psychoogca warfare program (MKULTRA), Dr. Lous
|oyon "|oy" West, sent an Okahoma Cty Zoo eephant careenng on a massve
LSD trp, trggerng ts death hours ater. Studyng the use of drugs as "ad|uncts to
nterpersona manpuaton or assaut," |oy West was among the poneers of
remote eectronc bran expermentaton on unwttng sub|ects. Adous Huxey
passed on the dea to West that he hypnotze sub|ects before admnsterng LSD,
orentng drug-nduced experence toward a "desred drecton."
West was gven the |ob of examnng |ack Ruby, Lee Harvey Oswad's ker. Ruby's
refusa to admt nsanty, and hs beef that a rght-wng caba was responsbe for
|FK's murder, ed West to concude Ruby was mentay , the proper canddate for
ant-depressants. Ruby ded of cancer two years after the exam, camng to have
been n|ected wth magnant boogca matera. West aso examned Srhan
Srhan, |who may have been| a hypno-patsy |aed for murderng Robert Kennedy.
On March 31, ess than three weeks before the bombng, McVegh appeared at the
Impera Mote n Kngman. For the next 12 days, accordng to owner Hemut Hofer,
he |ust sat there, emergng ony for meas or to pay hs b. He had no vstors,
made few phone cas, and barey dsturbed the furnshngs. No one ever heard hs
teevson, and hs car never moved from ts spot outsde.
|220|
"That's the funny thng," sad Hofer. "He ddn't go out. He ddn't make phone cas.
He ddn't do anythng. He |ust sat up there and brooded."
|"He aways had been a brooder." added the Times, throwng a bt of nstant
psychoanayss on the stuaton.
|221|
|
To Earne Roberts, the housekeeper at the Oak Cff roomng house where Oswad
stayed |ust pror to the assassnaton, "Mr. Lee" probaby seemed ke a brooder
too, stayng n hs room, havng no vstors and never socazng.
|222|
Yet t s unkey that McVegh smpy rented a room at the Impera for 12 days to
brood. Lke Oswad, McVegh was probaby tod to wat somewhere unt he was
contacted. Perhaps t was a pre-arranged date; perhaps he was watng for a phone
ca; or perhaps McVegh was smpy put on ce, watng to be actvated by some
sort of sgna. It s possbe McVegh's anger at the Federa Government was stoked
by a more mysterous enemy, one that he coudn't see or fee. but hear.
One of the most famous documented cases of "hearng voces" was that of Denns
Sweeny, the student actvst who shot and ked hs mentor Aard Lowensten.
Lowensten, who marched n the 1964 Freedom Summer n Msssspp, had
campagned for Robert Kennedy and Ada Stevenson, and ran the Natona
Student Assocaton before the CIA took over. Lowensten, who was aso frends
wth CIA propagandst Wam F. Buckey, had attempted to prove that a great
conspracy was responsbe for the deaths of Martn Luther Kng and the Kennedys.
(At the tme he was assassnated, he was hepng Ted Kennedy wn the 1980
presdenta eecton.)
|223|
One fne day, Sweeny camy waked nto the mdde of Rockefeer Center and
pumped seven buets nto hs mentor. He then sat down, t a cgarette, and
wated for the poce to arrve. "Sweeny camed that the CIA, wth Lowensten's
hep, had mpanted a teemetrc chp n hs head 15 years earer, and had made
hs fe an unbearabe torment. Voces were transmtted through hs denta work,
he sad, and he attempted to sence them by fng down hs fase teeth. Sweeny
56
bamed CIA "controers" for hs unce's heart attack and the assassnaton of San
Francsco mayor George Moscone."
|224|
Moscone and Cty Supervsor Harvey Mk met ther deaths at the hands the
nfamous "Twnke" assassn - former Cty Supervsor Dan Whte. Whte earned
the curous tte due hs attorney's nove defense - that hs cent was under the
nfuence of a heavy dose of sugar at the tme of the murders. More key, Whte
was under the nfuence of a heavy dose of hypnoss.
Lke McVegh, Whte had been n the mtary, servng a tour of duty n Vetnam.
After eavng the poce department n 1972, Whte took an extended vacaton
snce known as Whte's "mssng year."
"He broke a contact wth frends and famy. He kept no records of the trp,
purchased no trave tckets, dd not use a credt card. He ater accounted for hs
mystery year by expanng that he'd worked a stnt as a securty guard n Aaska."
Whte subsequenty moved back to San Francsco, where |oned the Fre
Department. Lke McVegh, Whte's work record was untarnshed, though ke the
engmatc soder, he was known to erupt n embarrassng temper tantrums. As
Constantne wrtes n The ,ood Soldier7
Whe campagnng for the Board of Supervsors, he spoke as f he was
"programmed," accordng to oca abor eader Stan Smth. Durng Board sessons,
he was known to sp nto spes of sence punctuated by goose-steppng waks
around the Supervsors' chambers.
|225|
One of the more recent cases of murder by suggeston was the assassnaton of
Nava Commander Edward |. Hggns. Hggns was shot fve tmes n the Pentagon
parkng ot by Car Campbe, who camed that the CIA had mpanted a mcrochp
n hm that controed hs mnd.
|226|
To those who beeve that such eectroncay-manpuated scenaros are the stuff
of fantasy, they shoud take note that no ess than three support groups currenty
exst n the U.S. to dea wth the trauma of mtary and ntegence agency
branwashng.
Yet the hypnoss and druggng of aduts s not by far the worst exampe of the
CIA's nefarous efforts at deveopng programmed assassns. Other efforts nvove
the use of chdren, programmed whe they are st young (See the "Fnders"
case), and the use of cuts, often run by former mtary and ntegence offcers.
The use of cuts provdes a convenent cover for experments that coud not
otherwse be conducted out n the open. Any resutant behavora anomaes can
then smpy be attrbuted to the pecuartes of the "cut."
|227|
One program for the recrutment of programmed operatves s caed Operaton
OPEN EYES. Accordng to a former Navy Integence offcer and SEAL team eader
attached to the CIA, "Cear Eyes" are the programmed vctms of OPEN EYES. The
operaton nvoves canvassng the country for ndvduas who have few cose
frends or reatves. They are then put under a progressve seres of graduay
ntensfed hypnoss, where the sub|ect's personaty s "overwrtten."
At eve four, dverse programs can be wrtten or overwrtten nto the bran. Any
command s accepted at ths eve. At that eve you can gve the test sub|ect a
compete personaty, hstory and make hm/her beeve anythng the program
requres for the accompshment of any desred pro|ect. He s then gven a new fe
n a new state and town. Drver's cense, car, bank account, passport, credt cards,
57
B.C., and a the sma thngs, such as photos of hs famy (that don't reay exst).
Sub|ect and patent (one and the same) has now an agenda (that he beeves s hs
own) and s prepared for eve fve hypnoss. At ths stage, very carefuy a code
work or sequence of numbers or a voce mprnt s etched nto hs bran. That s
commony known and referred to as the trgger that w actvate sub|ect to acton.
He then ves a very norma and sometmes usefu fe, unt sub|ect s requred to
perform the program mpanted/wrtten nto eve four hypnoss at the pont of
actvatng the trgger, sub|ect s beyond reca. That's why a eve fve person can
ony be approached after hs/her operaton. There s no actua reca n the
subconscous program of any of the hypnoss. If an act of voence had been
perpetrated, sub|ect w not be abe to assocate wth the deed. Ony shrnks
traned n ths partcuar form of sub menta behavor w fnd any tracks eadng to
post eve one or two mnd-contro.
I have personay wtnessed eve one to fve programmng, and was mysef sub|ect
of eve three programmng.
Due to the fact that sub|ect has such hgh IO (preferaby around 130-140 sub|ect s
very quck to earn anythng fed to hm/her. A ma|or patrot groups, and norma
workers and workers n bg |government contract| corporatons have at east one
or more "seepers" attached to them.
Now t must be cear to you the varous eves used by the nte communty to get
ther |ob done. Remember |onestown? It was one of ours that went sour because a
Cear Eyes was n the group. When he began frng on the runway, t a sef
destructed. The man (Congressman Leo Ryan) who was ked, knew t was a
government operaton. Cear Eyes was accdentay - through a one sequence -
actvated! There was no way to stop the kngs. They were a programmed to at
east eve three, the cutes themseves. There were ony three deaths attrbutabe
to cyande, the rest ded of gunfre. Now you know a tte more about our ne of
work. I am gad I am out of t.
|228|
An ex-CIA agent ntervewed by researcher |m Keth cams to have knowedge of
boogca warfare testng and "speca medca and Psy-ops (psychoogca
operatons) factes at Fort Rey," where Tmothy McVegh was statoned. (Reca
that McVegh took a Psy-ops course at Ft. Rey) Ths agent stated that
expermentaton s conducted "n coaboraton wth the whoe range of ntegence
agences, FBI, CIA, NSA, the works." The agent aso tod Keth that he had
wtnessed speca psychoogca operatons performed on the crew of the Puebo
nava vesse at Fort Rey, and at Fort Bennng, Georga (where dd hs basc
tranng), pror to the shp's capture under mysterous crcumstances by the North
Koreans. Fort Bennng s aso home to the notorous Schoo of the Amerca's, where
the CIA and the Speca Forces have traned Latn Amercan death squad eaders
for over three decades. Fort Rey was aso home to a mysterous pague of
murders and shootngs rght around the tme of the Okahoma Cty bombng. On
March 2, 1995, PFC Maurce Wford shot three offcers wth a 12-gauge shotgun
before turnng the gun on hmsef. On Apr 6, Bran Soutenburg was found dead n
hs quarters after an apparent sucde.
|229|
Is t possbe these ncdents were the resut of some psychoogca testng or
experment gone awry? Gven the Army's opprobrous hstory of psychoogca
research and covert experments on ts own personne, t s not nconcevabe. The
58
ncdents seem ndcatve of the shootng death of Commander Edward |. Hggns
by Car Campbe, who camed he was mpanted wth a mcrochp.
|It s nterestng to note that| after hs arrest, McVegh was taken to Tnker Ar
Force Base. Why he woud be taken to a mtary nstaaton s uncear. Perhaps Dr.
West was on hand, watng to see whether McVegh's mcrochp was st snug. Was
Tmothy McVegh n fact manpuated through the use of a subcutaneous
transcever, mpanted n hm wthout hs knowedge? Was he a "seeper agent,"
programmed to do a drty deed and have no memory of t afterwards?
Interestngy, Rchard Condon's cassc pay, The Manchurian !andidate made ts
debut n Okahoma Cty exacty one year after the bombng. It s possbe the real
Manchuran canddate made his debut on Apr 19, 1995. Gven the ong and sordd
hstory of Pentagon/CIA mnd-contro operatons, such a scenaro s certany
possbe.
|230|
What's aso possbe s that McVegh was smpy ed to. Someone - whom
McVegh thought was workng for the government, gave hm a cover story -
convnced hm that he was on an mportant, top secret msson. McVegh's seemng
ndfference upon hs arrest may smpy have been ndcatve of hs understandng
that he was workng for ths agency, had smpy devered a truck as he was tod,
and had not, n fact, ked anyone.
|It s possbe that| McVegh was concerned about mtary cut-backs when he qut
the Army n December of 1991. It s possbe that hs ncreased |ob dutes were the
reason he qut the Natona Guard n |une of 1992. It s aso possbe, hghy
probabe n fact, that he was secrety offered a more ucratve career - one that
promsed more exctement, adventure, and money. n the ntegence servces.
To the ntegence communty, Tmothy McVegh woud have been exacty what
they were ookng for - a top-notch but mpressonabe young soder who s
patrotc and gung-ho to a faut. A tacturn ndvdua who foows orders wthout
hestaton, and who knows when to keep hs mouth shut, a prerequste of any
good ntegence operatve.
Accordng to former CIA agent Vctor Marchett, the CIA currenty does ts most
"frutfu" recrutng n the armed forces.
|231|
Integence agences reguary recrut
from the mtary, and mtary fes are routney revewed for potenta canddates
- those who have proven ther wngness and abty to k on command and
wthout hestaton - those whose combat tranng and profcency wth weapons
make them exceent canddates for fed operatons. McVegh had aready taken
the Psychoogca Operatons (PSYOPS) Course whe he was at Fort Rey. Whether
he knew t or not, McVegh was we on hs was way to a career n covert
ntegence. An ntegence agency woudn't have to search hard for a man ke
McVegh. Hs above-average mtary record, and the fact that he was a canddate
for the Speca Forces, woud have made hm a natura choce. &s*ecially hs try-
out for Speca Forces. The Speca Forces were created as the coert military arm
of the !entral (ntelli%ence A%ency. Accordng to Lt. Coone Dane Marvn (Ret.),
"amost a of the ndependent operatons wthn the Green Berets were run by the
CIA"
|232|
Moreover, McVegh was |ust begnnng to espouse mta-type vews. Ths
observaton, and the fact that he was racst, woud have made hm a perfect
operatve to nftrate any far rght-wng or whte supremacst group. Lkewse t
59
woud have made hm the perfect patsy to mpcate n connection with any rght-
wng group.
|As Dave Dy tod the )ost, "The mtas reay recrut, and he's exacty what
they're ookng for.. They coud catch hm easy. He had a the same nterests as
them; they're |ust a tte more fanatca."
What Dy s descrbng to the etter, athough he s unaware of t, s the modus
operand of the ntegence communty. If McVegh was recruted by one of the
ntegence branches, t s possbe that he was recruted by someone posng as a
mta member. As far as fanatcs go, there s no one group of peope more
fanatca than the "unatc frnge" of the ntegence communty. In short, McVegh|
possessed a the quates that woud have made hm an exceent undercover
operatve. and a perfect fa-guy.
In May of 1992, McVegh was promoted to eutenant at Burns Securty, and wrote
hs Natona Guard commander that hs cvan |ob requred hs presence. "But the
etter was rea vague," sad hs commander. "It ddn't say |ust what ths new |ob
was." Approxmatey nne months ater, when McVegh was gong to be promoted
to supervsor, he suddeny qut, sayng that he had "more pressng matters to
attend to."
|ust what these "pressng matters" were s not exacty cear. Accordng to co-
worker Car Lebron, McVegh tod hm he was eavng to take a cvan poston wth
the Army n Kentucky pantng trucks. He ater tod Lebron that he became prvy to
a top-secret pro|ect at Caspan caed "Pro|ect Norstar," whch, accordng to
McVegh, nvoved brngng drugs nto the country va mnature submarne. He tod
hs frend that he was afrad that those responsbe for Pro|ect Norstar were
"comng after hm," and he had to eave.
Whe ths expanaton may strke one as bzarre, McVegh wrote hs sster |ennfer
whe he was st n the Army teng her that he had been pcked for a hghy
specazed Speca Forces Covert Tactca Unt (CTU) that was nvoved n ega
actvtes. The etter was ntroduced to the Federa Grand |ury. Accordng to former
grand |uror Hoppy Hedeberg, these ega actvtes ncuded "protectng drug
shpments, emnatng the competton, and popuaton contro." Whe a the
detas of the etter aren't cear, Hedeberg sad that there were fve to sx dutes
n a, and that the group was comprsed of ten men.
Such unts are nothng new. Durng the Vetnam War, CIA Drector Wam Coby
and Sagon Staton Chef Ted Shackey (who aso ran a massve heron smuggng
operaton) created what they caed Provnca Reconnassance Unts (PRUs), whch
woud capture, torture, and k suspected Vet Cong eaders.
|233|
Former Army CID nvestgator Gene Wheaton aso descrbed a covert unt created
by the hghy secretve NRO (Natona Reconnassance Offce), whch used
assassnaton and torture to emnate so-caed enemes of the state. In 1985,
Wheaton was approached by "securty consutants" to Vce Presdent Bush's "Task
Force on Combatng Terrorsm" who were workng for USMC Lt. Coone Over
North (who served under Shackey n Vetnam) and Assocate Deputy FBI Drector
Over "Buck" Reve. "They wanted me to hep create a 'death squad' that woud
have Whte House denabty to assassnate peope they woud dentfy as
'terrorsts,'" sad Wheaton.
60
Code-named "Zeta Dogenes" n the USAF subset, ths secret pro|ect, accordng to
Wheaton, "was created n a rage by the covert ntegence eadershp after the
faed Bay-of-Pgs operaton aganst Cuba n 1961." Wheaton cams the program
contnues to the present day.
|234|
Anyone who prefers to thnk that agences of the U.S. government are above
assassnatng U.S. ctzens, not to menton senor U.S. offcas where expedent,
may wsh to bear n mnd the foowng testmony gven by Coone Dane Marvn, a
hghy decorated Speca Forces Vetnam veteran. Whe gong through Speca
Forces tranng at Fort Bragg n 1964, Marvn's group was asked f any members
woud ke to vounteer to take speca assassnaton tranng on behaf of the CIA,
emnatng Amercans overseas who posed "natona securty rsks." About sx
peope, hmsef ncuded, vounteered.
"The CIA had agents there a the tme at Fort Bragg, n the Speca Warfare Center
Headquarters," sad Marvn. "My commandng offcer, Coone C.W. Patton, caed
me up to hs offce one day n the frst week. and he sad, "Dan, go out and meet
the 'Company' man standng there underneath the pne trees, watng to tak to
you."
Ironcay, Marvn had been motvated to |on the Speca Forces by the death of
Presdent Kennedy, who had conferred upon the unt ther dstnctve and coveted
green berets. Marvn began hs assassnaton tranng n the Sprng of 1964. ".
durng one of the coffee breaks, I overheard one of the |CIA| nstructors say to the
other one, 'We, t went pretty we n Daas. Ddn't t?'"
Marvn sad hs group was shown "16 mmeter movng pctures that we assumed
were taken by the CIA of the assassnaton, on the ground there at Daas.. We
were tod that there were actuay four shooters. There was one on the roof of the
ower part of the Book Depostory, and there was one shooter who was n front of
and to the rght of the vehce. And I'm not sure whether t was on the Grassy Kno
area that they were speakng of, or, as some peope have reported, |a shooter
frng| out of a manhoe to the rght-front of the vehce."
He aso added that there were two addtona snpers wth spotters statoned on
the routes that the motorcade woud have used to trave to the hospta. If the
spotter determned that Kennedy had survved, he was to fnsh hm off.
|"They used the assassnaton of Presdent Kennedy as a prme exampe of how to
deveop the strategy for the assassnaton of a word eader as a conspracy, whe
makng t ook ke some 'one nut' dd t..
"The stronger a patrot you are, the more mportant t s to you that you do
whatever s necessary for your fag, for your country," he adds. "It makes you the
most susceptbe type of person for ths knd of tranng. You are the utmate
warror. You're out there to do for your country what nobody ese s wng to do. I
had no quams about t at a."|
Marvn camed hs "assassnaton" tranng was reserved soey for ctzens outsde
the Unted States, not on U.S. so. "The Mafa sts were the ones beng used |to k
Amercans| n the contnenta Unted States," sad Marvn. "We were beng used
overseas." That was, unt he was asked to k an Amercan Nava offcer - Lt.
Commander Wam Bruce Ptzer, the X-ray techncan who fmed the Kennedy
autopsy, "as he was, supposedy, a trator, about to gve secrets to the enemy. It
61
turned out that these 'secrets' were the photos of the real autopsy of Presdent
|ohn F. Kennedy. And the 'enemy' was us!"
|235|
When he found out that hs assgnment was to be conducted n the U.S., he
refused. ".that wasn't my msson," sad Marvn. "When I took my tranng, I
vounteered to do ths knd of thng overseas where t coud be covered, as far as
the famy goes. I had a wfe and three chdren. If I were to accept that msson to
k Commander Ptzer rght here n the Unted States, I woud have been dropped
from the ros mmedatey as a deserter so that t woud cover me for takng off
and takng care of that msson.."
|236||237|
Such a "cover" tactc appears to cosey parae that of Tmothy McVegh, who
"dropped out" of Speca Forces tranng before embarkng on hs bewderng and
mysterous |ourney (aa: Dan Whte) pror to the bombng.
St another, more we-documented reference to such ega operatons s made
by Wall Street Journal reporter |onathan Kwtny n hs best-seng book, The !rimes
of )atriots. Kwtny descrbes how rogue CIA agents Edwn Wson (who reported to
Shackey) and Frank Terp were not ony egay seng huge quanttes of C-4
pastc exposves and sophstcated assassnaton gear to the Lbyans, but were
actuay hrng ant-Castro Cubans from Shackey's od |M/WAVE program, and U.S.
Green Berets to assassnate Oaddaf's potca opponents abroad. (See Chapter 14)
Some U.S. Army men were teray ured away from the doorway of
Fort Bragg, ther North Carona tranng post. The GIs were gven every
reason to beeve that the operaton summonng them was beng
carred out wth the fu backng of the CIA..
|238|
Coud ths be the same group McVegh cams he was recruted for? Consderng
the aegatons of the Federa Government aganst McVegh, the fact that he was
chosen for such a candestne and batanty ega government-sponsored
operaton s hghy reveang.
Accordng to Hedeberg's account of the etter, McVegh turned them down. "They
pcked hm because he was gung-ho," sad Hedeberg. "But they ms|udged hm.
He was gung-ho, but n a sncere way. He reay oved hs country."
|239|
In another verson of the story reported by Ted Gunderson, an ntegence
nformant ndcated that McVegh was "traned to work for the CIA n ther ega
drug operatons," then "became dsenchanted wth the government, and voced hs
dspeasure." At that pont he was sent to Fort Rey for dscharge, at whch pont
|ohn Doe 2 "was panted on hm" and "orchestrated the bombng." Accordng to
Gundersen's nformant, McVegh was a vctm of the CIA's mnd-contro pro|ect,
Pro|ect MONARCH.
|240|
Whether McVegh turned down ths ega covert operatons group, or worked for
them for a short tme, t s hghy key that he was workng n some fashon for the
government. There s smpy no ogca expanaton for hs gvng up a hard-earned
and brant mtary career, then subsequenty quttng hs securty guard |ob on
the eve of hs promoton to take a |ob pantng od army trucks, or go toong
around the country n a beat-up car hawkng used frearms and mta
paraphernaa.
62
If McVegh was recruted, hs "optng out" of the mtary was most key a cover
story for that recrutment. Former Pentagon counter-ntegence offcer Robert
Gambert tod Kennedy assassnaton researcher Dck Russe of the mysterous
actvtes of hs cousn Rchard Case Nage, "Dck payed the roe of a dsgrunted
ex-Army offcer.. he was reay st operatona, n an undercover capacty, for the
Army Integence.. They're not gonna' trust anybody who's actve mtary or a
frendy retree. They're gonna trust somebody who's gong around grpng aganst
the mtary, aganst the ntegence operatons, aganst the government.."
|241|
After McVegh's mysterous departure from the Army, hs frend Robn Ltteton
receved a strange etter from hm. On t was ustrated a cartoon depctng a sku
and crossbones wth the capton "so many vctms, so tte tme."
|242|
Whether he
meant t as a |oke, or whether t contaned a hdden message, s uncear. But
consderng the etter he wrote to |ennfer regardng the CTU, ts mpcatons are
unsettng.
A patrotc soder ke Tmothy McVegh ddn't have a ot of reasons to grpe
aganst the government. But, sad the )ost7 "McVegh was by now rang at
vrtuay every aspect of Amercan government, and at east begnnng to consder
a voent souton, as refected n etters he wrote to the 3ock*ort 2nion-Sun 5
Journal n February and March 1992, (entted 'Amerca Faces Probems.')"
|243|
Crme s out of contro. Crmnas have no fear of punshment. Prsons
are overcrowded so they know they w not be mprsoned ong. Ths
breeds more crme, n an escaatng cycc pattern.
Taxes are a |oke. Regardess of what a potca canddate "promses,"
they w ncrease. More taxes are aways the answer to government
msmanagement. They mess up, we suffer. Taxes are reachng
catacysmc eves, wth no sowdown n sght.
The "Amercan Dream" of the mdde cass has a but dsappeared,
substtuted wth peope struggng |ust to buy next week's groceres.
Heaven forbd the car breaks down!
Potcans are further erodng the "Amercan Dream" by passng aws
whch are supposed to be a "quck fx," when a they are reay
desgned for s to get the offca re-eected. These aws tend to "dute"
a probem for a whe, unt the probem comes roarng back n a
worsened form (much ke a stran of bactera w ater tsef to defeat
a known medcaton).
Potcans are out of contro. Ther yeary saares are more than an
average person w see n a fetme. They have been entrusted wth
the power to reguate ther own saares and have grossy voated that
trust to ve n ther own uxury.
Racsm on the rse? You had better beeve t! Is ths Amerca's
frustratons ventng themseves? Is t a vad frustraton? Who s to
63
bame for the mess? At a pont when the word has seen Communsm
fater as an mperfect system to manage peope; democracy seems to
be headed down the same road. No one s seeng the "bg" pcture.
Maybe we have to combne deooges to acheve the perfect utopan
government. Remember, government-sponsored heath care was a
Communst dea. Shoud ony the rch be aowed to ve ong? Does
that say that because a person s poor, he s a esser human beng; and
doesn't deserve to ve as ong, because he doesn't wear a te to work?
What s t gong to take to open up the eyes of our eected offcas?
Amerca s n serous decne!
We have no proverba tea to dump; shoud we nstead snk a shp fu
of |apanese mports? Is a Cv War mmnent? Do we have to shed
bood to reform the current system? I hope t doesn't come to that! But
t mght.
Naturay, an ordnary grpe etter wrtten by a person wth above-average
ntegence and potca awareness was turned nto a manfestaton of suppressed
frustratons wth attendant voent overtones by the psycho|ournasts of the
manstream press. Yet, f McVegh was under the nfuence of some form of mnd-
contro, t s possbe the etter, and the one to Ltteton, mght have been the
begnnngs of a pan to "sheep-dp" McVegh as a dsgrunted ex-mtary man.
|244|
It s aso possbe that McVegh, tasked wth the responsbty of nftratng the
Mta Movement, became genuney enamored wth ts deas and precepts.
Whether or not ths s true, McVegh's etter to the 3ock*ort 2nion-Sun 5 Journal
and to Robn Ltteton were two more nas the government and the press woud
use to drve nto McVegh's coffn.
But the ma|or nas n McVegh's coffn were yet to come.
The Man Who 2idn3t E4ist
In September of 1992 McVegh sod hs property n Oean, NY, and n eary 1993
traveed to Kngman, Arzona to vst hs od Army frend Mchae Forter.
Apparenty McVegh's father ddn't approve of Tm's etters n the oca paper. A
frend of McVegh's father tod the )ost that one of the reasons McVegh eft was
because "he wanted to be somewhere he coud tak about what he reay
beeved."
In Kngman, a rugged hgh-desert town where ant-government sentments run
strong, McVegh woud fnd ke-mnded sous. "Arzona s st gun-on-the-hp
terrtory, rugged ndvduas who don't ke the government n ther busness," sad
Maryn Hart, manager of the Canyon West Mobe Park.
After spendng a bref tme vng wth Forter at hs traer home on East McVcar
Road, McVegh rented a traer at Canyon West where he ved from |une to
September of 1993, for $250-a-month.
The Times, the )ost/ Time and Newsweek a reported that McVegh was a
begerent beer-drnkng, oud musc-payng sob who stayed at the Canyon West
Mobe Park and was subsequenty evcted. Accordng to the Times7
64
Resdents of the Canyon West Mobe Park drew a pcture of an arrogant oner who
worked as a securty guard for a now-defunct truckng company, ved wth hs
pregnant grfrend, expressed deep anger aganst the Federa Government and
often caused troube for hs neghbors. "He drank a ot of beer and threw out the
cans, and I aways had to pck them up," Bob Rangn, owner of the park, was
quoted as sayng. He sad he had frequent fghts wth Mr. McVegh, who often wore
Army fatgues, over such thngs as oud rock musc comng from hs traer and a
dog he kept n voaton of hs ease.
|245|
"|ust about any free tme, he'd be wakng down there, or across the raroad tracks
and frng hs guns," sad Maryn Hart, noddng at the andscape of canyons and
mesas around the Canyon West traer park here that s one of the ast known
addresses of the man arrested for bombng the Okahoma Cty Federa Budng.
"He |ust pan ddn't care. Ddn't matter the tme of day or nght, he'd be out there
shootng."
"Bascay he |ust had a poor atttude, a chp on the shouder knd of thng," sad
Rob Rangn, the owner of the traer park. "He was very cocky. He ooked ke he
was ready to get n a fght pretty easy. I' te you, I was a tte afrad of hm and
I'm not afrad of too many peope.
Mr. McVegh brought n a bg brown dog n defance of the camp reguatons and
eft a wrecked car parked by hs traer, Mr. Rangn sad, and even a neary totay
deaf neghbor, Cyde Smth, companed about the musc. Fnay, sad Mr. Rangn,
"he ped up so many voatons, I asked hm to eave."
"When he dd, the traer was a dsaster," he sad. "It was trashed."
|246|
Yet these accounts of McVegh n the Times1 on Apr 23 and 24 are totay contrary
to ther accounts on May 4 and December 31, whch descrbe hm as a compusve
neat-freak, hghy dscpned, respectfu of hs eders, and courteous to a faut.
Frends and acquantances ntervewed aso camed that McVegh was extremey
quet, never drank, and never had a date, much ess a pregnant grfrend.
Yet on Apr 23, the )ost descrbed how McVegh payed oud musc, terrorzed hs
neghbors, and was evcted from the park. Then on |uy 2, the )ost wrote:
When he moved nto the Canyon West traer park outsde Kngman n 1993, hs
frst act was to wash the drty curtans and dust, vacuum and scrub the entre
traer spotess, sad owner Bob Rangn, who so ked McVegh that he offered to
ower the rent to keep the ex-soder from movng.
The )ost aso ran an ntervew wth neghbor |ack Gohn, who sad McVegh was so
"quet, pote and neat and cean" that "f I had a daughter n that age bracket, I
woud have ntroduced them."
|247|
Sad Maryn Hart of Tmothy McVegh: "He was very quet, very pote, very
courteous, very neat, very cean, quet, obeyed a the park rues. He worked on
the traer, dd some pantng, he dd some ceanng on t, he bought new furnture,
thngs ke that."
|248|
In fact, what the Times was reportng on was not Tmothy McVegh at a, but a
competey dfferent man! Accordng to Hart, the mx-up came when reporters from
the Times were gven nformaton about Dave Heden, who aso was |ust out of the
servce, and had ved n traer #19 (McVegh ved n traer #11). "They thought t
was the man who ved down beow," sad Hart. "He was a sob. But he was not Tm
McVegh. The other guy took hs guns out across the way and fred them a the
65
tme, he got drunk and got up on top of the traer and dd a knds of nosy
thngs.."
Accordng to Hart, after the man's grfrend gave brth he sobered up. "Now
they're marred, the baby was born, he's straghtened up hs fe," sad Hart. "He
straghtened up hs act, and he doesn't act that way any more at a."
Rangn caed authors Kfner and McFadden of the Times to correct them. "I tred to
te them that wasn't McVegh," sad Rangn. "I caed that feow at the Times who
came down here, and tod hm they got the wrong guy."
|249|
Accordng to the Times, t was a "ceary embarrassed" Mr. Rangn who had made
the mstake, wrote the Times on Apr 25: He added that the man he ncorrecty
recaed as Tm McVegh "was ke you woud thnk" a suspect n a mass kng
mght be.
|250|
Ths s ceary nterestng consderng that for days the Times had been pantng
McVegh as a pathoogca, asexua neat freak who was extremey pote. These
trats, the Times1 psychobabbsts camed, were ndcators of a mass ker.
The Times then camed on the very next day that McVegh was a begerent sob
wth a pregnant grfrend, and a of a sudden, these were the characterstcs of a
mass ker. Obvousy, to a propaganda screed ke the New 'ork Times, t ddn't
matter what McVegh's actua personaty reay was.
Whe n Kngman, McVegh worked at dfferent |obs through an agency caed
Aed Forces. "He dd a number of |obs that way," sad Hart. "He was a securty
guard, he dd a number of dfferent |obs. But he aways went to hs |ob, dd them
we. any of the peope who worked wth hm sad he ddn't act odd, you know, t
was totay out of character."
|251|
McVegh worked for a tme at True Vaue Hardware, on Stockton H Road, a |ob
that Forter heped hm get. Pau Shuffer, the store owner, sad McVegh "was a
young and cean ookng person so I gave hm a |ob." Accordng to Shuffer, "If he
was a radca around here, I woud have notced t pretty quck and I woud have
fred hm. Radcas don't ast ong around here because they |ust make a mess of
thngs."
|252|
McVegh aso worked for a spe at State Securty. The Times ntervew wth co-
worker Fred Burkett took a sghty dfferent sant, pantng hs co-worker McVegh
as an arrogant, gun-totng oner. "He had a very dry personaty," Burkett tod the
Times. "He was not very outgong, not takatve and not reay that frendy. He
wasn't a person that mnged. He was a knd of by yoursef knd of person, a oner."
Once, Burkett went wth McVegh on a target-shootng course n the desert, where
McVegh "pretty much went crazy," Burkett sad. After runnng through the course,
pckng off targets wth a Gock .45, McVegh began "emptyng cps on pretty much
anythng - trees, rocks, whatever happened to be there."
|253|
"Other than that, Mr. Burkett sad, "he seemed pretty much norma." "The ony
thng he ever ndcated was that he ddn't care much for the Unted States
Government and how they ran thngs," Mr. Burkett sad. "He ddn't care much for
authorty and especay when t concerned the government."
Yet authortes have specuated that McVegh's nterests went beyond mere
dssatsfacton wth the Federa Government. Accordng to Car Lebron, McVegh
once brought hm a newsetter from the Ku Kux Kan.
|254|
McVegh was aso fond of
a book caed the Turner "iaries. Wrtten by former physcs professor and neo-Naz
66
Wam Perce, the Turner "iaries was a fctonazed account of a whte
supremacst uprsng aganst the ZOG (Zonst Occupatona Government). The
book, exceedngy voent and racst n tone, s a fctonazed account of the
overthrow of the Federa Government - whch by that tme had become the
"|ewsh-bera-democratc-equataran pague" - by a Rght-wng paramtary
group caed the "Organzaton," whch then goes on to murder and segregate |ews
and other "non-whtes." The protagonsts aso bow up FBI headquarters wth a
truck-bomb. The Turner "iaries was found on Tmothy McVegh upon hs arrest.
The book became the bueprnt for a neo-Naz group caed The Order, whch
terrorzed the Mdwest n the eary to md '80s wth a strng of murders and bank
robberes. Authortes have specuated that McVegh, who carred the book wth
hm constanty and sod t at gun shows, was nspred by ts screed to commt hs
terrbe act of voence. Yet McVegh dsmsses such suggestons as gbbersh. "I
bought the book out of the pubcaton that advertsed the book as a gun-rghts
book. That's why I bought t; that's why I read t."
|255|
In Kngman, McVegh made frends wth an ex-marne named Water "Mac"
McCarty. McVegh apparenty sought out the 72-year-od McCarty for dscussons n
whch he tred to make sense of the actons of the Federa Government at Ruby
Rdge and Waco, and such ssues as the Unted Natons, the Second Amendment,
and the "New Word Order."
"I gathered that he was foowng the Rght-wng, survvast, paramtary-type
phosophy," McCarty sad. "I aso got the sense that he was searchng for meanng
and acceptance."
|256|
McVegh and Forter aso took handgun casses from McCarty durng the summer of
1994, whch s odd consderng that the two men, McVegh especay, were
extremey profcent n the use of frearms. "Beeve me, the one thng he dd not
need was frearms tranng, "sad Fred Burkett, McVegh's co-worked at State
Securty. "He was very good and we were mpressed wth hs actons."
|257|
McCarty hmsef was apparenty suspcous of McVegh's motves. "They wanted to
hear certan thngs from me to see f they coud get me nvoved," sad McCarty.
"They defntey ked what they heard. We were on the same page about the
probems of Amerca."
Why woud McVegh, the consummate frearms expert, bother takng a course n
handguns? Perhaps to be around ke-mnded ndvduas or as a harmess
dverson. It s aso possbe, ke the Lee Harvey Oswad mpostor seen at the
Texas rfe range, McVegh was beng sheep-dpped. "I know branwashng when I
see t, McCarty sad. "Those two boys had reay gotten a good case of t." Perhaps
McCarty was beng more tera than he reazed.
|258|
After the August 1994 passage of the Omnbus Crme B outawng certan types
of sem-automatc weapons, "McVegh's demons fnay became unbearabe,"
camed the Times. "What w t take?" wrote McVegh to Forter, expressng hs
exasperaton.
|259|
It s possbe that McVegh had some contact wth a oca mta whe n Kngman.
Accordng to reporter Mark Schafer of the Ari-ona Re*u+lic/ Forter, who worked at
True Vaue, knew |ack Ophant, the edery patron of the Arzona Patrots, an
extreme Rght-wng paramtary group. Ophant had been caught n 1986 pannng
to bow up the Hoover Dam, the IRS and a oca Synagogue. After the FBI rad,
67
Ophant was sentenced to four years n |a, and the Arzona Patrots went
underground. It s reported that Forter, who sported a "Don't Tread on Me" fag
outsde hs traer-home, was frendy wth some of the Arzona Patrots, ncudng
Ophant.
Accordng to federa authortes, McVegh aso eft a note addressed to "S.C." on a
utty poe near Kngman seekng "fghters not takers." It has been specuated that
"S.C." s actuay Steven Cobern, who ved n the nearby town of Oatman, and was
frends wth McVegh. (See Chapter 5)
But federa authortes became very nterested when they earned that a sma
exposon, reated to a home-made bomb, had sghty damaged a house down the
road from the traer park. That house was owned by Frosty McPeak, a frend of
McVegh's who had hred hm n 1993 to do securty work at a oca sheter. When
McPeak's grfrend was arrested n Las Vegas on a bad credt charge, Cark
Vomer, a parapegc drug deaer n Kngman, heped ba her out. In February of
'95, Vomer had asked McPeak to ferry some drugs. He refused. On February 21, a
bomb expoded outsde McPeak's home. When he went to Vomer's house to
confront hm, he found Tmothy McVegh, aong wth another man he ddn't
recognze.
|260|
Accordng to Mohave County Sherff |oe Cook, the exposon "wasn't reay a bg
dea" and probaby wasn't reated to the exposon n Okahoma Cty.
|261|
What does Maryn Hart thnk about McVegh's connecton to the oca mtas? "I
probaby do know severa peope who are mta," sad Hart. "But they don't
advertse t, and they're not kooks. To me, McVegh ddn't have the money. The
two other guys, Rosencrans and Forter, went to schoo wth our chdren, and
nether of them have money ether. And t took a good amount of money to pu
ths off. "
"Obsessed With Waco"
Whether or not McVegh's "demons" became "unbearabe" after the passage of the
Omnbus Crme B, hs anger, aong wth that of mons of others, woud be
|ustfed by the governments' massacre of 86 nnocent men, women and chdren
at the Branch Davdan Seventh Day Adventst Church near Waco the foowng
Apr. The ostensbe purpose of the ATF's rad was to nspect the premses for
ega weapons. Athough the Davdans, who were censed gun deaers, had
nvted the ATF to nspect ther weapons, the agency decned; they were more
nterested n stagng a show rad to mpress the pubc and ncrease ther
budgetary aowance. In fact, the rad was code-named "Show Tme."
On February 28, 1993, wthout a proper warrant and wthout dentfyng
themseves, over 100 agents stormed the Church compound. Resdents who
answered the door were mmedatey fred upon. At east one ATF hecopter began
strafng the budng, frng nto the roof. For the next hour, ATF agents fred
thousands of rounds nto the compound. Many church members, ncudng women,
chdren and the edery, were ked by gunfre as they ay hudded n fear, the
women attemptng to cover the chdren wth ther bodes. Church members
repeatedy begged the 911 operator to stop the rad. In the ensung batte, four
ATF agents were ked, athough there s evdence that ndcates they were ked
by "frendy fre."
68
Severa days ater, the FBI took over. Amost mmedatey, they began
psychoogcay harassng the Church members wth oud noses. For over a month
and a haf, the Davdans were tormented by the sounds of dyng anmas, regous
chants, oud musc, and ther own voces. Ther eectrcty was cut off, and mk and
other suppes necessary for young chdden was not aowed nto the compound.
Brght ghts were shned on resdents 24 hours-a-day, and armored vehces began
crcng the compound, whe fash-bang grenades were thrown nto the courtyard.
The meda was kept at bay, fed propagandzng stores by FBI spokesmen that
panted the Davdans as crazed cutsts wth desres for apocayptc sef-
destructon - dangerous wackos who stockped machne-guns and who abused
ther chdren. The mass meda happy obged, feedng these mages to a gube
pubc.
|262|
After a 51-day standoff, the newy apponted Attorney Genera, |anet Reno,
approved an FBI pan to assaut the compound wth a hghy voate form of tear-
gas, proven deady to chdren, who she was ostensby tryng to protect from
"abuse." On Apr 19, tanks from the Texas Natona Guard and the Army's |ont
Task Force Sx, n voaton of the Posse Comtatus Act forbddng the use of
mtary force aganst prvate ctzens, stormed the compound, frng hundreds of
CS gas ferret rounds nto the budngs. The tanks aso rammed the budngs
repeatedy, knockng hoes n them, the offca expanaton beng so that the
resdents coud more easy escape. Instead, what t dd was cause the budngs to
coapse, kng dozens as they ay crouched n fear. Kerosene anterns knocked
over by the tank rammng gnted the hghy fammabe CS gas, and the hoes
created a fue effect through the budngs, caused by 30 me and hour wnds.
Immedatey the compound became a fery nferno.
Whe some resdents managed to escape, most were trapped nsde, exphyxated
by the gas, crushed by fang debrs, or burned ave. Some who tred to escape
were shot by FBI snpers. One unarmed man who tred to enter the compound to
be wth hs famy was shot sx tmes, then eft yng n a fed whe prare dogs
pcked at hs bones. Durng the fna sege, whch asted for sx hours, fretrucks
were purposefuy kept away. Bradey M-2 armored vehces ftted wth pows
pushed n the st standng was, buryng those st trapped nsde. A concrete
vaut where approxmatey 30 peope had sought refuge was basted open wth
demoton charges, kng most of the peope nsde.
When t was a over, the fre department was aowed nsde the compound to
pump water on the smoderng debrs. Out of approxmatey 100 Church members,
86 pershed, ncudng 27 chdren. No FBI agent was n|ured. The remanng 11
Church members were put on tra for attempted murder of federa agents. Durng
the tra, government prosecutors repeatedy wthhed, atered, and destroyed
evdence. The government even cut off eectrcty to the morgue, preventng
autopses on the bodes.
The |udge, recenty under scrutny by the "|ustce" Department, aso refused to
aow the testmony of crtca wtnesses. Athough the |ury found a 11 nnocent,
the |udge reversed the verdct. Nne Davdans were mprsoned for attemptng to
defend ther fames. Some receved sentences up to 40 years.
69
Whe "Genera" Reno, n a symboc gesture of pubc reconcaton, took "fu
responsbty" for the actons of the FBI, she never resgned or served tme. In fact,
Larry Potts, who ed the rad on behaf of the FBI, was promoted.
The assaut woud be compared to the massacre of the |ews n Warsaw by the
Nazs durng WWII. A bunch of regous fanatcs. Who'd compan? Who'd care? Yet
the government ddn't count on the fact that a ot of peope would care. Mons n
fact. The murder of the Branch Davdans woud ndeed become a wake-up ca for
a ctzenry concerned about an ncreasngy tyrannca, awess government. A
government that woud murder ts own ctzens wth mpunty, n fact wth zea. A
government that woud e to ts ctzens, and be accountabe to no one.
|263|
In March of 1993, Tmothy McVegh traveed from Kngman to Waco to observe the
51-day standoff. He was photographed by the FBI aong wth others protestng the
sege on the road outsde the compound, seng bumper stckers out of hs car.
Lke Lee Harvey Oswad, who was photographed at the Cuban embassy n Mexco
(a cam made by the government, but never substantated), the photo of McVegh
woud be added proof of hs far-Rght-wng assocatons.
A day and a haf ater, McVegh drove to Decker, Mchgan to be wth hs od Army
buddy, Terry Nchos. The Nchos famy sat wth McVegh n ther vng room as
they watched M-2 Bradey assaut vehces storm the compound. On Apr 19, they
watched as the Branch Davdan Church burnt to the ground. "Tm dd not say a
word," sad |ames Nchos, who watched the compound burn to the ground aong
wth Tm and hs brother. "We stood there and watched the ve teevson footage
as the church burned and crumbed. we coudn't beeve t."
|264|
McVegh, who the |ustce Department camed was "partcuary agtated about the
conduct of the Federa Government n Waco," had a rght to be. McVegh had
offered hs fe to serve n the mtary, and now had seen that very same mtary
massacrng ts own ctzens. He coud see the Green Berets from the Army's |ont
Task Force Sx advsng the FBI, and had watched whe Bradey armored vehces
- the same vehces he had served n - gassed and budozed the ctzens of a
country he had sworn to defend.
The Federa Budng was bown up on Apr 19, the two year annversary of the
Waco confagraton. Lke mons of other ctzens, McVegh was angry about the
deady rad. He was partcuary ncensed about the partcpaton of the Army's
|ont Task Force Sx, and about the depoyment of the Seventh Lght Infantry
durng the Los Angees rots n 1992, and the Unted Natons command over
Amercan soders n Somaa, hs former Army frend Staff Sergeant Abert
Warnement tod the Times. "He thought the Federa Government was gettng too
much power. He thought the ATF was out of contro."
|265|
"I saw a ocazed poce state," McVegh tod the 3ondon Sunday Times, "|and| was
angry at how ths had come about."
|266|
"Ther (the FBI's) actons n Waco, Texas were wrong. And I'm not fxated on t...."
he tod Newsweek.
"It dsturbed hm," sad Burkett. "It was wrong, and he was mad about t. He was
fat out mad. He sad the government wasn't worth the powder to bow t to
he."
|267|
Perhaps rather concdentay, McVegh's sster |ennfer sad that durng her
brother's November '94 vst to the McVegh famy home n Lockport, he confded
70
that he had been drvng around wth 1,000 pounds of exposves. Durng hs tra
Prosecutor Beth Wknson asked |ennfer f she had questoned her brother about
why he was carryng so much. "I don't thnk I wanted to know," she sad.
|268|
|ust what was McVegh dong drvng around wth exposves, and where dd he
acqure them? Were these exposves part of the batch of ammonum ntrate Terry
Nchos had aegedy purchased from the Md-Kansas Co-op on October 20, or
perhaps the Dynamte and Tovex the government aeged Nchos stoe from the
Martn Maretta rock quarry n September?
Obvousy ths, and McVegh's expresson of anger at the Federa Government,
woud become the foundaton of ther case aganst hm. In a etter Tm wrote to
|ennfer, he s hghy crtca of the ATF. The anonymous etter, whch was sent to
the federa agency, was accompaned by a note that read: "A you tyrannca
motherfuckers w swng n the wnd one day for your treasonous actons aganst
the Consttuton and the Unted States." It concuded wth the words, "De, you
spneess cowardce bastards."
|269|
"He was very angry," recaed |ennfer McVegh durng her brother's tra. "He
thought the government gassed and murdered the peope there."
|ennfer aso camed her brother aso wrote a etter to the Amercan Legon sayng
that ATF agents "are a bunch of fascst tyrants." He dentfed hmsef n the etter
as a member of the "ctzens' mta." He aso sent hs sster terature on the
standoff at Ruby Rdge, the Consttuton, and even a copy of the Turner "iaries.
|270|
By the Sprng of 1995, he tod |ennfer not to send any more etters to hm after
May 1 because "G-men mght get them." Then he sent her a etter sayng,
"Somethng bg s gong to happen n the month of the Bu." He dd not expan
what that meant, but |ennfer ooked n her astroogy book and saw that the
"month of the Bu" was Apr. McVegh aso advsed her to extend her Sprng break
- whch began on Apr 8 - a bt onger than the panned two weeks, and
nstructed her to burn the etter.
|271|
For McVegh's part, he wrote that ths "expresson of rage" the government
camed was so key, was nothng more than ".part of my contrbuton to defense
of freedom, ths ca to arms.. I ntend to become more actve n the future. I
woud rather fght wth penc ead than buet ead. We can wn ths war n votng
booth. If we have to fght n the streets, I woud not be so sure.. A too often n
the past, we gutsy gun owners have ost the batte because we have faed to fght.
The Brady B coud have been defeated n Congress f gun owners had become
more nvoved n eectng offcas and communcatng to those offcas what was
expected to them.. Start your defense today. Stamps are cheaper than buets
and can be more effectve."
Ths etter, found by authortes n McVegh's car, speaks of a man commtted to
fghtng for freedom as many Amercans have, n the "votng booth," and wth pen
and paper. Yet ead prosecutor |oseph Hartzer woud read ths etter, aong wth
quotes such as ths one: "My whoe mndset has shfted. from the nteectua to
the anma," nto evdence at McVegh's tra, n an attempt to prove that Tmothy
McVegh was commtted to voence.
Lke Lee Harvey Oswad, who was upset about the Cuban Bay of Pgs nvason and
Amercan foregn pocy n genera, a vew he expressed to hs frends n Daas,
McVegh was upset about the government's foregn pocy, a vew he expressed to
71
hs frends here. "He wasn't happy about Somaa," that f we coud put the Unted
States under bascay UN command and send them to Somaa to dsarm ther
ctzens, then why coudn't they come do the same thng n the Unted States?"
Sergeant Warnement sad.
McVegh was aso reportedy angry over the kngs of Sammy and Vck Weaver,
who were ked by federa agents at ther cabn n Ruby Rdge, Idaho n August of
1992. Randy Weaver had become a fugtve wanted on a mnor weapons voaton.
Durng the stand-off, U.S. Marshas had shot 14-year-od Sammy Weaver n the
back, and had shot Vck Weaver, Randy's wfe, n the face as she stood at the
cabn door hodng her nfant daughter. McVegh had traveed to Ruby Rdge and
came back convnced that federa agents ntentonay ked the Weavers.
Athough hs anger over Waco and Ruby Rdge hardy mpcates McVegh n the
destructon of the Federa Budng, the government woud make ths one of the
cornerstones of t case. The press naturay |umped on the bandwagon. When |ane
Pauey of NBC's Datene ntervewed |ennfer McVegh about her thoughts on
Waco, she sad, "The way I saw t, the Davdans were |ust a group of peope who
had ther own way of vng, perhaps dfferent from the manstream. But they were
never reay harmng anybody. And to brng n a those tanks and thngs ke that
to peope who are |ust mndng ther own busness, not harmng anybody, I |ust - I
don't thnk that's rght."
But the dead, burned chdren at Waco were not what the producers at Datene
wanted the pubc to see. Immedatey after |ennfer's statement, they cut to an
mage of the bombed-out day care center nsde the Murrah Budng. "We. We've
been hopng ths woudn't be the case," sad the ve voce of an undentfed
rescue worker, "but t s the case, there was a day-care nsde the budng."
Time ran a page dedcated to the Waco theory, statng, "The date of ast week's
bombng and the annversary of the apocayptc fre (notce they don't say
government massacre) at the Branch Davdan compound n Waco - has ony
ganed n nfamy, ntrcatey bound as t s to the mythooges of homegrown
zeaots ke McVegh."
|272|
!heep-2ipped
It woud appear that the seed that gave root to McVegh's "homegrown zea" was
ncubated n a U.S. government hothouse and fertzed by a heapng dose of
ntegence agency fanatcsm.
After Waco, wth the emergence of the Mta Movement, the stage woud be set,
the de woud be cast - for Tmothy McVegh to be poured nto ke a mnature
ead soder. Whe the FBI and the press admtted that McVegh ddn't actuay
beong to any organzed mta organzaton, "there was consderabe evdence
that he sympathzed wth and espoused ther beefs," wrote the Times.
He voced ther deas n conversatons, he wrote etters expressng them, he read
ther terature and attended ther meetngs. And he ved, worked and traded
weapons n areas where the paramtary groups en|oy consderabe support.
|273|
Lke Lee Harvey Oswad, who appeared to be an avd Communst, dstrbutng
eafets on behaf of the Far Pay for Cuba Commttee, McVegh woud pay the part
of an avowed Rght-wnger, dstrbutng terature about taxes, the Second
Amendment, Waco and Ruby Rdge. Lke Oswad, who eft behnd a dary wdey
72
beeved to be a CIA forgery, McVegh was purported to have smary documented
hs own extremst poston. Accordng to the Times7
Law enforcement offcas say McVegh eft behnd a arge body of wrtngs about
hs deoogca eanngs, ncudng extensve tracts n etters to frends and
reatves, that descrbe hs beef n the consttutona prncpes that he adamanty
mantaned aowed hm to carry frearms and ve wthout any restrants from the
government. Prosecutors are key to use such documents to estabsh hs motve
at a tra.
|274|
Lke Oswad, McVegh's departure from the mtary was under somewhat
mysterous crcumstances. And ke Oswad, an ex-Marne wth a top-secret
securty cearance who appeared to "defect" to the Sovet Unon, McVegh woud
appear to be a "dsgrunted" ex-Army sergeant who happened to "drft" nto the
frnges of the far-Rght.
|275|
Yet, ke Oswad, who ved and worked amongst the bastons of the far-Rght n
Daas whe purportng to be a Marxst, McVegh woud not seem to be the extreme
Rght-wng fanatc he's been made out to be. In a etter to hs hometown
newspaper n February, 1992, he wrote:
At a pont when the word has seen Communsm fater as an mperfect system to
manage peope; democracy seems to be headed down the same road.. Maybe we
have to combne deooges to acheve the perfect utopan government.
Remember, government-sponsored heath care was a Communst dea..
Obvousy, such vews are anathema to the far-Rght, who see any attempt to
socaze socety as a ma|or step towards the great one-word Communst
conspracy. It s possbe that McVegh was more progressve than hs Rght-wng
assocates. It s aso possbe that McVegh was beng sheep-dpped as a mtant
Rght-wnger.
After Waco, McVegh traveed to Mchgan, stayng for a tme wth Terry Nchos. He
worked on Nchos' farm, and went huntng and target practcng. Neghbors reca
how McVegh and Nchos made and detonated sma homemade bombs. Pau
Izydorek, a neghbor, recas "When they were around, they'd get dfferent guns
and pay and shoot and stuff." On at east one occason, Izydorek heard basts at
the farm and notced Terry Nchos and a man he thought was McVegh. "I'd seen
them payng around wth dfferent househod tems that you can make bow up.
|ust sma stuff. |ust outsde n the yard, bowng away."
|276|
Nchos' brother |ames aso admtted to the FBI that McVegh and Terry made and
expoded "botte bombs" at hs farm, usng brake fud, gasone, and dese fue,
and that he sometmes partcpated.
|277|
In hs ntervew wth Newsweek, McVegh dspeed the myth that hs bomb makng
was a precursor to more deady acts. "It woud amount to frecrackers. It was ke
poppng a paper bag," sad McVegh, who had aso expermented wth sma
exposves on hs and n Oean, NY pror to enterng the Army.
Yet a reatve aso tod the FBI that |ames Nchos kept a arge suppy of ammonum
ntrate fertzer on the farm - the very substance federa authortes accused the
suspects of usng to manufacture ther aeged truck-bomb, a fact that woud
become yet another nchpn n the government's case aganst the two men.
Whe n Mchgan, McVegh aso started workng the gun shows. From Apr of 1993
to March of 1995, McVegh woud trave from Kngman, Arzona to Decker,
73
Mchgan, and across the U.S., attendng mta meetngs and workng the gun
show crcut. A gun coector ntervewed by the Times sad that he had
encountered McVegh n gun shows rangng from Forda to Okahoma to Nevada.
"At the S.O.F. (Soder of Fortune) conventon he was knd of wanderng around,"
sad the gun coector, who requested anonymty, "ke he was tryng to meet
peope, maybe make converts. He coud make ten frends at a show, |ust by hs
manner and demeanor. He's pote, he doesn't nterrupt."
"McVegh traveed around the country n a rattetrap car," wrote the Times1 Kfner,
"hs camoufage fatgues cean and pressed, hs ony companon a we-thumbed
copy of the venomous apocayptc nove, The Turner "iaries0.
Yet t woud seem McVegh s not the asexua, socopathc oner that the press -
the New 'ork Times n partcuar - has made hm out to be.
Had Kfner read the May 5th edton of Newsweek, he woud have dscovered that
McVegh had more than an od book for a companon. Newsweek reported that a
Kansas prvate nvestgator had tracked down an od |patonc| grfrend of
McVegh's - most key Catna Lawson of Herrngton, Kansas - attemptng to
convnce her to se her story to a news agency.
|278|
Robert |erow, an Okahoma Cty prvate nvestgator, was aso trackng down a
grfrend of McVegh's n Las Vegas.
|279|
And CNN ndcated that authortes had
dscovered a etter n the gove compartment to an od grfrend.
|280|
Yet McVegh's gypsy-ke traves across the country n an od beat-up car were
sghty more then unusua. He traveed wdey wth no vsbe means of support,
other than tradng and seng guns and mtary paraphernaa. Yet acquantances
and other wtnesses reca he aways had wads of cash on hm. Upon hs arrest,
McVegh had $2,000 on hm. He reportedy had thousands more stashed away. He
aso traveed wthout uggage, makng hs car and occasona cheap motes hs ony
home.
"He ved n hs car," sad the gun deaer quoted n the Times. "Whatever he owned
t was n that car."
|281|
Accordng to hs sster |ennfer, hs cosest confdant, ".haf the tme we ddn't
know where he was. Haf the tme he woudn't even te us where he was vng."
|282|
Agan, one has to ask why McVegh woud vountary gve up a promsng mtary
career to go careenng around the country hawkng used mtary surpus n an od
car.
McVegh used the name "Tm Tutte" whe workng the gun shows, camng that
the aas was necessary to protect hm from peope who ddn't share hs potca
vews.
|283|
There s another possbe reason McVegh may have used an aas
however.
At one gun show n Phoenx, an undercover detectve reported that McVegh had
been attemptng to se a fare gun whch he camed coud be converted nto a
rocket auncher. Accordng to B Ftzgerad of the Marcopa County Attorney's
offce n Phoenx, McVegh "took a she apart and showed that the nteror coud be
removed and another package put n that coud shoot down an ATF hecopter." He
aso was reportedy handng out copes of the name and address of Lon Horuch,
the FBI snper who shot and ked Vck Weaver, and seng caps wth the etters
'ATF' surrounded by buet hoes.
|284|
74
"He had come to see hmsef as a soder n hs own strange war aganst the Unted
States," wrote the Times. McVegh's mother tod an acquantance after vstng wth
hm n her home state of Forda that he was "totay changed," and observed, "t
was ke he traded one Army for another one."
|285|
Whe t s hghy possbe that McVegh, ke many peope, genuney dsked the
ATF and FBI, t s aso possbe he used such hgh-profe ant-government tactcs as
a ruse whe workng undercover. Whe such behavor mght appear extreme, t s
a cassc agent provocateur technque. The ATF routney works undercover at gun
shows, searchng for peope seng ega frearms. Who better to ure and entrap
unwary vctms than a gun deaer camng to be vruenty ant-ATF. It s aso
possbe that McVegh was workng undercover for another agency.
In an umnatng seres of phone cas to Representatve Chares Key, an
anonymous source stated that McVegh was present at severa meetngs wth ATF
and DEA agents n the days mmedatey precedng the bombng. The meetngs
took pace n Okahoma Cty at dfferent ocatons. The ostensbe purpose of the
meetngs were to provde McVegh wth further nstructons, and to factate a
payoff.
Davd Ha of KPOC-TV uncovered nformaton that McVegh had met wth oca ATF
agent Aex McCauey n a McDonads the nght before the bombng. The ATF agent
was seen handng McVegh an enveope. (See Chapter 9)
CNN woud cast a pae over ths |argey unknown| nformaton by reportng n |une
of 1995 that McVegh had been under surveance by an undercover operatve at
an Arzona gun show two years pror to the bombng.
Ths fact was renforced when the Ant-Defamaton League of B'Na B'Rth (ADL)
reported that McVegh ran an ad for a "rocket auncher" (actuay a fare gun) n
the far-Rght S*otli%ht newspaper on August 9, 1993. In fact, the ad ddn't appear
unt the ne#t week, August 16. McVegh had orgnay pad to have the
advertsement run on the 9th. Not beng aware of the S*otli%ht1s mpendng
schedung confct, however, the ADL reported that the ad had run one week
before t actuay dd. Ths subsumes that the ADL, ong known for ts spyng and
ntegence-gatherng actvtes, had McVegh under surveance as we.
|286|
Interestngy, McVegh's young frend, Catna Lawson, recaed a strange man who
often showed up at summer partes the hgh-schooers threw. The soders from
nearby Ft. Rey woud attend the gatherngs ookng to meet grs, and McVegh
and hs frends Mchae Bresca and Andy Strassmer (who ved at the whte
separatst compound n Southeast Okahoma known as Eohm Cty), woud often
attend.
|287|
Yet the man Catna descrbed was nether a hgh-schooer nor a soder. Ths
mysterous character n hs ate 30s to md-40s, who often wore a sut and a te
and drove a red sports car, was was apparenty not there to pck up grs. As
Conne Smth, Catna's mother tod me, "The man dd not nteract wth anyone
ese. he stayed off. he never nteracted wth anybody ese," ony McVegh.
Barbara Whttenberg, who owned the Sante Fe Tra Dner n Herrngton, Kansas,
aso remembered the man. The restaurant owner recaed that he woud come n
wth McVegh and Terry Nchos, who ved nearby. She ddn't know where he was
from, and had never seen hm before.
75
Was McVegh an nformant? Was he workng for two dfferent agences? Numerous
Kennedy researchers have uncovered evdence that Oswad was an FBI nformant
at the same tme he was beng sheep-dpped by the CIA for hs roe n the |FK
assassnaton. Accordng to former Dstrct Attorney (ater federa |udge) |m
Garrson:
Oswad appears to have been extensvey manpuated by the CIA for a ong tme
pror to the assassnaton and may we have beeved he was workng for the
government. Oswad was aso a confdenta nformant, a |ob that provded
addtona contro over hm and may have gven hm a reason to beeve he was
actuay penetratng a pot to assassnate the presdent.
|288|
Stuatons where a person s workng for two aw-enforcement or ntegence
agences at the same tme are not uncommon.
What is uncommon s for a man ke McVegh to gve up a promsng mtary career
to hawk used duffe bags from an od car. But then agan, n the twght
netherword of ntegence operatons, thngs aren't aways what they appear.
|289|
Whe n Mchgan, McVegh aso began tunng n to the Voce of Amerca and Rado
Free Amerca on hs shortwave. He was drawn to personates ke Chuck Harder,
|ack McLamb, and Mark Koernke, a conveyng an ant-federast, ant-New Word
Order message. "He sent me a ot of newsetters and stuff from those groups he
was nvoved n," sad Warnement, then statoned n Germany. "There were
newsetters from Bo Grtz's group, some other odd newsetters, some from the
Patrots; then he sent that vdeotape 'The Bg Le' about Waco."
|290|
McVegh aso began attendng mta meetngs. Accordng to Mchgan Mta
member Erc Maoney, McVegh was present at a truck-stop near Detrot for a
|anuary 25, 1995 meetng of approxmatey 70 members of the Oakand County Sx
Brgade. Members had obtaned photographs of T-72 tanks and other Russan
vehces en route va raway fatcars to Camp Grayng, an Ar Natona Guard base
n northern Mchgan. Athough the captured Iraq tanks were for target practce,
the mtamen nterpreted the equpment as proof postve of a UN pan to dsarm
Amercan ctzens and decare marta aw.
Accordng to Maoney and mta member |oseph Dtzhazy, a pot was hatched to
attack the base by Mark Koernke, a hgh-profe mta spokesman known to hs
rado steners as "Mark from Mchgan." Accordng to Maoney, Koernke sad, "We
can ether take them out now whe we're st abe to, or wat unt the sons of
btches are rong down the street." Three days ater, about 20 members met at a
farm near Leonard to dscuss pans for the attack. Accordng to Maoney, McVegh
was one of 13 who vounteered for the assaut. "McVegh was there," recaed
Maoney on ABC's Prme Tme Lve. "My wfe sat next to hm. He was very
attentve, very nterested n beng nvoved n that operaton, vounteered hs
servces."
The pan never came off. Dtzhazy and Maoney aerted State Poce, who then
contacted federa authortes. When the pot was made pubc, the Mchgan Mta
ssued a press reease statng that the pan was the branchd of Koernke, workng
aongsde a group of renegade members. Others who attended the meetngs sad
that t was actuay Maoney who pushed the pan, and had to be dssuaded from
gong through wth t. Interestngy, Maoney was to provde weapons tranng for
severa of the attackers, and Dtzhazy, who made audo-tapes of the meetngs, s a
76
former mtary ntegence offcer. When the FBI was contacted about Dtzhazy's
cam that the pot was hatched by McVegh and others, the FBI refused comment.
|291|
What s aso nterestng s that Koernke hmsef s a former Army ntegence
offcer. Koernke, a veteran of the 70th Army Reserve Dvson n Lvona, Mchgan,
refers to hmsef as an "ntegence anayst" and "counterntegence coordnator"
wth a "top-secret cearance." He aso purports to have traned two "speca-
warfare" brgades that traned Army personne n "foregn warfare and tactcs."
Whe hs cams may be exaggerated, Koernke dd attend the Army's ntegence
schoo at Fort Huachuca, Arzona. He returned to Mchgan an E-5 specast wth a
G-2 (securty) secton of a peacetme Reserve unt.
|292|
Koernke qucky rose to become one of the most sought after speakers on the
Patrot crcut, eadng off semnars n over 40 states. Hs vdeo, America in )eril,
sounds apocayptc warnngs of the comng New Word Order, ncudng pans by
the Counc of Foregn Reatons, the Tratera Commsson, and the Bderbergers
to domnate and ensave Amerca - wth of course, a tte hep from Russan
troops, Nepaese Gurkhas, and L.A. street gangs.
|293|
It woud seem that Koernke s
empoyng a tme-tested technque of ntegence PSYOP dsnformaton. Whe
purportng to ra aganst what may be genune pans of a New Word Order caba,
Koernke sps n |ust enough rdcuous dsnformaton to dscredt hs thess, and by
assocaton, anyone who supports t.
After the bombng, the meda put Koernke n ts spotght. Koernke has boasted
freey to frends that he was once empoyed as a "provocateur." He ddn't say
exacty for whom. In hs tape, Koernke s shown hodng an AK-47 and a cord of
rope, statng: "Now, I dd some basc math the other day, not New Word Order
math, and I found that usng the od-stye math you can get about four potcans
for about 120 foot of rope. And, by the way, DuPont made ths. It s very fttng that
one of the New Word Order crowd shoud provde us wth the resources to berate
our naton.."
Whe the author personay has no quams about strngng up the DuPonts, the
Rockefeers and many other cons of the mtary-ndustra-estabshment,
Koernke's rant smacks of the cassc art of propaganda - that of the agent
provocateur. Many n the Mta movement have accused hm of |ust that.
|294|*
On September 8, 1994, Fowerve, Mchgan poce stopped a car that contaned
three men n camoufage and back face pant, armed wth three 9mm
semautomatcs, a .357 Magnum, an assortment of assaut rfes, and 7,000 rounds
of ammunton. The men camed to be Koernke's bodyguards.
Ken Krkand, an offca of the St. Luca County, Forda Mta sad that McVegh
was actng as Koernke's bodyguard at a March 1994 meetng. Krkand recaed a
bodyguard n Army camoufage cothes resembng McVegh who ntroduced
hmsef as "Tm" and was "reay upset about Waco."
|295|
Koernke and McVegh both deny ths. As McVegh tod Newsweek ".I was never to
one of ther meetngs, ether."
|296|
Was Koernke's "bodyguard" actuay Tm McVegh? In the September, 1995 ssue of
Soldier of Fortune, an ATF agent - the spttng mage of Tm McVegh - s seen
accompanyng ATF Agent Robert Rodrquez to the tra of the Branch Davdans.
Was ths n fact the "McVegh" who accompaned Koernke?
77
Gven both mens' mysterous backgrounds, ther curous ntersectons n Forda
and Mchgan, and the Camp Grayng and Fowerve ncdents, t s hghy key
that we are ookng at two agent provocateurs.
Other evdence of McVegh's apparent empoyment as an agent provocateur woud
surface ater. In a statement he made to Newsweek n response to a queston
about Reno and Cnton askng for the death penaty, McVegh sad: "I thought t
was awfuy hypocrtca, especay because n some ways the government was
responsbe for dong t. I thought she was payng both sdes of the fence." One
must wonder |ust how McVegh knows that "n some ways" the government was
"responsbe for dong t."
McVegh's own nsurrectonst tendences began comng to fruton towards the end
of 1993, accordng to authortes, when McVegh nformed hs sster that he was
part of an ant-government group that was robbng banks. Ths startng reveaton
came n the form of three $100 bs he sent to |ennfer n a etter dated December
24, 1993. The money was part of the proceeds from a bank hest. As |ennfer tod
the FBI on May 2, 1995:
"He had been nvoved n a bank robbery but dd not provde any further detas
concernng the robbery. He advsed me that he had not actuay partcpated n the
robbery tsef, but was somehow nvoved n the pannng or settng up of ths
robbery. Athough he dd not dentfy the partcpants by name, he stated that
'they' had commtted the robbery. Hs purpose for reatng ths nformaton to me
was to request that I exchange some of my own money for what I reca to be
approxmatey three (3) $100.00 bs.
"He expaned that ths money was from the bank robbery and he wshed to
crcuate ths money through me. To the best of my recoecton, I then gave my
brother what I reca to be approxmatey $300.00 of my persona cash, n
exchange for 3 $100.00 bs, whch I deposted wthn the next severa days n an
account at the Unt No. 1 Federa credt Unon, Lockport, New York."
|ennfer aso recaed Tm statng, "Persons who rob banks may not be crmnas at
a. He mped |ews are runnng the country and a arge degree of contro s
exercsed by the Free Masons. Banks are the rea theves and the ncome tax s
ega."
|297|
Was Tmothy McVegh n fact a bank robber? If so, t s possbe he was nspred by
the Turner "iaries. The protagonsts n that nove fnance ther overthrow of the
"Zonst Occupatona Government" by robbng banks and armored cars. As
prevousy dscussed, the book became a rea fe nspraton for Robert Matthew's
Order, aso known as "The Sent Brotherhood," whch was engaged n hests of
banks and armored cars throughout the Mdwest durng the 1980s. The Order was
part of the whte Aryan supremacst communty that sought to estabsh an a-
whte homeand n the Northwest.
In December of 1984, Mathews was ked n a shoot-out wth the FBI and poce,
and the Order dsntegrated. Yet the whte supremacst movement ved on, n such
guses as the Aryan Natons, Whte Aryan Resstance (WAR), and a new, as yet
unheard of group - the Aryan Repubcan Army, whose members are beeved to
be drect descendants of the Order.
It was to ths ast group that Tmothy McVegh woud be drawn, at a rura whte
separatst regous communty n southeast Okahoma caed Eohm Cty. It was
78
there that McVegh woud meet such sef-styed revoutonares as Peter
"Commander Pedro" Langan, who, aong wth Scott Stedeford, Kevn McCarthy, and
the ate Rchard Guthre, woud go on to rob over 22 banks across the Mdwest,
coectng a tota of $250,000.
In a recrutment vdeo obtaned by the Mc!urtain ,a-ette, Langan appears n a
dsguse, expanng the goas of the ARA - the overthrow of the Federa
Government, and the subsequent executon of a |ews and the deportaton of a
non-whtes from the U.S.
In the tape, made ony a few months before the Okahoma Cty bombng, Langan
says, "Federa budngs may have to be bombed and cvan oss of fe s
regrettabe but expected."
|298|
Accordng to ATF nformant Caro Howe, ntervewed by ,a-ette reporter |.D. Cash,
both McVegh and Forter had vsted Eohm Cty, as had Langan, Guthre,
Stedeford and McCarthy. A secret recordng made by the nformant apparenty
reveas dscussons between Andreas Strassmer, Eohm Cty's chef of securty
(aso suspected of beng an nformant), and varous ARA members, dscussng
pans to bow up federa budngs. Whe t s not known f McVegh was ntmatey
nvoved wth the ARA bank robbers, he was seen wth Strassmer and ARA
assocate Mchae Bresca at partes n Kansas, and at a bar n Tusa shorty before
the bombng. McVegh had aso caed Eohm Cty ookng for Strassmer the day
after he reserved the Ryder truck aegedy used n the bombng.
In the Fa on 1994, McVegh and Terry Nchos aegedy began hoardng
ammonum ntrate and dese fue. By md-October, the par had, accordng to
offca accounts, managed to stockpe approxmatey 4,000 pounds of fertzer,
whch they stashed n storage ockers from Kansas to Arzona.
|299|
Lke Mohammed Saemeh, a Word Trade Center bombng suspect arrested when
he attempted to retreve hs truck renta depost, McVegh woud be nked to the
bombng by the frst n a chan of damnng evdence - hs thumbprnt on a
fertzer recept found n Terry Nchos' home; nqures about bomb-makng
materas made on hs cang-card; and the paperwork used to rent the Ryder truck
tsef.
Lke Saemeh's renta recept whch had traces of ANFO on t, McVegh's cothes
woud aegedy contan traces of a detonator cord known as PDTN.
|300|
Lke the
Word Trade Center bombers who stockped bomb-makng equpment n rented
storage ockers n New |ersey, McVegh and Nchos woud store ther ammonum
ntrate n rented ockers n Kansas and Arzona. And ke the Word Trade Center
bombers who caed commerca chemca companes requestng bomb-makng
materas, McVegh woud mpcate hmsef by usng a traceabe phone card to
make hs purchases.
The most dammng evdence nkng McVegh to the crme woud be the wtness
sghtngs pacng hm at the Murrah Budng |ust before the bombng, foowng the
Ryder truck, then speedng away n hs yeow Mercury severa mnutes before the
bast.
Yet the most curous evdence mpcatng McVegh n the bombng came from
wtnesses who say he cased the budng on December 16, when he and Mchae
Forter drove through Okahoma Cty en route to Kansas, then agan approxmatey
one and a haf weeks before the bombng.
79
Danee Wse Hunt, who operated the Stars and Strpes Chd Deveopment Center
n the Murrah Budng, tod the FBI that on December 16, a cean-cut man wearng
camoufage fatgues approached her, seekng to pace hs two chdren n the day
care center. Hunt tod agents that the man ddn't ask typca parent-type
questons, but nstead wanted to know about the day-care center's securty. Hunt
thought he mght be a potenta kdnapper. Later, after seeng hs face on TV, she
recognzed the man as Tmothy McVegh.
|301|
If the man was ndeed Tmothy McVegh, t s curous why he woud ater cam he
was unaware of the day-care center n the budng. If McVegh was so upset about
the deaths of nnocent chdren at Waco, why woud he knowngy bomb a budng
contanng nnocent chdren as an act of revenge?
Yet ths "act of revenge" s precsey what the government cams motved hm.
Such an act coud ony be the resut of a deranged man. Yet McVegh s anythng
but deranged. In hs |uy 3rd Newsweek ntervew, he sad, "For two days, n the
ce, we coud hear news reports; and of course everyone, ncudng mysef, was
horrfed at the deaths of the chdren. And you know, that was the No. 1 foca pont
of the meda at the tme, too, obvousy - the deaths of the chdren. It's a very
tragc thng."
Perhaps "deranged" sn't the proper word; perhaps "controed" woud be more
approprate. After hs arrest, McVegh was shown photographs of the dead
chdren. He camed to have no emotona reacton. Agan, ths coud very we be
ndcatve of a psychoogcay-controed ndvdua.
There s another strong possbty. The man whom wtnesses say s Tmothy
McVegh may not have been Tmothy McVegh at a.
".ee 5arey" Mc(eigh
As prevousy dscussed, McVegh, aong wth hs frends Andreas Strassmer, Mke
Forter, and Mchae Bresca attended partes n Herrngton, Kansas n the Summer
of '92. Catna Lawson was actuay good frends wth McVegh, and her roommate,
Lndsey |ohnson, dated Mchae Bresca. Lawson's accounts are we documented.
|302|
Yet cang card records obtaned by the Rocky Mountain News ndcate that each
ca charged to the card durng 1992 orgnated wthn western New York, where
McVegh was workng as a securty guard for Burns Internatona Securty. There
appears to be tte tme he coud have gone to Kansas to party wth teen-agers.
Dr. Pau Heath, the VA psychoogst who worked n the Murrah Budng and
survved the bast, spoke to an ndvdua named "McVegh" ate one Frday
afternoon, a week and a haf before the bombng. In an ntervew wth the author,
he descrbed n vvd deta hs encounter wth "McVegh" and two other men, one
of whom appears to be one of the eusve |ohn Doe 2s.
"I've narrowed ths to probaby a Frday |Apr 7|, at around three o'cock," recas
Heath. "A be rang n the outer offce of room 522. No one answered, so I went out
to the watng room.. A man came n wth two others to appy for a |ob. One other
was Amercan-Indan ookng, the other was Caucasan. A mae ndvdua was
standng there, and I ntroduced mysef as Dr. Heath, 'how can I hep you?' and ths
ndvdua sad 'my name s somethin%1 and I don't remember what hs frst name
was, but he tod me hs ast name was McVegh.
80
"So I sad 'can I hep you?' and he sad 'we, we're here ookng for work.' and I sad
'what knd of work are we ookng for?' He sad 1we are ookng for constructon
work.' And I sad, 'we Mr. Brmbaum, the genteman who s the |ob counseor for
the state |obs offce, s not here.' And ths ndvdua - I asked hm f I coud go
back and get the |ob openngs from the |ob counseor's desk - and he sad 'no,
that won't be necessary.' So I sad, 'we, I'm very famar wth the area, and I
coud gve you some |ob eads,' and I began to te hm about |ob eads, and began
to gve hm some names and some dfferent pro|ects, and I sad 'woud you ke me
to get you the phone book; I coud get you the state |obs offces.' He sad, 'no, that
won't be necessary.'
"And about somewhere aong n ths conversaton, the man who was sttng on the
east wa, drecty behnd the man who named hmsef as McVegh, came up behnd
the man, and sad 'can I use your phone?' I woud descrbe hm as vana, 5'7" or
5'9", md-30's. |Then| the thrd party who was n the offce, ooked drecty at me,
made eye contact wth me, and. I got the mpresson that ths ndvdua's
natonaty was Natve Amercan, or haf-Natve Amercan or haf-Mexcan Amercan
or a foregn natona. He was handsome - at one tme my mnd sad maybe he
was from South Amerca.
"I. contnued to tak to Mr. McVegh and I sad, 'Mr. McVegh, dd you take
anythng n hgh schoo that woud be benefca for me to know about so I coud
refer you to a dfferent type of |ob?' And he sad, 'we, probaby not.' And I sad,
'we, where dd you go to hgh schoo?' And he ether sad up north or New York.
And then I sad, 'Where are you vng?' And he sad, 'We, I've been vng n
Kansas.' So then I sad, 'Do you happen to be a member of the McVay famy from
Cussng, Okahoma?' .he sad, 'We Dr. Heath, how do they spe ther name?'
'We I assume, M-c-V-a-y.' And he took hs fnger, and he knd of put t n my face
and sad, 'We Dr. Heath,' n knd of a bosterous way, 'Dr. Heath, you remember
ths. My name s McVegh, but you don't spe t M-c-V-a-y..'"
|303|
What Dr. Heath was descrbng appears to have been Tmothy McVegh and hs co-
consprators casng the Murrah Budng. As the press reported, the men went foor-
to-foor, askng |ob-reated questons and pckng up appcatons. Yet f McVegh
had aready cased the budng on December 16, as reported by Danee Hunt, why
woud he need to case t agan?
Moreover, f McVegh wanted to case the budng, why woud he do t n such a
conspcuous manner? Why woud he go from foor-to-foor askng about |ob
openngs, then pretend not to be nterested n foowng them up? And. f McVegh
was pannng on commttng such a horrfc crme, why woud he make t a pont to
te peope hs name, sayng to Dr. Heath, "You remember ths. My name is
McVei%h0.
Former Federa Grand |uror Hoppy Hedeberg concurs. "Why woud McVegh wak
around the budng before the bast teng peope hs name?"
|304|
If McVegh was keen on nformng peope of hs dentty before commttng the
crme, he apparenty was on a ro. On Saturday, Apr 8, McVegh and frends
Andreas Strassmer and Mchae Bresca - both vng at Eohm Cty at the tme -
were seen at Lady Godva's topess bar n Tusa, Okahoma. Accordng to a securty
camera vdeotape obtaned by |.D. Cash of the Mc!urtain ,a-ette, and Trsh Wood
of CBC, McVegh's boasts were the topc of dscusson among the dancers that
81
nght. In the tape, one of the grs named Tara s overheard reatng the
conversaton to another gr n the dressng room:
"...he goes, 'I'm a very smart man.' I sad, you are? And he goes, 'Yes, you're gong
to fnd an (naudbe) and they're gong to hurt you rea bad.' I was, ke, 'Oh
reay?' And he goes, 'Yes, and you're gong to remember me on Apr 19, 1995.
You're gong to remember me for the rest of your fe.'
Laughng, she repes, "Oh, reay?"
"Yes you w," McVegh says.
|305|
The sghtng of McVegh n Tusa on Apr 8, aong wth an oder, pae yeow Ryder
truck that appeared to be prvatey-owned, drecty contradcts the testmony of
the mad at the Impera Mote who says McVegh was there each day.
However, phone records ndcate that McVegh made a steady seres of cas up
unt Apr 7, whch suddeny resumed agan on the 11th. Coud McVegh have fown
to Okahoma to pck up the od Ryder truck, then have fown back to Kngman
severa days ater? As |.D. Cash notes n the September 25, 1996 Mc!urtain
,a-ette7
It s not merey de specuaton that McVegh few to eastern Okahoma or western
Arkansas to pck up the second truck. Records subpoenaed by the government
ndcate McVegh may have made such a trp to Fort Smth, Ark., between March
31 and Apr 14, 1995. Curousy, an empoyee of the arport tax servce n Fort
Smth coud not eaborate on why the tax frm's records for that perod were
sezed by federa agents workng on what the government cas the "OKBOMB"
case.
If McVegh actuay dd fy from Arzona to Arkansas, then drve the truck to Kansas,
then fy back to Arzona agan, he apparenty was a very busy man. Wtness
accounts and phone records put hm n Okahoma Cty on the 7th, n Tusa on the
8th, n Kansas from the 10th to the 14th (athough he's supposed to be n Kngman
on the 11th and 12th), then back n Okahoma Cty on the 14th, 15th and 16th
(when he's supposedy n Kansas) then n Kansas on the 17th and 18th (when he's
aso seen n Okahoma Cty), and fnay n Okahoma Cty on the 19th, the day of
the bombng.
Whe McVegh was supposedy seen at Terry Nchos' house n Herrngton, Kansas
on the 13th, wtness Davd Snder saw hs car n Okahoma Cty. A Brcktown
warehouse worker, Snder remembers seeng McVegh's dstnctve yeow Mercury
whz past around 2:30 p.m., not far from downtown. Snder s certan t was the
same battered yeow Mercury drven by McVegh. "I was standng there wth my
frend, who does auto bodywork," sad Snder, "when the car went past. I turned to
hm and sad, 'My Mom used to have a car |ust ke that. It ooks ke homeboy
needs a prmer |ob.'" Snder sad the car had an Okahoma tag, as wtness Gary
Lews ater reported, not an Arzona tag as the FBI cams.
On Thursday, Apr 13, a federa empoyee n the Murrah Budng saw two men,
one of whom she ater dentfed as McVegh. She was rdng the eevator when t
stopped at the second foor. When the doors opened, there were two men n
|antora smocks watng to get on. She ddn't recognze the men as any of the
reguar |antors, and thought t odd that they turned away when she ooked n ther
drecton.
82
On Monday, Apr 17, |antors Katherne Woody and Martn |ohnson, who were
workng the 5-9 p.m. shft, saw McVegh and hs companon agan. Martn sad
McVegh spoke to hm about a |ob, and the man who resembed |ohn Doe 2 nodded
to Woody.
|306|
That same day, or possby the foowng day, Debbe Nakanash, an empoyee at
the Post Offce across from the Murrah Budng, saw the par when they stopped
by and asked where they mght fnd federa |ob appcatons. It was Nakanash who
provded the descrpton for the we-known profe sketch of |ohn Doe 2 n the
baseba cap.
Crag Freeman, a retred Ar Force master sergeant who works n the same offce
as Dr. Heath, was one of the peope who saw McVegh n Okahoma when he was
supposedy n Kansas. Freeman recas sharng the eevator wth a man who
resembed McVegh on Frday, Apr 14. "The guy was ta. What struck me s hs
har was cut rea ow. I thought he was a sknhead." Freeman, who s back, sad
'Hey man, how's t gong?' "And he ooked at me ke he was |ust dsgusted wth me
beng there. Most peope n the budng speak to each other, you know, so I spoke
to ths guy, and he ooked at me ke. pure hate."
About a week and a haf before the bombng, a HUD empoyee named |oan was
rdng the eevator wth a man she descrbed as Tmothy McVegh. What struck her
was the man's strct mtary demeanor. He stared straght ahead makng no eye-
contact or conversaton. "He won't ast ong n ths budng," |oan thought to
hersef.
|307|
The Frday before the bombng, when Crag Freeman waked out of the budng to
ma hs taxes, he saw an ndvdua he beeves to have been Terry Nchos,
"because he ooked |ust ke the pcture of hm," sad Freeman. "He was standng
there, he had a bue pad shrt on. He was standng n the front of the budng -
he was |ust standng there, ookng knd of confused. You know, how somebody
ooks when they're nervous."
Was the man n the eevator Freeman was descrbng actuay Tmothy McVegh?
Accordng to phone records obtaned from the Dreamand Mote, McVegh made
severa phone cas from hs room on the mornng of Frday, Apr 14. Is t st
possbe that McVegh drove down to Okahoma Cty n the afternoon?
If he dd, he woud had to have been back n Kansas by eary next mornng.
Barbara Whttenberg, owner of the Santa Fe Tra Dner n Herrngton, remembers
servng breakfast to Nchos, McVegh, and |ohn Doe 2 around 6:00 a.m. on
Saturday.
"I asked them why they had a Ryder truck outsde," sad Whttenberg. "I wasn't
beng nosy, I |ust wondered f Terry Nchos was movng. My sster was movng
here, and she needed to fnd a pace. We, the guy who they haven't arrested yet
- |ohn Doe #2 - he burted out that they were gong to Okahoma. When that
happened, t was ke someone threw ce water on the conversaton. McVegh and
Nchos |ust stared at the guy"
|308|
A dancer n |uncton Cty, Kansas had the same experence as Whttenberg, when
four of the suspects stopped by the Hoywood Supper Cub around 10:30 that
evenng. The dancer, who we' ca Sherre, defntey recognzed two of the men
as McVegh and Nchos.
83
"The ony reason I reay remember t," sad Sherre, "s |ust because I had a
conversaton wth one of them about Okahoma, and my husband's famy s from
Okahoma. He sad they were panng a trp down there, and he sad - I thnk t
was for huntng or somethng.. then one of them knd of gave hm a ook, and
they changed the sub|ect.."
Sherre aso sad one of the men, who was quet and sat n the corner, appeared to
be Mdde-Eastern. The other was Hspanc or part Hspanc, and was frendy.
When he mentoned Okahoma, Nchos shot hm a hard ook.
|309|
Addtonay, whe the records at Eott's Body Shop ndcate that "Bob Kng"
rented hs truck on Apr 17, Barbara Whttenberg saw the truck outsde her
restaurant on the 15th. Later that day she saw t at Geary State Fshng Lake,
aong wth three peope and a ght-coored car, possby a Thunderbrd, wth
Arzona tags.
|310|
Backng up Whttenberg s Lee McGowan, owner of the Dreamand Mote n |uncton
Cty, where McVegh stayed from Apr 14 to Apr 17. McGowan tod the FBI that
McVegh was n possesson of hs truck the day +efore "Kng" aegedy rented hs.
She remembered the day ceary because t was Easter Sunday.
McGowan's son, Erc, as we as mote resdent Davd Kng and hs mother, aso
stated that they saw McVegh drvng an oder faded yeow Ryder truck at the
mote around 4 p.m. on Apr 16.
|311|
Yet McGowan's testmony contradcts that of Physs Kngsey and Lnda Kuhman,
who worked at the H-Way Gr n Newcaste, |ust south of Okahoma Cty. The two
women saw McVegh and three companons around 6:00 p.m. on Apr 16, when
they stopped n the restaurant and ordered hamburgers and fres to go. The two
women dstncty reca the Ryder truck pung nto the restaurant at SW 104th and
Portand, accompaned by a whte Chevy ong-bed pck-up, and an oder, darker,
possby bue pck-up, whch may have beonged to Terry Nchos. Accompanyng
McVegh was a short, stocky, handsome man, of ether Mexcan or Amercan Indan
descent. The man cosey resembed the FBI sketch of |ohn Doe 2, they sad.
|312|
Accordng to the FBI, ths was the same day that McVegh caed Nchos from a pay
phone at Tm's Amoco n Herrngton, Kansas at 3:08 p.m., and asked hm to drve
hm to Okahoma Cty. It woud have been mpossbe for McVegh and Nchos to
drve from |uncton Cty to Okahoma Cty n ess than four hours.
Reports soon surfaced that "McVegh" had stayed at a mote south of downtown
Okahoma Cty on the nght of the 18th. Wtnesses reca seeng a yeow Ryder
truck, and two companons. They reca that "McVegh" gave them a "go to he
ook" as he pued away.
Later that mornng, at 8:35 a.m., Tusa banker Kye Hunt was drvng to an
appontment when he came upon the Ryder truck at Man and Broadway, traed by
a yeow Mercury. ".for some reason I thought they were out of state, movng and
ost n downtown Okahoma Cty," sad Hunt. "I fet sorry for them and then when I
pued up besde them, I got that cod cy stare from a guy that had a rea short GI
harcut.."
|313|
Hunt descrbed the drver of the Mercury as Tmothy McVegh. "He gave me that
cy, go-to-he ook," sad Hunt. "It knd of unnerved me." Whe Hunt ddn't see the
occupants of the truck, he dd reca two passengers n the Mercury. The rear
84
occupant, sad Hunt, had ong har, smar to the suspect Physs Kngsey and
Lnda Kuhman saw on Sunday at the H-Way Gr south of the cty.
Around the same tme as Hunt saw ths convoy, Davd Snder, a warehouse worker
n Brcktown, a few bocks southeast of downtown, saw a heavy oaded Ryder
truck wth two men nsde, sowy makng ts way towards hm. Snder had been
expectng a devery that mornng, and expaned that peope sometmes get ost
because the oadng dock s on a dfferent street than the warehouse. The tme
was 8:35 a.m. Thnkng the truck was hs devery, Snder waved them down.
Snder, who by now was gestcuatng wdy, became frustrated as the two men,
starng at hm, contnued on ther way.
Whe he never receved hs devery, Snder dd get a good ook at the truck, and
the two men. The truck appeared to be an oder mode wth a cab overhang, not
the newer verson the FBI camed was destroyed n the bombng.
Snder descrbed the drver as a barre-chested, dark-sknned mae wth ong,
straght back har, parted n the mdde, wearng a thn sma mustache. The man,
who was aso wearng tear-drop stye sungasses and a dark shrt, was of Amercan
Indan or Hspanc decent. (See sketch) "I ved n New Mexco for years," sad
Snder; "I know the ook." The passenger, wearng a whte T-shrt, Snder sad, was
Tmothy McVegh.
"He ooked at me ke 'who the he are you?' - rea atttude," recas Snder, and
began yeng profantes at the oadng-dock worker. Snder, who was not n a
great mood that mornng to begn wth, yeed back, "Fuck you, you skn-head
motherfucker!"
Snder and Hunt weren't the ony ndvduas who saw McVegh and the Ryder truck
that mornng. At 8:40 a.m., Mke Moroz and Bran Marsha were busy at work at
|ohnny's Tre Store on 10th and Hudson, when a yeow Ryder truck pued n
ookng for drectons to the Murrah Budng. The drver, who Moroz ater dentfed
as Tmothy McVegh, was wearng a whte T-shrt and a back ba cap on
backwards. Moroz caught a gmpse of the passenger - a stocky man wth dark
cury har, a tattoo on hs upper eft arm, and a ba cap worn smar to McVegh's.
The passenger, sad Moroz, stared straght ahead, never turnng to ook n hs
drecton.
|314|
Moroz then proceeded to gve drectons to McVegh, whom he descrbed as pote,
frendy, and reaxed - qute nterestng consderng that McVegh s supposedy
mnutes away from murderng 169 peope. After thankng Moroz, McVegh got back
n the truck, sat there for a few mnutes, then took off n the drecton of the
Federa Budng.
At approxmatey the same tme as McVegh was seen drvng the Mercury by Kye
Hunt, and seen as a passenger n the Ryder truck by Davd Snder, and seen
drvng the Ryder truck by Mke Moroz, he was then seen drvng the Mercury by
attorney |ames Lnehan.
As prevousy dscussed, Lnehan, a Mdwest Cty attorney, was stopped at a red
ght at the northwest corner of 4th and Robnson, one bock from the Murrah
Budng. Late for an appontment, Lnehan ooked at hs watch. It read 8:38 a.m.
When he ooked back up, he notced a pae yeow Mercury stopped besde hm.
Whe he coud not postvey I.D. the drver, he descrbed hm as havng sharp,
ponted features, and smooth pae skn.
85
A second ater, the Mercury drver gunned hs engne, ran the red ght, and
dsappeared nto the underground parkng garage of the Murrah Budng.
Is t possbe these wtnesses are descrbng are two dfferent peope? In Snder's
account, the drver s an Amercan Indan or Hspanc man wth ong, straght back
har, wearng sungasses. The passenger s McVegh. Nether one s wearng a ba
cap. The tme s 8:35 a.m. In Moroz's account, the drver s McVegh, whe the
passenger s a stocky man wth short cury har. Both men are wearng ba caps on
backwards. The tme s 8:40 a.m.
Snder and Moroz both saw a Ryder truck contanng Tmothy McVegh, yet wth
competey dfferent companons. Whe Snder was yeng at McVegh n the Ryder
truck n Brcktown, Hunt was watchng the truck beng traed by McVegh n the
Mercury severa bocks away. A few mnutes ater, Lnehan watched as the Mercury
drove nto the Murrah Budng garage.
Moreover, each wtness saw these convoys at approxmatey the same tme. It s
possbe that the heavy oaded truck seen by Snder coud have made t from 25
East Caforna n Brcktown to 10th and Hudson n fve mnutes. But n order to do
so, they woud have had to drop off one man, pck up another, exchange paces n
the truck, and put on ba caps. Then they woud have to drve a dstance of
approxmatey 25 bocks - durng mornng rush hour traffc. Possbe, but not too
key.
Is t possbe one of these wtnesses has hs story wrong? We, f he does, he has t
really wrong. How coud an apparenty credbe wtnesses mstake a short-cury-
hared man wth a back ba cap for a ong-straght-hared man wth tear-drop
sungasses? One who s ceary the passenger, the other who s ceary the drver?
In numerous ntervews wth the author and other |ournasts, Snder went nto
great deta about hs encounter, and never wavered.
In a taped ntervew wth Mke Moroz, he struck me as a sncere, sober, young
man. Both Lnehan and Hunt are sod, professona peope. It s not key that
these wtnesses are reayng naccurate nformaton.
"Ther stores reay seem to check out," sad vdeo producer Chuck Aen, who
ntervewed many wtnesses. "They go nto great depth and deta about a ths. If
you ever meet these guys, you' know ther stores are very strong - very
beevabe."
|315|
Researchers have aso questoned why McVegh, who had supposedy been to the
Murrah Budng at east three tmes - once on December 16, agan a week and a
haf before the bombng, then agan on Apr 14 - woud need to ask drectons to
t when he was ony sx bocks away. But accordng to Moroz, who has heped more
than a few ost traveers, the number of one-way streets n the downtown area
often confuses peope. "A ot of peope get ost down here, even peope who ve
here, he sad"
|316|
Fnay, HUD empoyee Germane |ohnston was wakng through an aey
approxmatey two bocks from the Murrah Budng about 15 mnutes after the
bast, when she ran nto McVegh and another man. "They were |ust standng there
watchng," sad |ohnston.
McVegh then asked the dazed passerby "Was anyone ked?" When |ohnston
answered that numerous peope had been ked, ncudng many chdren,
86
McVegh's expresson suddeny turned sad. He and hs companon then got up and
eft.
|317||318|
Mke Moroz was eventuay caed n to dentfy McVegh n a photo ne-up. Yet he
was never caed to testfy before the Federa Grand |ury. Snder was ntay
ntervewed by two FBI agents, ncudng Wedon Kennedy and Rob Rcks |of Waco
fame|, but was never brought n to a ne-up or caed to testfy before the Federa
Grand |ury.
Consderng he had cose and sustaned contact wth "McVegh" and severa of hs
assocates, Dr. Heath shoud have been a key prosecuton wtness. Yet the FBI
never caed Dr. Heath n to dentfy McVegh n a ne-up. Nor was Dr. Heath ever
caed before the Federa Grand |ury. Nor was Freeman ever caed n to see a ne-
up, or before the grand |ury. Lnehan, Hunt, |ohnston, and numerous other
wtnesses were kewse never caed.
On May 10, the 3os An%eles Times reported, "Investgators sad authortes
theorze that |ohn Doe 2 coud be two peope, and that McVegh and hs aeged
consprators coud have used dfferent men to accompany hm n order to serve as
'decoys' and confuse nvestgators tryng to trace hs movements."
|319|
The 3os An%eles Times report, whch woud tend to account for the two dfferent
trucks, ony gves haf the story. What they aren't sayng s that not ony were
there at east two |ohn Doe 2s - there apparenty were two "Tmothy McVeghs."
One was probaby a doube.
The use of doubes n esponage work s not new. In fact, the use of mpostors,
ook-akes and doubes was we-documented n the |FK and Martn Luther Kng
assassnatons.
Lke the "Lee Harvey Oswad" who was seen fng out numerous |ob appcatons n
New Oreans, "McVegh" was seen gong foor-to-foor n the Federa Budng n
Okahoma. Except that the "Oswad" who fed out |ob appcatons sted hs heght
as 5' 9", whe the rea Oswad's heght was 5' 11."
Accordng to empoyees at Eott's Body Shop n |uncton Cty, the "McVegh" (aas
"Kng") who rented the truck on Apr 17 was of medum bud, 5' 10" to 5' 11" and
weghed 180-185 pounds. Eott's empoyee Tom Kessnger stated on hs FBI FD-
383 report that the man had a "rough" compexon wth "acne."
|320|
(See Appendx)
The ony probem s, Tmothy McVegh s 6' 2," weghs 160 pounds, and has a
totay cear compexon. Another shop empoyee, Vck Beemer, sad the man had
a deformed chn, unke the rea McVegh.
|321|
Nevertheess, federa prosecutors woud cam that a "tte curcue" on the "K" n
"Kng's" sgnature was ndcatve of McVegh's handwrtng. Yet f McVegh was the
same person who rented the truck at Eott's on the 17th, why ddn't he aso use
an aas whe sgnng the mote regster? Whe the "McVegh" who rented the
truck sted hs name as "Bob Kng," 428 Mat Drve, Redfed, SD, the "McVegh"
who checked nto the Dreamand, rght down the street, sgned hs name as "Tm
McVegh," and sted hs address as 3616 North Van Dyke Road, Decker, Mchgan,
the home of |ames Nchos.
|322|
If McVegh was pannng on commttng such a henous crme, certany he woud
not eave such a batanty ncrmnatng tra of evdence. Ths makes about as
much sense as McVegh gong from foor-to-foor n the Murrah Budng fng out
87
|ob appcatons and announcng hs name. Or teng a dancer n Tusa, "You're
gong to remember me on Apr 19th."
These preposterous scenes were practcay dentca to those of a-tme patsy Lee
Harvey Oswad. In eary November of 1963, a "Lee Harvey Oswad" apped for a
|ob as a parkng ot attendant at the Southand Hote. Durng hs ntervew wth the
manager, he asked f there was a good vew of downtown Daas from the hote.
|323|
On |anuary 20, 1961, two men, one representng hmsef as "Lee Harvey Oswad,"
waked nto the Boton Ford deaershp n New Oreans and requested a bd for 10
pck-up trucks, ostensby for the Frends of Democratc Cuba Commttee. The ony
probem was, Lee Harvey Oswad was n Russa at the tme.
|324|
Then n September of 1963, a man purportng to be "Lee Harvey Oswad" showed
up at the Mexcan Consuate n New Oreans. Accordng to Mrs. Fenea Farrngton,
"Oswad" sad, "What do you have to do to take frearms or a gun nto Mexco?"
A "Lee Harvey Oswad" subsequenty phoned, then showed up at the Sovet
embassy n Mexco Cty, speakng wth a trade consutant who was aegedy a
member of the KGB's "qud affars" bureau (ht squad). The CIA ater turned over
to the Warren Commsson a surveance snapshot of a man they camed was
Oswad at the Sovet embassy. The man ooked nothng ke Oswad.
On Apr 17, 1995, a "Bob Kng" showed up at Eott's Body Shop n |uncton Cty,
Kansas and rented a Ryder truck. Yet accordng to surveance footage taken from
a nearby McDonads, McVegh was sttng n the restaurant eatng a hamburger at
the tme. He was wearng competey dfferent cothes than those ascrbed to
"Kng."
Yet the FBI contends that McVegh eft the restaurant 20 mnutes before the truck
was rented, waked the 1.3 mes to Eott's - a ffteen-mnute wak - n a ght
ran, then showed up at Eott's nce and dry, wearng competey dfferent cothes.
In November of 1963, a "Lee Oswad" waked nto the downtown Lncon Mercury
deaershp n Daas announcng hs ntenton to buy a Mercury Comet. Accordng to
the saesman, Abert Bogard, "Mr. Oswad" took hm on a wd test drve, speedng
aong at 60 to 70 mes an hour. After he was tod the amount of the down
payment, another saesman, Eugene Wson, heard "Oswad" say, "Maybe I'm gong
to have to go back to Russa to buy a car."
Durng the Warren Commsson hearngs, saesman Frank Pzzo descrbed the
customer as 5' 8" ta. When the Warren Commsson showed Pzzo a photo of
Oswad taken after hs arrest, he sad, "I have to say that he s not the one."
|325|
After the bombng n Okahoma Cty, ATF nformant Caro Howe tod the FBI that
she recognzed the two men on the FBI's orgna wanted posters as Peter Ward
and Mchae Bresca - two Eohm Cty resdents. She sad that nether man was
Tm McVegh.
|326|
In eary November of 1963, Mrs. Love Penn of Daas found three men frng a rfe
on her property. After they eft, she found a spent cartrdge bearng the name
"Manncher-Carcanno," the rfe that the Warren Commsson camed Oswad used
to perform hs hstorc feat of marksmanshp n Deay Paza.
As Dstrct Attorney |m Garrson ater noted, "These scenes were about as subte
as roaches tryng to sneak across a whte rug."
No ess subte were the scenes and events eadng up to the Okahoma Cty
bombng. It s hghy possbe that the man Dr. Heath saw n the Murrah Budng a
88
week and-a-haf before the bombng was not Tmothy McVegh at a, but a doube.
The scenaro of Tmothy McVegh - the aeged "one nut" bomber - gong from
foor-to-foor n the target budng announcng hs name whe eavng a paper tra
s beyond creduty.
Lke Oswad, who repeatedy teephoned, then appeared at the Sovet embassy n
Mexco, McVegh woud teephone Eohm Cty - a whte separatst compound -
|ust before the bombng, askng to speak to Andy Strassmer.
Lke Oswad, who eft behnd a dary of hs "Left-eanng" wrtngs, McVegh
purportedy eft ntentons of hs pans to bomb other targets n the gove
compartment of hs car - a car whch coud be easy recognzed and traced to
hm.
Lke Oswad who, after purportedy kng the presdent of the Unted States,
waked nto a move house wthout payng, purposey attractng the attenton of
the poce, McVegh woud speed down the hghway at 80 mes an hour wthout a
cense pate, purposefuy attractng the attenton of the Hghway Patro. He woud
then meeky hand hmsef over for arrest, not even attemptng to draw hs Gock
9mm psto on the approachng cop, whom he coud have easy shot and ked.
Lke the Manncher-Carcanno rfe whch Oswad purportedy bought from a ma-
order suppy house, and the Manncher-Carcanno cartrdge found by Mrs. Penn,
McVegh woud eave a busness card from Pausen's Mtary Surpus wth a
notaton to pck up more TNT n the poce cruser after hs arrest.
|327|
As |m Garrson noted, "Some of these scenes were so preposterous ony the most
gube coud swaow them."
Lke Oswad, who was ed out of the Daas Poce Department and mmedatey
shot by |ack Ruby, McVegh woud be ed out of the Nobe County Courthouse n a
brght orange |umpsut, wthout a buet-proof vest, paraded before an angry crowd
on the verge of voence.
Fnay, ke |ames Ear Ray, who was accused of kng Martn Luther Kng, |r., we
are eft ponderng the sgnfcance of two smar vehces, both apparenty ted to
the crme. Ray had owned a whte Ford Mustang, whch was seen speedng away
after the assassnaton. Yet another whte Mustang was seen parked n front of
|m's Gr n Memphs, near where Ray had hs car parked. The two cars were
amost dentca, except for two thngs: Whe Ray was wearng a sut on Apr 4,
1968, the drver of the other Mustang was wearng a dark bue wndbreaker; whe
Ray's car had Aabama pates, the other car had Arkansas pates.
|328|
One s remnded of the contradctory testmony of Davd Snder and Mke Moroz,
who saw two Ryder trucks on the mornng of Apr 19, but wth dfferent occupants.
Another nterestng parae s that whe McVegh's Mercury reportedy had Arzona
tags, a whte Okahoma tag was seen by Gary Lews dangng from one bot as the
car sped away from the scene.
In spte of the numerous dscrepances, t seemed that by a convenent strng of
assocatons, a carefuy paced tra of evdence, and a carefuy panned and
executed operaton, Tmothy McVegh was mpcated as prme suspect number
one n the pot to bow up the Afred P. Murrah Budng.
Lke Lee Harvey Oswad, who was decared the "one assassn" wthn weeks,
Tmothy McVegh woud be decared - aong wth Terry Nchos - the "one
bomber" wthn days. On the ndctments, the |ustce Department woud
89
gratutousy add, "wth others unknown." Yet these "others unknown" woud fade
from offca memory as the so-caed "|ustce" Department wthdrew the |ohn Doe
2 sketch and the subsequent reward offer.
After hs arrest, Lee Harvey Oswad announced to the teevson cameras, "I'm a
patsy!"
After his arrest, Tmothy McVegh tod the 3ondon Sunday Times he was "set up"
for the bombng by the FBI because of hs extreme potca vews.
|329|
Never snce the frame-up of Lee Harvey Oswad has the meda gone out of ts way
to portray a suspect as dangerous and magnant. Whe the manstream press
took ther cues from the FBI, they contradcted ther own |ournastc common
sense. The government and ther manstream meda ap dogs have based ther
theores of Tmothy McVegh upon the fmsest of pretenses, whe gnorng the
more obvous facts. The manstream press, wng to take the Federa
Government's word as gospe, has succumbed, and perpetrated, the most obvous
propaganda. In so dong, they have voated every prncpa of thorough and honest
|ournasm, and have become nothng but a wng too of the
corporate/ntegence estabshment.
As Stephen |ones sad, "Before ths nvestgaton s a over wth, the government
w have Tm McVegh standng next to Lee Harvey Oswad."
|330|
Yet unke Oswad, who was summary executed by mob-connected poce offcer
|ack Ruby, McVegh has quety and safey setted nto hs newfound
crcumstances. As the drama of hs tra(s) unfod n a day dspay of evdence and
wtnesses, Tmothy McVegh may truy beeve that |ustce w preva.
Next | Prevous | Contents | Text Verson
6
Terry -ichols: "-on-&esident /lien"
The mage of Tmothy McVegh - the stone-faced ker - woud fade n the wake
of court appearances and meda ntervews, as Stephen |ones sought to portray hs
smng and chdng cent as the smpe boy next door.
The engmatc fgure of Terry Nchos, however, woud haunt pubc percepton, as
hs attorney |eaousy guarded the mysterous, broodng fgure from pryng eyes.
It was the oder, quet, bespectaced Nchos, some theorzed, who was the "brans"
behnd the bombng, gudng hs young frend n the snster and deady pot.
Nchos' ex-wfe, Lana Pada, doesn't agree. "I beeve that Terry bought hs home,
brought hs famy there. truy, truy. wanted to have a famy and |ust get on
wth hs fe. I |ust don't thnk ths man coud have done ths. I |ust don't thnk wth
any knowedge he coud have done ths."
|331|
90
Neghbors Bob and Sandy Papovch, ong-tme frends, wrote the press that Terry
Nchos s a "knd, gente, generous man absoutey ncapabe of voence." As
Papovch tod the author, "I've known Terry for over 15 years, and I've never heard
ths man utter the word "he" or "damn".. Terry doesn't want to hurt anybody..
And a these peope want me to beeve that ths man s capabe of murderng
hundreds of nnocent peope. It an't possbe."
|332|
Terry Nchos tod Federa Pubc Defender Steve Gradert, "Heck, I've got kds, too,"
n response to the bombng.
|333|
A peacefu person, Nchos reportedy oved
chdren, ncudng hs son |osh, whom he mantaned a cose reatonshp wth. One
day, the astute thrteen-year-od tod hs mother he had to ca the FBI. He was
frantc. "I've got to te them!"
"What do you got to te them, Pada asked?"
"I've got to te them that my dad woudn't do that. He oves chdren. He woudn't
do that to those chdren."
|334|
Yet the press woud pant Terry Nchos wth the same broad brush that they had
used to pant Tmothy McVegh - focusng on the fact that Nchos came from a
broken home, had dropped out of coege, worked a seres of odd |obs, and was
ant-government. Lke McVegh, the meda, ant-mta actvsts, and scores of
pseudo-experts woud do ther best to cast Nchos n the same extremst mod - a
man, authortes camed - capabe of kng 169 nnocent peope
The thrd of four chdren, Terry Nchos grew up on a farm near Lapeer, Mchgan.
Hs father, Robert - quet and soft-spoken - abored hard on the famy's 160-acre
farm. Lke hs son, he aso worked a seres of odd |obs, dong constructon, seng
encycopedas, and puttng n shfts at the Pontac and Buck pants, n an effort to
keep the famy afoat n a county where farmng had become ess and ess
prosperous.
Hs mother |oyce was a sharp contrast. Hard-drnkng, often voent wth exposve
fts of temper, she had once rammed Robert's tractor wth her car, and had
threatened the oca sherff wth a chan-saw. After 24 years of dffcut marrage,
the coupe fnay dvorced. Pada sad Terry took t hard.
|335|
Nchos dreamed of gong to medca schoo but hs grades weren't good enough
for most pre-med programs. He enroed at Centra Mchgan Unversty, but after
hs parents' dvorce n 1974, he dropped out at the request of hs mother, who
needed hep on the famy farm n Decker. However, Nchos tod frends he woud
never be a farmer.
|336|
Yet, ke McVegh, Nchos was an ntegent man. He passed a dffcut test for a
securtes cense wth a mnmum of study and preparaton, but tod frends he was
bored wth coege, whch he found no more chaengng than hgh-schoo.
91
Whe n Decker, Nchos met hs frst wfe, Lana Pada, and they marred n 1981.
Two years ater, they had a baby boy, |oshua. Shorty thereafter, Pada's sster
Ke marred Terry's brother |ames, and the four ved together at |ames's Decker,
Mchgan farmhouse.
Not satsfed wth farm fe, Nchos tred a number of dfferent occupatons. He
deved nto penny stocks, went on to se nsurance and rea estate, managed a
gran eevator, and worked occasonay as a carpenter. Nothng hed hs nterest.
"No matter what he tred to do, every tme he tred to break away, he ended up
back on the farm tryng to hep hs mother and |ames," sad Pada.
|337|
Whe Pada devoted tme to budng her rea estate career, Nchos cooked,
ceaned house, and cared for the kds. Yet he grew ncreasngy restess and
depressed.
"Terry got rea down on fe," sad hs father. "He ddn't care what he had done..
He ost hs vtaty."
|338|
One afternoon Pada brought home pamphets from the oca Army recrutng
offce, and ad them out on the tabe. When she came back, the pamphets were
gone. Lke many men uncertan about ther future, Nchos decded to try a career
n the mtary.
"He was |ust searchng for a career, somethng he en|oyed," Nchos' frend Sandy
Papovch tod the "allas Mornin% News. "He thought he woud ke t."
|339|
It was an unusua career move for a 32-year-od man wth chdren. Yet Nchos
hoped he woud be abe to rse qucky through the ranks, and Pada thought the
experence woud strengthen Terry and save ther marrage.
On May 24, 1988, Nchos was assgned to Fort Bennng, Georga for basc tranng.
"He sad the government had made t mpossbe for hm to make a vng as a
farmer," recaed assstant patoon eader Gen "Tex" Edwards. He hated the Unted
States government. I thought t strange that a 32-year-od man woud be
companng about the government, yet was now empoyed by the government.
Nchos tod me he sgned up to pu hs 20 years and get a retrement penson."
|340|
Because of hs age and maturty, Nchos was qucky made patoon eader. The
obvous dscrepancy n years earned hm the nckname "Od Man."
"The dr sergeant sad that because Nchos was oder than the rest of us, he
woud hopefuy be more mature and abe to ead the younger guys n the unt. He
aso had some coege background and came nto the Army as a PFC," sad
Edwards.
|341|
92
It was at Fort Bennng that Nchos woud meet Tmothy McVegh. The two men had
ensted on the same day. Accordng to an account n the )ost7
Wam "Dave" Dy, who was McVegh's roommate for about a year n the servce,
sad McVegh and Nchos "ht t off from the start, ke Terry was hs bg brother.
Tm was rea fra and unsure of hmsef. Terry was the odest guy and rea sure of
hmsef."
But the two men found they had a ot n common. McVegh too came from a
broken, bue-coar home and had an abdng nterest n frearms and far-rght
potcs. Both men fanced themseves as survvasts, and both oved to spend tme
on the rfe range. Both were ookng for fetme careers n the servce. They
qucky became frends.
|342|
Another one of ther frends was Mchae Forter, who |oned Nchos and McVegh at
Fort Rey. The three woud spend free tme together, gong fshng, shootng, and
sharng ther potca beefs.
Yet whe McVegh woud rse qucky through the ranks, Nchos' Army career
staed. It seemed hs patoon eadershp status had been rescnded due to a prank
he and McVegh had pued.
Around the same tme, Pada fed for dvorce, and made pans to move her rea
estate busness to Las Vegas. On May 15, 1989, after 11 months n the servce,
Nchos put n for a hardshp dscharge due to a "famy emergency" that was never
pubcy expaned. Yet t apparenty had nothng to do wth hs dvorce. He tod
Pada t was to take care of hs son |osh. As Pada ater wrote, Nchos aready
had |osh wth hm at Fort Rey, where the par ved n a house off-base. As Pada
wrote n her book, $y $lood $etrayed7
I've aways wondered |ust why he was reeased, ess than a year after enstng,
and have aways been tod t was because he had to take care of |osh. But ths
theory never washed wth me because he'd had |osh wth hm a aong. I reay
beeve that |osh was |ust a convenent excuse and that Terry had become
dsusoned wth the Army because he beeved he woud never rse through the
ranks.
|343|
Perhaps Nchos' "hardshp dscharge" was smar to Lee Harvey Oswad's
"hardshp dscharge" from the Marnes that never was expaned. And that of
Thomas Martnez, the FBI nftrator nto the Sent Brotherhood (The Order), who
was gven an honorabe dscharge durng basc tranng, whch was never
expaned.
|344|
Even more nterestng s the parae to McVegh's dscharge after "fang" hs
Speca Forces try-out n Apr of 1991. McVegh's sudden and mysterous departure
from the Army, ke Nchos', was never fuy expaned. As suggested prevousy,
93
McVegh's sudden decson eave a brant mtary career behnd may have
resuted from hs beng "sheep-dpped" as an ntegence operatve.
Yet manstream meda psycho|ournasts nssted that Nchos' departure from the
Army was nothng more than the nevtabe resut of a consstent strng of fe-ong
faures.
Gen "Tex" Edwards put a sghty dfferent spn on the matter. Edwards sad that
shorty before he eft the Army, Nchos nvted hm to be part of a "prvate army"
he sad he was creatng. "He tod me he woud be comng back to Fort Rey to
start hs own mtary organzaton," recaed Edwards. "He sad he coud get any
knd of weapon and any equpment he wanted."
Nchos aso sad he ntended to recrut McVegh, Forter, and others. "I can't
remember the name of hs organzaton, but he seemed pretty serous about t,"
Edwards sad, addng that he reported Nchos' offer to the FBI shorty after the
bombng.
In spte of the famboyant taes about recrutng a prvate army, Nchos returned to
hs od fe n Mchgan, workng for a tme as a carpenter, then movng back to the
farmhouse n Decker. In spte of hs short career n the Army, or perhaps because
of t, Nchos deveoped a deep dstrust of the Federa Government.
It was a feeng that was shared by hs brother |ames, who, as a farmer, had
suffered through the worst of the foods of the ate '70s and eary '80s, and bamed
the Federa Government for fang to provde adequate dsaster reef. Nchos,
aong wth hs Sanac country neghbors, wtnessed dozens of farm forecosures as
a resut. It was the Federa Government's poces that ed to the rse of such far-
Rght groups as the Amercan Agrcutura Movement and the ant-tax Posse
Comtatus. As the )ost wrtes:
Many resdents around Decker sad they share Terry and |ames's angry potcs,
but are ess voca because they fear government retrbuton. "Much of what the
Nchos brothers beeve s not that dfferent or radca from what ots of peope
around here thnk," sad oca truck drver |ack Bean. "We fee our bertes and
freedoms are beng chpped away at and we want a ths authorty off our backs.
The dfference between the Nchos and others n ths communty s that they are
|ust not afrad to say what they thnk, to chaenge what s wrong."
|345|
In spte of ther dfferences, Terry and |ames had a ot n common. Both were
fathers, had marred ssters, and had suffered through dffcut dvorces. Both
shared an deoogca dstrust of the Federa Government.
|ames studed the Consttuton, Back's Law Dctonary and the Unform
Commerca Codes. He read the works of |efferson and Pane and was partcuary
nspred by |efferson's maxm, "The tree of berty must be refreshed from tme to
tme wth the bood of patrots and tyrants." Perhaps not concdentay, ths
94
passage was dscovered n McVegh's car upon hs arrest. It woud ater be read
nto evdence at hs tra.
Both Terry and |ames aso hed a vew shared by many beeaguered farmers: that
the Federa Reserve was not empowered to con money, and that U.S. currency
prnted after 1930, when the naton went nto debt, was vaueess. Foowng the
advce of fnanca books that warned of an mmnent crash, the brothers put ther
money nto precous metas such as sver and god.
Yet ther actvtes took st more dramatc turns. In 1990 |ames tred to renounce
hs ctzenshp, and pastered hs car wth ant-government and Second
Amendment bumper stckers.
Terry purchased a pck-up truck and decded not to regster t, nstead, makng hs
own tag and pacng t on front. Both men renounced ther drver's censes.
In March of 1994, Terry sent a dramatc affdavt to the Evergreen Townshp
camng hmsef to be a "Non-Resdent Aen" prvate ctzen not bound by the aws
of the U.S. government. (See Appendx) He aso renounced hs votng rghts due to
".tota corrupton n the entre potca system from the oca government on up
through and ncudng the presdent of the Unted States of Amerca, George
Bush."
|346|
Whe he may have been rght n prncpe, hs actvty was not condoned by the
oca authortes. In 1992, Chase Manhattan Bank went after Nchos for rackng up
$17,860 n unpad credt card debts. The argey out-of-work farmer had spent over
$35,000, usng Chase and Frst Depost Natona Bank cards, on farm equpment,
persona effects, and arne tckets.
He attempted to pay off the debts wth hs own "Certfed Fractona Reserve
Check," a bogus check dstrbuted wdey among farmers by a group caed Famy
Farm Preservaton. He sgned the check, "Expcty reservng a my rghts, Terry L.
Nchos." He then sent the bank a etter retroactvey revokng hs sgnature from
the credt card contract.
"There are two sdes to that man, maybe many more," sad Denns Red, a
Sandusky, Mch., awyer who has observed Nchos and hs brother, |ames, durng
court proceedngs n Mchgan. "|m to me I reay expect s knd of a sssy. He was
aways shakng when he'd go nto the courtroom and spout off," attorney Denns
Red sad. "Terry seemed to be more eve-headed. He was st sayng thngs that
were strange, but he was certany more cod and more cacuatng."
|347|
Terry defntey ddn't seem "eve-headed" when he went to court to answer the
awsut by Chase. He refused to come before the bench, shoutng to |udge Donad
Teepe from the back of the room that the court had no |ursdcton over hm.
Durng the hearng, the btter and sarcastc defendant accused the bank of fraud.
"They knowngy and wngy know how to make credt out of nothng and make
95
nterest on t and actuay stea peope's hard earned money," he tod the |udge.
"They gave me vaueess nothng for somethng they want to take from me that
has vaue. That's not rght, s t?"
He camed to have determned that the bank's busness was based upon "fraud
and msrepresentaton, couson, coor of aw, conspracy, entcement,
nducement, seducton, duress, coercon, mstake |and| bankruptcy," and he fed a
countercam aganst Frst Depost and ts attorneys for $50,000 or 14,200 ounces
of sver. Nchos charged the bank wth "menta and emotona damage, oss of
happness and the un|ust destroyng of credt hstory. by wanton acts when no
probabe cause exsted."
|348|
The |udge was not mpressed. He accused Nchos of payng wth words and
ordered hm to pay the debt. Nchos ddn't pay.
When FBI agents questoned Lana Pada after Nchos' arrest, they asked her a
curous queston: Dd Nchos ever dye hs har? The Bureau had been nvestgatng
a strng of bank robberes throughout the Mdwest. One of the robbers had dyed
hs har, and was Nchos heght and weght.
The group, known as the Mdwest Bank Bandts, had robbed over a quarter-of-a-
mon doars from more than 22 banks between |anuary, 1994 and December,
1995 n a spree that took them across sx states, ncudng Kansas. The bandts
were ted to a group of men who made ther temporary home at Eohm Cty, a far-
Rght regous compound n Southeastern Okahoma. McVegh and hs frend
Mchae Forter were known to have vsted the compound. Some of the men were
aso seen n Kansas wth the bombng defendants. (See Chapter 4)
If the FBI's queston came as a shock to Pada, she woud turn pae when she
opened her ex-husband's storage ocker on December 15, 1994, and dscovered
wgs, masks, and pantyhose. The Md-West Bank Bandts had worn masks.
Coud Nchos have been robbng banks? "Not the Terry I knew," sad Pada. "I was
|ust specuatng, but everythng that has come out about that sde of Terry was a
tota. maybe I |ust turned my face and never notced t, never wanted to notce t,
but. I never thought of hm. of course I never woud have thought of hm
seepng wth a gun under hm ether."
|349|
Yet consderng Nchos' hatred of banks and hs rayng cry aganst the monetary
system, t woud not be too far-fetched a scenaro. Such specuaton s bostered by
the fact that McVegh sent hs sster a etter n December of '93 nformng her that
he was part of a group that had been robbng banks. Athough he hmsef ddn't
admt to takng part n any of the robberes, he asked her to "aunder" three $100
bs that "they" had stoen.
McVegh returned to Decker, Mchgan n the Sprng of 1993 to see hs od Army
frend Nchos. |ust back from Waco, where he had wtnessed the carnage nfcted
96
upon the Branch Davdans, McVegh was nsted wth a new sense of urgency and
rage. At the Nchos farm, he woud fnd ke-mnded sous who shared hs
frustraton.
By the Fa of '93, McVegh was vng at the farmhouse, hepng wth the chores,
and reportedy urgng the Nchos brothers onto more mtant actvtes. The men
practced target shootng and settng off sma bombs on the property.
"You know how tte boys ke to pay wth thngs that bow up?" recaed |neghbor
Ph| Morawsk. "That was what they were ke. And everythng they mxed out
there n the cornfeds seemed to work."
The government woud focus heavy on ths actvty ater on.
Accordng to Mchgan Mta members, the Nchos brothers aso began attendng
meetngs, but the mta found ther rhetorc too strong. Mchgan Mta member
|ohn Smpson recaed: "Terry came to one of our meetngs and wanted to tak
about a tax revot, havng to have a drvers cense and emnatng the
government. We dd not beeve n hs tactcs - partcuary the stuff about a
revot."
|350|
|ames reportedy taked about the "necessty" of takng on poce
offcers, |udges and awyers. Apparenty, McVegh accompaned Nchos to some of
the meetngs.
Accordng to Time magazne, McVegh and the Nchos brothers went on to
organze ther own mta:
.the three men formed ther own ce of the "Patrots," a sef-styed paramtary
group that |ames Nchos had been affated wth snce 1992 when he began
attendng meetngs n a nearby town. The tro decded to recrut members and
estabsh other ces around the area, but determned that for securty reasons no
unt shoud grow arger than eght members.
|351|
If ths account s accurate, t woud tend to |ve wth what Nchos tod Army buddy
Gen "Tex" Edwards about "recrutng" hs own prvate army. Perhaps one of
Nchos' recruts was Crag O'Shea, who ved |ust off Hghway 77 n Herrngton. A
frend of Nchos who was kcked out of the servce, O'Shea used to work for
Barbara Whttenberg, who owns the Sante Fe Tra Dner n Herrngton.
Whttenberg descrbed O'Shea as a "demotons expert," and sad she saw hm
occasonay wth Nchos. "He's a very voent man," sad Whttenberg, who sad
O'Shea had once threatened to k her and her husband.
|352|
In March of '94, Nchos took a |ob at the Donahue ranch n Maron, Kansas.
Co-worker Tm Donahue recaed that Nchos worked ong hours, sometmes sx
days a week, wthout compant and appeared to en|oy hs |ob, whch he dd we.
Nchos woud grouse about taxes and the government consprng to seze peope's
97
frearms. One day when Nchos and Donahue were takng about the use of
fertzer n farmng, Nchos mentoned that he knew how to make a bomb.
|353|
Four months ater, n August of '94, Nchos gave Donahue 30 days notce. Hs
dream of settng up a prvate army metamorphoszed nto smpy suppyng that
army. He tod Donahue he was gong nto the army surpus busness wth a frend.
On September 30, that frend - Tmothy McVegh - showed up to hep hm pack.
It was durng ths perod that hs ex-wfe began pckng up strange sgnas from her
former husband.
Earer n the month, he had caed her from Kansas. "He was very upset," she sad.
"He was very emphatc. He taked about Waco and that shootng at the Whte
House (where a Coorado Sprngs man fred a gun toward the Whte House). He
sad, 'You know, that guy wasn't a wrong. There's gong to be some cv unrest n
ths country.'"
|354|
Durng one of hs frequent vsts to Pada's house n Las Vegas, Nchos dspayed
hs Gock .45. "I never knew hm to carry a gun," Pada tod the "ener )ost. "He
ked guns and coected them, but ths was new. He acted ke he was afrad for hs
fe. He sept wth t on."
|355|
Traveng the gun show crcut wth McVegh, Nchos was now a vrtua nomad,
vng out of hs pck-up. Hs few remanng possessons were stored n a ocker n
Las Vegas. He aso tod Pada that he was he was swtchng the benefcary of hs
fe nsurance pocy from her to hs new wfe, Marfe.
A 17-year-od Fpno ma-order brde, Marfe Torres met Nchos through Paradse
Sheton Tours, of Scottsdae, Arzona. The young woman ooked forward to eavng
her fe of poverty n Cebu Cty, Phppnes, where the unempoyment rate often
topped 40 percent. After a year of exchangng heartfet etters, they marred on
November 20, 1990 n a sma restaurant n Cebu Cty. Yet t took over four months
of bureaucratc hasses and red tape to arrange Marfe's entry nto the U.S.
"That one epsode soured Terry on government," hs father recaed. "He orgnay
tod me t woud take sx weeks for her to come here. but t was red tape, red
tape, red tape."
At frst the newyweds tred fe on the Decker farm, where |ason, Marfe's son by a
former boyfrend, was born on September 21, 1991. Yet Marfe found hersef
"workng ke a mad," cookng and ceanng for "three husbands," Terry, |ames,
and Tm, who often stayed at the house. She wrote her frend Vma Euenberg that
she thought the pace was haunted, and resented McVegh, who she thought was a
bad nfuence on her husband.
The coupe eventuay moved to warm, sunny Las Vegas, but Marfe mssed her
Phppne home. To accommodate hs new wfe, Nchos moved to Cebu Cty. But
98
the nose, heat and smog was too much for hm, and n md-1993, after barey a
month n the Phppnes, they moved back to the States, shuttng back and forth
between Mchgan and Nevada.
Ncoe, ther frst common chd, was born on August 1, 1993.
Two months ater, on November 22, tragedy struck, when 26-month-od |ason
accdentay suffocated to death n a pastc bag. Whe Marfe wondered f Terry
was capabe of kng a chd, Pada assured her he was not, then hnted darky n
her book that McVegh may have been responsbe for the death.

She negected to
menton the fact that McVegh and |ames had tred to revve the youngster for
neary haf-an-hour, then caed the paramedcs.
A month ater, the coupe moved to Las Vegas, where they rented a condomnum
for $550 a month. It was durng ths perod that Marfe began traveng to the
Phppnes to fnsh her physca therapy degree. Accordng to Pada, Terry aso
traveed to the Phppnes about four tmes a year over a four year perod. She
wrote that he sometmes traveed to Cebu Cty wthout takng Marfe, whom he
occasonay eft behnd.
"Sometmes he went when Marfe was n Kansas. It ddn't make sense, but I never
asked why."
|356|
Pada subsequenty tod me n |uy of 1996, "I have not known hm to eave her
here and |ust go to the Phppnes. If he made a trp by hmsef, t was because she
was aready there."
|357|
Whchever account s true, Nchos dd trave to Cebu Cty n ate November to
meet wth "potenta busness partners." Accordng to Pada, Nchos was makng
arrangements to brng back "butterfes."
"One tme he brought back butterfes - tte butterfes that they make over there
- he brought them back here to se."
|358|
Butterfes. Curous merchandse for a man tryng to set hmsef up n the mtary
surpus busness.
|359|*
Then on November 22, 1994 Nchos made a fna vst to the Phppnes to vst
Marfe. Hs partng words to |osh eft the 12-year od convnced he was never gong
to see hs dad agan. As he got nto the car wth Pada after droppng hs father off
at the arport, he started cryng.
"What's the matter?" Pada asked.
"I'm never gong to see my dad agan. I'm never gong to see my dad agan."
99
"Of course you w," Pada sad reassurngy. "He's gone to the Phppnes a ot of
tmes. You know he aways comes back."
"Ths tme s dfferent," he burted through bg tears.
|360|
Nchos caed hs ex-wfe from Los Angees severa hours ater. "Had a tte
exctement at the arport after you eft," he sad, aughng. He tod Pada that
arport securty had stopped hm for tryng to sneak a par of stun guns through the
meta detector. They caed the cop on duty who ran Nchos' name through the
computer. Athough he had severa outstandng traffc warrants, the poce et hm
contnue on hs way.
|ust why was Nchos attemptng to carry stun guns on an nternatona fght?
Accordng to Bob Papovch, Terry was afrad of the hgh crme rate n poverty-
strcken Cebu Cty. He aso sad that Nchos was afrad of Marfe's ex-boyfrend.
|ason, her son by ths man, had ded whe n Nchos' custody. The ex-boyfrend
had aegedy threatened to k hm shoud he return.
Yet Pada doesn't thnk the story s credbe. "I thnk t's somethng they dreamed
up," she sad. Yet upon hs return he tod Pada that he coud get "ked down
there" and he was never gong back.
|361|
Obvousy, somebody was out to hurt Terry Nchos, possby k hm. When he
departed for Cebu Cty, he eft a mysterous package for hs ex-wfe, sayng, "If I'm
not back n 60 days, open t and foow the nstructons." At frst, Pada dd as she
was tod. But her nstncts eventuay took over.
"I was uneasy about hs warnng, and |osh's, 'I' never see my dad agan' kept
echong n my bran."
|362|
Pada had secured the package n her offce safe. Now she spped quety nto the
conference room, opened the ock, and ad the mysterous brown paper bag on
the tabe. It stared omnousy back at her. As she rpped t open, neary a dozen
keys sd out onto the tabe. She ddn't recognze any of them.
There was Terry's fe nsurance pocy wth a note sayng he had changed the
benefcary from her to Marfe, and two handwrtten sts sayng "Read and Do
Immedatey." One of the sts drected her to a storage ocker n Las Vegas:
A tems n storage are for |oshua. The round tems are hs when he turns 21, a
ese now..
The note aso nstructed her to remove a sma pastc bag taped behnd a utens
drawer n Nchos' ktchen:
A tems n pastc bag are to be sent to Marfe, for Ncoe, f for any reason my fe
nsurance doesn't pay her. Otherwse, haf goes to |osh and haf to Marfe.
100
She removed a etter to McVegh's sster, |ennfer. Insde the etter to |ennfer was
another one stamped and addressed to McVegh:
Tm:
If you shoud receve ths etter, then cear everythng out of CG 37 by 01 Feb 95 or
pay to keep t onger, under Ted Parker of Decker. Ths etter has been wrtten &
seaed before I eft (21 Nov 94) and beng maed by Lana as per my nstructons to
her n wrtng. Ths s a she knows. It woud be a good dea to wrte or ca her to
verfy thngs. |address redacted| |ust ask for Lana (card encosed). Your on your
own. Go for t!!
Terry
Aso Lqudate 40
At the bottom t read, "As far as I know, ths etter woud be for the purpose of my
death."
"Why woud he wrte that etter?" asked Pada. "He has been there so many tmes.
Never - ever, has he wrtten a etter ke that. Never - ever."
|363|
Two weeks ater, on December 15, Pada and her odest son, Barry, drove to
Nchos' apartment. Foowng Nchos' nstructons, Barry reached behnd the
ktchen drawer and pued out a pastc bag. It was crammed fu of twentes and
hundreds - a tota of $20,000 cash.
Aready n a state of shock, the par drove to the AAAABCO storage facty and
nervousy fumbed wth the ock. They were stunned when they opened the door.
.there were wgs, masks, panty hose, freeze-dred food, and varous god cons
(obvousy the .round. ob|ects for |osh), aong wth god bars and sver buon
stacked neaty n boxes. There were aso some sma green stones that appeared
to be |ade. I estmated at east $60,000 street vaue n precous metas!
|364|
There was aso a arge rng wth what appeared to be safe depost box keys.
Two months ater, on |anuary 16, Nchos returned from the Phppnes, ave and
we. "Where's the package?" he asked Pada.
"I opened t," she stated body.
"Why?!" he excamed. "You betrayed my trust. I tod you not to open t for sxty
days."
"Because I was frghtened. I thought somethng terrbe had happened to you. I
thought you were dead. And where dd you get a that money?"
101
The coupe then argued over fnances, but Nchos woudn't expan the mysterous
etters, or where he had gotten the cash, the god, and the safe depost box keys.
She ddn't ask about the wgs, the masks, and the pantyhose, and he ddn't te
her. But she was worred nonetheess.
"I thnk those etters were wrtten because there s somebody bgger than any of
us w ever know nvoved n ths," sad Pada. "Why dd he change hs benefcary
on hs fe nsurance? It wasn't because her boyfrend mght take a pot-shot at
hm. and then he sad n that etter not to say a word to |osh unt t's a taken
care of. what the he s he takng about? It sn't the boyfrend."
|365|
If the boyfrend story s untrue, perhaps Nchos' "butterfy" partners were out to
get hm.
Or perhaps t was someone ese, someone bgger and more dangerous. Such
payers aren't hard to come by n Cebu Cty, home to a number of terrorsts groups
such as the Lberaton Army of the Phppnes, the Communst Huk, and the Abu
Sayyaf, an organzaton wth cose tes to the Mu|ahadeen and Word Trade Center
bomber Ramz Yousef.
Was Nchos meetng wth terrorsts n the Phppnes? Incredby, FBI 302 reports
and nvestgatons conducted by McVegh's defense team ndcate that Yousef,
Abdu Hakm Murad, Wa Khan Amn Shah, and severa other terrorsts met n
Davao, on the Isand of Mndanao, n ate 1992 or eary 1993, to dscuss the
Okahoma Cty bombng pot.
One of the men at the meetng, recaed an Abu Sayyaf eader, ntroduced hmsef
as "a farmer."
|366|
When the "farmer" returned from hs November, 1994 trp, and dscovered that
Pada had opened the package and read the etter, he turned "whte as a ghost,"
then mmedatey began makng a seres of desperate cas to a boardng house n
Cebu Cty.
Curousy, Nchos woud ca hs party, have a bref 34-second conversaton, then
hang up and mmedatey reda the number 14 consecutve tmes, ettng t rng
each tme. Ths he repeated on |anuary 31, wth nne cas and one 14-mnute
conversaton; then on February 14 he paced 22 cas wthn a 40-mnute tme-
perod, wth one 23-mnute conversaton; then on the 28th he made 31 cas wthn
three hours, wth no conversatons; then fnay on March 7 and 14 he made two
cas, speakng 24 mnutes each.
|367|
Snce Nchos ddn't tme-out these consecutve cas (as one woud tend to do f
there was no answer or the ne were busy), but made one ca rght after the
other, s t possbe he was sendng some sort of sgna or code?
|368|
102
Heen Maauan, who runs the boardng house, tod me Nchos was probaby tryng
to reach Marfe, who she sad was stayng there at the tme. Her brother Ernesto
aso sad that boarders from the sand of Mndanao often stayed at the house. The
Abu Sayyaf, concdentay, s headquartered n Mndanao. Was Nchos usng
Marfe to send a message to someone ese?
In February of '95, Terry and Marfe moved to Herrngton, Kansas, where Nchos
purchased a modest home for $25,000.
"We a thought he was |ust a tte bt dfferent," Herrngton rea estate agent
Georga Rucker sad. "We had to pry any nformaton out of hm."
|369|
In Herrngton, Nchos appeared to sette down. He attended army surpus auctons
at nearby Fort Rey and tred to make a vng seng army surpus gear.
"He spent the mornng of Apr 19, around Herrngton, pckng up busness cards,
regsterng hs truck wth the state, and cang on a coupe of oca shops, askng
about ther nterest n buyng government surpus," sad Pada. "Those are not the
actons of a guty man."
|370|
But are they?
On September 30, the same day that Nchos qut the Donahue ranch, someone
usng the name "Mke Havens" purchased 40 50-pound bags of ammonum ntrate
from the Md-Kansas Co-op n McPhearson. Athough empoyees never postvey
dentfed Nchos as the customer, a recept wth McVegh's fngerprnt was found
n Nchos' home. The FBI asserts that the fertzer was kept n a storage shed n
nearby Herrngton, rented by Nchos under the aas "Shawn Rvers."
|371|
Then, that same weekend, 299 dynamte stcks, 544 bastng caps, detonator cord,
and a quantty of an exposve caed Tovex were stoen from the Martn Maretta
Aggregates rock quarry |ust north of Maron. Maron County Sherff Ed Daves
testfed at McVegh's tra that he found meta shavngs and tumbers on the
ground n front of the magaznes. FBI Agent |ames Cadga, an FBI frearms and
too marks dentfcaton specast, sad that a dr bt n Nchos' home matched
the sgnature of the hoe dred nto the ock.
Fnay, Lor Forter, Mchae Forter's wfe, testfed that McVegh tod them that he
and Nchos had broken nto the quarry.
|372|
On October 18, 1994, 40 addtona 50-pound bags of ammonum ntrate were
purchased from the Md-Kansas Co-op by "Havens." Havens was reportedy drvng
a dark-coored pckup wth a ght-coored camper top - the knd owned by Terry
Nchos. (Another verson of the story has a red traer attached to the truck, whch
ddn't appear to be Nchos') The FBI beeved the fertzer was stored n a ocker n
Counc Grove - number 40 - rented the prevous day by "|oe Kye." Ths
103
apparenty was the "qudate 40" that Nchos referred to n hs mysterous note to
McVegh.
|ennfer McVegh ater testfed that when her brother vsted Lockport n November
of '94, he confded to her that he had been drvng around wth 1,000 pounds of
exposves. Coud these "exposves" have been the ammonum ntrate purchased
at the Md-Kansas Co-op?
Then on November 5, 1994, severa masked men robbed gun deaer Roger Moore.
The 60-year-od Moore was surprsed by two men carryng shotguns, wearng
camoufage fatgues and back sk masks, who bound hm wth duct tape. They
proceeded to ransack hs house, makng off wth a arge coecton of weapons,
pus a number of god and sver bars, and a safe depost box key.
Interestngy, Moore (AKA: Bob Anderson) knew McVegh, who once stayed at hs
house. Moore had met McVegh at a gun show n Forda n 1995.
For hs part, McVegh had a sod ab. He was n Kent, Oho on November 5, at a
gun show. Yet after the bombng, Forter reportedy tod the FBI that McVegh
caed hm after the robbery and sad, "Nchos got Bob!" Some of the guns were
ater pawned by Forter at the behest of McVegh, accordng to the FBI, whch
contends that the proceeds were used to fnance the bombng.
Interestngy, Nchos was seen n Sedaa, Mssour on February 10 and 11, the
same weekend that gun deaer Wam Mueer was robbed. Mueer's Ty,
Arkansas home, 150 mes south of Sedaa, was burgarzed of $40,000 worth of
sver cons, gun parts, survva gear, and 30 cases of ammunton.
What makes ths even more nterestng s that Nchos had checked nto the Mote
Memory the evenng of February 10, after a ong drve from Kansas, teng owner
Php Shaw he was there for the gun show. Yet Nchos had mssed the frst day of
the two-day show.
The next mornng, whe Nchos was apparenty at the show, Shaw's wfe Betty
opened hs room and saw dozens of boxes of ammunton scattered across the
foor. The presence of such a arge quantty of ammunton puzzed oca
nvestgators, who knew there was too sma a proft margn n egay-purchased
ammo for gun show deaers to bother messng wth t. Moreover, f Nchos had
panned on seng the ammunton, why had he eft so much of t n hs room?
Tragcay, Mueer, hs wfe, and ther 8-year-od daughter, Sarah, were found
murdered on |une 28, 1996. Ther bodes were by pued from the Inos Bayou
after a fsherman dscovered a porton of a eg. The famy had been handcuffed,
ther heads covered wth pastc bags wrapped wth duct tape. They were found n
20 feet of water, ted to a heavy rock.
104
Unaccounted for was some $50,000 the Arkansas ,a-ette reported the Mueers
were beeved to have receved ony days before they dsappeared.
Whe Tmothy McVegh had known Roger Moore, hs frend Mchae Bresca, and
his frend and roommate Andy Strassmer had met B Mueer at a Fort Smth,
Arkansas gun show earer that year. As reported n the Mc!urtain ,a-ette7
.Mueer then tod |Gene| Wergs that he remembered the two because he
beeved they mght be connected wth hs home's burgary - or even the ATF.
Wergs aso reported that Mueer showed hm a spra notebook where the
exhbtor had gone so far - so great was hs concern - as to wrte down the two
men's names.
|373|
Both Bresca and Strassmer, who aso knew McVegh, ved at Eohm Cty, the
whte separatst compound near Mudrow, Okahoma. Two other part-tme
resdents of Eohm Cty, 24 year-od Cheve Kehoe and hs brother Cheyne, opened
fred on poce durng a traffc stop n February of '97. The par was ndcted by a
Federa Grand |ury n Ltte Rock on murder, racketeerng and conspracy charges,
stemmng from the Mueer murder.
Guns stoen from the Mueers wound up at a Spokane, Washngton mote. The
manager tod the FBI that he s 75 percent certan that McVegh vsted hs mote n
ate '94 or eary '95 when Cheve Kehoe was vng there. He sad that Kehoe
showed up 45 mnutes before the Apr 19 bombng wth a request to watch CNN,
and seemed eated when he earned of the tragedy.
|374|
Mchae Bresca was ater arrested for hs aeged roe n the robbery of a Madson,
Wsconsn bank - part of the strng of robberes commtted by the Md-West Bank
Bandts. As prevousy mentoned, some of the robbers made ther temporary
homes at Eohm Cty.
After the bombng, the FBI questoned Pada about the tems found n Nchos'
home and storage ockers. Among those tems were arge quanttes of ammunton
and a safe depost box key beongng to Roger Moore. As of ths wrtng t s not
known whether the FBI traced the ammo to Mueer.
Aso found n Nchos' home, accordng to ATF Agent Larry Tongate, were 33
frearms, fve roes of 60-foot Prmadet detonator cord, non-eectrc bastng caps,
contaners of ammonum ntrate, a fue-meter, and four 55-gaon bue and whte
pastc drums.
Not exacty the everyday stuff of an ordnary guy from a sma town n Kansas.
Smar tems were found n |ames Nchos' farm, ncudng bastng caps, safety
fuses, ammonum ntrate, and dese fue. Nchos, who was taken nto custody the
same day as hs brother, dened any wrongdong, and authortes dropped a
charges. As for hs brother, he commented, "My gut feeng. I ddn't do anythng.
105
He ddn't do anythng." When asked by a reporter, "How about Tmothy McVegh?
he reped, "I want to see some facts."
Yet the facts aganst Terry seemed to be png up.
On Apr 15, 1995, Barbara Whttenberg served breakfast to three men at the
Sante Fe Tra Dner: Terry Nchos, Tm McVegh, and a thrd man wth dark
features. She aso recaed seeng a Ryder truck outsde, and asked the men where
they were headed. Suddeny, she sad, t was "as f ce water was thrown on the
conversaton."
|375|
The men eft before 7:00 a.m. Later that afternoon, as Whttenberg and her son
were drvng to nearby |uncton Cty, they saw the truck parked at Geary State
Fshng Lake - where authortes orgnay camed the bomb was mxed. The
truck was st there when they drove past around 3:00 or 4:00 p.m. Whttenberg's
son recaed seeng three men aong wth what he descrbed as a Thunderbrd wth
Arzona tags.
Later that day Nchos vsted a Conoco staton n Manhattan, Kansas, and a
Coasta Mart n |uncton Cty, and bought over 30 gaons of dese fue. Nchos'
pck-up has a dese motor, accordng to hs brother, and Nchos' had been a
reguar dese customer for over two months pror to the bombng, accordng to
Shan Woods of Kepper O Co., purchasng between $20 to $30 worth of dese fue
"two or three tmes a week." Recepts were agan found n hs home.
|376|
The next day, Nchos purchased an addtona 21 gaons from the |uncton Cty
Conoco staton.
Then, on the evenng of Apr 17, 1995, a Ryder truck was seen parked behnd
Nchos Herrngton home. A Ryder truck was seen that same week backed up to a
storage shed that Nchos rented.
On the mornng of the 18th, severa wtnesses agan saw the Ryder truck parked at
Geary Lake. Parked next to appeared to be Nchos' pck-up. When the FBI
subsequenty nspected the area, they aegedy recovered bts of ammonum
ntrate and strands of detonator cord, and saw sgns of dese fue.
That same day, or possby the day before, a convoy pued n for gas at the Easy
Mart n Newkrk, 100 mes north of Okahoma Cty. It was a Ryder truck
accompaned by a bue pck-up wth a camper top. Manager |err-Lynn Backhous
recaed seeng three men. The passenger n the pck-up was dark sknned wth
back har, average heght, and had a "rea muscuar bud," she sad. He was
wearng a t-shrt and sun-gasses, and "ooked |ust ke the |ohn Doe 2 sketch."
|377|
Backhous aso saw a refecton of the person n the Ryder truck. He was a short
man wth cose cropped, dark har and gasses, she sad. Empoyee Dornda |.
"Wendy" Hermes wated on the thrd man - Terry Lynn Nchos - who came nto
106
the store and bought food for the others. Hermes partcuary recaed Nchos'
pck-up. "It caught me funny because t had street tres on t, but t was a muddy,"
she sad.
|378|
But perhaps most nterestng was the recoecton of Nchos' son |osh, who
accompaned McVegh and hs father on the rde back to Kansas that Sunday.
McVegh asserts that he caed Nchos from Okahoma Cty because hs car had
broken down, and asked Nchos to pck hm up. On the way back, accordng to
|osh, McVegh made hs nfamousy cryptc remark: "Somethng bg s gong to
happen."
Nchos reportedy asked hm, What, are you gong to rob a bank?"
"Somethng bg s gong to happen," McVegh stocay reped.
A curous statement. If McVegh and Nchos had conspred to bomb the Murrah
Budng, woudn't Nchos already know that "somethng bg" was gong to
happen?
Or was the statement nvented by Nchos to excupate hmsef from the pot n the
eyes of nvestgators? Gven the fact that the statement was reayed to the FBI by
Nchos' 12-year-od son, ths seems unkey.
And f Nchos was nvoved n the pot, there s evdence that n November of '94
he wanted out. Among the documents prosecutors handed over to the defense s
testmony from Lor Forter that McVegh began to soct hep from her husband
because Nchos was "expressng reuctance."
It shoud be noted however that the FBI and the "|ustce" Department s nfamous
for framng peope, and they brought enormous pressure on the Forters,
threatenng them wth knowedge of a terrorst pot, weapons voatons and other
charges f they dd not testfy aganst Nchos and McVegh. Federa prosecutors
subsequenty coached Lor Forter heavy before McVegh's tra, havng her
practce her testmony n two mock tras.
Yet f Nchos had no nvovement n the pot, what was he dong wth arge
quanttes of ammonum ntrate, bastng caps, detonator cord, and a coecton of
55-gaon drums? Why the purchases of dese fue? Were these tems panted by
the FBI?
If Nchos was nvoved n the bombng, why ddn't he make any attempt to hde or
dspose of these ncrmnatng tems before Apr 19, or even by the 22nd? Why
woud a man,who had aegedy |ust bown up a budng, kng 169 peope, pany
eave a recept for the so-caed bomb ngredent n hs ktchen drawer?
107
In fact, Nchos ddn't attempt to hde any of these tems, before he casuay
waked nto the oca poce staton on Apr 22, after hearng hs name on TV. Such
do not seem ke the actons of an ntegent, cacuatng, cod-booded ker.
But, then there were the mysterous trps to the Phppnes. Those trps, and
Nchos' candestne meetngs wth some mysterous payers n Las Vegas, woud
begn to ntrgue a handfu of |ournasts and nvestgators, as the Okahoma Cty
bombng pot took them down an even darker and more nsdous road.
'
Millar3s &ent-/--a7i
Authortes have postuated that McVegh's "obsesson wth Waco," and Nchos'
hatred of the Federa Government were the drvng forces that ed them to bomb
the Federa Budng. Ther aeged assocaton wth mtas and other paramtary
groups, authortes camed, was the key nfuence that guded them aong ther
snster path to ther fna, vcous act of revenge.
These numerous pseudo-experts aso theorzed that McVegh hmsef was nspred
by the Turner "iaries, wrtten by former physcs professor Wam Perce. In ths
fctonazed account of whte race-warrors' overthrow of the Zonst Occupatona
Government (ZOG), the "heroes" demosh the FBI budng n Washngton, D.C.
wth a fertzer bomb at precsey 9:00 a.m.
The dea for bombng a federa facty s hardy new. In the md-1970s Okahoma
resdent Harawese Moore was convcted of pantng an ncendary devce outsde
both the Federa Courthouse and the Afred P. Murrah Budng - a case,
concdentay, defended by Stephen |ones.
In 1983, members of the Covenant, Sword and the Arm of the Lord (CSA), a whte
supremacst group based n northern Arkansas, panned to truck-bomb the Afred
P. Murrah Budng. In 1988, former CSA eader |ames Eson turned states'
evdence and testfed that CSA member Rchard Wayne Sne and others had
partcpated n the pot. Sne was btter toward the government, Eson camed,
because the IRS and FBI had sezed hs property.
Other defendants ncuded Rchard Grnt Buter, chef of the Aryan Natons; Robert
E. Mes, a former Ku Kux Kansman; and Lous Beam, |r., former Grand Dragon of
the Texas Ku Kux Kan, and Aryan Natons "Ambassador at Large" - who ed a
campagn of terror aganst Vetnamese-Amercan fsherman.
|379|
Eson, who fanced hmsef "Kng |ames," was surrounded at hs CSA compound
near the Mssour-Arkansas border on the prophetc date of Apr 19 (ten years to
108
the day of the Okahoma Cty bombng), eadng to a four-day standoff aganst 200
heavy-armed agents. Eson ater testfed at hs sedton tra that at Sne's
request, he had cased severa budngs, ncudng the Afred P. Murrah Budng.
"He took me to some of the budngs and asked me to go n the budng and check
the budng out," Eson sad. Accordng to hs testmony, rocket aunchers were to
be "paced n a traer or a van so that t coud be drven up to a gven spot, parked
there, and a tmed detonaton devce coud be trggered so that the drver coud
wak away and eave the vehce set n poston and he woud have tme to cear
the area before any of the rockets aunched."
|380|
Eson woud ater deny ths. Yet on October 22, 1996, the Canadan Broadcastng
Company (CBC) payed a cp of Eson, where the former CSA eader admtted hs
nvovement n the pot:
Ellison: ...Wayne Sne had been... had made a trp to Okahoma Cty, and Wayne
came back and tod me about dfferent budngs that he had seen, wanted to know
f I woud ook at them wth hm sometme. And Steve taked to me and gave me a
descrpton of these budngs and asked me to desgn a rocket auncher that coud
be used to destroy these budngs from a dstance... heavy, arge budngs.
In the CBC pece, former CSA member Kerry Nobe states: "I st ook at thngs ke
ths and reaze how cose we were, and, you know, that ths coud have been me
havng done ths." The reformed Nobe, now a crtc of the mtant extreme-Rght,
spoke openy about the pot wth CBC's Trsh Wood:
-oble: It was one of the targets that we had taked about at |the| CSA n '83. The
day t happened, as soon as I heard t on the news, I sad, the Rght-wng's done t
- they fnay took that step.
Nobe expaned that the Murrah Budng was a target because t was a ow
securty compex that housed many dfferent federa agences. He sad the potters
thought t woud have more effect on the country "than f you dd a budng, say, n
New York Cty or somethng."
|381|
Wood: Do you thnk - and I know ths s a guess - that Sne or Eson tod
|Reverend Robert| Mar about the eary pans to bow up the Murrah Budng n
Okahoma Cty?
-oble: .I thnk that probaby Mar knew that somethng ma|or was gong to
happen. Now, whether he knew the exact detas, chances are he probaby dd not,
because he woud not want to know specfc detas at frst. But I thnk he knew
somethng ma|or was gong to happen.
Eson ater setted at Eohm Cty at the behest of Mar, who cams to dsavow
the bombng. "If I knew somethng ke that was takng pace then or today," sad
109
the Chrstan Identty mnster, "I'd do everythng I coud do to prevent t and, f
necessary, ca n government agents to hep stop t."
Whe a 14 defendants n the orgna 1983 bombng pot were acqutted, Sne
was executed on the ever-prophetc date of Apr 19, 1995, the very day that the
Murrah Budng was bombed. Sne was convcted of kng a back state trooper n
1984, and a pawn shop owner he thought was |ewsh. Whe under arrest, Sne
caed hmsef a "prsoner of war," precsey what authortes camed McVegh sad.
Before hs death, Sne had tme to watch scenes from the bombng on hs |a-room
TV. Mar, who was wth the 64-year-od Sne durng hs fna hours, sad he was
appaed at the destructon. Yet accordng to Arkansas prson offca Aan Abes,
"Sne chucked and aughed as he watched teevson coverage of the Okahoma
Cty dsaster."
Both Mar and Sne's wfe contend that the convcted murderer was saddened by
the bombng. Yet Nobe thnks McVegh was n some way nspred by Sne.
Wood: Dd you ever thnk that t was a concdence that Tm McVegh - f, n fact,
he dd t - chose that budng?
-oble: No, I don't thnk t's any concdence. When you brng that nto account
wth the decaraton of war that we made, the pressure that the oder eaders of
the groups are puttng on the younger foowers to do somethng n a ma|or way
before they de - no, t's no concdence.
Wood: How woud McVegh have known about the earer pans for the Murrah
Budng?
-oble: It's very feasbe and key that he woud have kept n communcaton wth
certan peope and sad... you know, then f somebody sad, we, what woud you
recommend as a startng pace - t's very key he coud have sad, we, ths s
what we had pcked out.
Interestngy, Abes tod the "ener )ost, "Sne repeatedy predcted that there
woud be a bombng or an exposon the day of hs death."
/bles: A few days before the executon I began to hear thngs from the drector,
the wardens, |ust tak n the offce, that strange thngs were gong on, Sne was
takng strangey, he was, you know, makng statements that were a tte scary.
catastrophc events, thngs were gong to happen. Ths date, Apr 19th, was gong
to be somethng that the governor woud regret perhaps.
Sne's partng words before eavng ths Earth were, "Look over your shouder,
Governor, |ustce s comng. I woudn't trade paces wth you or any of your crones.
He has vctory. I am at peace."
110
Wood: Are those the ravngs of a man about to be executed or are they the
comments of a man wth a pan?
-oble: I thnk a man wth a pan, I thnk a man who s takng the satsfacton that
hs death may mean somethng after a and that t may be the catayst that puts
somebody over the ne to do what he hmsef ddn't get the chance to do.
|382|
A smar bomb pot surfaced a year after the Okahoma Cty bombng, when
Rchard Ray Lampey, 65, hs wfe Ceca, and frend |ohn Bard were convcted of a
pot to bomb the ADL offce n Houston, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) n
Montgomery, and varous gay bars and aborton cncs. Lampey made hs
ntentons known at one of Denns Mahon's WAR meetngs. A former Grand
Impera Dragon of the KKK, and number three man n WAR, the Tusan was a
frequent vstor to Lampey's pace, and to Eohm Cty.
A sef-procamed "Prophet of God," Lampey cams he was entrapped by Rchard
Schrum, an FBI nformant. Schrum was sent by the Bureau to nftrate the
Okahoma whte separatst compound, but when he found nothng ega there, he
nftrated Lampey's group nstead.
Accordng to defense attorneys, t was Schrum who ran the mta ce to whch
Lampey beonged, and threatened to eave when t appeared Lampey was
waverng. "If anyone formed any knd of conspracy, t was Rchard Schrum,"
defense awyer Mark Green sad. Defense attorney Warren Gotcher backed up
Green, statng "Ths conspracy to bud a bomb s totay on the orders of Rchard
Schrum." Schrum tod Lampey that he had a brother n the Speca Forces at Fort
Bragg, NC, who woud provde ogstc support when the "New Word Order"
nvason came.
|383|
The bomb, a mxture of homemade C-4, was supposed to tested at Eohm Cty.
|384|
Whatever the reaty of that case, t provdes a unque nsght nto the characters
and payers of the whte supremacst communty of Southeastern Okahoma - a
communty that drew to t ke a magnet some of the key payers of the Okahoma
Cty bombng conspracy.
Led by the 71-year-od Mar, Eohm Cty (Hebrew for "Cty of God") s a 1,100-acre
Chrstan Identty compound near Mudrow, Okahoma. Founded n 1973 by the
Canadan-born Mennonte, the communty s home to approxmatey 90 resdents,
about haf of whom are drect descendants of Mar.
Chrstan Identty adherents beeve that whte Ango-Saxons, not |ews, are God's
chosen peope, beng descendants of the 12 ost trbes of Israe, and that Amerca,
not Israe, s the Promsed Land. Ths sanctfed doctrne aso hods that |ews are
the spawn of Satan, and non-whtes are a "pre-Adamc," sub-speces.
111
Ony whtes are the "true soveregn ctzens" of the Repubc, and a others are
"Fourteenth Amendment ctzens" - the creaton of an egtmate "ZOG."
Beevers of ths odd mx of theoogy not ony beeve that the end tmes are near,
but that a great messah w arse to ead these "hoy warrors" n a terrbe fna
batte aganst the ev ZOG.
Those who montor Rght-wng extremst groups say Mar s probaby the most
nfuenta Chrstan Identty eader n the Great Pans.
|385|
As Mar expaned t:
"We are opposed to governmenta msuse of tax money.. We are opposed to
some of the actons of government. We're not ant-government... Our peope are
a sef-empoyed, and we a pay taxes.. "We are racst," Mar sad, "but we
aren't ant-Semtc. I thnk t's better for races and cutures... to have reatonshps
wthn ther own ethnc group. That doesn't mean soatonsm, but t means
separatsm."
|386|
Yet the group does mantan connectons to whte supremacst and neo-Naz
organzatons, ncudng WAR, the somewhat defunct CSA, and the voent but
argey dsbanded Order. The Chrstan Identty adherents aso formed aances
wth Rchard Buter, Chrstan Identty "mnster," and head of the Aryan Natons n
Hayden Lake, Idaho. The Hayden Lake compound served as a nexus for whte
supremacst groups from a over the country, ncudng the KKK, Posse Comtatus,
Wam Perce's Natona Aance, and Robert Mathews' Order. It was Mathews'
group, nspred by Perce's Turner "iaries, that went on to commt a strng of bank
robberes, counterfetng, bombngs, and murder throughout the Md- and
Northwest n the 1980s.
|387|
Amassng between $2 and $4 mon from robberes and hests of armored cars,
the group dstrbuted the proceeds amongst the whte supremacst movement.
They aso purchased and n northern Idaho for paramtary tranng, but moved to
northern Arkansas, nkng up wth the CSA when they found the harsh cmate
unsutabe for ther purposes.
The Order's expots came to an end n November of '84, when Mathews ded n a
shoot-out wth poce and federa agents on Whdby Isand off the coast of
Washngton. It's members who managed to escape fed across the country,
ntegratng themseves nto dfferent whte supremacst groups, or went
underground atogether.
Rchard Lee Guthre, |r., the son of a CIA empoyee, who was dscharged from the
Navy for pantng a swastka on the sde of a shp and threatenng superors, hs
chdhood frend Peter K. Langan, and Shawn Kenny, went on to form the nuceus
of a group known as the Mdwest Bank Bandts. The group stoe more than
$250,000 from 22 banks between |anuary of '94 and December of '95 n a spree
that ed them across Oho, Wsconsn, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Mssour. The
four-member group woud often wear FBI |ackets agents to taunt the Bureau, and
create dversons to fo poce, ncudng eavng behnd nert ppe-bombs to sow
112
pursut. The bandts even had a macabre sense of humor, wearng a Santa Caus
sut durng a hod-up around Chrstmas, and an Easter basket wth a god panted
ppe-bomb eft nsde a bank n Des Mones.
"Wd B" Guthre aso admtted to a West Vrgna sherff that he had heped
Buter's Aryan Natons rase another quarter mon doars through fraud. Both
Guthre and Langan were reguar vstors to the Hayden Lake compound.
The seeds for the mens' daance wth the paramtary extreme-Rght was sown n
1991, when Shawn Kenny, a frend of Langan and Guthre, began dscussng ther
pans to further the "cause."
Interestngy, the Secret Servce recruted Langan as an nformant n August of
1993 to keep an eye on hs frend Guthre, who had made threats aganst the ves
of Presdents Cnton and Bush. Langan was reeased from hs Georga |a ce
(where he was servng tme for robbng a Pzza Hut wth Guthre) and set up n a
house n Oho, where he was to assst the Secret Servce n ocatng hs od frend.
The dea soon went sour.
Secret Servce Agent Dck Rathne summed up the fasco ths way: "Our man
nterest was to fnd f there was an nterest to harm the Presdent or overthrow the
government.... We ddn't know they were these bank robbers."
|388|
Langan went south on the Secret Servce sx weeks ater, and soon ocated hs od
frend Guthre. The two set themseves up n a safehouse n Pttsburg, Kansas, from
whch they were aeged to have aunched ther notorous crme spree.
In November of '94, Mark Thomas, the oca Aryan Natons representatve, unted
the two wth others of ther knd. Thomas' farm, ocated rather appropratey next
to a toxc waste dump, has been the ste of skn-head and neo-Naz raes such as
Whte Prde Day and the annua Hter Youth Festva, where partcpants en|oyed
such whoesome actvtes as pagan rtuas and cross burnngs.
Thomas ntroduced the par to Pennsyvana natve Scott Stedeford, a rock
muscan and artst, and Kevn McCarthy, a bassst n a whte-power band named
"Day of the Sword." Thomas was nstrumenta n hepng the men form an aance
whch they woud ca the Aryan Repubcan Army (ARA).
Takng the monker of "Commander Pedro," Langan became the group's eader.
Accordng to testmony provded by Kenny at Stedeford's tra, Langan boasted
that the gang was modeed after The Order.
"Learn from Bob |Mathews|," Langan s heard sayng on a home-made recrutment
vdeo. "Learn from hs mstakes. Study your enemy. Study hs methods."
|389|
The Pennsyvana Posse Comtatus eader woud aso ntroduce Stedeford and
McCarthy to Mchae Bresca, a Phadepha natve and rock muscan who woud
113
go on to form a speed meta band wth McCarthy and Stedeford, caed "Cyande."
The rock 'n ro bank robbers decded to recrut the 24-year-od La Sae Unversty
student after pannng the hest of a arge bank n Madson, Wsconsn, whch the
tro robbed on August 30, 1995.
The three men came to know "Grandpa Mar" at Eohm Cty courtesy of Thomas,
and Bresca was soon engaged to Mar's granddaughter, Ester. Bresca wound up
vng at the recusve compound for two years. It was there that he woud meet hs
new roommate, Andreas Kar Strassmer, the mysterous German who setted there
n 1991. It was aso at Eohm Cty that Bresca woud meet Tmothy McVegh. As
ATF nformant Caro Ezabeth Howe recaed:
"Sometme before Chrstmas |of 1994| a ot of guys showed up at EC (Eohm Cty).
One that I reca was Tm |McVegh|, who I ony knew as Tm Tutte. He was there
wth a guy who used the name Fontane, a person I now recognze as Mke Forter."
Referrng to McVegh, she sad, "I never even spoke to hm. He was consdered a
'good soder' by the members of the ARA, but not a eader; he was |ust someone
you sent out on |obs, because he was reabe."
|390|
Were McVegh and Nchos nvoved n bank robberes? Had the robberes fnanced
the bombng? It was a queston that has dsturbed Nchos' ex-wfe Lana Pada,
who dscovered masks, nyon stockngs, and wgs n her former spouse's storage
ocker. Nchos was known as a vehement crtc of the bankng system, had been
on the osng end of a arge credt card awsut, and had decared the Federa
Reserve corrupt.
McVegh hmsef sent hs sster |ennfer three $100 bs, teng her they were the
proceeds from a bank robbery. Whe there was no proof that the par had actuay
partcpated, authortes woud ponder the sgnfcance of the assocatons. As the
,a-ette wrtes:
A reabe source famar wth the nvestgaton confrmed that admtted co-
consprator Mchae Forter tod the FBI that ex-army buddy Tm McVegh sad n
February 1995 that he (McVegh) was gong to Coorado to |on "The Order."
|391|
Interestngy, what s not known s |ust where McVegh was on the days
mmedatey before and mmedatey after 11 of the robberes.
What s known s that Bresca, Strassmer, and McVegh became frends, attendng
gun shows, traveng the whte supremacst crcut, and crashng hgh-schoo
partes n Kansas, not far from Terry Nchos' house. Neghbors recaed seeng men
who ft the genera descrpton of McVegh and |ohn Doe 2 at Nchos' Herrngton
home.
For hs part, Strassmer cams he'd "never been n Kansas," then admtted, ".we,
once, drvng through."
|392|
114
Catna Lawson's roommate, Lndsay |ohnson, dated Bresca, and Lawson was cose
frends wth McVegh. Both she and Lawson recaed seeng Strassmer, Bresca,
McVegh and Forter at the Kansas partes around the Summer of '92. The young
women aegedy referred to the handsome young Bresca as "Mke Breezy."
It s Bresca, some nvestgators cam, who s the mysterous |ohn Doe 2 orgnay
sought by the FBI. Bombng vctm Genn Wburn, aong wth nvestgator |.D. Cash,
earned of Bresca's reatonshp to Strassmer and McVegh after takng to peope
at Eohm Cty and others n the whte supremacst underground. The famy fed a
$30 mon awsut aganst McVegh, whch ncudes Strassmer, and named Bresca
as |ohn Doe 2.
Robert Mar nssts that Bresca, who s engaged to Mar's granddaughter, s not
|ohn Doe 2, but smpy a "ceancut, coege type boy."
|393|
Yet severa wtnesses n Kansas camed that Bresca cosey matches the FBI's
wanted sketch. Lke |ohn Doe 2, Bresca has a tattoo on hs eft arm. Curousy
though, Bresca's tattoo s crcuar - a cross nsde a whee - the embem of the
Aryan Natons. The tattoo seen by Mke Moroz and other wtnesses on |ohn Doe 2
more cosey resembed a dragon, an anchor, or a snake. But then agan, accordng
to numerous wtnesses, there s more than one |ohn Doe 2.
Whe Bresca's connecton to Eohm Cty centered around hs reatonshp wth
Ester, t was Strassmer who was hs roommate. A German natona, the 38-year-
od Strassmer s the son of Gnter Strassmer, former Paramentary Secretary of
State to German Chanceor Hemut Koh. Strassmer's unce s n the German
parament, and hs brother Aexander sts on the Bern Cty Counc. Lke Langan,
Strassmer's father aso reportedy has connectons to the CIA.
Andreas served as a eutenant n the German Panzer Grenaders (the equvaent of
our Speca Forces), had forma mtary ntegence tranng, and dd a stnt as a
ason offcer wth the Wesh Guards. He tod the 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h that
part of hs work was to detect nftraton by Warsaw Pact agents, and then feed
them dsnformaton. "If we caught a guy, we'd offer hm amnesty. We'd turn hm
and use hm to feed fase nformaton back to the Warsaw Pact."
|394|
Whe
Strassmer woud not admt t, t s reported that he s an agent for the German
natona ant-terrorst poce, the GSG-9.
|395|
"Andy the German," as he became known, arrved n the U.S. n May of 1991,
wthout beng documented by the INS (Immgraton and Naturazaton Servce),
and ved on a credt card provded by sources unknown. He soon became Eohm
Cty's Drector of Securty.
|396|
Accordng to Strassmer, hs path crossed McVegh's at a Tusa gun show n Apr of
'93. Strassmer stopped by McVegh's tabe and bought a few mtary souvenrs
and dscussed events at Waco. He then gave McVegh hs card bearng the
nscrpton "Eohm Cty." In an ntervew n Soldier of Fortune, Strassmer professed
115
never to of heard of McVegh, though he ater recanted hs story for the Tele%ra*h..
"I met the guy once at a gun show," he sad. "We spoke for fve mnutes, that's
a."
|397|
It woud seem the reatonshp goes deeper than that however. Strassmer
reportedy met McVegh agan at the frst annversary of the Waco massacre n
Apr of '94. And accordng to |ournast Wam |asper, sources cose to the
nvestgaton reveaed that McVegh vsted Eohm Cty on at east 20 occasons.
Traffc records show McVegh was stopped for speedng on October 12, 1993, two
mes north of Cederve, Arkansas, ess than 10 mes from Eohm Cty, on a
remote road eadng to the compound. ATF nformant Caro Howe aso recaed
seeng McVegh and Forter at Eohm Cty durng the wnter of '94.
Yet possby the most reveang connecton surfaced n the form of two phone cas,
one paced by McVegh from the Impera Mote n Kngman, Arzona to Strassmer
on Apr 5, |ust two weeks before the bombng. It was |ust mnutes after McVegh
had aegedy caed |uncton Cty to reserve the Ryder truck. Accordng to Mar's
daughter-n-aw |oan, who answered the phone, the caer asked to speak to
"Andy." Andy wasn't n. McVegh eft a message sayng, "Te Andy I' be comng
through."
Robert Mar, Eohm Cty's "sprtua eader," camed gnorance of McVegh or the
phone ca.
|398|
He ater recanted hs story.
Then one day before the bombng, McVegh caed Strassmer's U.S. attorney, Krk
Lyons, ookng for Andy. Not fndng hm there, he engaged Lyon's assstant, Dave
Hooway, n a 15-mnute conversaton about Waco, Lyons cams, and the need to
"send a message to the government." It seemed McVegh aso needed to send a
message to Strassmer.
For hs part Strassmer cams McVegh never vsted Eohm Cty. "I don't know why
McVegh was tryng to contact me," he sad.
Catna Lawson, who was cose frends wth McVegh for two years, remembers
seeng Strassmer at the |uncton Cty partes. "He was |ust someone you'd see
every once n a whe," sad Lawson, who, aong wth frends, woud meet and party
wth the soders from nearby Fort Rey. "He was ta, sknny and pae, wth
crooked teeth and sunken eyes surrounded by dark crces. And he had ths accent.
."
|399|
Larry Wd and hs wfe Kathy aso reca seeng Strassmer on one of ther fshng
trps to Cameron Sprngs Lake, near Fort Rey. The Wds remember seeng
Strassmer wth two other men wth an od Ryder truck one week before the
bombng. |ust who those two other men were they coudn't say. Wd dd reca
speakng wth Strassmer though. "I sad, 'Your daect s reay dfferent. Are you a
soder?' He sad, 'No.' I sad, 'Do you work for the government?' He |ust knd of
aughed."
116
Yet st more wtnesses reca seeng the two men together. At east fve dancers
reca seeng McVegh, Nchos, Bresca, and Strassmer at Lady Godva's, a strp
|ont n Tusa, whch the men vsted on Apr 8, 1995. In an ntervew wth CBC's
Trsh Wood, the dancers, who wsh to reman anonymous, were "postve" of
Strassmer and McVegh's presence |ust eeven days before the bombng:
Wood: You saw ths man n here?
8nidentified: Yes.
Wood: And how do you remember? What makes you remember seeng hm n here
that nght?
8nidentified: From one of the grs. I |ust heard her say somethng about a coupe
of guys, there were a coupe of werd guys, she wanted somebody to go st wth
them.
As dscussed earer, McVegh bragged to one of the grs that "somethng bg" was
gong to happen. "On Apr 19, 1995, you' remember me for the rest of your fe,"
McVegh sad.
|400|
Aso present that nght was an od, faded Ryder truck, seen by the bouncer. The
truck appeared to be prvatey-owned, addng further proof that at east two trucks
were used n the bombng. It was ths truck whch was seen by wtnesses at Geary
State Park, severa days before authortes aege that McVegh rented hs. |.D.
Cash specuates that McVegh few to Fort Smth from hs mote room n Kngman
on Apr 7 to pck up the truck and meet hs comrades, then the men stopped by
Tusa on ther way back to Kansas.
If they stopped by Tusa, maybe t was to check out the Indan Terrtory Gun Show.
It aso mght have been to meet Denns Mahon. The WAR offca, Natona Socast
Aance (NSA) eader, and former KKK Impera Grand Dragon traveed frequenty
to the recusve compound where he kept a traer, "to vst and feowshp and do
some target shootng and mtary maneuvers," he sad. Mahon was cose frends
wth Bresca and Strassmer, both of whom he "oved ke brothers."
|401|
In what may seem ke an even more bzarre twst, Mahon cams he was funded by
the Iraqs durng the Guf War. Lke Order eader Robert Mathews, who was
reportedy offered fundng by the Syrans, Mahon receved $100 a month, for a
tota of $4,800, from the Iraqs to str up opposton to the Bush/UN-mposed
sanctons. Mahon, operator of the Da-a-Racst hot ne, aso produced severa
vdeotapes whch he dstrbuted to pubc access statons, expressng hs dssentng
vew on the U.S. pocy.
|402|
Mahon started recevng Iraq funds shorty after he began hodng ant-war raes,
he sad. ".t's comng from the same zp code where the Iraq Embassy s, but
they don't say t's from the Iraq Embassy."
|403|
117
|eff Stenberg, an nvestgator for the LaRouche Foundaton, says such a scenaro s
not at a unusua. "Ths knd of stuff happened a the tme," says Stenberg. "In the
'70s, they had peope who's |ob t was to show up at every sort of Left-wng ray."
Yet why woud the Iraqs gve money to an avowed whte supremacst ke Mahon?
"Hatred of the |ews," says Stenberg. "Some ow-eve person at the embassy gves
t out to these guys, and you'd be surprsed at who they gve t to - they're not
that brght."
|404|
In McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, fed one week before McVegh's tra,
Stephen |ones made note of the fact that three members of the Amercan
Agrcutura Movement aso met wth Iraq offcas. Ther purpose was to work wth
the Iraqs to negotate a peacefu wthdraw from Kuwat. "We wanted to get a
daogue gong and stop a shootng war," sad one member. "As Amercans, that's
what we tred to do."
|405|
Yet t seemed the meetng between the farmers and the Iraq ambassador wasn't
the ony meetng that took pace. |ones stated that Terry Nchos, who he refers to
ony as "Suspect I," made cas to two Kansas-based Posse Comtatus members -
Davd Ophant and Buddy Snead. Lke Nchos, Snead s marred to a Fpno
woman. It s not known whether he met her through the same ma-order brde
servce as Nchos.
|406|
A CIA source contacted by |ones ndcated that two members of the Posse
Comtatus (t s not known who) vsted wth an Iraq dpomat n New York Cty
around the same genera tme. Whe the author was unabe to ocate these two
ndvduas to confrm the story, t s possbe they met wth the dpomat to
express ther horror over Bush's "Desert Massacre."
It s aso possbe that the Iraqs vewed the meetng as an opportunty to
strengthen ther tes to the whte supremacst movement. As w be seen,
coaboraton between Arab states, Md-East terrorsts, and neo-Nazs s a ong and
we-documented one.
Unfortunatey for Denns Mahon, the Iraqs severed ther tes wth hm after the
bombng. ".they cut me off, a month after the bombng - bastards!"
|407|
It s aso key that Mahon, who traveed to Germany to recrut young sknheads for
the KKK, may have met up wth Mchae Khnen. A promnent neo-Naz, Khnen
formed the Ant-Zonst League, whch preached hatred of |ews, and sought to form
a common bond between Nazs and ther Arab brethren. Khnen aso negotated
wth the Iraqs, provdng them wth 200 German, Amercan and Brtsh sknheads
to fght aongsde Iraq troops. There s reportedy a vdeotape of these storm
troopers n S.S. unforms beng greeted by Iraq Informaton Mnster Abde Lateef
|assem.
|408|
118
Khnen's successor, a name named Hubner, has connectons to Krk Lyons,
Andreas Strassmer's North Carona-based attorney. Lyons aso spoke wth Hubner
at meetngs of the group "Deutsche Aternatve." Lke Mahon, Lyons traveed the
German whte supremacst crcut. Strassmer and Mahon were cose frends, unt
Mahon and hs brother Denns reportedy caed Germany wth orders to k
Strassmer.
Another frend of Mahon's s Gary Lauck of Lncon, Nebraska. The eader of the
neo-Naz Natona Socast Worker's Party, Lauck wrote a 20-page manfesto
entted, "Strategy, Propaganda and Organzaton," about ntegratng wordwde
extremst groups nto a tght network, and "mtary educaton wth terrorst ams."
Lauck has reportedy had frequent contact wth Arab terrorst groups accordng to
McVegh's defense counse.
Fnay, there s the Lbyan government, wdey reported to have funded both the
Irsh Repubcan Army (IRA) and U.S. ctzens, ncudng a Chcago street gang
caed the E Rukns - convcted of conspracy to commt terrorst acts throughout
the U.S.
"Upon hearng that Lous Farrakhan had receved $5 mon from the Lbyan
government, the eader of the E Rukns actvey sought sponsorshp from Lbya n
exchange to an n-knd amount of money. Members of the E Rukns actuay
traveed to Lbya to meet wth mtary offca of the Lbyan government."
|409|
Farrakhan, the eader of the Naton of Isam (NOI, or "Back Musms"), carres forth
a unque hstorca precedent. Hs predecessor, E|ah Muhammad, nvted
Amercan Naz Party eader George Lncon Rockwe to address an NOI ray on
|une 25, 1961 n Washngton, D.C. There s a photo of Rockwe's Nazs n fu
regaa (ncudng Swastka arm bands) seated n the front row, wth the Back
Musms seated drecty behnd them.
|410|
Rockwe appeared at an NOI ray n Chcago one year ater, where he announced,
"E|ah Muhammad s to the so-caed Negro what Adoph Hter was to the German
peope.."
In September of 1985, the NOI nvted Tom Metzger, former Grand Dragon of the
KKK and current eader of WAR to ts forum n Ingewood, Caforna, and accepted
a sma fnanca contrbuton from the notorous whte supremacst. Metzger
decared that hs aance wth the NOI was a "ogca one: They want ther terrtory
and that's exacty what we want for them and for ourseves. They speak aganst
the |ews and the oppressors n Washngton."
|411|
It therefore comes as no surprse that Lbya funded the NOI to the tune of $5
mon doars. The motve behnd Arab fundng of Western racst and dssdent
groups was - and s - to forment revouton and destabze the "Great Satan."
|ust as Lbyan Presdent Muammar a-Oaddaf serves as the nspraton behnd
many mtant Back Musms, so the IRA served as the sprtua nspraton behnd
119
the Aryan Repubcan Army, the group founded by Rchard Guthre and Peter
Langan, whch ncuded Mchae Bresca.
As Stephen |ones eoquenty states, "These peope are targeted because ther
deoogca compass s preset aganst the Federa Government.. Athough the
whte supremacst communty are dametrcay opposed to that of Back Musms,
t s a we known fact that both share a common hatred for the Federa
Government."
When the ARA was eventuay dsbanded, the FBI dscovered an IRA terrorst
manua caed the "Green Book," terature on Ireand, Gaec anguage tapes,
Semtex exposves, a shouder-fred rocket auncher, and 11 ppe bombs.
|412|
Semtex s normay used by Md-East terrorsts, usuay beng supped by Russa,
Chna and North Korea.
It seems the connecton goes deeper. Denns Mahon cams he actuay provded
advce to the IRA, encouragng them to murder "top Brtsh offcers and poce
offcas" but avod kng cvans. That statement tes-n to others Mahon has
made, ncudng the dea of bowng up the Okahoma Federa Budng at nght,
when no one was around, and other methods whch "are egtmate to save your
naton."
It seems the IRA may have returned the favor. Accordng to Caro Howe, the
outawed Irsh resstance group supped the detonator used n the Okahoma Cty
bombng. The author s not qute sure why the bombers woud need to go to the
IRA for a detonator, or exacty how such a connecton woud be arranged, but t
seems rather dubous. Snn Fen (the potca arm of the IRA) Presdent Gerry
Adams caed the cam "preposterous rubbsh."
|413|
It may seem even more preposterous n ght of the fact that Adams had won the
potca favortsm of Presdent Cnton, havng been the guest of honor at a recent
Whte House recepton.
Yet Howe aeged that Andreas Strassmer was the key nk between the ARA and
the IRA. Interestngy, the "u+lin Sunday Times reported on |uy 13, 1997 that
Strassmer has ndeed assocated wth Snn Fen:
Strassmer moved to Dubn ast February and s vng n an apartment n the cty
owned by George Maybury, genera secretary of the assocaton of Garda
Sergeants and Inspectors. He has been workng on constructon stes and has
attended Snn Fen meetngs and soca events.
|414|
Furthermore, federa nformant Cary Gagan, who met wth |ones after the
bombng, tod the author he met wth an IRA bomb expert whe n Mexco Cty,
who nstructed hm on the use of tmers. Gagan cams to have been deepy
mmersed n the Mdde Eastern ce nvoved n the bombng. (See Chapter 5)
120
When FOX News reporter Rta Cosby asked Robert Mar f there was any Mdde
Eastern connecton to Eohm Cty, he answered, "No, not that I can even dream
of." Strassmer kewse dened any Mdde Eastern connecton to the bombng n an
ntervew wth the author.
|415|
As of ths wrtng, former ABC 20/20 nvestgator
Roger Chares was checkng a ead that Mdde Eastern ndvduas were ndeed
traned at Eohm Cty. It has not yet been confrmed.
|ust what Andreas Strassmer was dong n the U.S. s not atogether cear. In a
fve-part ntervew n the Tele%ra*h, Strassmer sad that he came to the U.S. n
1989 to work on a "speca assgnment" for the |ustce Department. "I dscussed
the |ob when I was n Washngton. I was hopng to work for the operatons secton
of the DEA," he expaned. "It never worked out."
The former German ntegence offcer was recommended for these postons by
Vncent Petruske, a retred U.S. Ar Force coone. Strassmer tod attorney Mke
|ohnston, who few to Bern to ntervew hm, that Petruske s "a former CIA guy
who my father had known snce he (Petruske) was statoned n Bern durng the
Cod War."
In an ntervew wth New American edtor Wam |asper, Petrusk dened any CIA
connectons:
As for the CIA connecton, "That's totay wrong," nssted Petruske. "I'm a retred
Ar Force offcer, that's a." Accordng to Petruske, he was a speca agent for the
Ar Force Offce of Speca Investgaton (OSI), and retred as a coone after servng
from 1954 to 1975. Was he a frend of Andreas' father? "I've never met hs father;
we've ony spoken over the phone."
|416|
How had Petruske come to know the younger Strassmer? Andreas arrved n the
ate 1980s wth some other German ads for the reenactment of the Batte of
Gettysburg. The German vstors had authentc perod unforms, rfes, bayonets,
etc. and an amazngy detaed knowedge of the batte. But they apparenty had
not done ther homework concernng economc reates of contemporary Amerca
and so were short of cash for vng accommodatons and had no credt cards wth
whch to rent a vehce. That s when a mutua frend put them n touch wth
Petruske, who put them up for a whe at hs home.
Strassmer was "a mxed-up kd, a very mmature 34-year-od when he came over
here," recaed Petruske. "Andy wanted to work for the U.S. government - DEA,
|ustce - undercover. |He| thought hs background wth mtary and German
government woud hep. I expaned he'd need a green card, educaton, and set
hm down wth some peope n Washngton who expaned that t wasn't that
smpe. I thnk he went down to South Carona and then to Texas to go to
schoo."
|417|
In an ntervew wth the Oklahoma ,a-ette, Petrusk once agan attempted to
dstance hmsef from Strassmer. "Ths kd s what we woud ca a putz," he sad.
121
An nterestng descrpton for a former ntegence offcer and eutenant n the
ete Panzer Grenaders.
|418|
Petrusk aso cams that Strassmer's |ob wth the DEA "fe through." Is one
serousy supposed to accept the premse that a man wth Strassmer's
background, nfuence, and connectons came to the U.S. on the off-chance of
fndng a |ob wth the DEA? That he traveed a ths way to run around payng toy
soder for a coupe days? And that Petrusk |ust "happened" to meet hm at a
batte reenactment at Gettysburg?
More key, Gettysburg was a necessary cover-story to nftrate Strassmer nto
the country. Appearng to be a mtary enthusast makes t easer to nftrate the
extreme-Rght. And Petrusk's tae about hs DEA |ob fang through s a "mted
hang-out," |ust enough nformaton reveaed to satsfy nosy |ournasts, wth
enough dsnformaton mxed n to steer them away from "unapproved" areas. And
whe Petrusk sad that Strassmer never got a |ob wth the DEA, he never sad he
didn1t get a |ob wth the ATF, FBI, or CIA.
|419|
Wth hs cover-story frmy n pace, Strassmer then "drfted" nto the far-Rght
crces of the unatc frnge, stoppng ong enough to pck an ordnary |ob as a
computer saesman to further enhance hs mage as an nnocent drfter.
"Andy the German" was now ready to nftrate the neo-Naz cques of the far-
Rght. Wth hs German background and accent, t was easy to convnce whte
supremacsts of hs egtmacy. In 1991 he setted n Eohm Cty, where he
estabshed hmsef as Chef of Securty and weapons tranng.
Accordng to a report from the Okahoma State Bureau of Investgaton (OSBI),
Strassmer traned patoon-szed groups consstng of 30 to 40 ndvduas from
throughout the U.S. every three months at the recusve compound. Accordng to a
aw enforcement source ntervewed by the Mc!urtain ,a-ette, they conssted
prmary of members from the Aryan Natons, and ncuded Tmothy McVegh.
|420|
As the ,a-ette reported:
"Strassmer went out and repaced a our deer rfes wth assaut weapons," sad
|resdent Zara| Patterson. "Next, he wanted us to start dong ega stuff. a ot of
ega stuff. I kept teng Andy that we were defensve here, and we ddn't want
any probems from the aw. Durng the md-'80s, we had a standoff wth the feds. I
tod hm to keep us out of troube."
|421|
Was Strassmer attemptng to nftrate Eohm Cty? "If the agent penetrates the
group," Strassmer sad n an ntervew wth the author, "the frst thng they do s
try to se them weapons." When asked f that wasn't exacty what he dd, he
reped, "I |ust advsed them about weapons, as an experenced soder. That's
what I dd for years and years. I was an nfantry man - I |ust gave advce. But, I
aways obeyed the aw." He then admtted that he "ddn't know the aw. I'd have to
consut my awyer."
122
Accordng to nformaton obtaned by the Tele%ra*h, Strassmer nftrated the
Texas Lght Infantry mta between 1988 and 1989, and set up some ega gun
purchases. They soon suspected that Strassmer was a ATF nformant. When some
members foowed hm to a federa budng one nght, they observed hm enterng
t usng the budng's combnaton key-pad.
|422|
ATF agent Angea Fney-Graham, the agent who supervsed ATF nformant Caro
Howe, had aera surveance photos of Strassmer wth an assaut weapon, and
photos of concrete bunkers at Eohm Cty. In fact, n 1992, some 960 yards of
concrete were transported to the compound, presumaby for bunkers and weapons
storage factes.
|423|
Law enforcement offcas aso receved reports that the compound was beeved to
be generatng ncome through the sae of ega drugs. A source famar wth the
communty tod me that Bruce Mar, Robert Mar's son, was supposedy "strung
out" on Methamphetmnes. Speed s a hghy popuar drug among the neo-Naz
crowd, and was n fact nvented by the Nazs durng WWII to boster the fghtng
abty of ther front-ne troops.
Severa weeks before the bombng, n md-February, the Tusa offce of the ATF
passed on nformaton to the Okahoma Hghway Patroman Ken Stafford, who put
out a BOLO (Be On The Lookout For) on Strassmer:
ANDREAS STRASSMEIR, W/M, 5/17/59, heavy German accent. Back Har/ Bue
Eyes. 1" scar on chn, wears cammo fatgues. Possbe Tennessee drver's cense.
Came to USA n 5/91, passport was good unt 8/91. He never eft the country. INS
says he does not have an extenson of hs VISA. Possby n bue Chevy, ate mode,
tag BXH 346 (not on fe), usuay has someone drvng hm. Carres a .45 auto
psto at a tmes. He s an ega aen, ATF wants to be notfed f he s stopped
and has the gun on hm. They w fe the charges. Contact: Agent Angea Fney,
ATF. Offce: 918-581-7731 (or) Pager: 918-672-2755.
What's odd s that the BOLO was for an INS voaton, not exacty the |ursdcton of
the ATF. Moreover, accordng to a Tusa poce ntegence source, the INS was tod
not to make any effort to focus on vsa voatons due to manpower shortages.
The Mc!urtain ,a-ette, whch uncovered the BOLO, thnks t was put out by the
ATF to provde cover for Strassmer - an ad for hs extracton from Eohm Cty.
The OHP subsequenty typed up the BOLO, whch was eventuay "eaked" to
varous sources, ncudng the resdents of the rura communty. Accordng to Genn
Wburn, the BOLO was crcuated wth the stpuaton that Strassmer not be
arrested.
|424|
Curousy, when Fney-Graham attempted to get a warrant for Strassmer's arrest,
she was stonewaed by the INS. A Tusa poce ntegence source tod me that
Fney "was out to get the whoe pace." Ths fact was confrmed by nformaton
obtaned by McVegh's defense counse durng dscovery.
|425|
123
Ths s aso nterestng n ght of the fact that the INS and ATF had orgnay
panned a |ont rad on the compound - a pan whch suddeny came to a hat n
ate February of '95. As one INS memo stated:
Investgaton pendng - no arrest or warrant as of yet - Northeastern Okahoma
- request partcpaton. Rad - next month.
|426|
It seems the ATF and INS weren't the ony ones nterested n Eohm Cty. As a
report of Fney-Graham's dated February 28 states:
On 22 February 1995, ths agent met wth OHP Trooper Ken Stafford to exchange
certan nformaton regardng ths nvestgaton. Trooper Stafford ndcated that the
FBI aso had an ongong nvestgaton regardng Eohm Cty. On ths same date,
RAC Davd Roberts met wth the Unted States Attorney for the Northern |udca
Dstrct of Okahoma, Steve Lews, to dscuss ths nvestgaton.
On February 23, 1995 RAC Davd Roberts was contacted by FBI supervsor, Marty
Webber, who stated that FBI Speca Agent n Charge, Bob Rcks, woud be
avaabe durng the week of February 27 through March 03, 1995 to meet wth ATF
Speca Agent n Charge, Lester Martz. RAC Roberts then contacted Daas Dvson
to request SAC Martz meet wth SAC Rcks to dscuss the nvestgaton of Eohm
Cty.
|427|
As an nterestng hstorca precedent, |former| FBI agent |ames Rodgers had
deveoped a massve FBI rad on Eohm Cty n 1988, but t was caed off for
reasons that have never been made cear.
One month before the bombng Howe got "fed up" wth Eohm Cty and the ATF's
atttude towards the nvestgaton. "Ange hadn't made any arrests ether," Howe
tod the ,a-ette, "and that was frustratng, so I qut gong out there... unt after
the budng got bown up!"
|428||429|
Three days after the bombng, the ATF's Washngton headquarters pued the Tusa
offce off the case, and the FBI requested them to turn over a ther fes on Eohm
Cty.
The queston s, |ust who was Strassmer reportng to? The CIA? The Tusa ATF
offce, whch has |ursdcton over Eohm Cty, may not have been nformed f
Strassmer were reportng to a hgher authorty, a dfferent agency, or was a
confdenta nformant (CI) on a natona eve.
Strassmer's cover-story that hs |ustce Department |ob "never worked out" aso
smacks of McVegh's story that hs try-out for the Speca Forces ddn't work out
due to a "bster." Perhaps Strassmer - a seven-year German Army veteran -
faed hs ndoctrnaton due to a "nose-beed."
124
In spte of hs vehement denas, Strassmer practcay admtted to the Tele%ra*h
that he was an undercover agent. "The Rght-wng n the U.S. s ncredby easy to
penetrate f you know how to tak to them," he tod the Tele%ra*h. "Of course t's
easer for a foregner wth an accent; nobody woud ever suspect a German of
workng for the Federa Government."
Ths certany appears to be no ordnary sp of the tongue. How woud Strassmer
know the extreme-Rght s "ncredby easy to penetrate" uness he had penetrated
them? Hs statement that 'nobody woud ever suspect a German' s practcay an
admsson that he was dong so.
On February 28, 1992 Strassmer was arrested and hs car mpounded by the OHP
for drvng wthout a cense. When the poce opened hs brefcase, they found a
number of documents, ncudng some n German. There were statements from
foregn bank accounts, fase dentty papers, and a copy of The Terrorist 8and+ook.
Accordng to the tow-truck drver, Kenny Pence, Strassmer soon brought heavy
pressure to bear. "Boy, we caught he over that one," he sad. "The phone cas
came n from the State Department, the Governor's offce, and someone caed and
sad he had dpomatc mmunty.."
|430|
Accordng to Strassmer, the entrety of the story amounts to a par of cops who
were out to harass hm and hs frend Peter Ward (reca that Howe dentfed Ward
as |ohn Doe #1). Interestngy, federa prosecutors fed a moton requestng that
|udge Matsch bock efforts by McVegh's defense team who was seekng
government fes on Strassmer's actvtes. It was eventuay reveaed to |ones
through dscovery that Strassmer hed a tourst Vsa wth the desgnaton "A O".
Nether |ones nor Ambrose Evans-Prtchard, who reported extensvey on
Strassmer, coud earn what the desgnaton meant. The INS dened any
knowedge of ts meanng. Curousy, the entres, whch appeared on a of
Strassmer's INS fes, suddeny vanshed n March of 1996. Somebody had earased
them.
|431|
A tod, these are strange crcumstances for a former German ntegence offcer
- the potcay we-connected son to a top ade n Chanceor Hemut Koh's
government. It seems unkey that ths ordnary "computer saesman" and "neo-
Naz" wth dpomatc mmunty, backed up by the State Department and the
|ustce Department, brought federa pressure to bear n order to have a mnor
traffc voaton ceared.
More key, Strassmer was n danger of havng hs cover bown by unsuspectng
aw enforcement agents. The stuaton had to be corrected, and qucky.
After the bombng, wth the ncreasng attenton of nvestgators, and hs cover
amost bown, Strassmer fed to Germany, takng a crcutous route through
Mexco and Pars - a route commony used by spes. Strassmer's attorney, Krk
Lyons, detaed hs cent's escape, statng that t was aded by Germany's vaunted
125
counter-terrorsm unt, GSG-9, the equvaent of our Deta Force. Curous that GSG-
9 woud assst n Strassmer's retreat. Were they hepng one of ther own?
|432|
To hep mantan hs cover, the |ustce Department questoned Strassmer n North
Carona at hs attorneys offce, then caed hm n Bern to ask about hs aeged
tes to McVegh. "The FBI asked where I was on the day of the bombng," he tod
the Tele%ra*h.. "They wanted to hep debunk the rumors spread about me."
|433|
Why the FBI woud be n the busness of debunkng rumors, uness t s about them,
s uncear. In ths case, snce any tes between Strassmer and the |ustce
Department woud ead drecty back to the them, t seems that s exacty what
they are tryng to do.
|434|*
If Strassmer had any tes to McVegh, or to McVegh's companons, or to those who
had panned the 1983 bombng of the Murrah Budng, the |ustce Department
shoud have served hm wth a grand |ury subpoena or a warrant. Yet a the FBI dd
was ca Strassmer on the phone to "debunk the rumors" spread about hm.
As one aw enforcement offcer tod the Mc!urtain ,a-ette, "We found the axe
from the truck that ed to |uncton Cty and McVegh. Our Hghway Patroman
arrested McVegh. And that arrest ed to Terry Nchos and Mke Forter. Snce
then, nothng n ths nvestgaton has accompshed anythng. But we're tod by
the Bureau that Strassmer and hs buddes are not mportant. Bu-sht!"
|435|
The ,a-ette aso uncovered an ntegence buetn ssued by the Dpomatc
Securty Dvson, Counter Terrorsm Unt, of the Department of State on March 18,
1996 concernng Strassmer's aeged crmna actvtes n the U.S.
The cabe states that Strassmer overstayed hs vsa n 1991 and was known to
have been the mta tranng offcer for a whte separatst group caed WAR.
Ouotng the cabe, "He (Strassmer) has been the sub|ect of severa nvestgatons
for purchasng weapons, and makng the weapons fre on fu automatc.
Strassmer shoud not be aowed to return to the U.S."
Yet ths cabe makes t appear as though the FBI ddn't know anythng about
Strassmer - who was apparenty under the protecton of the State Department.
Was ths another cover poy to protect ther nformant, or was Strassmer workng
for the CIA, who wasn't communcatng wth the FBI and ATF?
Interestngy, the FBI woud cam they weren't aware of Caro Howe's status as an
nformant ether. Durng her |uy, 1997 tra (the resut of trumped up charges by
so-caed the |ustce Department), FBI agent Pete Rcke tod the |ury that he spoke
to Howe n the Sprng of 1996, when she requested protecton, companng that
her cover had been bown. "We were nterested to see f there mght be any
further nformaton we coud gather about actvtes nvovng peope at Eohm Cty
who may have been connected wth the bombng," sad Rcke. Yet the agent
126
nssted he had no dea of who Howe reay was when the FBI raded her home n
December of '96.
|436|
ATF Agent Angea Fney-Graham kewse camed she was unaware that an FBI
rad was panned on Howe's home. Yet as the Mc!urtain ,a-ette reported, ths
premse was destroyed when FBI Speca Agent Chrs Peters took the stand:
After expanng hs roe n the rad on the Howe resdence, Peters was asked by
defense attorney Cark Brewster durng cross-examnaton who he was marred to.
"Angea |Fney| Graham," Peters reped.
|437|
Strassmer's own cover woud fnay be bown when the ,a-ette reported on |uy
14, 1996, that "a hghy-paced source at the FBI has confrmed that Andreas Car
Strassmer was a pad government nformant sent by the Bureau of Acoho,
Tobacco and Frearms to nftrate Eohm Cty.."
|438|
For hs part, Strassmer cams he was at work reparng a fence near Eohm Cty
on Apr 19. Yet Strassmer hasn't exacty hed tght to hs story. Accordng to Genn
Wburn, who has ntensvey nvestgated the connecton, Strassmer camed he
stopped workng when t started to ran, then went home and watched the
bombng on TV. When Wburn checked the weather reports for the area that day,
he found that t hadn't begun to ran unt much ater. Strassmer then camed the
farmer he was workng for was George Eaton, a frend of the murdered Mueer
famy. Later, accordng to Wburn, Strassmer stated that he coudn't reca
exacty what he was dong unt he taked to hs attorney, Krk Lyons.
"Andy has been damaged," excamed Lyons, angry refutng the aegatons
aganst hs cent. "Anybody who puts out the e that he was nked to the
Okahoma bombng n any way s gong to pay for t."
|439|
Lyons cams hs cent had been dragged nto the conspracy by McVegh's defense
team - a poy, he sad, to muddy the waters by pantng a vast conspracy
nvovng neo-Nazs n Europe and terrorsts n the Mdeast. "I ca t the Space Aen
Evs Presey theory, and t's been fueed by nut cases and conspracy theorsts."
Obvousy, Lyons hmsef s no nut case, merey a hardcore racst and neo-Naz.
The smpe "country awyer" marred the sster of a promnent member of The
Order. The ceremony was performed by Aryan Natons "pastor" Rchard Buter at
the group's compound n Hayden Lake.
At the 1988 Aryan Natons Word Congress, Lyons suggested formng an ACLU of
sorts for the extreme-Rght, and attended the annua event n Hayden Lake as
Lous Beam's representatve. Not that Lyons was desperate for cents. He happy
defended the Confederate Hammer Sknheads of Daas, the Natona Socast
Sknheads of Houston, the Whte Vkngs of Chcago, and WAR eader Tom Metzger,
who was accused of nctng the murder of a back student from Ethopa. Lyons
127
aso defended Hoocaust revsonst Ernst Znde, who camed that the Naz
genocde was a |ewsh nventon, and other so-caed "prsoners of conscence."
|440|
Lyons was aso the guest of honor at the Brtsh Natonast Party n London, where
he appauded the Party's stance on whte power, and ke Wam Perce, predcted
a future race war. The erudte, ever-socay conscous attorney was aso quck to
defend Lous Beam, the Texas Grand Dragon of the Ku Kux Kan. Beam fed to
Mexco after beng ndcted for conspracy to overthrow the government. As
dscussed, Beam was charged wth harassng Vetnamese fshermen aong the
coast of Texas.
|441|
Interestngy, when Terry Reed was n Guadaa|ara on behaf of the CIA, workng
wth Over North's "Enterprse," Beam mysterousy showed up as hs neghbor.
Wth the hep of Lyons, Beam was acqutted after hs wfe shot and ked a Mexcan
Federa.
Lyons has kewse vehementy defended Strassmer's roe n the bombng, and
cams he s not a government agent. Interestngy, Lyons arranged Strassmer's
stays n Knoxve, Houston, Eohm Cty, and even Lyon's own home n North
Carona.
One thng that can be deduced from a ths s that Strassmer and Lyons aren't
very good ars.
Accordng to Stephen |ones, Denns Mahon made statements to the effect of, "If a
person wanted to know about the bombng, then they shoud tak wth Andy
Strassmer because he knows everythng."
For hs part, Strassmer cams he's not a government agent. In hs Tele%ra*h
ntervew, he states, "I've never worked for any U.S. government agency, and I've
not been nvoved n any ntegence operaton snce my dscharge from the
German army n 1988. Ths famy (the Wburns) s on a fshng expedton."
Yet n the very same artce, Strassmer admts that the bombng was the resut of
a government stng gone bad - a stng nvovng agents of the ATF. Consderng
the reveang nature of Strassmer's nformaton, the artce, entted "Dd Agents
Bunge U.S. Terror Bomb?" mght |ust as we have been caed "Thank You Andy."
As Strassmer states:
"The ATF had an nformant nsde ths operaton. They had advance warnng and
they bunged t," he sad. "What they shoud have done s make an arrest whe the
bomb was st beng made nstead of watng t the ast moment for a pubcty
stunt."
Asked f he thought the aeged nformant woud ever speak out, he reped wth
passon: "How can he? What happens f t was a stng operaton from the very
begnnng? What happens f t comes out that the pant was a provocateur? What f
128
he taked and manpuated the others nto t? What then? The country coudn't
hande t. The reatves of the vctms are gong to go crazy, and he's gong to be
hed responsbe for the murder of 168 peope. Of course the nformant can't come
forward. He's scared shtess rght now." Before and after ths outburst he kept
repeatng that he was not makng veed references to hmsef.
|442|
When I ntervewed Strassmer, he nssted that he had been quoted out of context.
That statement, he camed, was made to hm by a former ATF agent. "He made
some hnts that the ATF probaby knew that ths was comng down," sad
Strassmer. The source, he sad, was "pretty reabe," athough he was quck to
quafy t by statng that he wasn't certan of the nformaton.
|443|
Referrng to the stng, he sad, "What knd of gves me a bad taste, s that a the
ATF agents were apparenty not n the offce durng the bast, a of them." As to
|ust what the stng nvoved, Strassmer camed he ddn't know. But regardng |ohn
Doe 2, he sad, "For some reason they don't ook for ths guy anymore. That, for
some reason, I thnk s very strange."
|444|
If Strassmer was nvoved n a stng operaton, t may have been to stop the fow
of Naz propaganda emanatng from the U.S. Such nfuences have made ther
presence fet n an unsettng way n Germany n recent years. It s key that the
FBI requested the assstance of the Bundeskrmnaamt (BKA), the German FBI, and
the Bundesnachrchtendenst (BND), the German CIA, to hep gather ntegence
on such groups as Mchae Khnen's Ant-Zonst League, and ther connectons to
both Arabs and Amercan neo-Nazs.
FBI Drector Lous Freeh had announced a |ont U.S.-German ntegence gatherng
operaton on neo-Naz groups as far back as 1993. Freeh pedged to work
aongsde German aw-enforcement to stem the spread of Nazsm emanatng from
the Unted States.
On Apr 20, 1995, the Amercan Natona Socast Worker's Party announced that
the Secret Servce and ATF had been nvestgatng Gary Lauck, eader of the
domestc NSDAP/AO. Lauck, who pubshes the neo-Naz newsetter N0S0 4am*ruf,
had been a ma|or nfuence n Germany and was an ob|ect of concern among
German authortes (German sedton aws forbd the pubcaton of Naz terature).
|445|
It seems that certan nformaton provded by Strassmer resuted n Lauck's arrest.
Wth Strassmer's hep, the "Farm Bet Fuhrer" was arrested n Copenhagen and
extradted to Hamburg. The arrest concded wth ma|or rads by German poce of
NSDAP/AO ces a over Germany.
Lauck wasn't the ony one beckonng young Germans to |on the whte supremacst
movement. Research conducted by McVegh's defense team ndcates that Denns
Mahon traveed to Germany to recrut ndvduas nto the Ku Kux Kan. A vdeo
reportedy shows Mahon n Germany n fu KKK regaa, ghtng a cross. Mahon
129
hmsef |oked that f he was fned the usua 1,000 Deutsche Marks for every tme
he gave the Naz saute, he woud owe 10,000,000 Marks.
|446|
Ony a few weeks before the Okahoma Cty bombng, Mahon receved a phone ca
from Lauck. "Yeah, I got a ca from Lauck sometme before the bombng... He tod
me that he was makng another trp to Europe. I tod hm he was too hot, and he
shoudn't go." Shakng hs head, Mahon says now, "He shoud have stened."
Dd the authortes know Lauck was comng? "We, I dd te Strassmer about the
trp," sad Mahon. (Or dd Mahon te the government hmsef?)
Wth Lauck's European arrest, the NSDAP noted, "U.S. offcas have been dong
extensve surveance of Lauck's contemporares n Okahoma, Kansas, Nebraska
and north Texas. These surveance actvtes were beng coordnated out of the
OKC offces, accordng to our sources."
Interestngy, the newsetter added that "the OKC offce of the ATF had pans to
serve search warrants 'by the begnnng of Summer' on severa we-known whte
supremacsts."
It seems the warrants were never ssued.
|447|
Interestngy, Lyons tod the German magazne Volkstreue7 "There are many spes
wthn |the Kan| and most of ts best eaders have eft the Kan to do more
effectve work wthn the movement.. The man who s many responsbe for the
success of the Kan n Germany - Denns Mahon - has eft the Kan."
Apparenty, Mahon s st concerned enough about hs responsbty to the whte
supremacst movement to have teephoned Germany wth orders to k Strassmer.
Accordng to a conversaton overheard by Cash, "|Mahon| wanted Andreas shot n
both kneecaps and a confesson ected from hm, then hod a 30-mnute tra and
then execute hm."
|448|
Investgator |eff Stenberg takes ths one step further, beevng that Mahon hmsef
may be an ATF operatve. He says the ATF had hm on a charge then dropped t.
"He may have been turned," sad Stenberg.
Obvousy, Strassmer wasn't the ony nformant at Eohm Cty. Mahon, who knew
Guthre, McCarthy, Stedeford, and Langan, had ntroduced hs new-found frend
Caro Howe to the whte separatst communty. It was there that the attractve 24-
year-od daughter of a promnent Tusa busnessman woud meet Strassmer. As
Howe tod the ,a-ette7
"I knda had a reatonshp wth hm for a whe. We taked about reatonshps
once, and he sad he wasn't nterested n settng down wth a woman. A he
wanted to do was bow up federa budngs. It was aso at that same meetng that
130
he shoved hs hand down my dress and I thought, we, he was dong somethng
ese, but now that I thnk about t, I thnk he was feeng for a wre."
Howe aso sad she overheard Mahon and Strassmer dscuss pans to bomb the
Okahoma Cty Federa Budng. As Howe reated t:
"I started gong to as many of ther meetngs as I coud and met a ot of peope
who were very secretve. But sometme n November there was a meetng and
Strassmer and Mahon sad t was tme to qut takng and go to war, and tme to
start bombng federa budngs."
"I reported a ths to Ange."
|449|
Accordng to her attorney, Howe provded teephone numbers, cense tags,
names, famy trees, (ncudng the ocaton and desgn of tattoos) drawngs of
budngs, pctures, and descrptons and sts of ndvduas who were nvoved n
crmna actvty.
In fact, Confdenta Informant 53270-183, or CI-183 (whose neo-Naz hande was
"Freya" and "Lady MacBeth") made over 70 reports to Fney-Graham durng 1994-
95 tme frame. Fney pad Howe $120-a-week to provde the ATF reguar updates
on the actvtes at Eohm Cty, and those of Strassmer and Mahon n partcuar.
Fney-Graham fed her premnary ROI (Report of Investgaton) on Caro Howe on
August 30, 1994. Entted "Whte Aryan Resstance, W.A.R." It states, n part:
On August 24, 1994 ths agent met wth CI-183 n the Tusa ATF Fed Offce and
dscussed n great deta the federa frearms and conspracy voatons of the
Whte Aryan Resstance, "W.A.R.".
W.A.R. s descrbed brefy as beng radca, paramtary, Neo-naz, ant-
government, and voent. W.A.R. has natona and nternatona affates to ncude
the KKK and a racst foowng n Germany..
W.A.R. has severa tranng stes n Okahoma. The prmary tranng ocaton s
caed Eohm Cty whch s n a rura area near the border of Okahoma and
Arkansas n Adar County, Okahoma. The members of the regous organzaton,
The Covenant, Sword and Arm of the Lord ve at Eohm Cty. The The Covenant,
Sword and Arm of the Lord s a separatst organzaton that con|onty trans wth
and exchanges weapons wth W.A.R..
Regardng statements by Mahon that were secrety vdeotaped by Howe, Fney-
Graham wrtes:
Mahon has made numerous statements regardng the converson of frearms nto
fuy automatc weapons, the manufacture and use of sencers and the
manufacture and use of exposve devces. Mahon has stated both the knowedge
and abty to manufacture a range of exposve devces. Mahon ntends to
131
manufacture and use any or a of the above when he deems necessary. Mahon
and hs organzaton are preparng for a race war and war wth the government n
the near future and t s beeved that they are rapdy stockpng weapons.
|450|
Mahon responded to Howe's aegatons n the Villa%e Voice7 "Ths woman has got
some sht on me. They're es. But t's my word aganst hers.."
Some sht ndeed.
It was after Mahon and Howe had a romantc fang-out that the 24-year-od Howe
swtched from beng an avowed whte supremacst to a ATF nformant. A
temporary protectve order was ssued aganst Mahon by a Tusa court n August of
'94 after Howe aeged that Mahon threatened to "take steps to neutraze me," by
breakng her knees f she tred to eave the whte supremacst movement.
|451|
"I was contacted by Denns Mahon after I ordered some terature from ths group
caed Whte Aryan Resstance," Howe tod the Mc!urtain ,a-ette. "He wanted to
have a coser reatonshp than I dd, and ater he threatened me when I tred to
get away from hs group.
|452|
It was after Howe sought the restranng order that Fney-Graham recruted her
nto the ATF. Mahon cams t was Howe-the-nformant who advocated most of the
voence. Depctng hmsef as the fa-guy n the affar, he tod the press, "They
want to drag me nto ths thng and I barey remember even meetng Tm McVegh.
It was Strassmer who was meetng wth McVegh, not me."
|453|
Curousy, Mahon ater sent a vdeotape to McVegh's prson ce expressng hs
vews on the "movement." McVegh's defense team was concerned about the
vdeo, not knowng whether the ntended message "was to encourage the
Defendant to 'sacrfce' hmsef for the eventua '|ustce' of the cause or was a
subte threat ntended to remnd the Defendant that members of hs famy were
vunerabe."
|454|
Whe Mahon vehementy dened Howe's aegatons, the ATF's ROI of |anuary 11,
1995 (three months before the bombng) states, n part:
Durng the Sabbath meetng, Mar gave a sermon soctng voence aganst the
US government. He brought forth hs soders and nstructed them to take
whatever acton necessary aganst the US Government. It s understood that ATF s
the man enemy of the peope at EC.. He expcty tod 183 that they were
preparng to fght a war aganst the government..
|455|
Howe reported to Fney-Graham that |ames Eson aso panned to reconstruct the
CSA. Her report aso stated that Mar panned to consodate hs compound wth
groups n Texas, Mssour, Arkansas and Okahoma to prepare to fght a war wth
the government. Posse Comtatus members from Pennsyvana aegedy ent a
hand by hepng Eohm Cty resdents convert ther weapons to fu automatc.
|456|
132
"These peope have the means and the desre to start a terrbe war n Amerca,"
wrote Howe n a etter to her father n August of 1994. "They must be stopped, one
group at a tme."
|457|
To precptate that war, Strassmer was apparenty wng to procure grenades, C-4
and other exposves.
|458|
Ths s hardy surprsng. In 1979, ATF nformant Bernard Butkovch and FBI
operatve Edward Dawson ed a group of KKK and Naz Party members on a
shootng spree durng a parade n Greensboro, North Carona, whch ed to the
deaths of fve members of the Communst Workers Party.
|459|
Interestngy, the Washin%ton )ost reported how Butkovch "urged members to buy
equpment to convert sem-automatc guns to fuy automatc weapons, and
offered to procure exposves (ncudng hand grenades)."
Accordng to the New 'ork Times, wtnesses reported that Butkovch, a veteran
demotons expert, aso offered "to tran them n actvtes such as makng ppe
bombs and fre bombs," and that "the Nazs take weapons to the |Communst| ray
n the trunks of ther cars."
|460|*
Wth a map of the parade route supped by Greensboro Poce Department
Detectve |erry Cooper, Dawson, Butkovch, and ther KKK and neo-Naz comrades
were abe to seect the most advantageous ste for ther ambush.
Accordng to Stephen |ones's appea bref, Fney-Graham's handwrtten notes
confrmed a report from Howe that Denns Mahon had bomb-makng expertse,
ncudng aegedy expodng a 500b ammonum ntrate bomb n Mchgan fve
years earer.
|461|
Howe aso tod the agents that Strassmer and Mahon cased the Tusa IRS budng
and the Okahoma Cty Federa Budng n November and December of 1994, and
once durng February of '95. Interestngy, Mahon tod reporters that as a
"revoutonary," he woud ndeed bow up the Federa Budng, but do t at nght,
when no one was around.
Shockngy, most of ths nformaton was provded to the ATF +efore the bombng.
|462|
|.D. Cash, reportng for the Mc!urtain ,a-ette, camed to have receved
nformaton from an ntermedary that a source at the headquarters of the Aryan
Natons n Hayden Lake, Idaho, sad that Mahon was "one of the rng eaders n the
group that bombed the Federa Budng." Cash, who ntervewed Mahon on
numerous occasons by posng as a whte supremacst, wrote the foowng n the
,a-ette7
133
And he (Mahon) ndcated that the resuts of the bombng were not as he
antcpated. He fet ke ths woud cause a comng together of radcas around the
country who woud begn a campagn of terrorsm. In retrospect, he fees ke the
IRS budng shoud have been bombed nstead of the Murrah Budng and
probaby shoud have been bombed at nght. The day care center and the kng of
the chdren was havng a negatve effect.
For hs part, Mahon cams he has an ab for the mornng of Apr 19. Yet
Brcktown wtness Davd Snder s sure the drver of the Ryder truck whch sowy
made ts way past hs warehouse that mornng was Denns Mahon. Athough the
drver had ong har and was wearng sungasses, Snder s adamant. He showed
the Okahoma County Grand |ury a vdeo showng Mahon wearng the same
sungasses he was wearng on the mornng of the bast.
|463|
(See drawng)
Mahon, who sad he beeves there were others nvoved wth McVegh, tod the
"aily Oklahoman, "I have never been n downtown |Okahoma Cty|. I am squeaky
cean."
|464|
Interestngy, Mahon aso camed hmsef to be a make-up artst, and descrbed
hmsef as "the master of a dsguses." In a somewhat startng statement, Mahon
tod Ambrose Evans-Prtchard of the 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h7
"I aways dever my bombs n person, n dsguse," he sad mschevousy. "I can
ook ke a Hspanc or even a Negro. I'm the master of dsguse."
|465|
Reverend |ohnny Lee Cary, a reformed Ku Kux Kansman who aso testfed before
the County Grand |ury, tod the "aily Oklahoman7 "There s no mstake that the ps
and chn and faca features |of the man Snder saw| s Denns Mahon n one of
those dsguses."
"He aways bragged he s the master of dsguse," sad Cary, who cams to be an
ordaned mnster n Tusa. Mahon "used to dress up ke Mexcans and Orentas or
ke backs."
|466|
Howe, who was debrefed by the ATF and FBI after the bombng, tod agents
Banchard and Fney-Graham that the sketches of the suspects who rented the
Ryder truck appeared to be Eohm Cty resdents |and Mahon and Strassmer
assocates| Peter or Sonny Ward. She aso reportedy tod the agents, ".no one n
the word ooks more ke the sketch of |ohn Doe 2 than Mchae Bresca." Howe's
report to Fney-Graham stated, n part:
SA BLANCHARD and SA ANGIE FINDLEY, ATF, taked wth SA FINDLEY's confdenta
source "CAROL." CAROL stated she beeves n 1994, she saw an ndvdua
resembng the composte of UNSUB # n a whte separatst paramtary camp
caed "Eohm Cty" (phonetc) (EC). Ths camp s ocated around Stwe,
Okahoma. CAROL knows ths person as "PETE." CAROL has seen an ndvdua
134
named "TONY" resembng the composte of UNSUB # 2. TONY s PETE's brother,
and s not we ked at EC. TONY woud do as hs brother drected however.
When CAROL saw the teevson pctures of TIMOTHY |AMES MCVEIGH, she sad
MCVEIGH doesn't ook ke "PETE." CAROL recaed that she dd see a person who
ooked ke MCVEIGH n a photograph n a photo abum she saw at a 1994 Kan
Ray.
NBC, puttng the offca |ustce Department spn on the story, camed Howe's
reports contaned no specfc nformaton regardng the pot. Yet accordng to the
,a-ette, "Howe was routney poygraphed by the government durng the tme she
was makng her monthy reports. The government's own documents ndcate she
passed, 'showng no decepton on her part n any poygraph examnaton.'"
|467|
As
Fney-Graham testfed durng Howe's pre-tra hearng:
Bre*ster: "Now, you were nterested n knowng as much as you coud about Mr.
Strassmer, weren't you?"
9raham: "Yes."
Bre*ster: "What knd of guns he had?"
9raham: "Yes."
Bre*ster: ''And the knd of threats he made about wantng to bow up federa
budngs? You were nterested n that, weren't you?"
9raham: "I was nterested n anythng I coud fnd out about any voaton."
Bre*ster: "And Ms. Howe tod you about Mr. Strassmer's threats to bow up
federa budngs, ddn't she?"
9raham: "In genera, yes."
Bre*ster: "And that was before the Okahoma Cty bombng?"
9raham: "Yes."
At the tme of ths wrtng, federa authortes were st nsstng that Howe's
reports contaned no specfc warnngs of any pot to bomb any federa budng.
They aso camed that they were ony aerted two days after the bombng, when
they debrefed ther nformant.
|468|
Yet seems Howe's reports were specfc enough to warn the ATF not to be n the
offce the day of the bombng. No ATF empoyees were among the 169 ked.
135
Nevertheess, federa prosecutors st nssted, after Howe went pubc, that the
nformant coudn't have had any specfc nformaton about the bombng, because
she was "termnated" on March 27, three weeks before the attack.
Aso "termnated" t seems, was the ATF's December, 1994 report regardng
Howe's actvtes at Eohm Cty. That report, sources tod The New American,
contaned specfc warnngs about the pendng attack on the Afred P. Murrah
Budng. Had ths report, ke so much of the ATF's evdence concernng ther and
the FBI's atroctes at Waco, convenenty "dsappeared?"
Unfortunatey for the ATF, the records whch show that Howe remaned an actve
nformant unt |anuary 9, 1996, hadn't dsappeared. As Fney-Graham's ROI of
|anuary 31, 1996 states:
It s requested that CI 53270-183 be retaned as an actve nformant. It was
requested by the Daas Dvson offce that ths nformant be retaned as an actve
nformant for the duraton of the Okahoma Cty bombng nvestgaton.
On Apr 22, Fney-Graham sent the foowng memo to Lester Martz, SAC of the
Daas Fed offce:
Ths nformant s nvoved wth the OKC bomb case whch s pendng prosecuton n
Denver and was the key n dentfyng ndvduas at Eohm Cty, whch s ted to
the OKC bomb case.
|469|
In addton to denyng her empoyment wth the ATF, the bureau attempted to
cam that Howe was "unstabe," her emotona state and her "oyaty" to the ATF
beng n queston. Yet once agan, the offca records, whch descrbe Howe as
"stabe and capabe," contradct these cams. As the ATF's ROI of Apr 22, 1996
notes:
|Ths agent has| known CI 53270-183 for approxmatey two years and can assert
that ths nformant has not been overy paranod or fearfu durng undercover
operatons.
As 24-year ATF veteran Robert Sanders tod The New American, "Howe was 'a very
good nformant. She s obvousy ntegent, resourcefu, coo and convncng under
pressure,' and has a good sense for 'the knd of detaed nformaton that s most
hepfu' to aw enforcement and prosecutors."
|470|
Yet the feds woud make every attempt to dstance themseves from ther own
nformant n the aftermath of the bombng. Not surprsngy, ths was the same
ruse the FBI used n the aftermath of the Word Trade Center bombng - pung
undercover operatve Emad Saem off the case two weeks before the tragc attack
(whch he had aso warned them about) then camng that he was "unreabe."
136
Yet the FBI reactvated Saem after the bombng, |ust as they dd wth Howe,
sendng her back to Eohm Cty to gather addtona nformaton on Mahon,
Strassmer, and the others. Her new contract rased her pay from $25.00 per day
to $400.00.
Curousy, nether the ATF nor the FBI offered Howe any protecton. FBI agent Pete
Rcke admtted durng subsequent court testmony that Howe had come to hm n
May of '96 seekng protecton, but he had offered none. In fact, Rcke sad he
ddn't even make a note of ther conversaton.
Not ony dd the FBI fa to protect what the ATF caed ther "key" wtness nkng
Eohm Cty to the bombng, but the FBI went one step further, eakng a
confdenta report to the press. As Fney-Graham wrote n her Apr 1, 1996 report:
On March 29, 1996 ths agent receved a teephone ca from S/A Harry Eberhardt.
S/A Eberhardt stated that the dentty of CI 53270-183 had been severey
compromsed. S/A Eberhardt stated that a report by FBI agent |ames R. Banchard
II contaned the forma name of CI 53270-183 and enough nformaton to revea
the dentty of CI 53270-183 wthout hs/her name beng used. S/A Eberhardt
stated that he had attempted to reay ths matter to FBI ASAC |ack McCoy,
however ASAC McCoy showed tte concern and dened that S/A Banchard was at
faut. S/A Eberhardt stated that he became rate because t was apparent that
nothng was gong to be done n an effort to rectfy the probem or at east provde
hep for the safety of CI 53270-183.
Fney-Graham "mmedatey teephoned CI 53270-183 and nformed hm/her that
ther name had been dscosed and that he/she shoud take every precauton for
ther safety.... Ths agent tod the CI that anythng and everythng w be done to
nsure hs/her safety." It seems the government was fuy aware of the danger
posed to ther nformant, as Fney-Graham's report of Apr 22, 1996 notes:
Indvduas who pose mmedate danger to CI 53270-183 are: (1) Denns Mahon, (2)
members of Eohm Cty, and (3) any sympathzer to McVegh.... Ths agent
beeves that s/he coud be n serous danger when assocates dscover hs/her
dentty.
In fact, one of Fney-Graham's nta reports ndcates that Denns Mahon "stated
that he woud k any nformant." Mahon subsequenty sent Howe on a "nght
reconnassance msson" to a secuded area - straght nto the arms of a back
gang, whose members psto-whpped her and cut her wth a knfe. In what ooked
ke a deberate attempt to rd tsef of an embarrassng nformant, Howe was
provded wth no protecton by the government whch she had so oyay and
courageousy served.
137
When pubc crtcsm and aze a' fare attempts to make Howe "dsappear" faed,
the government resorted to sencng her on phony, trumped up charges.
The "|ustce" Department found t expedtous to ndct Howe |ust n tme for
McVegh's tra, puttng her safey behnd bars. The charge? Compng a st of
bomb ngredents, acqurng photographs of federa offces n Tusa, and usng her
home teephone to dstrbute racst nformaton - a undercover actvtes
commtted on behaf of her empoyer - the ATF. Howe was unanmousy
acqutted.
|471|
Attorney Stephen |ones beeves that Howe was ndcted "for the purposes of
'everage' aganst her n order to keep her mouth shut about what she knows
about the actvtes of Mahon and Strassmer," and her empoyer, the ATF.
|472|
As
the reader w soon dscover, ths s not be the tme the Federa Government woud
seek to sence and dscredt one of ts own nformants.
Perhaps most surprsngy, durng a |uy, 1997 pre-tra hearng for Howe, FBI agent
Pete Rcke reveaed that "Grandpa" Mar was a confdenta FBI nformant! When
asked f Mar had been a source of government nformaton or an nformant,
Rcke reped, "generay, yes."
It now appeared that there were at east three government nformants nsde
Eohm Cty - Howe, Strassmer, and Mar, the ater two who were nctng a war
wth the Federa Government. Add to that the probabty of Bresca, Mahon, and
McVegh beng nformants, and Eohm Cty begns to ook ke one great bg
government-run neo-Naz tranng camp.
Accordng to a former government nformant ntervewed by the ,a-ette, "It s
typca for agences such as the CIA, FBI and ATF to pace mutpe 'moes' nsde a
pace ke Eohm Cty and pay one resource off the other, wthout ether one
knowng the dentty of the other." Federa aw enforcement, even dfferent offces
of the same agency, often do not share nformants' names uness the msson cas
for t.
"The reasons are obvous. Frst, there s no way a aw enforcement agency s gong
to rsk exposng the fe of one of ther assets shoud the other 'resource' succumb
to torture or decde to doube-cross the agency. And, of course, the montorng of
nformaton can best be verfed f nether resource knows who the other s. That's
the ony way ths game works, and t's the ony way t succeeds."
And what of Mchae Bresca? Was he aso an nformant? Gven the cose, often
reveang nature of a roommate reatonshp, t s key that an undercover agent
woud room wth another agent, even f nothng more than one mght overhear the
other takng n hs seep.
138
Strassmer hmsef admtted the dffcuty of gong "deep cover," and havng to
keep your guard up 24 hours-a-day. "If you were an undercover agent," sad
Strassmer, "you have to keep your guard up, you can't get cose."
Is that why he roomed wth Bresca, so he woudn't have to mantan hs guard?
Not accordng to Strassmer: "I woud be very surprsed f he (Bresca) was an
undercover agent. He's a very honest, straghtforward guy."
Strassmer, aong wth frends Peter and Sonny Ward, fed Eohm Cty n August of
'95, after McVegh defense team nvestgators began ookng nto actvtes at the
secretve compound.
Bresca eft Eohm Cty around the same tme as Strassmer, wth hs fanc Ester,
traveng to Canada, and remanng mosty underground. He subsequenty returned
to hs parents' house n Phadepha, where he was actvey sought by the meda.
Curousy, ke hs frend Strassmer, Bresca was competey gnored by federa
authortes for hs possbe roe n the bombng. He was fnay arrested for the
Wsconsn bank hest n February of 1997. Was t a egtmate bust, or dd the
arrest serve to sence hm for hs roe n the bombng as the government tred to
do wth Caro Howe?
Shawn Kenny gave the FBI the tp that ed to the arrest of Guthre, who was
apprehended after a hgh-speed chase outsde of Cncnnat n |anuary of 1997. He
was found dead n hs ce n Covngton, Kentucky sx months ater, on |uy 12,
hanged wth a bed sheet. Authortes qucky rued hs death a sucde. Accordng to
a note found at the scene, Guthre was apparenty feeng guty over hs turncoat
atttude, and ddn't want to endanger hs famy.
"Sometmes t takes somethng ke a sucde to sette a probem," he'd wrtten to
hs attorney. "Especay one that's ke. mne."
|473|
Yet Denns Mahon tod Villa%e Voice reporter |ames Rdgeway he beeves Guthre
was murdered because he had threatened to revea nformaton about the
proceeds of the oot, whch was beeved to have gone to the Aryan Natons and
other neo-Naz groups. Guthre was found dead ony a few hours after teng a
reporter from the 3os An%eles Times that he ntended to wrte a te-a book that
"woud go a ot further nto what we were reay dong."
|474|
He was aso |ust days
away from appearng before a grand |ury.
Wth Guthre's hep, Stedeford was arrested on May 24 at the Upper Darby
recordng studo where he worked as a gutarst, and McCarthy was captured n the
Busteton secton of Phadepha. Thomas was eventuay arrested n con|uncton
wth severa robberes as we.
|475|
Langan was arrested at hs rented house n Coumbus, Oho severa days after
Guthre, n a fusade of buets fred by over-eager FBI agents. The wanted
139
fugtve, who had fred no shots, kened the arrest to an assassnaton attempt.
Another sencng attempt perhaps? (The FBI camed they were warned that
Langan woudn't be taken ave.)
Ironcay, durng hs tra, the sef-styed revoutonary shouted hackneyed phrases
such as "Power to the Peope!" and tod the |udge that the ARA's msson was to
overthrow the government and "set free the oppressed peope of North Amerca."
Except, apparenty, for Backs, |ews, and homosexuas.
|476|
Yet eyebrows everywhere rased when Langan showed up n |a wth pnk-panted
toenas and ong mancured fngernas. Langan's over, a transsexua named
Chere Roberts, appeared at the tra and excamed durng a scene wth U.S.
Marshas, "I can't even tak to my wfe!"
Roberts, who met Langan at a Kansas Cty group caed "Crossdressers and
Frends," caed the neo-macho revoutonary bank robber by hs charmed pet
monker, "Donna."
|477|
In a "recrutment" vdeo confscated durng a search of Langan's house, "Donna"
appears n a back sk-mask, exhortng potenta revoutonares to eradcate a
non-whtes and non-Chrstans from the country, and emnate federa "whores."
"In sodarty wth our Serban brothers we understand the meanng of ethnc
ceansng. To us, t's not a drty word." Apparenty, preoperatve transsexuas were
not ncuded n Langan's targeted popuaton group.
The 107-mnute propaganda fm, entted "The Aryan Repubcan Army Presents:
The Armed Strugge Underground," pays out ke a bad Monty Python skt. Langan
shouts orders n Spansh from behnd a desk festooned wth hand grenades and
bank booty, whe hs "troops" goose-step n the background. "Our basc goa s to
set up an Aryan Repubc on the North Amercan contnent," states "Commander
Pedro."
|478|
The neo-revoutonares aso expound ther phosophy and tactcs, whch ncude,
not surprsngy. bowng up federa budngs. "We have endeavored to keep
coatera damage and cvan casuates to a mnmum," announces ther eader,
"but as n a wars, some nnocents sha suffer. So be t."
The vdeo was competed n |anuary, 1995, four months before the bombng of the
Afred P. Murrah Budng. Langan, for hs part, says he had nothng to do wth the
bombng. "Most of my famy, my sbngs work n federa budngs," he tod the
Washin%ton )ost.
|479|
Yet gven Langan's connectons to Bresca, Strassmer and Mahon, and ther
connectons to Nchos and McVegh, and the group's tes to the voent neo-Naz
underground, t s snguary curous why the FBI hasn't serousy pursued these
eads.
|480|
140
Then there s the CSA's 1983 pot to bow up the Okahoma Cty Federa Budng,
and Sne's strangey fortutous statements about Apr 19, 1995.
What s even more shockng s why the ATF apparenty gnored warnngs from t's
own nformant, Caro Howe. Had they fgured they coud ensnare the bombers n a
hghy pubczed bust?
"Eohm Cty s not a current sub|ect of nterest," a aw enforcement offca n
Washngton tod the Assocated Press, amost two years after the bast.
|481|
Was Eohm Cty of so tte nterest to authortes because t was a government-
nftrated spook center, kept on hand for contngences, much as eements of the
KKK were by the FBI's |. Edgar Hoover?
And what of Iraq's connectons to Denns Mahon? Is ths a sub|ect of nterest? Was
t |ust an nnocent busness reatonshp, or, ke the Syran's offer of fundng to
Robert Mathews, was t somethng more?
:
Teflon Terrorists
In the wake of the bombng, the meda was abuzz wth reports of a Mdde-Eastern
connecton. Reporters were reportng cams of Musm extremsts, and takng
heads were takng about a famar modus operand. Then on Apr 21, ess than 48
hours after the bombng, the FBI announced that they had snared ther eusve
quarry, an angry whte guy named Tmothy |ames McVegh. The foowng day, the
Bureau announced that they had captured angry whte guy number two: Terry
Lynn Nchos.
The manstream meda, havng ther nformaton spoon-fed to them by the FBI,
qucky aunched nto n-depth anayss of the two "prme suspects." A other
nformaton qucky became bured n the great coectve memory snk hoe. It was
as f, wth the "capture" of McVegh and Nchos, a other nformaton became
suddeny rreevant and obsoete. The |ustce Department waved ther magc wand,
Presdent Cnton wnked at the Mdde-Eastern communty, and a the word was
set rght agan.
What remaned hdden behnd the offca curtan of decet however, were scores of
wtness accounts, offca statements, and expert opnons regardng a Mdde-
Eastern connecton. For 48 hours after the bombng, FBI offcas and terrorsm
experts poured forth ther opnons and anayses:
141
Robert Hebe, a former FBI counter-terrorsm expert, sad the bombng ooked ke
the work of Mdde East terrorsts, possby those connected wth the Word Trade
Center bombng.
|482|
Speakng on CNN, ATF drector |ohn Magaw sad: "I thnk any tme you have ths
knd of damage, ths knd of exposon, you have to ook there (Mdde East
terrorsts) frst."
"Ths was done wth the attempt to nfct as many casuates as possbe," sad
terrorsm expert Steven Emerson on CBS Evenng News. "That s a Mdde Eastern
trat and somethng that has been, generay, not carred out on ths so unt we
were rudey awakened to t n 1993."
Former Unted States Representatve Dave McCurdy of Okahoma (former
Charman of the House Integence Commttee) tod CBS News that there was
"very cear evdence of the nvovement of fundamentast Isamc terrorst
groups."
|483|
Former FBI counter-terrorsm chef Over "Buck" Reve tod CBS Evenng News, "I
thnk t's most key a Mdde East terrorst. I thnk the modus operand s smar.
They have used ths approach."
Ex-CIA counter-terrorsm drector Vnce Cannstraro tod the Washin%ton Times,
"Rght now, t ooks professona, and t's got the marks of a Mdde Eastern group."
Av Lpkn, a former Israe Defense Integence specast on the Prme Mnster's
staff, n Okahoma Cty at the tme of the bombng, tod nvestgator Crag Roberts,
"ths s a typca Arab Terrorst type attack."
|484|
It was aso reported the Israes gave the Amercans a "genera warnng"
concernng the bombng.
|485|
CBS News stated that the FBI had receved cams of responsbty from at east
eght dfferent organzatons. Seven of the camants were thought to have Mdde
Eastern connectons:
An FBI communqu that was crcuated Wednesday suggested that the attack was
carred out by the Isamc |had, an Iranan-backed Isamc mtant group, sad a
securty professona n Caforna who decned to be named. the communqu
suggested the attack was made n retaaton for the prosecuton of Musm
fundamentasts n the bombng of the Word Trade Center n February, 1993, sad
the source, a non-government securty professona.. 'We are currenty ncned to
suspect the Isamc |had as the key group.'
|486|
|ames Fox, former head of the New York FBI offce, tod CBS News, "We thought
that we woud hear from the regous zeaots n the future, that they woud be a
thorn n our sde for years to come."
142
On |uy 2nd, shorty after Shek Omar Abde Rahman's surrender to U.S.
Immgraton authortes, the Egyptan |ama a' Isamya (the group mpcated n the
Word Trade Center bombng) ssued a statement sayng that f the Shek was
prosecuted or extradted to Egypt, they woud begn a word-wde terror campagn
aganst the Unted States.
On Apr 21, 1995, the 3ondon Tele%ra*h reported: "Israe ant-terror experts
beeve the Okahoma bombng and the 1993 Word Trade Center exposon are
nked and that Amercan nvestgators shoud focus on Isamc extremsts."
The same day, the 3ondon Sunday Times carred a report that suggested Presdent
Saddam Hussen of Iraq may have been nvoved n both the Word Trade Center
and the Okahoma Cty bombngs:
Iraq was furous wth Amerca ast week at ts Unted Natons move to fo efforts to
overturn Guf war economc sanctons. Ramz Ahmed Yousef, the recenty-
captured aeged mastermnd of the 1993 attack on the Word Trade Center n New
York, was drecty funded by Baghdad, accordng to CIA and FBI documents - and
evdence so far deveoped about the atest bomb ndcates some smartes n the
pannng.
|487|
If those n Baghdad were angry over the bruta and reentess attack on ther
country by U.S. forces durng the Guf War, they had addtona reason for anger
when Presdent Cnton aunched a retaatory rad aganst Iraq ntegence
headquarters n Baghdad. The |une 26 Cruse Msse strke was drected aganst
the compex after an aeged pot was uncovered to assassnate former presdent,
crook, and mass murderer George Bush durng hs recent vst to Kuwat.
|488|
The
rad merey destroyed some of the compex, and eveed about a dozen
surroundng homes, kng approxmatey sx cvans. Syndcated coumnst
Chare Reese caed t "hgh-tech terrorsm."
The Net News Serice reported the next day that the government-backed Al-
Thawra newspaper charged that Cnton had carred out the attack ony to boster
hs "eroded popuarty and credbty... domestcay." Both Al-Thawra and Genera
Saber Abdu-Azz Dour, head of the Iraq ntegence servce, ndcated that the
Iraq government had vowed vengeance aganst the Unted States.
Backng up Dour's cams was former head of Iraq mtary ntegence, Genera
Wafq a-Sammara', who tod the London (nde*endent that the |une, 1996
bombng of the U.S. mtary housng compex n Dhahran, Saud Araba, whch
ked 19 servcemen, "strongy resembed pans drawn up by a secret Iraq
commttee on whch he served after the nvason of Kuwat. He says operatons
consdered by Iraq, but not carred out at that tme due to shortage of reabe
agents, ncuded expodng arge bombs near budngs where Amercan soders
were vng."
|489|
One month ater, the Washin%ton )ost reported:
143
Eary on |uy 6, Co. Mohammar Oaddaf of Lbya ssued a warnng that Presdent
Cnton and the Unted States had 'bundered' n the recent msse attack on
Baghdad, and that the Unted States shoud expect 'a ot more terrorsm' n the
near future. Oaddaf spoke of ncreasngy voent and spectacuar acts to be
perpetrated expressy for broadcast on the natona and nternatona teevson.
|490|
Shorty after the bombng, KFOR, Channe 4 n Okahoma Cty receved a ca from
the Naton of Isam, takng credt for the bombng. Interestngy, the NOI has been
drecty funded by Lbya.
The )ost1s |ack Anderson added that a drect attack aganst the U.S. woud be
unkey, and that counter-terrorst anaysts feared that the ony vabe avenue for
Hussen's revenge woud be through the use of terrorsm. "A preferabe revenge for
Iraq woud nvove havng a 'surrogate terrorst' carry out a domestc attack that
Hussen coud prvatey take credt for.
Accordng to Dr. Laure Myroe, Ph.D., a Mdde East expert at the Center for
Securty Pocy, and an authorty on the Word Trade Center bombng, Iraq agents
such as Ramz Yousef had nftrated the orgna Word Trade Center ce, resutng
n the constructon of a more powerfu, sophstcated bomb.
Dr. Myroe noted that on September 27, 1994, as Iraq troops tested Amercan
resove by preparng a new assaut aganst Kuwat, Saddam Hussen decared: "We
w open the storehouses of the unverse" aganst the Unted States. Two days
ater, $a+il - a newspaper n Iraq owned by Saddam's son, Uday - ampfed,
sayng: "Does the Unted States reaze the meanng of openng the stores of the
word wth the w of Iraq peope?...Does t reaze the meanng of every Iraq
becomng a msse that can cross to countres and ctes?"
|491|
Myroe notes that there may be other Iraq ntegence agents at arge n ths
country, known as "seepers," watng to carry out far more deady acts of revenge
aganst the U.S. One such ce, panted by the Abu Nda organzaton, was
dscovered n 1986. Four of ther Paestnan members were arrested eght years
ater after one of them murdered the daughter of an FBI agent.
|492|
On |anuary 28, 1991, the Washin%ton )ost reported:
If Saddam s serous about terrorzng Amercans at home, there are severa aes
he coud ca on for hep. The most dangerous terrorst Organzaton n the word,
the Abu Nda organzaton, now based n Baghdad, has a rudmentary
nfrastructure of about 50 peope n the Unted States. A of them, accordng to FBI
sources, are under surveance..
"Among the terrorsts who are takng or woud take orders from Saddam," added
the )ost, "are Abu Ibrahm, a poneer bomb maker who desgned the barometrc
pressure bomb that bew up Pan Am Fght 103, and Ahmed |br, who
mastermnded the Pan Am bombng on a contract from Iran."
|493|
144
Ironcay, U.S. nterventons abroad have permtted the entry nto Amerca of
extremst and even terrorst organzatons that have subsequenty ganed
foothods n ethnc communtes across the country. Texas and Okahoma, n fact,
are ma|or centers of Isamc actvtes n the U.S.
Steven Emerson was quoted on CBS Evenng News as sayng, "Okahoma Cty, I
can te you, s probaby consdered one of the argest centers of Isamc radca
actvty outsde the Mdde East."
|494|
Emerson chronced the rse of radca Isam n Amerca n a 1994 PBS documentary
whch showed how fundamentasts had aunched a recrutng campagn across the
md- and southwest. An Okahoma Cty meetng n 1988 was attended by members
of Hamas (Isamc Resstance Movement), Isamc |had (Hoy War) and the Musm
Brotherhood, each notorous for ther sponsorshp of terrorsm. The meetng was
hed ony bocks from the Federa Budng.
As Stephen |ones stated n hs March 25th Wrt of Mandamus:
The Murrah Budng was chosen ether because of ack of securty (.e. t was a
"soft target"), or because of avaabe resources such as Iraq POWs who had been
admtted nto the Unted States were ocated n Okahoma Cty, or possby
because the ocaton of the budng was mportant to Amercan neo-Nazs such as
those ndvduas who supported Rchard Sne who was executed n Arkansas on
Apr 19, 1995..
Secret workshops have reportedy been hed n the U.S., where HzbAah and
Hamas members have been taught bomb makng technques and sma arms
practce. HzbAah, the Iranan-sponsored and Syran-backed "Party of God," s
beeved to be behnd a seres of bombngs n |uy of 1994 that took 117 ves n
Argentna, Panama, and Brtan. HzbAah s the same Lebanon-based terrorst
group that perpetrated the October 1983 bombng of the U.S. Marne barracks n
Berut.
|495|
The most notorous U.S. terrorst ce was n |ersey Cty, ed by Shek Omar Abde-
Rahman, the group responsbe for pottng the destructon of the UN budng and
the Hoand Tunne. Three of Rahman's foowers were convcted for bombng the
Word Trade Center. One of ther eaders, E-Sayyd Nosar, speed out hs pans to
terrorze the Unted States: "We have to thoroughy demoraze the enemes of
God.. by means of destroyng and bowng up the towers that consttute the
pars of ther cvzaton such as the tourst attractons they are so proud of and
the hgh budngs they are so proud of."
|496|
Another nfuenta fgure n Isamc radca crces - Shek Mohammad a-As, the
regous eader of the Isamc Educaton Center n Potomac, Maryand, was quoted
on PBS as sayng:
145
"If the Amercans are pacng ther forces n the Persan Guf, we shoud be creatng
another war front for the Amercans n the Musm word - and specfcay where
Amercan nterests are concentrated. In Egypt, n Turkey, n the Indan
subcontnent, |ust to menton a few. Strke aganst Amercan nterests there."
Whe the Arab underground structure n the U.S. s generay based on the PLO,
not a of ts members are Paestnan. Many may emgrate from Iran, Iraq, Syra,
Sudan, and Lbya, the fve natons most often connected wth terrorsm. Accordng
to former Israe ntegence offcer Wam Northrop, the orgna PLO structure
shfted n 1991, after the PLO/Israe peace process began. As Northrop wrtes:
The Texas Ce s based n Houston and s supported by severa sub-ces, one of
whch s based n Okahoma Cty. Ths Texas Ce was ted nto the Word Trade
Center bombng on 26 February 1993.
The Okahoma Cty sub-ce orgnated wth the Paestnan students who were sent
from varous Arab countres to study Petroeum Engneerng at OU n Norman. (the
current Deputy Petroeum Mnster of Iran s an OU graduate.)
|497|
Ther members may aso come from a broader phosophc meu, and unke the
PLO, have a wder range of targets, ncudng not ony Israe, but secuar regmes n
Musm countres and those states that support them.
Notes Mdde East anayst |ames Phps: "Because they are motvated by
apocayptc zea, and not sober potca cacuatons, ther choce of possbe
targets s much wder and more ndscrmnate than that of other terrorsts."
|498|
The goa of ths new breed of terrorst was not amed at nfuencng U.S. or word
opnon over the Paestnan ssue, but to prove the strength of the Musm
fundamentast cause. As former Daas Speca Agent n Charge Over "Buck"
Reve sad:
"...If you sten to what |the Isamc extremst terrorsts| are reay sayng, they're
not |ust amed at the Israes, they are not |ust amed at the |ewsh state. Ther
goas are competey and totay to eradcate any opposton to Hamas and to Isam
and to move aganst the Unted States utmatey."
|499|
Obvousy, these |ournasts and experts hadn't deveoped ther theores n a
vacuum. The evdence was cear, and the warnngs were mmnent. Aan Denhan
wrote n AS) Newsletter that a |ordanan Integence offca had passed a "target
st" to an Amercan busnessman two months pror to the bombng, and the
Murrah Budng was on that st. Athough ths nformaton s unconfrmed, t makes
perfect sense, snce |ordan has a ong-standng ntegence reatonshp wth the
CIA.
In March of 1995, Israe's Shn Bet (Genera Securty Servces, Israe's equvaent to
the FBI), arrested approxmatey 10 Hamas terrorsts n |erusaem, some of whom
146
had recenty returned from a trp to Ft. Lauderdae, Forda. Accordng to Northrop,
nterrogaton of those suspects was thought to have reveaed nformaton
concernng the pot to bomb the Murrah Budng. "The Shn Bet fed a warnng
wth the Lega Attach (FBI) at the Amercan Embassy n Te Avv as a matter of
course," wrote Northrop.
|500|
On Apr 20, the Israe newspaper 'ediot Arhonot wrote:
Yesterday, t was made known that over the ast few days, U.S. aw enforcement
agences had receved ntegence nformaton orgnatng n the Mdde East,
warnng of a arge terrorst attack on U.S. so. No aert was sounded as a resut of
ths nformaton.
|501|
Northrop aso sad that the German Bundesnachrchtendenst (BND, the equvaent
of the Amercan CIA), aso sent a warnng to the U.S. State Department. That was
foowed by a warnng from the Sauds. "A Saud Ma|or Genera. nformed former
CIA Counterterrorsm Chef Vnce Cannstraro, who n turn nformed the FBI. There
s a 302 (FBI report) n exstence."
|502|
The agent Cannstraro passed the nformaton to was Kevn L. Foust, one of the
FBI's eadng counterterrorsm agents. Ironcay, the nformaton was gven to
Foust on the same day as the bombng.
Accordng to the nformaton obtaned by Stephen |ones, the Saud Araban
Integence Servce reported that Iraq had hred seven Pakstan mercenares -
Afghan War veterans known as the Mu|ahadeen - to bomb targets n the U.S.,
one of whch was the Afred P. Murrah Budng. They aso advsed the FBI that - as
s often the case - the true dentty of the sponsor may not have been reveaed to
the bombers.
|503|
Interestngy, Northrop stated that three Israes were n Okahoma +efore the Apr
19th attack to .kee* an eye on thin%s0. Av Lpkn and Wam Northrop were two
such ndvduas.
|504|
In addton to these warnngs - as we as the mghty armada of U.S. ntegence
agences, anaysts, and surveance technoogy whch woud have undoubtedy
been montorng the stuaton - at east one oca nformant tred to warn
authortes n advance. Hs warnngs went unheeded.
The 2r,g Connection ;nformant
After the bombng, Cary Gagan stepped forward to te |ones that he had been
present at a meetng of bombng consprators ncudng Mdde-Easterners,
Caucasans, and Hspancs whch took pace n Henderson, Nevada.
|505|
In depostons and ntervews wth |ones and n numerous ntervews wth the
author, the government nformant and former drug courer descrbed a number of
147
meetngs at the Sovet Embassy n Mexco Cty. In 1980, the Sovets asked Gagan
to assst them n procurng mtary secrets from Dan Howard, a contact of Gagan's
who worked at Martn Maretta, a arge defense contractor n Waterton, Coorado.
The Sovets had been watchng Howard. Gagan was a frend. He nformed the FBI.
|506|
In |une of 1986, the Sovets agan asked Gagan's hep - ths tme, to assst ega
Iranan mmgrants needng fase IDs. The sma-tme huster and counterfeter met
hs contact, a man named "Hamd" who worked at Stapeton Internatona Arport
n Denver, and secrety recorded the conversaton. He turned the tapes over to FBI
Agent B Maten, and Kenny Vasquez of the Denver Poce Integence Bureau.
|507|
The 51-year-od government nformant supported hmsef by ferryng Cocane
between Mexco and Coorado for Coombans posng as Mexcans, vng n Denver.
It was through hs assocaton wth these Coombans that Gagan met "Omar" and
"Ahmed," n Las Vegas n March of '94.
"They tred to frst pay themseves off as Coombans, " sad Gagan "but I knew
they were Iranans. or Mdde-Easterners. They were mut-ngua, wth bg-tme
fundng.
It was at ths meetng that the drug deaer earned he was to transport kos of
cocane from Mexco to Denver. He nformed DEA Agent Robert Todd Gregory. "I
tod Gregory ths dude ooked ke a banker to me. They had heavy cash. They took
care of me. They had a knds of connectons."
On May 16, 1994, Gagan met hs new contacts at the Western Mote n Las Vegas,
where hs brother worked as a pt-boss. There were eght men at the meetng, fve
of whom were Mdde Eastern, ncudng Omar and Ahmed. "Two of them ddn't say
a word," recaed Gagan, "but they ooked ke Coombans to me - you know,
Latn."
One of the Mdde Easterners was from Okahoma Cty. He appeared to be the
eader. The Eghth man was Terry Nchos. In a sworn deposton, Gagan tod
McVegh's attorney:
9agan: "I met wth some Arabs, and n that group, and I dd not know t at the
tme, but n that group was Nchos."
<ones: "Terry?"
9agan: "Terry Nchos."
|508|
Gagan frst recaed seeng Nchos n the parkng ot of a bngo paror the men had
stopped at. "He was wearng a pad, short seeve shrt and dockers.. I remember
gong, 'That's knd of a drty ookn' dude.' That's a I sad. I thought, you know, he
ddn't ft n the pcture here. He ooked ke a scentst."
|509|
148
The men snorted cocane at the Western Mote and dscussed ther pans, then
drove to an apartment compex n Henderson caed the Payer's Cub. It s not
known whom they met wth. As far as Gagan knew, they were a there to dscuss
drug deang. It wasn't exacty cear what the Coombans were dong wth the
Arabs.
|510|*
Gagan woud soon fnd out though. Omar and Ahmed, who had been payng Gagan
wth counterfet money (mosty counterfet Iranan $100 bs), wanted hm to take
part n a pot to bow up a federa budng n Denver, usng a ma truck packed
wth exposves.
"I was gong to be part of t because I coud move through. because I'm Ango and
I'm a U.S. ctzen and, you know, I woudn't draw attenton.. I'm n and out of that
federa budng every day."
The truck, purchased from a government aucton, was panted to resembe a
workng ma truck. On |anuary 14, 1995, Gagan pcked up the truck at the Metro
Bar & Gr and drove t to the Marott Hote, |ust outsde of Goden, Coorado.
"Omar came out wth me, showed me where the truck was, and sad, '|ust get n t
and drve down I-70, and here's where you park t. And as soon as you make the
devery, make ths ca..' And I gave the FBI the pay phone number sayng t was
there. And I stayed n there and had a drnk - n the bar, and came wakng out,
and the sucker was gone."
Gagan says he taked to the FBI duty agent from a pay phone at 9th and Logan for
over 35 mnutes. "I sad 'Hey, I need you to te what to do here.' And they never
caed back."
In the back of the truck were approxmatey thrty duffe bags of ammonum ntrate
marked "U.S. ma," and boxes from Sandex Exposves |n Las Vegas| marked
"Hgh Exposves."
Gagan boarded a bus and went home. He sad the agents never showed up.
"Can you magne f I'm drvng ths truck and t bows up n the cty of Denver?"
sad an ncreduous Gagan.
Aso n the back of the truck was a Ley farm mxer. Gagan recas that t was
approxmatey four feet hgh, two feet across, and "shaped ke a damond."
Interestngy, ths was the same descrpton gven by wtness Davd Kng. Kng, who
was stayng at the Dreamand Mote n |uncton Cty - where McVegh stayed -
saw a Ryder truck wth a traer attached to t n the parkng ot on Apr 17. Insde
the traer was an ob|ect secured by a canvas tarp. "It was a squarsh shape, and t
came to a pont on top," sad Kng. "It was about three or four feet hgh."
149
In |une, Gagan dscovered pastc exposves n an athetc bag packed wth cocane
he was to dever to Denver. The bag, Omar sad, was to be eft at the Posta
Center, a shppng and recevng facty owned by George Coombo, who aso
operated a Ryder truck easng center across the street. A frend of Gagan's,
Coombo woud occasonay et hm stay at an apartment he mantaned when
thngs got too heavy.
|511|
Thngs were defntey gettng heavy for Gagan. When the casua cocane user
decded to open the bag and hep hmsef to a tte "bow," he dscovered pastc
exposves wrapped n brown paper. "And I'm thnkng, '|esus, how the he dd ths
get by the arport'? So I packed t up, and I'm thnkng, 'I'm gong to the feds,'
because you know. I'm a feon, ths s C-4. I'm gong |down| forever."
Gagan asked Coombo to hod the bag for hm. He then caed the Denver Poce
Integence Bureau and met them at a Burger Kng n Aurora. Gagan sat n the
unmarked car, as hs frend By, a cab drver, watched from nearby.
"I sad, 'Look, there's some C-4.' I'm feeng them out. I gve them some names,
you know, what the dea was n Las Vegas. I te them I'm n contact wth the DEA
- Robert Gregory and a that. They don't say anythng. Ths s |une, md-|une of
'94. They say they' get back to me."
Three weeks ater, after contactng the FBI, the poce caed Gagan back. "They
te me quote, 'Snce you're the source of the nformaton Gagan, we're not gong
to nvestgate.'"
Gagan then caed Gregory at the DEA. Gregory tod Gagan, "Hey, we can't take
you on.'"
The nformant cams he contnuay chaenged the poce and the FBI to charge
hm f hs nformaton was fase. "If a ths was a bg e, they coud have charged
me wth yng, but they ddn't."
Whe the FBI and the Denver Poce were debatng the merts of Gagan's
credbty, Omar pcked up the bag from Coombo and eft.
Three months ater, n September, Gagan was approached by Omar and Ahmed
agan. "They sad 'It's gong to nvove terrorsm, do you have a probem wth that?'
I sad 'no.' I asked them, 'What knd of money are we ookng at?' They sad 'a
quarter of a mon doars.' I sad 'up front?' They sad 'Yes.'
Gagan accepted the money, whch he beeves was pad out of the Ca Carte. "The
FBI knew t," sad Gagan. "They never got back to me."
Were Latn Amercan drug deaers consprng wth Arab terrorsts to bow up the
Federa Budng? Sad 25-year DEA veteran agent Mke Levne: "When you
consder terrorst actons ke TWA 800 (or Okahoma Cty), and you omt any drug
150
traffckng nvovement, t's nsane - t doesn't make any sense.. You know you
take for exampe two years or three years ago the La Banca pane that was bown
out of the sky - t was attrbuted to drug traffckers. I can thnk rght off the top of
my head of another case n Coomba of a pane bown up wth a ot of passengers
to k one person, and probaby many, many more."
Levne, a hghy decorated DEA agent, and the DEA's former Argentne Staton
Chef, tod me that countres such as Bova, Paraguay, and Coomba are fu of
Arabs dong busness wth Latnos, ncudng drug deang. "The frst thng you have
to keep n mnd s that drug traffckng s now a haf a tron doar busness
around the thrd-word," sad Levne, "and t's many a thrd-word busness. The
top drug traffckers around the word have more power than presdents. The
Mu|ahadeen for nstance, whch we supported, were aways top heron smuggers.
They were rated one, two and three by DEA as a source, and they rght now
support every Musm fundamentast movement on the face of the earth.."
|512|
The parae may be more than specuatve. Shorty after the bombng, on May 8,
Tusa poce veteran Crag Roberts receved nformaton from a aw enforcement
source n Texas that "|uan Garca Abrego was nvoved n the bombng as a 'cash
provder' for the event. The source sad that Abrego had sent two Mexcan
natonas to Okahoma Cty wth a satche fu of cash to fnance the bombng."
Abrego was a Mexcan Mafa cheftan nvoved n the cocane and heron traffckng
through Mexco from Guadaa|ara to Texas. He aegedy was the ground
transportaton nk durng the Iran-Contra/Mena affar.
Ths nformaton was forwarded to both the FBI and the DEA who were asked for
each to check ther fes and/or computers, usng varous spengs, to see f they
had heard of such an ndvdua. Nether reped back that they had knowedge and
no further acton was taken..
|513|
Consderng the FBI's apparent ack of knowedge, s curous that Abrego was at
the top of the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted" st snce March, a month before the
bombng and amost two months before Robert's orgna nqury.
It seemed the FBI's ack of nterest n Robert's nformaton was suspcousy smar
to ther ack of nterest n Gagan's.
|514|
What s aso nterestng s that ther frst
effort to dscredt Gagan - a drug runner on the perphery of the Iran-Contra drug
network - concded wth the Iran-Contra affar becomng pubc.
|515|*
"In my opnon, peope were pad massve amounts of dope to carry ths thng out,"
sad Gagan. The nformant's beef that he was pad by the Ca Carte may be
sgnfcant n ght of Robert's nformaton that Abrego funneed money to the
bombng consprators.
Was the FBI's attempt to repudate the Mdde Eastern connecton ted to ther
refusa to ook at the Abrego ead?
151
As Levne sad: "The mnute you start takng about terrorst actons, and you
emnate drug traffckng, we, then. you're |ust not credbe. It's |ust very
unreastc to ook at a stuaton - any terrorst stuaton - and not ook at a drug
traffckng ange anymore. In my opnon, and I thnk there's penty of
substantaton eventhough the government won't tak about t, you can say, ths
vast ocean of money traveng around the word - ega untapped money - pays
for an enormous amount of terrorst actvty."
If the Ca Carte and Gagan's Arabs were connected, and n turn ted to a tentace
of the Iran-Contra Octopus through Abrego, t's ony natura that the FBI - whch
payed ts own roe n coverng up Iran-Contra - woud tend to ook the other way.
In spte of the FBI's apparent refusa to act on Gagan's nformaton, and ther
subsequent attempts to dscredt hm, on September 14, 1994, Gagan was granted
a Letter of Immunty by the U.S. Attorneys Offce n Denver. The mmunty was
arranged through Federa Pubc Defender Raymond Moore.
|516|
(See Appendx)
The nformant was tod to stay wth the group and report back to the Bureau. On
March 17, Gagan met wth hs Arab frends at the Hton Inn South n Greenwood
Vage, Coorado. On the ta+le were the construction *lans for the Alfred )0 Murrah
$uildin%/ +earin% the name J0W0 $ateson !om*any of "allas/ Te#as.
St, Gagan aeges that federa agents ddn't foow up on any of hs eads.
"I knew, when they dd not contact me after the truck. when I was movng
exposves, I knew somethng was up. I knew. I fgured from that pont on, wthout
a doubt, they had a government agent n ths rng. Because they cannot et me do
that type of stuff.
"And then, after the March 17th meetng, I wated for them to contact me, because
I |ust had a feeng that the dude that had come up |from Okahoma Cty| - the
new guy on the scene there - was an agent. The way he acted and taked. I |ust
fet dfferent than I dd around the other dudes.. That's |ust my persona
feeng."
|517|
Dd the feds gnore Gagan's warnngs because they had ther own agent n the
bombng ce and wanted to obtan more nformaton to "stng" the bombers ater
on? Gagan beeves ths s a possbty. Yet whe Gagan had the opton of pung
out, he reazed t woud be too rsky to suddeny dsappear from the scene. Omar
and Ahmed were watchng hm.
On Apr 4, 1995, Omar pued up at the Western Mote n Las Vegas, where
Gagan's brother worked. "Come on," sad Omar to a somewhat started Gagan, "I
want you to drve wth me to Kngman."
The two men then drove to Arzona, where they devered a package to a man
watng on the corner of Northern and Serra, wearng a cowboy hat and drvng a
152
rusty brown pck-up. Coud ths mystery fgure have been Steven Garrett Cobern,
who owned the brown pck-up seen stopped ahead of McVegh when he was pued
by Trooper Hanger over after the bombng? The descrpton of the man matched
Cobern's heght and bud. But Gagan dd not know who he was at the tme, or
what was n the package.
On the way home, Gagan recaed Omar sayng, "we're takng down a budng n
two weeks."
|518|
On March 27 and 28, Gagan made over fve cas to the U.S. Marshas Offce. None
were ever returned. Agent Mark Hotsaw of the FBI's Domestc Counter terrorsm
Squad, tod me, "I can assure you that any nfo was thoroughy checked out..
There are thngs that go on n the background that the ndvdua s not aware of."
But, Hotsaw added, "there s no statutory obgaton to get back to an ndvdua
regardng our nvestgaton and ts status."
|519|
Gagan doesn't buy Hotsaw's expanaton. The FBI's procedures regardng
nformants requre that they be controed and supervsed. "How do you nvestgate
a thng f you don't contact me?" asked Gagan. "So they ether had another agent
or another nformant nsde the group."
Gagan was gettng nowhere wth the Marshas, the U.S. Attorneys, and the FBI. It
was now ess than two weeks before the bombng. On Apr 6, Gagan drafted a
etter and devered t to Tna Rowe, head of the U.S. Marshas Offce n Denver.
Whe Gagan wated outsde, hs cab drver frend dropped t off. The etter read:
Dear Ms. Rowe:
After eavng Denver for what I thought woud be for a ong tme, I returned here
ast nght because I have specfc nformaton that wthn two weeks a federa
budng(s) s to be bombed n ths area or nearby. The prevous requests I made
for you to contact me, 25th & 28th of March 1995 were gnored by you, Mr. Ason
and my frends at the FBI. I woud not gnore the specfc request for you personay
to contact me mmedatey regardng a pot to bow-up a federa bdg. If the
nformaton s fase request Mr. Ason to charge me accordngy. If you and/or your
offce does not contact me as I so request heren, I w never agan contact any aw
enforcement agency, federa or state, regardng those matters set out n the etter
of mmunty.
|520|
Cary Gagan.
Ca 832-4091 (Now)
Rowe dd not respond. When she was confronted by KFOR-TV n Okahoma Cty,
she sad that she had never receved Gagan's etter. (See Appendx)
153
Yet Gagan's frend gave New American edtor B |asper a sgned affdavt showng
that he personay devered the warnng to the U.S. Marshas.
|521|
Accordng to Rowe, the pont s moot, because the coege graduate and former
pubc schoo teacher has a hstory of "psychoogca probems." It seems that
Gagan was sent to the Coorado State Menta Hospta n September of 1986 by Dr.
Erwn Levy, at the behest of the feds.
|522|*
"That was because I wasn't cooperatng wth my attorney," he sad, referrng to a
1986 theft case n Arapahoe County. "You te somebody you're nvoved n
esponage wth the Sovets, and that's what they do, send you down to the |ames
Bond ward."
|523|
Accordng to Gagan, the Coorado State Menta Hospta's Dr. Green pronounced
Gagan sane, and he seemed eve-headed when Representatve Key and I
ntervewed hm n March of '97.
Others thnk the nformant sn't reabe. A frend of Gagan's who's known hm for
30 years tod me he thnks Gagan's "fu of sht," and "not n touch wth reaty."
Another, a Federa Pubc Defender who represented Gagan, tod me, "Cary has an
encycopedc memory, of events, paces and tmes." She sad that Gagan was
"brght |and| we-ntentoned," athough she added, "My gut sense s that the pure
facts may be rght, but I sometmes questoned the ega sgnfcance of some of
t." Overa, she sad she "ked" the nformant.
|524||525|
Moreover, f Rowe's aegatons regardng Gagan's credbty are vad, why then
dd U.S. Attorney Henry Soano grant hm a Letter of Immunty? If the feds thought
Gagan was ncompetent, they had a fu decade of experence wth hm |as dd the
Denver Poce| from whch to estabsh hs credbty or ack thereof.
"If I had a hstory of menta ness," expaned Gagan, "they coudn't take me on as
an nformant."
The feds' opnons may have stemmed from a 1983 ncdent where the nformant
was backsted by the DEA due to aegatons he provded fase nformaton to the
beneft of severa drug deaers. Yet Gagan cams he redeemed hmsef by
obtanng senstve DEA-6 fes that had been stoen from ther offce. Gagan sad
the DEA noted the nformant's assstance on hs record.
|526|*
Then n 1986, whe Gagan was n |a for nsurance fraud, he was vsted by Kenny
Vasquez, B Maten, and two FBI agents: Php Mann and Staney Mer. They
offered to get hm eary reease f he woud work agan as an nformant. Gagan
decned. "They wanted to take me out of |a, and brng me back at nght," sad
Gagan. "I Ddn't want any part of t."
154
In |anuary of 1989, Agents Mer and Mann agan asked Gagan to assst them n a
|ont FBI/Customs counterntegence stng operaton known as Operaton Aspen
Leaf. Ther nterest centered on one Edward Bodenzayer, a Sovet spy whom
Gagan had met n Puerto Vaerta n 1982. Bodenzayer had been exportng
cassfed technoogy to Russa through hs mport/export company.
Fnay, on September 14, 1994, the |ustce Department granted Gagan hs
mmunty. The agreement, prnted on an offca U.S. |ustce Department
etterhead, read |n part|:
Ths etter s to memoraze the agreement between you and the Unted States of
Amerca, by the undersgned Assstant Unted States Attorney. The terms of ths
agreement are as foows:
1. You have contacted the U.S. Marshas Servce on today's date ndcatng that
you have nformaton concernng a conspracy and/or attempt to destroy Unted
States court factes n |redacted| and possby other ctes.
2. The Unted States agrees that any statement and/or nformaton that you
provde reevant to ths conspracy/conspraces or attempts w not be used
aganst you n any crmna proceedng. Further, the Unted States agrees that no
evdence derved from the nformaton or statements provded by you w be used
n any way aganst you....
|527|
In spte of the senstve nature of Gagan's nformaton, and the Letter of Immunty,
"In the perod of one year, from September 14, 1994, to the frst week of
September, 1995," sad Gagan, "not one agent recontacted me, not one U.S.
offca of any knd recontacted me except |FBI SAC| Dave Shepard n Vegas."
Naturay, the FBI dened any wrongdong.
Assstant U.S. Attorney |ames Ason was quoted n the August 12, 1995 ssue of
the Rocky Mountain News as sayng, "Why woud I grant somebody mmunty and
then not speak wth hm?"
When ths author contacted Ason, he sad, "I'm not gong to dscuss who s or
who sn't a federa nformant."
Yet U.S. Attorney Henry Soano, Ason's boss, granted an ntervew wth Lawrence
Myers of Media $y*ass magazne, voatng the nformant's confdentaty
agreement, pacng Gagan n danger. In the October, 1995 ssue, Myers prnted
Gagan's etter whch had been hand devered to U.S. Marsha Tna Rowe. When
Myers reprnted the etter - whch was faxed to hm by Soano - "Apr 6" was
changed to "Apr 1," a weekend, n an attempt to show that Gagan coudn't
possby have devered the warnng. It s not cear whether Soano or Myers
changed the date.
155
Dscharged from a menta hospta n 1980 wth a personaty dsorder, Myers was
convcted of extorton n 1985 and was ater asked by FBI Agent Steve Brannon to
work as an nformant. Myers dened workng for the FBI.
Yet n 1991 he showed up at the tra of Leroy Moody, workng as an "exposves
expert" on behaf of the defense. Curousy, he then turned around and fed
confdenta nformaton to the FBI and the state prosecutor.
|528|
Interestngy, Myers camed to have worked for the CIA n Centra Amerca,
apparenty at the behest of Wackenhut, a CIA propretary nfamous for gatherng
ntegence on U.S. ctzens. Even more nterestngy, he wrote severa books on
exposves for Paadn Press, another CIA propretary, ncudng !ounter+om+/
Smart $om+s, and (m*roed Radio "etonation Techni9ues. One Myers tte, caed
S*ycomm, nstructs readers on the "drty trcks of the trade" regardng "covert
communcaton technques."
Myers aso showed up at ex-spook Chares Hayes' home n London, Kentucky on
the premse of wrtng a fatterng story on the CIA agent turned whste-bower.
Hayes subsequenty wound up n |a on a murder conspracy charge - a charge he
adamanty denes.
Hayes says he thnks that Myers was workng for the government when he came to
Kentucky to wrte a fatterng profe of Hayes for the magazne Media $y*ass, then
prvatey tod FBI agents that Hayes was ookng for someone to k hs son.
|529|
Were Soano and Myers part of a coordnated effort to dscredt Gagan? Sad a
prvate nvestgator and retred Army CID offcer regardng Myers: "I got the
mpresson he was probaby Counterntegence. |ust by knowng these parts. The
peope he mentoned - the peope he knew - tod me that he was probaby n the
C.I.C. (Counterntegence Corps) at one tme."
|530|
Conetta Wamson, an nvestgator for the Tennessee Attorney Genera's offce,
descrbed Myers n court testmony as "a professona and pathoogca ar."
|531|
Myers aso wrote a pece about Federa Grand |uror Hoppy Hedeberg, the ony
grand |uror who dared queston the government's ne. In fact, Hedeberg never
consented to be ntervewed by Myers, who had obtaned the content of a
prveged attorney/cent ntervew of Hedeberg surrepttousy. The nformaton
was then crafted nto an "ntervew" and pubshed n Media $y*ass, utmatey
resutng n Hedeberg's dsmssa from the grand |ury.
It seemed that Myers, usng Media $y*ass as a cover, had managed to put a
government whste-bower n |a, dscredt a federa nformant who had
embarrassng nformaton mpcatng the government n the bombng, and cause
the dsmssa of a troubesome grand |uror.
156
If the feds were so ntent on dscredtng ther own nformant, why had they
granted hm a Letter of Immunty? Not ony dd Soano grant Gagan mmunty, but
the nformant had retaned t for a fu 17 months. If Gagan was actuay
ncompetent, why ddn't Soano revoke the mmunty nstead of ettng Gagan
contnue workng wth terrorsts?
"It doesn't make much sense does t?" sad Gagan.
|532|
It appears that the |ustce Department had granted Cary Gagan mmunty so they
woudn't ook bad. After a, Gagan had aready nformed Dave Foyd at the U.S.
Marshas offce n September about the meetng wth Omar and Ahmed.
The cat was out of the bag.
Gagan beeves he was granted the Letter of Immunty as part of a more snster
scheme - a pan to aow hm to proceed wth the bombng pot unhndered - at
whch pont the Letter of Immunty was revoked.
"What f at that tme I was tod to go n and get mmunty by the terrorsts, and
somebody workng wth the terrorsts. ke the U.S. Government?" sad Gagan. "I
can't get prosecuted, can I? |The terrorsts| knew that they woud gve me a Letter
of Immunty and they knew that the FBI woud cut me oose. So what's that enabe
them to do? If there needs to be somethng moved, and I'm the one that's movng
t, I can't be prosecuted. I can hau as much sht as I want, and I have mmunty, as
ong as I ca the FBI, and et them know."
As a Forda poce detectve who's nvestgated connectons between Arab-
Amercans, the PLO, and the Ca Carte tod me, "Who has the best route for
gettng somethng across? Drug deaers."
|533|
Was Cary Gagan part of some snster pot by the feds? Or was he merey used as a
"mue," aowng the terrorsts to move money, drugs, and exposves whe another
government agent montored the stuaton from wthn? Perhaps the new man from
Okahoma Cty who appeared on the scene n March?
Was Cary Gagan a "throwaway?"
Reca that Gagan had transported a duffe-bag fed wth C-4 and cocane, and
had drven a truck aden wth exposves across the state at the behest of hs
terrorst frends. He cams the FBI dd nothng to stop hm.
"You got to understand somethng here," sad Gagan. "Federa aw *rohi+its me
from dong what I was dong. You cannot go out as an nformant - I'm not an
agent - I cannot take drugs and exposves from pont A to pont B.."
Yet t seems that permttng the nformant to commt such ega acts woud focus
more ght on the government's roe - whether t nvoved foreknowedge or an
157
actua conspracy - as Gagan began to go pubc wth hs story. But Gagan, who
beeves he was schedued to be "termnated" after the bombng, dsagrees. The
nformant dspayed medca records showng that he was bady beaten, and cams
to have been the vctm of a drve-by shootng.
|534|
Whatever the case, t s nterestng to note that authortes aeged that the
bombng conspracy began n September of 1994, the same month that Gagan
receved hs Letter of Immunty and began nformng the FBI.
On Apr 10, four days after he devered the warnng etter to Tna Rowe, Gagan
receved a note nstructng hm to appear at the aw brary of the U.S. Courthouse.
"I |ust gave the U.S. Marshas a bombng warnng," sad Gagan. "They ddn't ca
me back. I had to go somewhere to cover my ass. I came back, I got a note sayng,
'We need to see you; come to the U.S. Law Lbrary.' I thought t was the U.S.
Marshas or the FBI."
When Gagan arrved at the aw brary, he met hs contact: an "athetc ookng
dude, 40s, short har," dressed n a bue Nke cap and |umpsut. "I get there and
say, 'Hey, you got the sht?' He sad, 'Hey, we've got everythng taken care of. We
need you to do ths..'"
The man was not one of Gagan's Arab frends. "He was government," sad Gagan.
"He was probaby CIA."
The mysterous fgure asked Gagan to drve a traer to |uncton Cty, Kansas. In the
traer was the same Ley mxer that Gagan had drven to Goden on |anuary 14.
Ths mxer - the one that was drven to the Marott at the behest of an Arab
terrorst - was now on ts way to |uncton Cty at the request of a government
agent!
The date was now Apr 11, three days before Tmothy McVegh checked nto the
Dreamand Mote n |uncton Cty. As prevousy mentoned, Davd Kng, who was
stayng at the Dreamand, recaed seeng a Ryder truck wth a traer attached to t
n the parkng ot on Apr 17. The traer contaned a "squarsh ob|ect about three
or four feet hgh that came to a pont on top," secured by a canvas tarp. Ths was
the exact descrpton Gagan gave of the Ley mxer.
|535|
On Apr 13 Gagan drove to Okahoma Cty, he sad, to case the Murrah Budng.
Three days ater, Gagan says he drove a van from Denver to Trndad, Coorado,
that was pcked up by Omar and Ahmed.
Accordng to Gagan, t wasn't unt three months after the bombng, n |uy of '95,
that Las Vegas FBI Agent Dave Shepard agreed to meet hm. "We're sttng n the
car behnd the Sahara, and Shepard tes me we're not nterested n pursung the
ead."
|536|*
158
That ead - was the two Arab suspects seen runnng from the Murrah Budng
towards a ate mode brown Chevy pck-up mnutes before the bast - the same
suspects that the FBI had ssued an A Ponts Buetn (APB) for on Apr 19:
".Mdde-Eastern maes 25-28 years of age, sx feet ta, athetc bud, Dark har
and a beard - dark har and a beard. Break."
|537|
"And these two Mdde Eastern dudes that were seen runnng from the scene -
that's the same descrpton I had gven," sad Gagan. "Gray n the beard, you know
- Omar and Ahmed - to the FBI. on September 14."
Gagan had provded that nformaton to the FBI si# months +efore the bombng.
After the bombng, Gagan contacted Soano and sad, "Isn't that amazng. You
know, these are the |same| two dudes.."
In a etter to Gagan dated February 1, 1996, Soano and Ason wrote:
Attempts by federa aw enforcement offcers to meanngfuy corroborate
nformaton you have aeged to be true have been unsuccessfu.... Therefore, the
mmunty granted by the etter of September 14, 1994 s hereby revoked..
You are warned that any statement you make whch woud ncrmnate you n
ega conduct, past, present or future can be used aganst you. You are no onger
protected by the mmunty granted by etter on September 14, 1994.
Reca that after ATF nformant Caro Howe had reveaed that her knowedge of the
bombng pot was reported to federa authortes +efore Apr 19, they tred to
dscredt her, camng that she was "unstabe," |ust as they had done wth Gagan.
Whe they revoked Gagan's Letter of Immunty, they ndcted Howe on spurous
charges.
Howe aso reported a subsequent bombng pot by neo-Naz actvsts, but, ke
Gagan's warnngs both before and after the bombng, she camed her cas weren't
returned.
|538|
Interestngy, Howe was aso tod by her ATF hander, Angea Fney-Graham, not to
report her nformant payments, and was ed to beeve that her debrefngs were
not beng taped when they were. Both are a voaton of C.I. (Confdenta
Informant) procedures. Was ths a way to dscredt Howe n case they needed to
dstance themseves from her ater, as they attempted to do wth Gagan?
One year ater, Gagan fed a awsut aegng that numerous federa offcas had
faed to uphod ther agreement wth hm; faed to exercse proper procedures n
regards to the handng of an nformant; faed to nvestgate a terrorst conspracy
aganst the Amercan peope; faed to warn the pubc; and faed to propery
nvestgate the crme after t occurred.
159
It s not surprsng that offcas woudn't take Gagan's warnng serousy. On
December 5, 1988, a Paestnan named Samra Mahayoun warned authortes n
Hesnk that a Pan Am 747 eavng Frankfort was to bombed wthn two weeks.
|539|
Two weeks ater, on December 21, Pan Am fght 103 was bown out of the skes by
a terrorst's bomb. Two hundred and ffty-nne peope punged to ther deaths over
Lockerbe, Scotand, and 11 more ded on the ground.
State Department offca Frank Moss ater caed Mahayoun's warnng a "goush
concdence." Mahayoun, they camed, was |ust not credbe.
|540|*
Demonstratng the mts of absurdty the government w go to n order to cover
up ts compcty and neggence, the U.S. Marshas Servce was st nsstng -
after 169 peope ay dead n Okahoma - that Cary Gagan was st not credbe.
|541|*
Yet ths s not the frst tme the government has gnored vabe warnngs. Pror to
the Word Trade Center bombng, the FBI's pad nformant, Emad E Saem, had
penetrated Shek Omar Abde-Rahman's |ama a Isamya and had warned the FBI of
ther pans. The agent n charge of the case, |ohn Antcev, dsmssed the former
Egyptan Army Coone's warnngs, cang hm "unreabe." On February 26, 1993,
a arge bomb detonated underneath the twn towers, kng sx peope and n|urng
1,000 more.
At the same tme as "unreabe" peope ke Cary Gagan were warnng federa
authortes n Denver about the pendng attack, The Star 3ed%er, a Newark, New
|ersey newspaper, was reportng:
U.S. aw enforcement authortes have obtaned nformaton that Isamc terrorsts
may be pannng sucde attacks aganst federa courthouses and government
nstaatons n the Unted States.
The attacks, t s feared, woud be desgned to attract wordwde press attenton
through the murder of nnocent vctms. The Star 3ed%er has earned that U.S. aw
enforcement offcas have receved a warnng that a "fatwa," a regous rung
smar to the death sentence targetng author Saman Rushde, has been ssued
aganst federa authortes as a resut of an ncdent durng the tra ast year of
four persons n the bombng on the Word Trade Center n New York.
The dscosure was made n a confdenta memorandum ssued by the U.S.
Marshas Servce n Washngton cang for stepped-up securty at federa factes
throughout the naton..
Accordng to the source, Iranan-supported extremsts have made t cear that
steps are beng taken to strke at the "Great Satan," a phrase that has been used
to descrbe the Unted States.
160
Even more strenuous securty precautons are beng taken n New York, where 12
persons, ncudng the bnd fundamentast Shek Omar Abde-Rahman, are
currenty on tra on charges of consprng to wage a war of urban terrorsm aganst
the Unted States by bowng up the Unted Natons, FBI headquarters and the
tunnes between New York and New |ersey.
The memo, ssued by Eduardo Gonzaes, drector of the 20S0 Marshals Serice,
warns that attacks may be desgned to "target as many vctms as possbe and
draw as much meda coverage as possbe" to the fundamentast cause.
The terrorsts, possbe sucde bombers, w not engage n negotatons," the
memo warned, and sad "once the press s on the scene, the new pans ca for
bowng everyone up.
|542|
If that ast statement s true, t coud expan the presence of a box of exposves
found n the Murrah Budng wth a tmer on t set for ten mnutes after nne. The
nta bomb(s) bew up at two mnutes after nne.
The U.S. Marsha's Servce - the federa agency charged wth the task of
protectng federa factes - had cear warnng from at east two dfferent
undercover nformants. Why then was there no securty at the Murrah Budng on
Apr 19?
It was aso reported that the Israes, the Sauds, and the Kuwats a warned the
U.S. about an mpendng attack. Whatever the U.S. Marshas Servce fet about
Cary Gagan's warnng, Gonzaes apparenty fet hs other sources were reabe
enough to ssue a naton-wde aert. Perhaps that memo, ke the one ssued by the
FBI n 1963 to ts fed offces warnng of an attempt on the fe of Presdent
Kennedy, |ust "dsappeared."
/ Trail of Witnesses
On Apr 19, Abraham Ahmed, a |ordanan, was detaned by authortes as a
possbe bombng suspect as he attempted to fy from Okahoma Cty to Amman,
|ordan. Amercan Arnes personne observed Ahmed "actng nervous," pror to hs
fght, and notfed securty personne, who n turn notfed the FBI.
Agents detaned Ahmed n Chcago, where the Okahoma Cty resdent expaned
that he was on hs way to hs father's weddng, and was schedued to return to the
U.S. n |uy.
Yet Ahmed's story changes. He tod reporters aternatey that he had gone back to
|ordan: a) for a weddng, b) to bud a house, c) to repace the youngest son who
had moved out, and d) to attend to a famy emergency.
161
After beng questoned for sx hours, the FBI aowed Ahmed to contnue on hs
way. Yet he was detaned n London the foowng day, where he was questoned
for another fve hours, then handcuffed and put on the next pane back to the U.S.
In the meantme, Ahmed's uggage contnued on to Rome, where authortes
dscovered a sutcase fu of eectronc equpment, ncudng two car rados, scon,
soder, sheded and unsheded wre, a sma too kt, and, ncredby enough, a
photo abum wth pctures of weapons and msses! Securty sources at London's
Heathrow Arport aso sad that a par of bue |oggng suts and a tmng devce was
found n one of hs bags.
|543|
When asked what he was dong wth these tems, Ahmed expaned that they were
for hs reatves n |ordan, who coud not obtan good-quaty eectrca components.
Ahmed aso had a bue |oggng sut smar to what a Mdde-Eastern suspect was
wearng at the Murrah Budng on the mornng of the bast. Accordng to an
account n the 3ondon Tele%ra*h, Ahmed was reportedy n Okahoma Cty on
Wednesday - the day of the bombng.
|544|
If Ahmed had been ceared by U.S. authortes for the worst domestc terrorst
attack n U.S. hstory, why dd Brtsh authortes refuse to aow hm nto the
country? Dd they know somethng the U.S. dd not?
The |ustce Department's Car Stern downpayed the breakthrough sayng ony,
"There are a number of good, sod eads n ths nvestgaton."
|545|
Yet n FBI agent Henry Gbbons' affdavt, speca menton was made of the tems n
Ahmed's sutcase, and hs concdenta Apr 19, 10:43 a.m. departure tme, and
Gbbons stated he consdered Ahmed's testmony n front of the Federa Grand |ury
vta.
One FBI source ntervewed by KFOR's |ayna Davs admtted that he ddn't thnk
Ahmed was teng the truth on a poygraph test. Yet Ahmed was smpy aowed to
go on hs way, and ke so many other suspects and wtnesses, was never caed
before the grand |ury.
Interestngy, the Mdde Eastern communty was apoogzed to by Presdent
Cnton. Ths s very nterestng comng from a presdent that faed to apoogze to
Randy Weaver, the Branch Davdans, and the thousands of peope wrongy
accused, mprsoned and murdered each year by U.S. aw-enforcement personne.
A possbe expanaton may be found n the bombng of Pan Am 103. In February of
1989, a prme suspect n the case, |ordanan bomb maker Marwan Kreeshat,
admtted n a statement provded by |ordanan ntegence that he had
manufactured at east fve hghy sophstcated, powerfu bombs for PFLP-GC
(Popuar Front for the Lberaton of Paestne-Genera Command) eader Ahmed
|br, by cevery conceang them n portabe rados - the same type whch
destroyed fght 103. |ordanan ntegence offcas, who have mantaned a cose,
162
ong-standng reatonshp wth the CIA, admtted that the |ordanan natona was
actuay an undercover agent, and was aso an asset of U.S. ntegence.
|546|
Coud ths expan why the FBI reeased Ahmed?
|547|
Tayor |esse Cear, a retred State Department Counter-Terrorsm expert who has
studed the case, dsagrees wth ths anayss. Cear beeves that Ahmed's
conspcuousy tmed departure, compete wth nervous act and a sutcase fu of
eectronc gear, was a dverson. "They wanted to nocuate the meda to the Arab
connecton," expaned Cear. Lettng Ahmed get caught wth a sutcase fu of that
stuff, then dscoverng he was nnocent, nocuated everybody to the Mdde
Eastern connecton. Then they coud come back, beat ther chests, and say, 'ook
what you dd to the Arab communty.'"
|548|*
Yet the brown Chevy pck-up seen speedng away from the Murrah Budng was
traced to an Okahoma Cty busness run by a Paestnan, wth possbe PLO tes.
That man. s a good frend of Abraham Ahmed's. Accordng to a wtness who
worked for the Paestnan, Ahmed was seen drvng the pck-up n the weeks
before the bombng.
Numerous wtnesses aso pace McVegh n Okahoma Cty n the days before the
bombng wth a frend of Ahmed's - an Iraq - a man who bares a strong
resembance to the mysterous, stoc passenger seen n the Ryder truck by Mke
Moroz on the mornng of Apr 19 at |ohnny's Tre Store.
KFOR reporters Brad Edwards and |ayna Davs broke the story on |une 7, 1995 wth
a seres of ntervews wth wtnesses who saw McVegh wth the Iraq, frst n a bar,
then n a restaurant, then n a pawn shop.
One of the wtnesses, a barmad at the Roadrunner Tavern on South May Avenue,
saw McVegh buyng beer for the man on Saturday, Apr 15. "He was dark, knd of
muscuar, he had on a ba cap," sad the barmad. "He taked ke they do over n
Iran or Iraq, or whatever durng Desert Storm, when you woud hear the way they
taked on TV."
When Davs asked her how sure she was that the man they had been trackng was
the man she saw wth McVegh, she reped, "I'm sure."
The tavern owner aso saw the Iraq a few days after the bombng. He pcked hm
out from a group of photos. Whe the Iraq camed he was never n any bar on NW
10th Street, a co-worker ntervewed by KFOR sad he had drank wth hm at a bar
on NW 10th and Indana, and n fact he was arrested for drvng under the
nfuence around the corner, at NW 8th and Backweder n eary |une.
|549|
In another ntervew, three women who worked at a pawnshop stated that McVegh
and two other men came nto ther shop twce: ".on Apr 14 and agan on Apr
17, |ust two days before the bombng."
163
"It had to have been McVegh," sad the pawn shop owner. "If t was not McVegh, t
was hs twn brother."
"They spoke n a foregn anguage," sad one of the pawn shop empoyees. "They
hudded together and they a three spoke secretvey to one another, and t was a
foregn anguage."
A restaurant owner down the street aso remembered McVegh and the Iraq.
"|McVegh acted| ke a contractor comng n and buyng hs hand unch, that was
the mpresson I had," recaed the propretor.
As prevousy mentoned, restaurant worker Physs Kngsey recaed a Ryder truck
pung nto the H Way Gr at SW 104 and Portand on Apr 16. Accompanyng the
truck was a whte ong-bed Chevy pck-up, and a darker pck-up, possby bue or
brown. She recas Tmothy McVegh strong n and orderng two "trucker burgers"
and fres to go. Accompanyng McVegh was a short, stocky man of about 5'2",
ether Mexcan or Amercan Indan (or Arabc) descent, wth back, cury har. She
sad the man cosey resembed the FBI sketch of |ohn Doe 2, but wth sghty
thnner features. Kngsey recaed that the man spoke brefy wth McVegh.
|550|
Watress Lnda Kuhman descrbed hm as havng straghter har and beng sghty
taer. She descrbed hm as wearng green army fatgue pants and a whte t-shrt.
Kuhman, who grew up around trucks and hot-rods, s postve that one of the
trucks was a Chevy ong-bed, most key an '87 mode. When shown photos,
ncudng the Iraq and Mchae Bresca, they came cose to pckng out the Iraq,
but coud not postvey dentfy ether man. The passenger n the Ryder truck, they
sad, a man wth ongsh wavy, permed-out brown or drty bond har and gasses,
never got out.
|551|
Denns |ackson, a VA worker, recaed seeng two or three Arabc men n the
Murrah Budng the foowng day, Apr 17. "There was a dstnct ar about them,"
recas |ackson. "We were workng ate that day, the offce had cosed, and they
were |ust knd of hangng around the Soca Securty offce. I thought that was knd
of unusua. They mght have been there for Soca Securty, but I hardy thnk so."
|ackson's co-worker Crag Freeman recaed one of the men as a short, stocky
Arabc man, about 5' 2'', 150 pounds, wearng khak mtary stye pants, combat
boots and a whte T-shrt - the same combnaton seen on the Mdde Eastern
suspect descrbed by Lnda Kuhman.
In a bzarre twst, a whte Chevy pck-up showed up a Freeman's house severa
days after the bombng. Freeman recas a Caucasan ookng man n the truck,
whch was parked near hs house on two consecutve days. "It was rght before and
rght after the FBI and OSBI (Okahoma State Bureau of Investgaton) came and
ntervewed me," recas Freeman. "I coud te ths guy was watchng me because
164
when I waked by, he sort of turned away and hd hs face. I'm a former Ar Force
Master Sergeant and a thrd degree back bet, and I'm traned to be observant."
|552|
Coud the man Freeman saw have been there to ntmdate hm?
The barmad at the Road Runner Tavern aso tod KFOR's Brad Edwards that after
her ntervew ared, the Iraq pued up by the open back door of the tavern and
stared menacngy at her. What s nterestng s that the Iraq's Paestnan boss
owns a whte pck up truck - a Nssan, however, not a Chevy. Freeman and Lnda
Kuhman are postve the truck they saw was a Chevy.
Yet another wtness to a post-bombng ncdent nvovng the Paestnan camed
that he aso was foowed by the man, who was drvng a whte pck-up.
Back n |uncton Cty, the manager of the Great Western Inn was watchng TV wth
two reporters when the sketch of |ohn Doe 2 fashed on the screen. The manager
mmedatey recognzed the man as the person who had stayed n room 107 on
Apr 17. "He spoke broken Engsh," sad the manager. "|He| gave a foregn name
and was drvng a Ryder truck."
The man's name woud never be reveaed, however, because the FBI confscated
the hote's og book.
|553|
Severa months ater, Newsweek reporter Lese |orgensen uncovered nformaton
that severa men had stayed at the Radsson Inn n Okahoma Cty the day before
the bombng. The men were dressed n Arab garb, but accordng to an empoyee,
were not Arabs. At the same tme, phone cas were paced from the Radsson to
one of Tmothy McVegh's frends - a man n Idaho assocated wth the Aryan
Repubcan Army.
A few days earer, across town, two men had checked nto the Paza Inn. They tod
desk cerk Tffany Harper they were Spansh vstors from Mexco. But Harper
thought they were Arabs because of the way they taked.
Accordng to empoyee Ruby Foos, another man checked nto the mote a day or
two ater, went to hs room, then emerged wearng fowng Arab robes. As far as
Foos coud te, the man was not connected wth the other two men.
|554|
Whe t may not be unusua for Arab-garbed ndvduas to be n Okahoma due to
ts connecton wth the o ndustry, Dougas Boyer, the securty guard at the Paza,
sad a yeow Ryder truck was parked out front. A of the men checked out a day or
two before the bombng.
Interestngy, two Mdde Eastern men were spotted drvng from Okahoma Cty to
Daas mmedatey after the bombng. The men stopped to ask drectons from an
Okahoma Hghway Patroman. When the offcer ran ther pate, he dscovered that
t ddn't match the vehce. The pate beonged to a rented bue Chevy Cavaer,
165
whch was ater found at a mote n Okahoma Cty. The drver of that vehce, Asad
R. Sddqy, a cab drver from Oueens, aong wth the other two men, Ans Sddqy
and Mohammed Chaf, were taken nto custody.
|555|
Whe the men were utmatey questoned and reeased, a bue Chevy Cavaer
woud be spotted by a wtness n downtown Okahoma Cty - aong wth a Ryder
truck, a yeow Mercury, and a brown Chevy pck-up - the other vehces n the
bombng convoy.
On the mornng of the bast, a woman was rdng the eevator n the Murrah
budng, when she notced a young Arab man wearng a backpack, hurredy
pushng the buttons as f tryng to get off. As prevousy mentoned, she foowed
hm outsde, not suspectng anythng was amss. Moments ater, she was sent
sprawng to the sdewak as the budng bew up behnd her.
Gary Lews, a pressman for the Journal Record newspaper, had |ust stepped
outsde to smoke hs ppe when he remembered he had eft somethng n hs car.
As he waked down the aey, a yeow Mercury peeed away from ts spot near the
Murrah Budng, |umped a concrete barrcade, swerved to avod httng a
dumpster, then bore down on hm, forcng hm up onto the curb. Lews got a good
ook at the drver, descrbng hm as one Tmothy |ames McVegh, and hs
passenger as resembng the sketch of |ohn Doe 2. He sad the car had an
Okahoma tag whch was dangng by one bot.
Severa mnutes ater, Lews was thrown to the foor as the Journal Record budng
rocked wth the mpact of the bast. As he pcked hmsef up, another, more
powerfu exposon sent hm sprawng agan. As he and hs feow workers rushed
outsde, he notced a pecuar sght: an Arab man standng nearby, starng at the
Federa Budng, grnnng from ear to ear.
"It unnerved me," sad Lews, who descrbed how the man seemed out of pace
among the throng of battered and boody peope. He seemed "enraptured."
As dscussed earer, another wtness saw two men runnng from the area of the
Federa Budng toward a brown Chevy truck |ust pror to the bast. The wtness
descrbed the two men as "maes, of possbe Mdde-Eastern descent,
approxmatey sx feet ta, wth athetc buds." One of the men was descrbed as
approxmatey 25-28 years od, havng dark har and a beard. The second person
was descrbed as 35-38 years od, wth dark har and a dark beard wth gray n t -
the same descrpton Cary Gagan gave. He was descrbed as wearng bue |oggng
pants, a back shrt, and a back |oggng |acket. The wtness aso descrbed a thrd
person n the pck-up.
|556|
Was ths the same pck-up seen by Leonard Long and hs daughter? Long was
drvng east on 5th Street at approxmatey 8:00 a.m. when he was forced to
swerve out of the way by a erratcay-drven brown pck-up wth tnted wndows.
As the truck pued up aongsde, the passenger, a stocky, dark-sknned, dark-
166
hared man began hurng raca epthets at the back coupe. Long sad the drver
was a ta, thn whte man wth sharp features, a descrpton not unsmar to that
gven by |ames Lnehan. The truck took the I-35 ext and headed south.
|557|
Approxmatey 50 mnutes ater, as Margaret Hohmann and her frend Ann Domn
were pung nto a parkng spot n front of the Murrah Budng, a brown pck-up
peeed away from ts parkng spot, burnng rubber as t tore down 5th Street.
"Where's the cops when you need them?" Hohmann thought to hersef.
|558|
A few bocks away from the Murrah Budng, Debra Burdck and her daughter were
on the way to the doctor's offce. As she stopped for a ght at 10th and Robnson,
she notced three vehces parked on the north sde of the street between a church
and a garage. One was a brown pck-up, one was a bue Chevy Cavaer, and the
other was a yeow Mercury.
"I ooked across," sad Burdck, "and there was that ght bue car, t had a whte
nteror, and there were three men n t. They were dark, but they were not back.
I woud say they were Mdde Easterners. There was a brown pck-up, but I coudn't
see n (because of the tnted wndows), and behnd t was the yeow car wth the
cream top.
"Now, I notced the three men n the car, that guy sttng n the mdde was knd of
starng out.. I sad 'Huh, I wonder what they're ookng at?' and as I turned
around, I sad 'there's nothng there but budngs.'"
|559|
A few moments ater, the bomb(s) went off. Hohmann and Domn, who were nsde
one of the Murrah Budng's restrooms, were sent crashng to the foor. At the
same moment, Debra Burdck and her daughter went skddng to the sde of the
road. When she ooked back, the three vehces were gone.
Fve bocks south of the Murrah Budng, at Robnson and Man, Kay H. had |ust
raced out of her offce. As she stepped on to the merdan, she was neary run over
as the brown pck-up came careenng around the corner. The near mss gave her
an opportunty to get a good ook at the occupants.
"The drver - I made eye contact wth hm," recaed Kay. "He ooked ke he was
n hs twentes - ate twentes. |He| had an angry ook on hs face. I' never forget
the ook on hs face. It |ust was fu of hate and anger. It reay struck me, because
everyone ese - peope were comng out and they ooked scared and confused,
and he |ust ooked fu of anger."
|560|
Kay recaed that two of the three peope n the truck were Mdde-Easterners.
When she was shown photos, she pcked out the Iraq - the same one seen wth
McVegh - as the drver.
Davd Snder, the Brcktown worker who had spotted one of the Ryder trucks that
mornng, ran outsde after the bomb went off, and saw the brown pck-up as t few
167
past. "They were dong about 60 mph," recaed Snder. "They turned north and
headed over the Wanut Street Brdge."
|561|
An a-ponts-buetn (APB) was qucky put out on the pck-up:
2ispatcher: "Be on the ookout for a ate mode amost new Chevroet fu-sze
pck-up - fu sze pckup brown pck-up. W be brown n coor wth tnted wndows
- brown n coor wth tnted wndows. Smoke coored bug defector on the front of
pck-up."
".Mdde-Eastern maes 25-28 years of age, sx feet ta, athetc bud, Dark har
and a beard - dark har and a beard. Break."
Officer: "Ok, Is ths good nformaton, or do we not reay know?"
2ispatcher: "Authorzaton FBI."
|562|
Strangey, the FBI canceed the APB severa hours ater, refusng to say why and
demandng that t not be rebroadcast. When KPOC's Davd Ha asked the FBI why
they canceed t, they dened ever puttng t out. But when Ha payed back hs
copy for the FBI man, he suddeny had "no comment."
|563||564|
Soon after, Brad Edwards receved a tp that the pck-up had been seen severa
tmes before the bombng at Sahara Propertes (not ts rea name), a rea-estate
busness n northwest Okahoma Cty. The owner of Sahara Propertes, an Israe-
born Paestnan named Sam Khad (not hs rea name), was the Iraq's empoyer.
|565|*
Not ong after KFOR's reports began arng, the Iraq sued the staton, then hed a
press conference camng that he was not a suspect n the bombng, and that he
had a sod ab for the mornng of Apr 19. Hs name was Hussan a-Hussan, and
he was at work, he sad, pantng a garage on NW 31 Street. Yet Avn Devers, a
neghbor ntervewed by Davs, camed no one was workng on the house that day.
"I ddn't see anybody," sad Devers. "I'd remember.."
In addton, Hussan's co-worker, Erne Cranfed, sad Hussan's ab for the
mornng of Apr 19 - a tme sheet statng he was at work at 8:08 a.m. - was
patenty fase. Cranfed tod Davs that Hussan was workng at a dfferent house
+y :;7;; a0m., sx bocks away, but wasn't there at 8:30 a.m.
"They was out there actng ke they was pantng on that garage a mornng,"
Cranfed tod me. "They ddn't know I was aready there before.."
|566|
Moreover, accordng to Cranfed, Sahara Propertes doesn't use tme sheets: "They
use a tme cock. They started about fve months ago - fve, sx months ago. I've
seem them cockng n every mornng." Davs ater earned that Khad's daughter
Heather had concocted Hussan's "tme sheet" at the request of her father.
|567|
168
Hussan aso camed that he worked a second |ob as at the Western Szzn
restaurant - as a |antor, three days a week, from 10:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. -
whch woud have kept hm too busy to be at the Murrah Budng on Apr 19. Yet
when Davs checked wth |eff |ohnston, the assstant manager, she was tod
Hussan hadn't worked from Apr 17 through Apr 20.
Accordng to Khad's secretary, none of Hussan's Iraq co-workers, who started
workng for Khad n November, showed up on the 17th. Was t merey concdenta
that Crag Freeman and Denns |ackson saw a suspcous group of Arab men n the
Murrah Budng on the afternoon of the 17th?
Interestngy, Hussan a-Hussan reapped for hs |ob at the Western Szzn n
May, then qut n |une, sayng that he ddn't need a |ob. Khad's secretary sad that
Hussan aso purchased a Cadac after the bombng. Had he suddeny come nto
a arge amount of money?
When KFOR shared ther evdence wth the FBI, they downpayed ther fndngs. FBI
spokesman Dan Voge sad that eyewtness accounts are "notorousy naccurate.
Ther credbty must be checked out, ther stores corroborated."
Yet KFOR was abe to corroborate ther story wth at east eght dfferent wtnesses.
They not ony paced McVegh wth Hussan n at east three dfferent ocatons n
Okahoma Cty, they were abe to trace the brown pck-up to the busness where
Hussan worked - to a busnessman that had been nvestgated by the FBI for PLO
tes. They determned that Hussan had a tattoo exacty as descrbed by the FBI,
and that hs ab for the mornng of Apr 19 was patenty fase.
Strangey, the FBI decded to back up Hussan's story, teng KFOR that t mght be
dffcut to pace Hussan near the Murrah Budng on the mornng of the 19th.
Apparenty the government had not counted on a oca TV staton stumbng onto
Hussan. After KFOR's story broke, a ma|or damage contro apparatus went nto
moton. KWTV, KOCO, the "aily Oklahoman, and the Oklahoma ,a-ette a
rdcued KFOR's reportng.
|568|
Interestngy, when Hussan appeared before TV cameras on |une 15 to dspe the
"rumors" about hm, t was Abraham Ahmed who appeared as hs nterpreter!
The ,a-ette and KOCO aso both camed that Hussan coudn't speak Engsh,
mpyng that he coudn't have been takng wth McVegh. Yet KFOR earned that
he spoke broken Engsh, and a poce D.U.I. report ndcated that he reped n
Engsh when questoned.
|569|
"The nformaton quoted on Channe Four s not true," FBI Agent |effrey |enkns tod
the "aily Oklahoman. Though |enkns ater dened sayng that, he admts that "he
crnged when he saw the KFOR report."
169
Perhaps |enkns crnged when he saw Hussan on TV because the news staton
had, qute accdentay, uncovered the FBI's confdenta nformant. Why ese woud
the FBI act so patronzng towards KFOR, who had ceary estabshed a nk
between Hussan and McVegh?
The FBI woudn't say f they had checked out Hussan. Nor woud they cear hm.
They tod KFOR that they were "not n the busness of cearng suspects." Yet, as
|ayna Davs ponted out, they dd cear numerous other |ohn Doe 2 suspects,
ncudng Robert |acks, Gary Land, and Todd Buntng, the Army prvate seen at
Eott's Body Shop. Interestngy, they then used the Buntng ncdent to say that
|ohn Doe 2 had been a red herrng a aong. |ohn Doe 2, the FBI camed, had
never exsted.
|570|
|ust why woud the FBI ssue a banket "no comment" on a suspect who was seen
by numerous wtnesses wth Tmothy McVegh, and was seen speedng away from
the bombng?
For hs part, Hussan cams he was an offcer n Iraq's ete Repubcan Guard, and
was mprsoned for dstrbutng ant-Saddam terature. Accordng to the ,a-ette1s
account, he was reeased after servng eght years of a 13-year sentence.
|571|
But the story changes. Accordng to KWTV, he escaped durng a prson uprsng at
the end of the war, and after searchng for hs famy, he "ran to Amercan soders
and asked for hep." He was then nterned n a Saud refugee camp, where he
spent the next four years, unt he was reocated to the U.S. n 1995.
|572|
The probem wth ths story s that U.S. forces ddn't get wthn 200 mes of
Baghdad, whch means that f Hussan "ran to Amercan soders," he woud have
had to run across severa hundred mes of open dessert.
Yet accordng to hs boss, Sam Khad, Hussan was neer n the Repubcan Guard
at a. A Shte Musm, he was mprsoned for hs ant-Saddam beefs, and forced to
serve as cannon fodder on the front nes, as the Repubcan Guard wthdrew.
|573|
Yet the story changes once agan. Accordng to Wam Northrop, Hussan served
n the Hammurab Dvson of the Repubcan Guard, and "was captured by the
Amercan 24th Mechanzed Infantry Dvson n a fght on Hghway 8, west of Basra,
a few days after the war ended." Northrop stated that the Iraqs encountered the
U.S. force, and, thnkng t was merey a probe, opened fre. The Iraqs were bady
beaten n the ensung frefght, and Hussan was wounded. He cams Hussan was
never n an Iraq prson.
|574|
If Hussan was tryng to concoct a cover-story, he apparenty wasn't dong a very
good |ob.
|575|
Accordng to Northrop:
Ths ad was no ordinary soldier. |He| came to the Unted States around November
of 1991. He trggered a "watch" on the Iraq communty n Boston and shorty
170
thereafter, moved to Okahoma Cty. I understand that he s currenty resdng n
Houston.
Northrop aso states that "Ramz Ahmed Yousef (The 'mastermnd' behnd the
Word Trade Center bombng) served n the Hammurab Dvson of the Repubcan
Guard durng the Guf War.."
|576|
Whe t s not known how accurate ths nformaton s, there s evdence tyng
Yousef - a Pakstan Bauch born n Kuwat - to Iraq ntegence. The Bauch,
who are Sunn Mosems, oppose the cerca Sha regme of Tehran, and had forged
cose nks wth Iraq ntegence durng that country's 10-year war wth Iran.
Accordng to Dr. Myroe, Iraq used the Bauch to carry out acts of terrorsm aganst
Iran.
|577|
Aas Abdu Bast Mahmud Abdu Karm, Yousef arrved n the Unted States
carryng an Iraq passport.
Both Yousef and hs partner n the Word Trade Center bombng, Ahmed A|a|,
worked for Edwards Ppene Testng and Technca Wedng Laboratores n
Houston, whose CEO s Mauna Bha|at, a cose assocate of Ishan Barbout - an
nternatona Iraq arms deaer who but Lbya's chemca weapons pant at Rbta.
Barbout's son Hadar (ke Hussan) aso ves n Houston. Accordng to Lous
Champon, who went nto busness wth Hadar, "Hadar Barbout s an Iraq
agent."
|578|
It was Barbout who fnanced Champon's Product Ingredent Technoogy through
hs son Hadar. Wackenhut (a company wth ong-standng tes to the FBI and CIA)
provded the securty. Accordng to Champon, Barbout (wth perhaps a tte hep
from the secretve and mysterous Wackenhut) secrety draned thousands of
gaons of ferrocyande - a naturay occurrng Cherry extract used to make
cyande gas - from Champon's pant.
Barbout's abty to procure U.S. weapons technoogy for sae to Lbya and Iraq
wasn't exacty hndered by U.S. offcas. Whe the Bush admnstraton was
pubcy decryng Hussen's use of chemca weapons on the Kurds, the potassum
ferrocyande was shpped to Iraq to manufacture chemca weapons for Iraq's
army, wth the fu knowedge and compcty of the Bush admnstraton.
Sad Champon, "Not one U.S. agent - not one offca, ever questoned Hadar
Barbout - for evason of taxes, where he got hs money from, hs nvovement.
n shppng cyande outsde the P.I.T. pant. nothng. I was tod - and ths s a
quote from U.S. Customs |agent Martn Schram| - "Ths matter s hghy potca.
Hadar Barbout cannot be ndcted, and f he were, he woud never be
convcted."
|579|
The key that aowed the Iraq "busnessman" (Barbout doesn't ke to be caed an
arms deaer) to nterface wth the CIA was one Rchard V. Secord, an ntegra
171
payer n the Iran-Contra arms-for-drugs network. Secord, t shoud be noted, was
aso a busness partner of Vang Pao, the Laotan Genera who ran a heron
smuggng rng out of Long Ten Arbase durng the Vetnam War, and Monzer a-
Kassar, the Syran arms and drugs deaer who was nvoved n the Pan Am 103
bombng - another crme that was successfuy covered up by the CIA and the FBI.
Accordng to Rchard Babayan, a former CIA contract empoyee, "Barbout was
paced n the hands of Secord by the CIA, and Secord caed n Wackenhut to
hande securty and trave for Barbout and hs export pans."
|580|
Mke |ohnston, the attorney who sued Barbout on behaf of TK-7, an Okahoma Cty
company, ran nto the same sort of stonewang by the |ustce Department. As
|ohnston was tod by the federa team nvestgatng ths tte corner of Iraqgate,
"Mr. |ohnston, you don't understand, we have to mt the ob|ectve of the
nvestgaton so we can get on wth the busness of runnng the government."
"Gong nto the nvestgaton. was a dsgused whtewash," |ohnston ater tod me,
echong what U.S. Customs agent Martn Schram tod Lous Champon.
Former CIA asset Chares Hayes sad the CIA-connected Wackenhut was hepng
Barbout shp chemcas to Iraq, "Suppyng Iraq was orgnay a good dea," he
mantans, "but then t got out of hand."
|581|
Sad Champon, "I can assure you, that f drums of cyande eft our pant, Dr.
Barbout had hs reasons, ether to be used aganst Amercan troops or terrorst
acts aganst the Unted States at home."
|582|
Cyande s a necessary ngredent n
the deveopment of nerve gas. One thousand grams of cyande ater wound up n
the Word Trade Center bomb, constructed by Iraq agent Ramz Yousef.
Yousef's partner, Ahmed A|a|, a member of the Egyptan-based A-Gama'a a-
Isamya, ved n Texas. A Texas hamburger stand was reportedy used to reay
teephone cas between the Word Trade Center bombers as a means of avodng
detecton. It was owned by some Paestnan frends of A|a|, and Yousef and A|a|
used the number for conference cas whe A|a| was n prson.
The records may aso ndcate a te between A|a| and Hussan's boss, Sam Khad.
Records obtaned durng TK-7's cv sut aganst Ishan Barbout show a phone ca
to one of Khad's propertes n Houston. The person who made ca was Ahmed
A|a|.
|583|
Yet Barbout wasn't |ust tryng to procure matera and technoogy from U.S.
companes on behaf of Iraq. Barbout aso but the bunkers used to house Saddam
Hussen's Mg |et fghters durng Desert Storm. It was durng TK-7's sut aganst
Barbout that the Amercans earned of these bunkers. Barbout's London head of
Securty, Tony Davsson, decded to se the Amercans the bueprnts. It sn't cear
whether Davsson had a fang out wth Barbout, or was smpy beng patrotc.
The pont may be moot, as Barbout was apparenty dead. The Iraq arms deaer
172
ded (or faked hs death) around the same tme the Israe Mossad knocked off hs
contemporary, Gerad Bu, the deveoper of the -fated Iraq "Super-Gun."
|584|
Davsson caed TK-7's attorney, Mke |ohnston, who few to London, where he
purchased the pans for $2,700, and prompty turned them over to the CIA. Wth
the pans for Saddam's underground bunkers, the U.S. Arforce was abe to
practcay wpe out Iraq's entre feet of Mg fghter |ets at the start of the war.
Ths ddn't exacty make Saddam happy. In the parance of the Arab word, ths
equated to pay-back tme. If Hussen thought Barbout was responsbe for the
destructon of hs ar force, he may have nssted the arms deaer cooperate n an
act of revenge aganst the Unted States.
Yet the destructon of the Hussen's ar force wasn't the ony motve Iraq had for
seekng revenge aganst the U.S. Whe Amercans were busy tyng yeow rbbons
on ther front porches for our boys n the Guf, these same brave boys were
saughterng enemy soders and hepess cvans by the thousands. As reported
by Mke Erch of the Mtary Counseng Network at the March-Apr, 1991
European Parament hearngs on the Guf War:
.hundreds, possby thousands, of Iraq soders began wakng toward the U.S.
poston unarmed, wth ther arms rased n an attempt to surrender. However, the
orders for ths unt were not to take any prsoners.
The commander of the unt began the frng by shootng an ant-tank msse
through one of the Iraq soders. Ths s a msse desgned to destroy tanks, but t
was used aganst one man.
At that pont, everybody n the unt began shootng. Oute smpy, t was a
saughter.
|585|
The government-controed santzed meda campagn beamed nto our vng
rooms, repete wth scenes of hgh-tech "smart-bombs" whstng through the
wndows of enemy command centers, merey beed the terrbe and deberate
carnage nfcted upon thousands of hepess cvans.
On February 13, 1991, a U.S. Ar Force Steath Bomber dropped two 1,000-pound,
aser-guded bombs onto the roof of the A-Amra ar rad sheter n Baghdad. Two
hundred and nnety four peope - mosty women and chdren - ded n what the
U.S. mtary caed a "mtary surgca strke."
Accordng to Wam Bum, author of 4illin% 8o*e7 20S0 Military and !(A
(nterentions Since World War ((, the bombng of the A-Amra ar rad sheter
wasn't accdenta, t was deberate:
The Unted States sad t thought that the sheter was for VIPs, whch t had been at
one tme, and camed that t was aso beng used as a mtary communcatons
173
center, but neghborhood resdents nssted that the constant aera surveance
overhead had to observe the day fow of women and chdren nto the sheter.
Western reporters sad they coud fnd no sgns of mtary use.
|586|
An Amercan |ournast n |ordan who vewed unedted vdeotape footage of the
dsaster, whch the Amercan pubc never saw, wrote:
They showed scenes of ncredbe carnage. Neary a the bodes were charred nto
backness; n some cases the heat had been so great that entre mbs were burned
off.. Rescue workers coapsed n gref, droppng corpses; some rescuers vomted
from the stench of the st-smoderng bodes.
|587|
Sad Whte House spokesman Marn Ftzwater after the bombng of the sheter: It
was "a mtary target. We don't know why cvans were at ths ocaton, but we
do know that Saddam Hussen does not share our vaue for the sanctty of fe."
|588|
Ths so-caed "vaue for the sanctty for fe" shown by Amercan forces and auded
by the Bush admnstraton, ncuded not ony attacks such as the one at A-Amra,
but the bombng and strafng of unarmed cvans who tred to fee to the
|ordanan border.
Buses, taxs, and prvate cars were repeatedy assauted, teray wthout mercy,
by rockets, custer bombs and machne guns; usuay n broad dayght, the targets
ceary cvan, wth uggage ped on top, wth no mtary vehces or structures
anywhere to be seen, surrounded by open desert, the attackng panes fyng
extremey cose to the ground. busoads of passengers ncnerated, and when
peope eft the vehces and fed for ther ves, panes often swooped down upon
them frng away..
"You're kng us!" cred a |ordanan tax drver to an Amercan reporter. "You're
shootng us everywhere we move! Whenever they see a car or truck, the panes
dve out of the sky and chase us. They don't care who we are or what we are. They
|ust shoot." Hs cry was repeated by hundreds of others...
|589|
Mke Ange, a GI from North Carona, descrbed the carnage:
I actuay went up cose and examned two of the vehces that bascay ooked ke
refugees maybe tryng to get out of the area. You know, you had ke a tte Toyota
pck-up truck that was oaded down wth the furnture and the sutcases and rugs
and the pet cat and that type of thng, a over the back of the ths truck, and those
trucks were taken out |ust ke the mtary vehces.
|590|
"The U.S. mtary consders the murderng of our chdren nothng more than
'coatera damage," sad A Kassy, an nformaton offcer at the Iraq Interests
secton of the Ageran Embassy n Washngton. "They have never apoogzed or
even admtted ther mstake."
|591|
174
At the same tme, the Amercan pubc, fed a day dose of propaganda generated
n Pentagon meda brefng rooms, coud not understand how terrorsts coud bomb
a cvan budng n the heartand of Amerca.
Whe the estmate of Iraq forces ked runs as hgh as 250,000, the actua number
of Iraqs ked, ncudng cvans, runs much hgher. Amercan panes deberatey
destroyed Iraq's power pants, ts sewage systems, and ts hosptas. The economc
embargo severey compounded the stuaton, forcng an entre popuaton to
strugge amdst massve epdemcs of starvaton and dsease. Ther nfrastructure
decmated, wthout santaton, food and medca suppes, hundreds of thousands
of cvans suffered horrbe, ngerng deaths - a caused by the U.S. mtary, the
greed of Bg O, and ther fe-ong frend, George Herbert Waker Bush.
The peope of Baghdad have turned the rubbe of the A-Amra ar rad sheter nto
a shrne, compete wth mementos and pctures of the chdren who pershed.
In Okahoma Cty, vctms paced mementos of ther dead reatves on a chan-nk
fence surroundng the remans of the Afred P. Murrah Budng and asked, "Who
coud do such a thng? Who coud k nnocent cvans?"
Whe the Word Trade Center and Okahoma Cty bombngs may have been the
resut of Iraq revenge, what utmatey ay behnd the New York and Daharan
bombngs appeared to stem from a broader-based aance of Isamc mtants
from Iraq, Iran, Syra, Saud Araba, Pakstan, and other countres commtted to the
expuson of U.S. troops from the regon and an a-out attack on the "Great
Satan."
|592|
It has been reported that groups rangng from the Paestnan-based Isamc |had,
Hamas, the Sudanese Natona Isamc Front, the Pakstan-based a-Fuqra, and
groups funded by Saud Araban Osama bn-Laden were nvoved n the Word
Trade Center bombng and reated pots.
In fact, as eary as 1990, Word Trade Center consprators E-Sayyd Nossar,
Mahmud Abouhama, and a-Fuqra member Cement Rodney Hampton-E (an
Amercan Back Musm) had met n New York Cty wth Shek Abd-a-Azz Awadah,
who s aeged to have been a senor commander engaged n the coordnaton of
terrorst operatons wth Iranan, Paestanan, and Hzboah eaders.
|593|
Such aances were aso refected n a ma|or terrorst conference hed n Tehran n
1993, where t was decded the terrorsts' war aganst the U.S. woud ncude
"targetng budngs for bomb spectacuars."
|594|
Another ma|or terrorst conference was hed n Tehran on |une 20-23, 1996, durng
whch t was announced that there woud be ncreased attacks aganst U.S.
nterests. Two days ater, on |une 25, the mtary housng compex n Dhahran,
Saud Araba, was bombed, camng the ves of 19 servcemen. The Movement for
175
Isamc Change, whch had aready camed credt for the Ryadh bombng, took
credt.
Ths was foowed by another terrorst conference at the Northwest Fronter
Provnce town of Kon, near the Afghan border n Pakstan on |uy 10-15, 1996.
The meetng saw some of the most mportant mtant Isamc eaders come
together under one tent. They ncuded Osama bn Ladn, a Saud Araban who
funded the Mu|ahadeen, was mpcated n the Ryadh and Dhahran bombngs, and
was a cose assocate of Shek Omar Abde Rahman, Ahmed |br of the PFLP-GC
(who carred out the Pan Am 103 bombng on orders from Teheran), Abdu Rasu
Sayyaf, a senor representatve of Iranan ntegence, senor Pakstan ntegence
offcers, and senor commanders of Hamas, HzbAah, and other groups. A
resoved to use whatever force was necessary to oust a foregn forces statoned
on Isamc hoy and.
|595|
One Arab observer wth drect knowedge of the conference sad the partcpants'
resouton was "a vrtua decaraton of reentess war" on the U.S.-ed West.
|596|
A
gmpse of that conference can be seen n "efense and Forei%n Affairs7
Rasu Sayyaf stated that "the tme to sette accounts has arrved." The senor
representatve of Iranan ntegence decared that "attack s the best means of
defense." He urged a combned offensve, both n the Musm word, partcuary
the Persan Guf and Araban Pennsua, and at the heart of the West. He repeated
Iran's commtment to the cause and reterated Tehran's wngness to provde the
Isamsts wth a possbe ad.
Another commander concurred, addng that "there s an mperatve need for an
ntegrated pan to dea a fata bow to the nternatona forces of arrogance." A UK-
based commander from a Persan Guf state stressed that gven the mmense
strategc mportance of the Persan Guf to the U.S. and ts aes, the ony way to
compe the West to wthdraw was through the nfcton of so much pan on these
countres, that ther governments woud fnd t mpossbe to toerate the pubc
outcry and be compeed to wthdraw as the ony way to stop the Isamst terrorsm
at home.
|597|
On |uy 16, one day after the Kon conference, the U.S. Senate passed sanctons
aganst Iran and Lbya. Wth ther contnued sanctons aganst the nnocent
cvans of Iraq, and now Iran, the U.S. was budng to a confrontaton wth the
mtant Isamc communty. As Ronad W. Lews wrote n the November, 1996
edton of Air Forces Monthly7
On the foowng day (after the Kon conference), |uy 17, the Movement for Isamc
Change sent a chng fax to the London-based Arab newspaper al-8ayat, warnng:
"The word w be astonshed and amazed at the tme and pace chosen by the
Mu|ahadeen. The Mu|ahadeen w dever the harshest repy to the threats of the
foosh Amercan presdent. Everyone w be surprsed by the voume, choce of
pace and tmng of the Mu|ahadeen's answer, and nvaders must prepare to depart
176
ave or dead, for ther tme s mornng and mornng s near." That fax, and a
warnng by Israe ntegence that Iran was key to aunch an attack aganst a
U.S. arcraft, were gnored.
At 8:31:10 p.m. (0031:10 GMT) that evenng, nobody coud dsmss the horrendous
exposon of TWA Fght 800 off the coast of Long Isand, New York. Attack number
three had |ust been carred out.
|598|
That excerpt appeared n a U.S. mtary newspaper. But Lews wasn't the ony
observer cognzant of these facts. As Dr. Laure Myroe noted regardng the |uy 17
attack on TWA fght 800, t occurred precsey on Iraq natona day. The day of the
bombng, Saddam Hussen had made hs own threats, teng the U.S. that they
woud be unabe to avod "the sweepng food and famng fre that s burnng
under ther feet.."
|599|
The bombng of the Word Trade Center occurred on the second annversary of
Iraq's surrender to coaton forces n the Guf.
Whe reports from the State Department and such nsttutons as the Hertage
Foundaton decry the use of Arab state-sponsored terrorsm aganst the West, the
truth s that the West - and especay the U.S. - has been exportng terrorsm n
the form of economc sanctons, assassnatons, coups, death-squads, and
covert/overt wars n amost every part of the word snce the begnnng of the
century.
|600|
To the Musm word, and especay terrorst groups such as the PLO, Isamc |had,
Hzboah, and Hamas, the U.S. assaut on ts ay Iraq represented a turnng pont
n Isam's strugge aganst the West. The Guf War marked the frst tme the Unted
States had used an a-out, fu-scae mtary assaut on an Arab country, wth
devastatng resuts.
Under the nfuence of regous fgures such as Shek Omar Rahman, the
Mu|ahadeen (the Afghan freedom fghters who had been traned by the CIA) and
ther aes became staunch opponents of the Unted States. Thousands of Musms
from amost 40 countres focked to Afghanstan and Pakstan durng the war, and
thousands reman there, tranng for the day when Isam w rse up n ts fna
great |had aganst the West.
|601|
To these groups, the Guf War marked the sgna for a new escaaton n ther war
aganst the U.S. The bombng of the Word Trade Center, the Federa Budng n
Okahoma, the A-Khubar mtary compex n Daharan, and possby the shootdown
of TWA 800, were a expressons of ths rage aganst the Unted States.
On |anuary 25, 1993, ess than one month before the Word Trade Center attack,
Mr Ama Kans, a Pakstan, vented hs rage by openng fre wth an AK-47 outsde
CIA headquarters n Langey, Vrgna. Two CIA empoyees were ked and three
others were wounded. Lke Ramz Yousef, Kans was a natve Bauch. He was
177
nvoved wth the Pashtun Students Organzaton, the student wng of Mahmood
Khan Achakza's Pakhtoon Khwa Awam M Party, whch camed the CIA's sudden
pu-out of Afghanstan resuted n mons of deaths at the hands of the Sovets.
Kans camed the CIA had betrayed hs father.
|602|
Yousef hmsef spent consderabe tme n Bauchstan. Located n western
Pakstan, Bauchstan s a nexus for the Musm |had, and a ma|or arms and drug
network. Pakstan has served not ony as a tranng center for the Mu|ahadeen, but
a haven for Phppne terrorst groups such as Abu Sayyaf and the Moro Lberaton
Front, who have used the free-fowng Pakstan arms and drugs nexus n an effort
to promote and fnance ther actvtes.
|603|
Support n the form of arms and drugs fowed from Pakstan and Afghanstan to
mtant Isamc groups around the word, aded by the CIA, rogue ntegence
offcers, and senor U.S. offcas n for ther pece of the acton - |ust as Over
North's "Enterprse" woud do wth the Contras n Ncaragua. In fact, many of the
same ndvduas were nvoved.
Yousef next showed up n the Phppnes wth a Lbyan mssonary named
Mohamen abu Bakr, eader of the Lbyan Muah Forces. It was there that he |oned
forces wth an Afghan named Wa Khan Amn Shah and hs od frend from Kuwat,
Abdu Hakm Murad. They were there to tran the Abu Sayyaf.
Headquartered on the Phppne sand of Mndanao, the 400-member strong Abu
Sayyaf has conducted over 10 ma|or terrorst attacks n the ast sx years n ts bd
for autonomy, and s strongy aed wth other Isamc revoutonary groups, such
the Phppne-based Moro Lberaton Front. Abu Sayyaf's fundng and support
comes from hgh-profe Isamc eaders such as Lbyan Presdent Muammar
Oaddaf, and weathy Isamc fnancers such as Tarq |ana, a Pakstan
busnessman, and Osama bn Laden.
Consdered by the State Department to be one of the word's preemnent sponsors
of Isamc radcasm, bn Laden's threats to wage |had on Amercans n the Mdde
East mmedatey preceded the November, 1995 bast at a U.S. mtary facty n
Ryadh, Saud Araba, n whch fve Amercans and two Indans were ked. Eght
months ater, a massve truck-bomb ked 19 servcemen and n|ured 400 at
Dhahran.
In a March, 1997 ntervew wth the 3ondon (nde*endent from hs Afghan hdeout,
bn Laden warned of addtona measures aganst U.S. forces n Saud Araba, and
sad he had obtaned the support of thousands of Pakstans.
|604|
Readers w aso reca that Genera Wafq a-Sammara', the former head of Iraq
mtary ntegence, tod the 3ondon (nde*endent a year earer that the 1996
Dhahran bombng "strongy resembed pans drawn up by a secret Iraq commttee
on whch he served after the nvason of Kuwat.."
|605|
178
Not surprsngy, n February of 1995, U.S. authortes named bn Laden and hs
brother-n-aw, Mohammad |ama Khafa among 172 unndcted co-consprators n
the Word Trade Center bombng and reated pots to bow up New York Cty
andmarks, ncudng the |avtz Federa Budng and the Unted Natons. Those
pots were strongy nked to Iraq.
|606|
Khafa aso ran an Isamc center n the Phppnes nked to smar organzatons
n countres such as Iraq and |ordan. Gven Abu Sayyaf's cose tes wth bn Laden,
Khafa, and ther connectons wth the Mu|ahadeen, t s ony natura that Ramz
Yousef, a Pakstan who s consdered an Iraq agent, woud be nvoved wth the
group.
Abu Sayyaf's former mtary strategst, Edwn Angees, who surrendered to
Phppne authortes n February of '96, admtted that the Abu Sayyaf was n fact
nked to Yousef and Murad - both of whom recenty went on tra n New York for
ther roe n "Pro|ect Bo|nka" - a dramatc pan to bow up 12 U.S. arners n a
snge day. The pot was foed when poce raded Yousef's Mana apartment on
|anuary 6, 1995, after a fre caused by the par mxng bomb-makng chemcas n a
snk. Whe Murad was captured, Yousef escaped, makng hs way to Pakstan,
where he was captured by poce n February.
|607|
Nne of hs accompces - sx of them Iraqs - were rounded up one year ater
aong wth pastc exposves, bastng caps, detonatng cords, tme fuses, and fake
passports. The terrorsts, ncudng a Sudanese and two Sauds, were part of a pot
to bomb varous Western targets and assassnate Pope |ohn Pau II durng hs
|anuary, 1995 Phppne vst.
|608|
Before hs capture however, Yousef, an engneerng graduate of Brtan's Swansea
Unversty, had tme to try out hs new bomb - an expermenta form of
ntrogycern. The sma test-bomb, taped under a seat on Phppne Ar fght 434,
ked one |apanese tourst and n|ured 10 others. Before the exposon, Yousef had
safey departed the pane n Cebu Cty.
Another temporary resdent of Cebu Cty was Terry Nchos. As dscussed, Nchos
had moved to Cebu Cty wth hs new wfe, Marfe Torres, a ma-order brde whom
he met there n November of 1989. After tryng fe n Mchgan and Nevada, the
coupe moved back to Cebu Cty n eary 1993, where they ved for a short tme.
Accordng to Nchos' ex-wfe Lana Pada, her former husband had traveed to the
Phppnes about four tmes a year snce meetng Marfe. Athough some of the
vsts were to see hs new brde and make arrangements for her entry nto the U.S.,
he occasonay traveed aone.
|609|*
"Sometmes he went when Marfe was n Kansas," wrote Pada. "It ddn't make
sense, but I never asked why."
|610|
179
Nchos tod Pada he was traveng to Cebu Cty to meet "potenta busness
partners." The Mchgan farmer was makng the mut-thousand doar trps, he
sad, to brng back tte paper "butterfes" - curous merchandse for a man ntent
on settng hmsef up n the mtary surpus busness.
|611|
It s aso curous why Nchos carred two stun-guns on hs ast trp, why he eft
$20,000 taped behnd a drawer for hs son, and a note to McVegh teng hm
"You're on your own," and "go for t!" n case he ddn't come back, and why hs son
cred, "I'm never gong to see my Dad agan.."
Perhaps Nchos had reason to worry. Accordng to FBI 302 reports and
nvestgatons conducted by McVegh's defense team, Abu Sayyaf eader Edwn
Angees spoke of a terrorst meetng n the vcnty of the De Monte abeng
factory n Davao, on the Isand of Mndanao, n ate 1992 or eary '93. It was there,
Angees sad, that Ramz Yousef, Abdu Hakm Murad, Wa Khan Amn Shah, and
severa others dscussed the Okahoma Cty bombng pot.
|612|*
One of the men at the meetng, recaed Angees, ntroduced hmsef as "a
farmer."
|613|
When the "farmer" returned home from hs ast vst to the Phppnes on |anuary
16, 1995, and dscovered that Pada had opened the mysterous package and
read the contents, he turned "whte as a ghost."
|614|
On Apr 19, 1995, Abdu Hakm Murad was sttng n hs New York |a ce when the
word went out that the Okahoma Cty Federa Budng had been bombed. Murad
casuay admtted to a prson guard that the Lberaton Army of the Phppnes - a
group connected to Abu Sayyaf - was responsbe.
Abu Sayyaf eader Edwn Angees ater corrected Murad for the record: "It was the
Paestne Lberaton Army and/or the Isamc |had whch Murad was referrng to,"
he sad. "Ths army s assocated wth Hamas and based n Lebanon.."
However, gven the fact that Saud ntegence nformed the FBI that Iraq had hred
Pakstans who mght not have known they were operatng on behaf of Iraq, t s
hghy possbe that Murad (a Pakstan) and Angees were unaware of ther true
sponsor. As the Washin%ton )ost1s |ack Anderson reported n 1991: "A preferabe
revenge for Iraq woud nvove havng a 'surrogate terrorst' carry out a domestc
attack that Hussen coud prvatey take credt for.."
As Stephen |ones wrote n hs March 25th Petton for Wrt of Mandamus:
Ths terrorst attack was "contracted out" to persons whose organzaton and
deoogy was frendy to poces of the foregn power and ncuded dske and
hatred of the Unted States government tsef, and possby ncuded was a desre
for revenge aganst the Unted States, wth possbe ant-back and ant-Semtc
overtones. Because Iraq had tred a smar approach n 1990, but had been
180
thwarted by Syran ntegence nformaton gven to the Unted States, ths tme
the nformaton was passed through an Iraq ntegence base n the Phppnes.
|615|
|616|
The sghtng of Terry Nchos wth Isamc terrorsts n the Phppnes dovetas wth
Cary Gagan's sghtng of Nchos wth hs "Iranan" frends - Omar and Ahmed - n
Henderson, Nevada. Gagan recaed how Nchos ooked "out-of-pace" among hs
Arab comrades at the May '94 meetng.
Was Terry Nchos assocated wth Word Trade Center bomber Ramz Yousef, a
reputed Iraq agent? Was Tmothy McVegh assocated wth Hussan a-Hussan, a
former Iraq soder? Were Yousef and Hussan part of a terrorst network set up by
Iraq to nftrate the Unted States?
On |anuary 28, 1991, the Washin%ton )ost reported that an Iraq terrorst network
was beng sponsored and panned by Saddam Hussen. The artce stated n part:
Hghy cassfed US ntegence reports say that the Unted States has receved
nformaton that Saddam has aready dspatched more than 100 terrorsts, both
experenced and novce, to try to nftrate the Unted States. One report, quotng
sources nsde Iraq, ctes a specfc number of terrorsts - 160 - who have been
sent off wth mssons n Amerca.
That concdes wth reports that at east two and possby as many as four Iraq
dpomats n ther embassy n Washngton were montored as they attempted to
set up terrorst ces n the capta and esewhere n the Unted States..
.A recent ntegence report says that Saddam has deposted money n severa
Swss bank accounts that w automatcay be pad out to terrorsts no matter
what happens to Saddam. Iraqs vng n the Unted States who support Saddam
strongy enough to resort to voence woud probaby be used to provde bank
accounts, safe houses and materas for the experts who sneak nto the country.
Accordng to Northrop, nformaton from a London banker "Sayann" (source)
showed that severa mon doars was transferred from the Bank of Iraq, through
the SWIFT nternatona bankng system n Brusses, Begum, to a bank n
Kngman, Arzona under the account name of "Nayaad." Attempts by Northrop to
confrm ths nformaton were unsuccessfu.
|617|
What s aso nterestng s that Cary Gagan camed to have receved $250,000
from hs Arab frend Omar, who wanted to set up an account for hm. Omar and
Gagan had aso traveed to Kngman. The mon doar account was to be wred
from a Swss bank and deposted nto the Bank of Cherry Creek n Denver.
Part of the pan was to aow Omar and Ahmed to purchase the Posta Center, a
shppng and recevng store n Denver owned by George Coombo, who aso
operated a Ryder truck easng operaton across the street. Omar had asked Gagan
181
to broker a dea to buy the facty from Coombo. He beeves they were nterested
n the ma and truck renta facty. For some reason, the dea fe through.
Whe Gagan cams he was pad by Omar, there s no drect evdence that McVegh
or Nchos were funded by Gagan's Arab contacts. Yet there s crcumstanta
evdence that the two bombng defendants met wth Sam Khad, who spent
consderabe tme n Las Vegas. The Arab hgh-roer frequented Bnyon's
Horseshoe, the Gtter Guch, and the MGM casno, where Nchos woud
occasonay take hs 12-year-od son |osh.
|618|
As Northrop sad, "gambng s a favorte pastme of Sunn Mosems.." Was Omar
smpy there to gambe, or dd he have another agenda?
Accordng to Gagan: "Omar and Ahmed were wrng money n and out of MGM.
They used to get money - huge amounts of money - they were usng these wre
transfers."
Former hgh-rankng CIA operatve Gunther Russbacher tod author Rodney Stch
<"efraudin% America= that Bnyon's Horseshoe was one of the casnos used for
money aunderng and potca payoffs. Khad s a reguar at Bnyon's Horseshoe.
Two other frequent vstors to Bnyon's Horseshoe, t appears, were Terry Nchos
and Tmothy McVegh. The two men attended the Caude Ha Gun Show n Las
Vegas n November and |anuary of 1994, stayed at Pada's house, and reportedy
frequented Bnyon's and a strp |ont next door caed the Gtter Guch, where
Khad s aso a reguar.
|619|
Whe no one at the casnos woud cooperate n pacng Khad wth the two
bombng suspects, Pada sad that Nchos had met wth "Mdde Eastern" men
whe n Las Vegas.
|620|
That nformaton dovetas wth Cary Gagan's testmony. As stated earer, the
federa nformant sad he met wth approxmatey eght men - fve of whom were
Mdde Easterners - at the Western Mote n Las Vegas on May 16, 1994. There
was an Arab man from Okahoma Cty who Gagan referred to as the "eader."
The Eghth man was Terry Nchos.
The queston remaned, who was Omar, and was he connected wth Sam Khad?
Interestngy, Khad's aas s "Omar."
|621|
In an attempt to track Khad's whereabouts n Las Vegas, KFOR's |ayna Davs hred
a securty guard and part-tme P.I. named Lous Crousette. Crousette had worked
at the Gtter Guch. In a transcrpt of the conversaton, Davs asks Crousette f
Ange (not her rea name), Khad's favorte strpper, recognzed hm:
182
Cro,sette: "She knew who he was. Her eyes. her. her. how do I want to say
ths? Her whoe demeanor changed. She went from beng a cam person to beng a
scared tte rabbt."
2ais: "A rght. And she sad she ddn't want to get nvoved."
Cro,sette: "Does the word gettng up and runnng and eavng the pace te you
anythng?
2ais: "Okay. So."
Cro,sette: "She eft. She got up and eft. She eft her money and eft. She
grabbed her stuff and was out the door."
Accordng to Crousette, Ange aso descrbed an Arab man n the Gtter Guch
actng as a "recruter," who ntroduced Khad to a par of "sknny whte guys."
Coud these two sknny whte guys have been Tmothy McVegh and Terry Nchos?
Ange decned to say, teng Davs that she'd "wnd up at the bottom of Lake
Meade" f she taked.
|622||623|*
But |ust who was ths "recruter" that Crousette spoke of? Crousette saw hm
hobnobbng n a weathy part of town wth a man n a whte BMW. |ust who was n
the car wth hm wasn't cear. However, the nformaton s curous n ght of
Gagan's report that he and hs Arab frends met at the Payer's Cub, an upscae
apartment compex n a Las Vegas suburb.
Aso mentoned n Crousette's phone conversaton s "|affer," an apparent
reference to |affer Oshan (not hs rea name). Oshan, who sometmes goes by the
name Ossan |affar, s an eectrca engneer who works for Khad, and transates
for hs rusty Arabc.
Oshan was reportedy the target of FBI surveance at the same tme Khad was
beng ndcted for nsurance fraud. Lke Abraham Ahmed, Oshan dsappeared |ust
before the bombng, traveng to |ordan. And ke Ahmed, he gave a smar story,
teng Erne Cranfed he was gong to the Mdde East to attend to famy matters
- n ths case - hs own weddng. Accordng to Cranfed, he dd not marry.
A natve |ordanan, Oshan showed up n KFOR's surveance photos wth Khad and
Hussan a-Hussan. Crousette showed the photos to hs "ntegence" source:
Cro,sette: Three peope that I know of that went n servce - two feds and two of
them were ex-company (CIA). They know who these guys are. When I showed
them these pctures they ooked at me and tod me, "Get the he out of t. What
the he are you dong dong ths?"
2ais: Dd they te you they were Iraq Integence?
183
Cro,sette: Two of them dd, yes.. The feds know who dd t.
2ais: And they're not arrestng them?
Cro,sette: I'm not gonna' get nvoved.
2ais: Are they Mdde Eastern?
Cro,sette: I'm not gettng nvoved on ths. Okay. I'm sendng n my b. I'm
gettng out of t now..
|624|
Crousette has snce avoded a attempts to contact hm. Gordon Nove, an
nvestgator who used to work for Dstrct Attorney |m Garrson, spent a week n
Las Vegas attemptng to tak wth the former securty guard. "He was rea adamant
about not wantng to be taked to," sad Nove.
As a frustrated Nove was about to eave, a arge goon appeared at hs hote room
wth an automatc tucked n hs bet and some words of advce: "You betta' stay da
fuck out odda Okahoma thng," he warned. "Work on da Waco thng f ya wanna,
but stay out odda Okahoma thng. There's a odda sand out dare where no one w
ever fnd ya."
"He had a very serous bg gun," sad Nove, "and he wasn't a cop - I don't know
what he was."
|625|
Why woud an apparent Mob mue be concerned about steerng an nvestgator
away from a Las Vegas connecton to the Okahoma Cty bombng? Was Khad
connected to the Mob?
KFOR frst bumped nto Sam Khad when reporter Brad Edwards receved a
mysterous phone ca from Sharon Twey. Twey was workng at the tme for
Khad's rea-estate busness, Sahara Propertes, whch he owned wth hs ex-wfe
Caro, who ded n the bombng. A three-year empoyee, Twey dd a varety of
|obs for Khad, ncudng bookkeepng and actng as renta agent for hs 500-pus
propertes.
Twey tod Edwards and Davs that she had seen her boss n the company of
Abraham Ahmed, who had been detaned by the FBI as a possbe suspect on Apr
19 as he attempted to fy from Okahoma to |ordan.
Accordng to Twey and Erne Cranfed, Ahmed had been seen drvng the brown
Chevy pck-up seen speedng away from the bombng, back and forth to Khad's
pace n the days pror to the bombng. Ahmed's ncreasngy frequent vsts
concded wth the arrva of Hussan a-Hussan and fve other Iraqs n November.
Twey aso sad that Khad began actng very secretve after the arrva of the sx
men, and woud ony speak to Ahmed n Arabc.
184
Yet, perhaps most ncredby, both Cranfed and Twey had seen a yeow Mercury
Marqus parked at Khad's offce; Twey sad she saw Abraham Ahmed n the
passenger seat.
|626|
The presence of Ahmed wasn't the ony thng that rased eyebrows at Sahara
propertes n the days foowng the bombng. Cranfed tod the FBI and Edwards
that he saw one of Khad's Arab empoyees, a man named Hader a-Sad, actng
strangey ebuent after the bombng.

"When the news reports frst came about some Isamc group beng responsbe,
we Hader knd of aughed about that," recaed Cranfed. "I heard they found
three babes that was dead from the bast, and I went and tod the guys. and |ohn
Doe 2 (Cranfed's reference to Hussan) started cryng. He went out on the porch
to cover hs face and he stood by the wa cryng. He was upset that chdren got
hurt. He was reay upset. And Hader was aughng because he was cryng."
|627|*
To make thngs even stranger, Khad decded to vst Las Vegas on the evenng of
Apr 20, the day after hs ex-wfe Caro was ked n the bombng. It seems Khad
had asked her to hep hm wth hs taxes on Monday, her reguary schedued day
at the Department of Agrcuture. Consequenty, she went nto work on
Wednesday, her day off. As news reports showed Dr. Espe, Caro's boss, beng
carred down a adder by rescue workers, Khad's daughter Heather began cryng.
She knew her mom worked n that offce.
"We was a sttng around the offce watchng the news," sad Cranfed. "And when
they showed Espe beng carred down that adder, she (Na|aya, Khad's current
wfe) |ust burst out aughng. Heather was cryng, and Na|aya was aughng."
|628|
Some mght consder t odd that a gr's stepmother woud burst out aughng upon
earnng that her mother had been ked. Some mght consder t stranger st for a
man to be partyng on the eve of hs ex-wfe's death.
Was there a motve? Dd Khad know there woud be a bombng on Wednesday?
Dd he know Caro woud go nto work on Wednesday to make up for her day off?
"It was set up," sad Cranfed. "I know t was set up. He got rd of her because of
the taxes she fed."
Accordng to Cranfed, Khad reported to the IRS that hs empoyees were sub-
contractors, thus avodng havng to pay benefts. Khad's steady worker of nne
years aso tod me that hs boss made up busness cards for the empoyees that
purported to show ther "ndependent" status.
It was Caro on whom fe the responsbty of preparng the returns. Cranfed
caught a gmpse of her on Monday, two days before her death.
185
"She ddn't ook happy that mornng when she was dong hs taxes," recaed
Cranfed. "She dd not ook happy at a. 'cause he was fuckng the government
over the taxes."
|629|
At the tme of ths wrtng there was a case pendng aganst Khad for tax fraud.
Caro most key woud have testfed aganst hm n that case.
The crcumstances at Sahara Propertes n the days after the bombng were too
much for Cranfed. "I eft the |ob ste and went to the offce and sad 'I want my
money.' I tod them I ddn't want to work for no terrorsts. I was so. I feared that
these peope were nvoved, and them workers were nvoved n ths. And wth a
the strange thngs that was gong on, I wasn't gong to take no chances. And when
they found Abraham |Ahmed|, that was t. That was a I needed to know. That's a
I wanted to know. I wanted to get the he out of there!"
The brown Chevy pck-up that Ahmed had been seen drvng was found abandoned
the Tuesday after the bombng at the Woodscape Apartment compex on Route 66.
Resdent |eanne Royer recaed a heavy-set Mdde-Eastern man gettng out of the
truck whch was eft near a storage shed. The man gave Boyer a hard ook that
sad, "You'd better forget what you |ust saw."
The man showed up a week ater and foowed Royer whe she was out wakng her
dog.
|630|
When shown a photo of a heavy-set Mdde Eastern suspect by KFOR (one
of Khad's workers), she sad, "It sure does ook ke hm. I woud sure ke to see a
cose-up of hs eyes. Those eyes of hs were frghtenng!"
|631|
The abandoned pck-up, ncdentay, had been panted yeow, and the sera
numbers ground off. "You coud see the yeow over-spray a over the chrome
fender," sad |oe Royer. The FBI then towed the truck to ts mpound ot, and
nothng has been heard about t snce.
|632|
What s even more nterestng (or concdenta, dependng on your pont of vew) s
that Khad owns the property on whch a body shop s ocated - Route 66 Auto
Coson - a nondescrpt, run down pace on the far sde of town. Route 66,
curousy, s two mes drecty due west of the Woodscape Apartments.
A body shop woud be a very convenent pace to pant a pck-up.
Khad bought the property n 1994 at a tax aucton. The sae was dsputed by the
current owner, Rex Carmchae, and as of ths wrtng, the case was n court. "I'm
sure t wasn't panted there," sad Carmchae. "Khad hasn't hadn't had anythng
to do wth that body shop.. he's tred to get t, he's tred to own t, he's tred to
possess t from me.."
|633|
Interestngy, an anonymous caer to Okahoma State Representatve Chares Key
who camed to be a frend of the brother of a man nvoved n the bombng, tod
hm that a meetng of bombng consprators took pace at a garage on Northwest
186
39th Street. Athough he ddn't state the name, Route 66 s ocated rght on
Northwest 39th Street.
|634|
After the bombng, Route 66 changed t's name to Tom's, but s not sted n the
phone book or the nformaton drectory under ether name. KFOR's P.I., Bob
|erow, tod me he staked the pace out for fve days but never saw anybody go n
for an estmate. "It's probaby a chop-shop," sad a retred poce offcer.
|635|
If so, t may ft nto what Cranfed tod me next: "They (Khad and hs empoyees)
woud aways buy cars, then I found out that they was takng them and runnng
them to Mexco, runnng trps to Mexco and seng the cars.. Wthn two weeks to
a month, everyone of them was drvng a dfferent car. They woudn't have t but
ess than a month, then they'd be rd of t, and you woudn't see t agan.
"I seen them many tmes up there at ths garage (Route 66). It was the same guys
that came n |n November|. The same sx that came n. |ust them - them sx."
One of the sx was Hussan a-Hussan.
The date November, 1994 may be prophetc. Three wtnesses n Stwater, about
an hour's drve north of Okahoma Cty, saw a man who cosey resembes Ramz
Yousef n ate October, eary November, 1994. The man, who caed hmsef Y.T.,
was managng Boomer's Used Auto Saes n Stwater, aong wth a man who
resembed |ohn Doe 2. He drove a yeow Mercury Marqus smar to Tmothy
McVegh's, abet wth a vny roof.
Ronne Whte (not hs rea name), who was workng as a mechanc for Boomer's at
the tme, sad the men ran a "shoddy" operaton and were "hoste" towards
customers. The busness, he sad, was buyng used cars and shppng them
overseas, possby to Kuwat. whe n tsef not an unusua practce, Whte sad he
saw as much as $100,000 pass through per month, whch is unusua for such a
sma operaton.
Whte says the two men suddeny departed for Oho the ast week of October,
1994. They tod hm "Don't te anybody where we're gong." They eft no
forwardng address and no way for the customers to pay ther bs. (Concdentay
perhaps, Tmothy McVegh was n Kent, Oho on October 5.)
Sad customer Mchae Reed, "They were some pretty strange peope. They were
supposed to be runnng a car ot, but they were aways gone." They returned from
ther supposed car-buyng trp the frst week of November, wth one used Honda.
Whte went to the FBI when he saw Yousef's wanted poster n the oca poce
staton. Lke many wtnesses, the FBI appeared to show no nterest.
|636|
Was the man these wtnesses saw reay nternatonay wanted fugtve Ramz
Yousef? A Washngton source famar wth Yousef and the Word Trade Center
187
bombng doesn't thnk t key that Yousef reentered the county after the 1993
attack. The FBI put Yousef n the Phppnes n November and December of '94,
|ust n tme to aunch an -fated attack on Presdent Cnton durng hs APEC vst,
but hs exact tmene was never estabshed.
Yousef hmsef s a chameeon. One FBI photo depcts hm as a thn, haunted-
ookng crmna, the other a boysh-ookng foregn exchange student. Yet a three
wtnesses n Stwater are adamant. "I was shocked," sad Mchae Reed, "t ooked
|ust ke hm."
|637|
Had the Arab ce nvoved n the bombng rensted the ad of expert bomb maker
Ramz Yousef for the Okahoma Cty attack? A U.S. Marsha tod |ayna Davs that
he beeved the Word Trade Center and Okahoma Cty bombngs were nked.
Other sources expressed smar opnons.
Fnay, the |ustce Department's Offce of Inspector Genera report on the
Okahoma Cty bombng ndcates that ntrogycern was was found at the scene.
As prevousy stated, Yousef had been expermentng wth a new form of
ntrogycern.
If Y.T. was Ramz Yousef, he ddn't seem too concerned that he was operatng n
the U.S. as a wanted fugtve.
Samr Khad, who by now was beng nvestgated by KFOR and surveed by
|erow, apparenty ddn't seem too concerned he was beng watched ether. At one
pont he casuay stroed up to |erow and Edwards, who were stakng out hs
house, rapped on ther wndow, and sad "What do you want wth me?" |erow, hs
hand on hs gun, watched n amazement. Later, Khad caed hm on the phone.
"Whch country hred you to nvestgate me," Khad demanded to know, "and how
much are they payng you?"
A curous queston. If Khad wanted to know what country had hred |erow, t
woud subsume, at east n hs mnd, that the U.S. woud have no reason to
nvestgate hm. Why woud he assume such a thng? Was Khad an operatve or
an nformant for the U.S. Government?
When Han Kama, a Lebanese/|ordanan busnessman, occasona FBI nformant,
and ong-tme acquantance of Khad's was shown KFOR's surveance photos by
OCPD offcer Don Brownng, he reportedy became frghtened and sad, "You have
to eave ths aone. Ths s the Mossad. You do not know what you're messng
wth." After that, Kama woud no onger tak to the cop.
|638|*
|erow's sources aso came up dry. When the P.I. asked hs phone company source
to pu Khad's records, they had mysterousy "dsappeared." An attorney frend of
|erow's who had some deangs wth Khad tod hm, "Khad s a dangerous
motherfucker. You stay away from hm." He ddn't expan why.
|639|
188
Hs warnng may have been we-founded however. Three months after the
bombng, on |uy 3, a man matchng Khad's descrpton, and drvng hs truck,
showed up at Sharon Twey's house, pued out a psto, and fred four shots. Two
of the buets went nto Twey's bedroom, one went nto her car, shatterng the
wndshed, and another odged under a neghbor's wndow.
A terrfed Sharon Twey roed out of bed, cutchng the phone n her hand, and
daed 911. She then ran over to neghbor Genn Moore's house. "He knows where I
sept!" she tod Moore, who had watched the scene from hs wndow. "He coud
have ked me f he had wanted to!"
|ust why Khad woud want to scare Sharon Twey teray to death s an
nterestng queston. Ths excerpt from the poce report may shed some ght on
the motve:
Twey stated she worked for the suspect unt after the bombng of the Murrah
budng when the F.B.I. came out and questoned her about the suspect's actvty.
The next day she was fred. Snce that tme the suspect has tred to kck her out of
hs rent |sc| house. He had refused to accept her check & had taken her to dstrct
court & the |udge ordered hm to serve a 30 day notce. Twey stated that snce
that tme her resdence was burgarzed and then ths ncdent of the shootng took
pace. Twey stated the F.B.I. had spoke |sc| wth her a few tmes snce she was
fred & then t a started. Twey stated Khad was furous when he found out she
had spoken to the F.B.I.
|ust what had Twey tod the FBI? When I ntervewed the OCPD detectve who
wrote the report, he tod me that Twey had seen "some new dea he was nto,"
and was "nervous."
"She ddn't want hm to know that she had taked to the FBI," sad the detectve.
"She was defntey afrad."
|640|
FBI agents |ames Strckand and Dave Swanson's names aso appeared on the
report. Why woud the FBI take an nterest n a oca assaut case? Athough Khad
ater admtted to the author that he had been ntervewed and poygraphed by the
FBI n regards to the bombng, Strckand woudn't comment.
|641|

In spte of the buet hoes n Twey's house and car, and Moore's eyewtness
account, the OCPD dd tte. Assstant DA Sherry Todd decned to prosecute the
case on "ack of evdence." The poce report stated t as foows:
Moore stated on the mornng on 7-3-95 at approx. 3:30-4:00 he heard gun shots.
Moore got up & ooked out the wndow and saw a dark sknned mae runnng from
the house. I asked hm f t was Mr. Khad. Moore stated "I thnk t was hm, but I'm
not sure. It ooked ke hm but I'm not postve. He was drvng the same whte
Nssan pck-up that he drves. But I'm not sure.
189
Moore seemed a bt more certan when I spoke to hm. "He was a short guy that
smokes a cgar," sad Moore. "|He| ooked rea aggravated. He was randomy
shootng; he shot four tmes."
In fact, the poce report had prevousy stated Moore's dentfcaton n more
postve terms:
Moore recognzed the suspect as the andord who rented the house out pror to
Twey vng there & knew hm as havng a whte Toyota pck up & he sad that
was hm, meanng the suspect.
As f to add more grst to the m, Khad and an assocate had shown up at
Twey's house the prevous day and had smashed a brck through her wndow.
Moore tod me he recognzed Khad by hs baseba cap, cgar, and whte pck-up.
I began to suspect that Todd's refusa to prosecute came from DA Robert Macy,
who had bndy cooperated wth the |ustce Department by refusng to pursue a
oca nvestgaton of the bombng. Todd dsmssed that noton. "It's very, very rare
when he's nvoved n the decne or acceptance of charges," she sad, then added,
"I fet there were some probems wth the wtnesses statements."
|642|
Athough ntay pote, when I suggested that Khad mght be nvoved n the
bombng, and that she shoud re-open the case, she turned suddeny hoste, and
sad, "I'm gonna' go back to work. Ths case s cosed," then abrupty hung up.
Some tme ater, Mke |ohnston, a oca attorney famar wth the case, ran nto
Assstant U.S. Attorney Ted Rchardson n the courthouse. |ohnston rased the ssue
of Sam Khad. "Oh you must have been takng to that guy from San Francsco,"
Rchardson reped, referrng to the author. When |ohnston sad that he had
geaned hs nformaton from other sources as we, and suggested that Rchardson
ook nto the matter, Rchardson ooked at hs watch and sad, "We Mke, that's an
nterestng theory. I gotta' run."
|643|*
As for Genn Moore, he tod me he was beng foowed by Khad and ddn't want to
get nvoved. And Sharon Twey? Moore sad she was scared and had probaby
moved back to Georga.
Was Khad guty of assaut wth a deady weapon? Was he nvoved n the
bombng? Hs attorney, Francs Courbos, put t eoquenty when he sad, ".he s
typca of those mmgrants who work hard to acheve the opportuntes Amerca
offers."
Indeed.
In 1973, Khad was convcted of Grand Larceny.
190
In 1991, he was ndcted n Federa Court on eght counts of nsurance fraud, whch
ncuded settng fres to some of hs 500-pus propertes. He served nne months
out of a year at E Reno Federa Prson.
|644|
Robert Kuck, a former empoyee of Khad's, tod the FBI that Khad had
nstructed hm to set fres to four of hs propertes. When agents questoned Kuck
and hs wfe about Khad's assocatons, Mrs. Kuck burted out, "We don't want to
get Sam |Khad| n any troube," whereupon the agents mmedatey advsed
Kuck of hs Mranda rghts.
Kuck ater |umped bond and fed to Caforna after camng he had receved
"threatenng phone cas." He ddn't say from whom.
|645|*
Yet the FBI's nterest seemed to ay more n Khad's connectons to the PLO than n
arson. Accordng to Northrop, the FBI nvestgated Khad for aeged PLO actvty n
1991. Khad's attorney nssted that t woud have been precsey the FBI's nterest
n Khad - "the mcroscope under whch he, as a Paestnan, has been montored"
- whch woud have reveaed any wrongdong.
For a ntents and purposes, Sam Khad appears to be |ust what hs awyer says he
s, a hard-workng mmgrant out to acheve the opportuntes Amerca has to offer.
A 56-year-od Paestnan, Khad was born Samr Abdu-Ghan Sharf Khad, and
emgrated to the U.S. from Kuwat n 1968.
|646|
He receved hs M.A. from
Okahoma Cty Unversty n 1975, hs Ph.D. n psychoogy from O.U. n 1979, and
went on to teach at pubc schoos and at nearby Tnker Ar Force base. He aso dd
a bref stnt n the Okahoma Department of Human Servces.
|647|
Khad cams to have reatves n |ordan, Saud Araba, and Iraq, who provded the
money for hs educaton and rea-estate nvestments. In 1982, Khad qut teachng
and devoted hmsef fu-tme to hs burgeonng rea-estate busness. By 1995 he
had acqured over 500 propertes, mosty through HUD, the federa agency
beseged wth corrupton n the ate '70s and eary '80s.
|648|
Han Kama was surprsed when I tod hm Khad owned over 500 propertes: "In
the '70s ths son-of-a-btch dd not have a dme to hs name. He coudn't survve.
He used to ask me for money. Where dd he get 500 propertes? Where dd the
money come from?"
Kama, who camed to have worked wth the Insurance Fraud Dvson of the FBI
(Brownng sad he was merey an nformant), beeves Khad s a money aunderer.
"Khad shoud be a monare wth that much property," excamed Kama, "but he
ves n a dapdated shack on 32nd Street." Sure enough, Khad makes hs home
n a run-down, ow-ncome part of town. It s Kama's opnon that Khad s |ust an
"errand boy," and somebody ese reay owns the propertes.
Northrop agrees. He says the money to fund ths burgeonng rea estate empre
comes from the PLO, whch nstructs hm on how to ve for appearance' sake.
191
Northrop aso ndcated that Khad's cam of numerous reatves - an apparenty
fase cam - merey provdes a cover for the funneng of money to hs busness.
Do these argey crcumstanta facts make Sam Khad a terrorst? That depends
on who you tak to. Accordng to Northrop:
|By nformaton and beef| Khad s a ong-standng partcpant n PLO fund-rasng
actvtes n the Unted States. He s most probaby a sub-ce eader, part of the
nteectua frnge that gude the ce, a cassc Russan Nhstc Terrorst structure.
The destructon of the frin%e leadershi* can be seen n the so-caed S*ook War
between the Israes and the PLO that took pace n Europe and the Mdde East
between 1972 (the Munch Massacre) and 1986 (the death of Abu |had).
Khad fts the pattern of the we-funded, we-educated father fgure who takes
care of hs fock, remanng outside the center core of sub-ce foot soders (the hel
n the Nhstc structure).
|649|
A West 57th Street documentary descrbed how fund-rasng by nsurance fraud s
a cassc PLO technque. The May, 1989 epsode, entted, "Paestnans: Drty
Busness," focused mosty on nsurance fraud n Mam n the eary to md-'80s.
Sunrse, Forda Poce detectve Don Cannon sad the money was "beng sent back
to fund the PLO or the PFLP or the (ntifida0.
The prncpas of ths fund-rasng scheme, CBS reported, haed from the West
Bank town of Der Dbwan. Reporter Karen Burnes receved confrmaton from the
FBI that a number of scams were gong on throughout the U.S. at the tme.
|650|
One method of rasng money nvoved sma store owners who woud open
busnesses, buyng merchandse on credt, then qucky cose shop and vansh wth
the proceeds. There were other scams. Caforna nsurance awyer Gordon Park
tod CBS, "What they woud do s throw a brck through ther front wndow and say,
'Ok, gosh, I got burgarzed.'"
|651|
In Brookyn, nvestgators dscovered a phony coupon redempton center run by
Mahumud Abouhama - currenty servng 240 years n prson for hs roe n the
Word Trade Center bombng.
|652|
"Insurance scams frst surfaced n the Unted States n the md-1970's," wrote
Northrop, "when Caforna authortes busted a PLO ce n Los Angees." The Israe
sad that Khad traves to Israe at east once a year, and avods any contact wth
the PLO, but communcates through a "cut-out," a member of hs famy. Northrop
aso stated that Khad had been transferrng funds from the Bank of Okahoma n
Tusa to Bank Hapom, an Israe bank n |erusaem:
The sgnatory on ths partcuar account n Israe s a member of the Nashashb
can, a promnent Paestnan famy who ve n |erusaem and the surroundng
192
area (West Bank). These funds have been used to hep fnance 'Paestnan
aspratons" (and a that mpes).
|653|
Whe ths nformaton n tsef s argey crcumstanta, t begns to ook ess
excupatory when combned wth other evdence.
In May of 1996, U.S. Customs agents n Los Angees sezed a shpment of weapons
- Semtex pastc exposves and sma arms - bound for Forda. The North
Korean-manufactured ordnance had been shpped through Mana, and was bound
for a Hamas group n Mam.
The co-founder of Isamc |had - a cose cousn of Hamas - Fath Shkak, had
been assassnated n Syra by the Shn Bet (Israe Secret Servce) n October of
1995. Isamc |had now needed a new eader, and they sought hm n Professor
Ramadan Abduah Shaah, an ad|unct potca scence teacher at the Unversty of
South Forda n Tampa.
Shaah co-founded the Word and Isam Study Enterprse (WISE), nked to the
Isamc Commttee for Paestne, both of whch have been accused by federa
authortes of frontng for terrorst groups.
Whe Shaah vehementy dened these aegatons, he suddeny appeared n Syra
n November of 1995 as the new head of Isamc |had.
Cary Gagan cams to have seen Shaah n ate 1994 and February of '95 at
Caesar's Paace and The Racetrack - two Las Vegas casnos. "Who s ths dude?"
Gagan asked Khad about the short, fat, badng man wth a mustache and beard.
Gagan was smpy tod he was a professor from Forda.
Shaah aso appeared n Teheran n |une of 1996 as HzbAah Internatona was
organzng ts |ont workng commttee to coordnate nternatona terrorst attacks.
Authortes ater dscovered that Shaah had been |had's number two man n
Tampa.
|654|
Whe the Forda group had made threats over the extradton of one of ther
operatves - Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzuk - to Israe, the FBI and the |ewsh
communty hadn't taken them serousy. After the Okahoma Cty bombng
however, and the ntercepton of the arms shpment n May, the scenaro changed.
The FBI and the |ewsh communty were now takng a keen nterest n the Mam
group.
Back n Houston, Northrop was checkng nto some PLO suspects. He punched up
an nqury nto the Aman (Israe mtary ntegence) computer on Hussan a-
Hussan. It came up empty.
But the FBI had a st of 27 PLO and Hamas operatves n Forda and Okahoma.
Ten of those ndvduas had prevousy been arrested by the Israes n March of
193
'96, and the FBI needed ther hep. When an Israe agent n New York named Av
ran the names through the computer, he notced Northrop's nqury on Hussan.
He caed Northrop and asked hm to fy to Mam.
What Northrop dscovered when he arrved was that the same group he had been
nvestgatng n Okahoma and Houston had been seen n Mam. Hussan a-
Hussan, Sam Khad, |affer Oshan, and Hader a-Saad - sx to seven n a -
were postvey ID'd by Israe Sayanm n Ft. Lauderdae. They were there,
accordng to sources, meetng wth members of Hamas.
It appears that the Khad famy's actvtes n the terrorst underword date back at
east to 1982. Accordng to Army CID (Army Crmna Investgaton Dvson)
records, Khad's brother Mke, (AKA: Ahmed Khad, Mke Yousf, Wahd S. Yousf),
was nvoved wth a group of Iranans n Huntsve, Aabama who were romancng
oca femae ensted personne n an attempt to procure mtary secrets.
|655|
Yousf/Khad's msson was to court a woman named Waker from Tuskumbee, AL,
whom he had met n Okahoma Cty n ate 1982, when they worked together at
Shotgun Sam's Pzza Paror. Waker's brother, |mmy, was the pot for Genera
Robert L. Moore, Commander of the Redstone Arsena U.S. Army Msse Command
n Huntsve. As commander, Moore had responsbty for the Army's msse
program worldwide.
|656|*
"What he had wanted, accordng to her," sad a retred Army crmna nvestgator
who wshes to reman anonymous, "was a knds of nformaton about Genera
Moore."
|657|
Moore aso recaed the case. He tod me the Army had stepped up securty around
hm durng ths tme. Interestngy, ths was around the same tme that attacks on
U.S. mtary nstaatons were occurrng n Europe.
|658|
The Army nvestgator aso recaed that "Huntsve, Aabama, at that tme, was a
hotbed of esponage. There were 27 known KGB agents n Huntsve. They were
known. They were known to the Bureau (FBI); they were known to mtary
ntegence."
Ths esponage actvty was due to the cose proxmty of Redstone Msse
Command, NASA's Marsha Space Fght Center, and smar hgh-tech factes
ocated throughout the area. The nvestgator has no doubts that the Iranans and
the KGB were cooperatng.
Ths account aso |ves wth Gagan's story. The Sovets had asked Gagan's hep n
obtanng cassfed nformaton from hs frend at Martn-Maretta. Later, the
Sovets ntroduced the nformant to a man named Hamd who needed fake
documentaton for ega Iranans enterng the country.
194
"Back at the tme we had a bg probem wth Iranans," sad the former CID
nvestgator, "a bg probem. They were aways tryng to nftrate the arsena. A
number of them were attendng Aabama A&M Unversty under student vsas, but
most of them ddn't go to schoo. They were nvoved n a ot of dfferent crmna
enterprses, drugs, stoen property, prosttuton, a sorts of thngs.."
The suspects were aso nked to a strng of convenence stores. Interestngy,
Northrop beeves that Sam Khad s a "money man" for Arab mmgrants wshng
to open busnesses - namey convenence stores. Those wshng to do so must
spt the profts wth the "money man" ffty-ffty. Coud ths be another PLO fundng
scam?
CID opened ther case on Yousf/Khad n September of 1982. "Durng the course of
a ths, to verfy that the guy was rea, we got hs phone number. and I caed the
number one nght, and I asked for Ahmed Khad, and ths guy got on the phone
and sad, 'I don't know hm.' And I sad, 'We, t's got to be you. I got to tak to you
- t's mportant.' Twenty-four hours ater that guy was n Tuskumbee, AL."
Lke hs brother Sam, Wahd was never prosecuted. "The FBI |offcay| took no
nterest.. Another CID nvestgator got reprmanded by our SAC, because he went
and dd ths (ntervewed Waker). That was the tota gst of the FBI's
nvovement."
|659|
The Army nvestgator's experences paraeed that of Gagan's. "That's a pretty
common thread when you dea wth them (the FBI)," Gagan expaned. "You brng
them nformaton, and you never hear another word about t."
Forda poce who nvestgated Arab nks to nsurance scams and organzed crme
receved the same treatment from the FBI. "Peope ddn't want to nvestgate ths,"
sad a poce detectve I spoke wth. "Thngs weren't rght. It was as f someone was
ookng at ths and sayng, 'stay away from t.'"
|660|*
In spte of the FBI's stonewang, the Army nvestgator remembers the case we:
"The femae soders woud go out at nght to the dfferent cubs and dscos and
stuff. we caught one out there, and he supposedy ran a convenence store.. And
we caught hm on the arsena..
"Hassan Nakossary - he was the bg eader of ths gang. He was assocated wth a
oca gangster named Dewy Brazeton, who ran a cub caed the Push Horse. He
had a ot of Cosa Nostra connectons nto New York - a ot. Hassan worked for
hm."
|661|
Mdde Eastern terrorsts nvoved n esponage wth the KGB, assocated wth the
Mob? The Army nvestgator sad Nakossary traveed frequenty to Las Vegas, a
known Mob town. So does Wahd's brother, Sam Khad. A reguar hgh roer,
Khad reportedy shows up wth at east $10,000 n hs pocket.
195
As Han Kama ponted out, the Cosa Nostra has cooperated wth Iranans n money
aunderng n the past. Coud ths expan Khad's frequent vsts to Las Vegas?
Were hs trps part of a money aunderng operaton?
As Gunther Russbacher expaned, severa Las Vegas casnos, ncudng Bnyon's
Horseshoe, are pay-off ponts for potca and |udca sush-funds. Federa |udges
and others are aegedy pad off through Shamrock Deveopment Corp. n Ireand,
va off-shore banks and Las Vegas Casnos. The brbe recpents coect ther money
n the form of gambng chps, then cash them n.
Is Khad recevng money ths way? It's hard to say, but t s worth notng that the
CEO of Shamrock, Donad Lutz, was on the management staff of Sverado Savngs
& Loan, the S&L case tred by |udge Matsch, who woud ater try McVegh and
Nchos (Ne Bush, a board member of Sverado, waked).
And what about Omar's trp(s) to Kngman? It was there that Omar and Gagan
drove from Las Vegas, two weeks before the bombng. Why woud a hgh-roer ke
Omar drve to the dusty, soated desert town of Kngman? One possbe reason
may have been to make contact wth Tmothy McVegh, who was hoed up n the
Impera Mote at the tme.
Another reason may have revoved around drugs. Reca that Gagan's orgna
reatonshp wth Omar was under the guse of drug deang. "I brought some back
from Puerto Vaerta for hm," sad Gagan, "usng a camper wth a fase top.
through San Dego. At one tme I saw 10-15 kos. That's qute a bt of dope."
Reca that Gagan had devered a bag of cocane from Kngman to Denver (whch
contaned pastc exposves), and he beeves the $250,000 Omar pad hm came
from the Ca Carte.
|662|
As mentoned earer, on Apr 4, 1995, Gagan and Omar devered a package to a
man n a cowboy hat n Kngman, drvng a rusty brown pck-up. Authortes
reported that a brown pck-up, beongng to Steven Garrett Cobern, was caught on
Trooper Hanger's vdeo camera as he stopped McVegh on I-35 an hour and-a-haf
after the bombng.
|663|*
A chemst who knew McVegh under the aas of "Tm Tutte," Cobern had recenty
been spotted wth a bag of ammonum ntrate n hs truck. Hs roommate, Denns
Mazac, was beng hed on charges of arson for a sma exposon that had
damaged a house n town two months earer. That house was owned by Rocky
McPeak, a frend of McVegh's. Cobern, who shared a mabox n Kngman wth
McVegh, was absent from work four days pror to and ten days after the bombng.
He camed he was n Caforna vstng hs parents.
|664|
Interestngy, FBI agents dggng n the desert outsde Kngman for evdence, found
more than 150 pounds of ammonum ntrate bured n the sand.
|665|
196
Cobern was arrested n May of 1995, and reeased on Apr 23, 1997, after servng
tme n Lompac Federa Prson on ega weapons charges.
|666|
Despte the ncrmnatng connectons, Cobern dsappeared from the offca radar
screen amost as qucky as he had appeared. The Okahoma Hghway Patro vdeo
showng the brown pck-up - ke the numerous surveance tapes showng the
actvty at the Murrah Budng on the mornng of Apr 19 - was "sezed" by the
FBI.
Was Cobern the man to whom Omar devered the mysterous package on Apr 4?
Was the t meant for Tmothy McVegh?
Dd Khad meet Terry Nchos n Las Vegas n May of 1994? Were Nchos and
McVegh the "two sknny whte guys" he met at the Gtter Guch n November?
Was McVegh's yeow Mercury at Sahara Propertes as Erne Cranfed camed?
And was McVegh wth Hussan a-Hussan at the pawn shop and the Roadrunner
Tavern n Okahoma Cty as KFOR's wtnesses sad?
Utmatey, were McVegh, Nchos and ther frends n fact pottng wth Arab
extremsts to bow up the Afred P. Murrah Budng?
"He (McVegh) had mentoned before that he wanted to become a mercenary n
the Mdde East, because they pad the most," recaed former Army buddy Greg
Henry, "But we |ust took t as a |oke. But he's the knd of person that woud have
become that."
|667|
Was McVegh some sort of ntermedary between neo-Naz groups and Arab
terrorsts? Whe ths may sound bzarre, as prevousy noted, cooperaton between
such groups has been we documented.
The orgns of Arab-Naz coaboraton go back to WWII. The Muft of |erusaem, who
was Hter's guest, actuay rased Musm SS unts for the Naz war effort, cued
from Bosnan Musms and Arabs.
ODESSA, the Naz organzaton formed to funne support to ex-SS members,
arranged rendezvous wth representatves of varous Arab organzatons after the
war, as part of the Dues/McCoy/OSS Ratnes. Ths secret CIA operaton aso
funneed Nazs to varous Latn Amercan countres, where they set up "securty
servces" (death squads) for ther respectve government empoyers.
One ODESSA member, former Gestapo Chef Genera Ernest Rhemer, setted n the
Mdde East, where he set up ntegence operatons for severa Arab countres,
ncudng Syra and Egypt. Rhemer, who s currenty actve n the "Revsonst"
scene, for severa decades payed a key roe n coordnatng German Rght-wng
actvty wth the Arab word.
197
Aos Brunner, Adoph Echmann's chef, who murdered 128,500 peope durng the
Naz Hoocaust, payed an eary roe n Arab-Naz couson.
|668|
Aso payng a roe n Arab-Naz cooperaton was Hter's "favorte commando," Otto
"Scarface" Skorzeny, who heped nsta Game Abdu Nasser as Egyptan presdent
wth the assstance of an ete corps of former SS storm troopers. Skorzeny aso
heped tran eary PLO groups for commando rads nto Israe. The ardent Naz, who
convenenty mssed hs day at the Nuremberg tras courtesy of the U.S.
Government, was statoned n Egypt at the behest of the CIA.
|669|
One of Skorzeny's subordnates, a Swss Naz named Franos Genoud, served wth
Skorzeny's troops n Egypt. Genoud aso befrended A Hassan Saameh, the eader
of Back September, the group whch murdered nne Israe athetes durng the
1972 Munch Oympcs. Currenty a banker n Geneva, Genoud reportedy
mastermnded severa arpane h|ackngs for the PLO.
A cose frend of Genoud's, French attorney |acques Vergs, defended severa
members of the Popuar Front for the Lberaton of Paestne (PFLP), and spoke as a
"character" wtness on behaf of the notorous Gestapo chef Kaus Barbe (the
"Butcher of Lyon"), who murdered hundreds of French resstance fghters, and
deported 7,000 |ews to the death camps.
And as recenty as the eary 1980's, a neo-Naz named Odfred Hepp was
responsbe for attacks aganst at east four U.S. mtary and NATO nstaatons, as
we as German nghtcubs frequented by U.S. servcemen. Hepp worked wth the
PFLP, and was aso fnanced by Yasser Arafat's A Fatah, who n turn was supported
by Franos Genoud.
As another exampe of Arab-Naz coaboraton, when members of Abu Nda, and
Abu Abass' Paestne Lberaton Front (PLF) h|acked the Greek cruse shp Achille
3auro n 1985, they demanded Hepp's reease. "I know Hepp qute we," Abass tod
the French day 3i+eration n 1985. "He s a frend."
|670|
The German magazne "er S*ei%el reported on a group of neo-Nazs caed
Kampfsportgruppe, headed by a man named Hoffmann (a Hoffmann member had
bown hmsef up, aong wth 11 others, at the Oktoberfest ceebraton n Munch n
1981). Kampfsportgruppe, t seemed, was connected to terrorst groups n Berut.
|671|
At the same tme, a number of German terrorsts have reportedy been traned
n Paestnan camps n |ordan, South Yemen, Syra, and Iraq.
Iraq arms deaer Ishan Barbout met wth former Naz scentst Voker Wesshemer
n order to recrut other former Nazs to work on Lbyan and Iraq chemca
weapons pro|ects.
|672|
The Syrans - who are we-known sponsors of terrorsm - offered fundng to
Robert Mathews, the former eader of The Order, aso known as "Der Buders
Schwegen" (The Sent Brotherhood). Mathews, who was ked n a shoot-out wth
198
poce n 1984, had ssued a "Decaraton of War" aganst the so-caed "Zonst
Occuped Government, ncudng |ews, backs, Hspancs, Asans and whte "race
trators" who ddn't agree wth whte supremacst goas. Mathews' Order was
responsbe for a strng of armored car robberes and the machne-gun kng of
|ewsh tak show host Aen Berg n Denver.
As dscussed earer, reports of other Mdde-Eastern "terrorst" states such as
Lbya fundng or offerng fundng to neo-Naz and other dssdent groups such as
the Back Musms and the E Rukns has been reported. One of Lbya's prmary
benefcares was the Naton of Isam (NOI), whose eader, Lous Farrakhan,
receved $5 mon doars from Lbyan Presdent Muammar a-Oaddaf.
As prevousy dscussed, Farrakhan's predecessor, E|ah Muhammad, had formed a
pact wth the KKK and Amercan Naz Party n 1961. Ths unusua aance stretched
rght up to the present day. In the fa of 1992, WAR eader Tom Metzger appeared
on the Whoop Godberg Show preachng the benefts of young backs |onng the
NOI.
In 1985, Metzger and Farrakhan spoke together n Los Angees, and n October of
1996, Davd Irvng, a Brtsh Naz Hoocaust Revsonst, showed up wth a par of
NOI bodyguards.
Twenty-fve year DEA veteran Mke Levne descrbed to me the unque connecton
between Nazs and Arab terrorsts: "Years ago I was undercover n the Amercan
Naz party, and t was an odd mx of peope that I ran nto. Frst of a, I'm very
dark, and my undercover I.D. sad I was Itaan - Mke Pcano. But, what I found
nterestng was that members of the Amercan Naz party were Arabs, you know,
|and| there were ght-sknned Latnos. There were Arab members of the
Amercan Naz Party gong a the way back to 1968, when I was a member. The
mutua hatred was the |ews and the backs.
|673|
As Levne says, the tes that bnd these two seemngy dsparate groups s a
oathng of the U.S. and hatred of "Word |ewry," whch they see as the domnatng
force behnd a word potca and fnanca power.
In Apr of 1991, Ahmed Ram, European correspondent for Al Shaa+ newspaper,
urged a "Western Intfada" aganst aeged |ewsh domnance. Ram's ca was
dupcated n severa Rght-wng German pubcatons, ncudng "eutsche
Rundschall/ Remer "e*esche, and Recht 2nd Wahrheit/ whch wrote:
One can say that the ony wnner of WWII was the organzed Word |ewry.
attaned through Auschwtz, a never-before exstng freedom to unrestrcted
deveopment of power. Today, |ews contro a mportant postons of power n the
U.S.A.
Smar twsted sentments were echoed by the Isamc Assocaton of Paestne,
whch pubshed a communqu urgng Musms to de n a hoy war aganst |ews,
199
who they ca "enemes of humanty, the boodsuckers, and the kers of prophets."
The prncpe Amercan support group of Hamas, s the IAP n Daas, Texas.
Accordng to ABC 20/20 reporter Tom |arre, aw-enforcement sources sad that
Iranans had emgrated to the U.S. for the purpose of "recrutng" Amercans for
homegrown terrorsm. The |anuary, 1996 epsode focused on Davd Befed (AKA
Daoud Saahuddn), a young back man who became dsenchanted wth Amercan
soca and economc fe and was drawn to the mtant Isamc movement.
In 1980, Saahuddn assassnated a former Iranan Embassy offca, A Tabataba,
who had advocated the overthrow of the Ayatoah Khoman. Lke Cary Gagan's
"Iranan" frends who had panned to bomb a federa budng usng a posta truck
packed wth exposves, Saahuddn used a posta |eep to gan entry nto the
offca's home. He then fed the U.S. and assmated hmsef nto the Arab terrorst
underground. Accordng to the report, Saahuddn was typca of many young back
maes ndoctrnated nto the Isamc fath by Iranan agents, who convnced them
that terrorsm was a egtmate means of protest.
Wth the hep of Washngton, D.C. prvate nvestgator Car Schoffer, ABC 20/20
nvestgators were abe to obtan poce ntegence reports whch estabshed that
"the Ayatoah had estabshed a recrutng and tranng program wthn the U.S. for
home-grown terrorsts."
Cang themseves the Isamc Guerras n Amerca (IGA), the group, orgnay
comprsed of approxmatey a dozen young back men, became nvoved n
murder, bank robbery, and threats on the ves of |udges and prosecutors.
Regardng the assassnaton of Tabataba, Saahuddn tod 20/20, "I assume that
the decson came from what was the Revoutonary Counc n Iran, n Tehran.
That's my assumpton."
Another of Saahuddn's cose pas was Ceven Hot, who under hs Isamc name,
Isa Abduah, fought aganst the Israes n Lebanon and was seen extensvey
outsde the Marne Corps compound n Berut |ust before t was bombed n 1983.
Shoffer recas that Abduah was once arrested whe casng Ar Force One, the
Presdenta |et..
Accordng to Schoffer, "There are cear sgns that constant recrutment's gong on.
."
|674|
Some of ths recrutment was for a group known as a-Fuqua, whch cams
between 200 and 300 operatona members. A spnter from the Da'ar a-Isam
sect, a-Fuqra was founded n Brookyn n 1980 by a Pakstan cerc named Shaykh
Mubark A Gan. A-Fuqra's nternatona headquarters s n Lahore, Pakstan, and
they mantan strong tes to both Pakstan ntegence and the Mu|ahadeen.
|675|
200
The group, whch s based on the cassca terrorst ce structure, s thought to
have at east fve operatona ces n the U.S., and s suspected of 17 bombngs
and assassnatons throughout the country, ncudng the murder of at east 12
peope.
|676|
In September of 1989, the FBI confscated the contents of a storage ocker n
Coorado Sprngs owned by a-Fuqra members, ncudng 30 pounds of exposves
(three ppe-bombs, homemade pastc exposves, hand-grenades, mnes, fuses,
mercury swtches and tmng devces), weapons (10 handguns and sencers),
mtary manuas, bomb-makng nstructons, a photo of Shek Omar Abde Rahman,
target-practce shouettes wth such headngs as "FBI Ant-Terrorst Team" and
"Zonst Pg." Aso ncuded n the ot were pans to attack Coorado mtary
nstaatons, and Coorado uttes and avaton nfrastructures.
|677|
Cary Gagan was aready famar wth A Fuqra from hs tme n prson. Omar had
asked Gagan to "take care of" an a-Fuqra member named "Edde," shoud he ca.
Gagan beeves the man was Edward Fnton, a Coorado-based a-Fuqra member
charged wth conspracy to commt murder n the August 1984 frebombng of a
Hare Krshna tempe, and the February 1993 murder of Rashd Khafa, an Iman of
a Tucson mosque.
|678|
In August of 1995, sx months after the bombng n Okahoma Cty, "Edde" caed.
Gagan met the a-Fuqra member, and the two aegedy dscussed pans to
detonate car bombs outsde the Governor's Manson, the Attorney Genera's offce,
the Department of Labor and Empoyment, and the Coorado Bureau of
Investgaton (CBI).
|679|
The pan ncuded not ony bowng up budngs - but assassnatng a federa
|udge - Lews Babcock. Babcock was one of severa |udges and federa agents on
the terrorsts' ht st.
"He was my guy up here," sad Gagan. "I was to take hm out."
The dea was to take Babcock's upstars neghbor, |ohn Strader, hostage, te hm
up, then pant a bomb n hs apartment. Apparenty, ths tme the U.S. Marshas
took Gagan's warnng serousy. A ca to Babcock and Strader confrmed that the
|udge had extra securty around hm durng ths tme. Nevertheess, Gagan sad
Agent |ames Tafoya ddn't want to foow up.
|680|
On October 20, 1995, Gagan returned to Denver at the behest of hs "Hzboah"
contact, where he met two Amercans named "Pau" and "Dane" at the Broadway
Paza Mote. "I had |ust come back from Kngman, where I dropped off money to a
mta-ookng dude," sad Gagan. The men dscussed bombng targets n Denver
and Phoenx. "Dane deas wth these dudes (a-Fuqra)," sad Gagan. "They were
connected to Hzboah."
|681|
201
Athough the agences targeted for the attacks stepped up securty at these
factes, the FBI began a concerted effort to dscredt Gagan.
Then n eary February, Gagan says he met at the Tomahawk Truck Stop n
Watkns, Coorado, where he heped oad approxmatey 300 pounds of hgh-grade
exposves aegedy stoen from Exposves Fabrcators. Aso oaded nto a van
were ant-tank weapons stoen from the Army, eectronc crcutry, and boxes of
chemcas marked Ammonum Scate. Gagan says he drove the van to Denver,
whereupon he contacted Agent Matt Traver of the ATF.
Gagan sad he nformed FBI Agents |ohnson and Hotsaw and U.S. Attorneys
Ason and Soano. Gagan tod Hotsaw he woud take a Poygraph test, requested
that he confrm the status of hs Immunty Letter, and meet wth hs famy to
assure them that precautons woud be taken for ther safety. Gagan aeges that
Hotsaw refused, and ceased a contact wth hm. The FBI cams that Gagan
refused to take a Poygraph, and was therefore unreabe.
Yet Gagan's nvovement wth a-Fuqra s sgnfcant n ght of severa factors. Frst,
Cement Rodney Hampton-E and Ear Gant, both a-Fuqra members, were ndcted
n the Word Trade Center bombng and the subsequent pot to bow up four New
York Cty andmarks by Shek Omar Abde Rahman's |ama a Isamya. Hampton had
fought wth Gubaddn Hekmatyar's Hzb-I-Isam (Isamc Party) durng the Afghan
War, and asssted n the testng of exposves for the New York Cty bombngs,
athough he ddn't actuay take part n the fna pot.
|682|
Second, a-Fuqra s agned, not ony wth Pakstan ntegence, whch supports the
Mu|ahadeen (Word Trade Center bomber Ramz Yousef s a Pakstan who
reportedy fought aongsde the Mu|ahadeen), but to the HzbAah Internatona
through eaders such as Gubaddn Hekmatyar. A-Fuqra's contacts aso ncude
Hamas, and the Moro Lberaton Front, based n the Phppnes, where Terry
Nchos and Ramz Yousef aegedy rendezvoused.
Thrd, an ndvdua camng to be the brother of the frend of a man nvoved n
the pot caed Okahoma State Representatve Key to provde hm wth nformaton
after the bombng. Accordng to the anonymous caer, one of the bombers was a
back Musm. He spoke of a man named "Coone Hardn" from Arzona, whose
"supposed to be deepy nvoved n ths, aong wth some wth some Mdde Eastern
and some back Musms."
The reader shoud take note that ths conversaton occurred before any dscusson
of Mdde Eastern nvovement became pubc as a resut of Stephen |ones' Wrt or
other nvestgatons:
Caller: So, accordng to hm there was nne peope that he knows of that was
supposedy nvoved n ths. Now there was. there was two whte guys and a back
dude. And he sad that he thought one of the whte guys coud possby be a short-
hared gr that she ooked ke she mght be from the Mdde East or somethng.
202
But the second tme that he saw the car, he sad t was about ten mnutes before
the bombng, he sad they drove up to hm and tod hm to get the he out, that
there was gonna' be a bomb. And he sad t was the same car ony that t had the
whte guy and the back dude n t. The other person, he sad thought mght be a
femae wasn't n the car at that tme. Now ths about ten mnutes before..
And ths back dude-he's a member of the Naton of Isam, but he's aso pror
servce mtary. And ths stupd asshoe, he supposedy caed Channe Four after
the bombng, camng credt for t.
Key: We I heard that. I forget who caed n to where but somebody caed n and
sad, you know, t was the Naton of Isam.
Caller: We, he was supposed to have been the one. And another thng. Channe
Four sad ate ast nght that ths eg was supposed to have had some PVC
embedded t. And, you know, you use PVC ppe to pack pastc exposves n. It
greaty ncreases the detonaton of t and the shear power of t, and t's aso a tdy
way of handng t.
|683|
Fnay, there s the undentfed eg found n the rubbe of the Murrah Budng. The
severed eg, aegedy beongng to a back femae, was cothed n combat boots,
two pars of socks, and an ove mtary-ssue bousng strap.
Authortes eventuay camed the eg beonged to 21-year-od Ar Force Arman
Lakesha Levy, who was n the Soca Securty offce at the tme of the bast.
|684|
What s strange s that there were eght bodes wth mssng or severed mbs. If
the eg was cothed n mtary garb, t shoud have been a smpe task to match t
wth Levy, who kewse woud have been wearng a mtary unform. Eventhough
Levy was bured before ths eg was found, t shoud have been a smpe task to go
back and see whch of the bodes wth severed mbs beonged to mtary
personne wearng mtary unforms. Yet authortes orgnay bured a dfferent eg
wth Levy before fndng ths one on May 30.
The State Medca Examner's Offce orgnay camed the eg beonged to a whte
or ght-sknned mae, most key under 30 year of age. Ths fndng was ater
recanted by the FBI, who "decded" that t beonged to Levy. Of course, By statng
the eg beonged to Levy, the FBI convenenty removed a specuaton as to whom
the eg reay beonged to. As Stephen |ones stated, "|Perhaps| the experts are
more nterested n provng the non-exstence of a dfferent bomber at the scene
than vadatng the Okahoma Medca Examner."
|685|
Coud the undentfed eg have actuay beonged to the rea bomber - a back
Musm prepared to sacrfce hmsef or hersef for the cause? Perhaps ths expans
why authortes aegedy recovered no bodes that matched ths eg. It s possbe
the eg beonged to an addtona bomber who was dsntegrated by the bast. Ths
coud aso expan the confused ook Dana Bradey wtnessed on |ohn Doe 2's face
203
after he waked to the back of the Ryder truck. Perhaps upon openng the door, he
was confronted wth a comrade who ordered hm away, then set off the devce,
neaty severng hmsef or hersef n the process.
Whe the Naton of Isam (NOI) are supposedy enemes of A Fuqra, t shoud be
ponted out that the NOI has forged nks wth the KKK, the Amercan Naz Party,
and Tom Metzger's Whte Aryan Resstance (WAR).
The Tusa, Okahoma eader of WAR, Denns Mahon, freey admtted to Wam
|asper and other |ournasts that the Iraqs pad hm $100-a-month - $4800 tota
- between 1991 and 1995, to str up dssent among the neo-Naz/Whte
Supremacst communty aganst the Guf War sanctons. (At east Mahon beeves
the money came from the Iraq embassy.)
|686|
A former Grand Dragon of the Ku Kux Kan, Mahon had vsted Germany n an
effort to recrut young Germans nto the KKK. Aso reca that durng the Guf War,
the Ant-Zonst League's Mchae Khnen, workng wth hs od mercenary frend
Mche Fac, negotated a contract to provde 200 German, Amercan and Brtsh
neo-Naz vounteers to fght aongsde Iraq troops.
As prevousy dscussed, Khnen was succeeded by a man named Hubner, who has
spoken wth Krk Lyons at meetngs of the group "Deutsche Aternatve." Lyons'
cent was Mchae Bresca's roommate Andreas Strassmer, a good frend of Denns
Mahon's. A frequent vstor to Eohm Cty, Mahon was cose frends wth Bresca.
He amost certany knew Bresca's frend, Tmothy McVegh.
Agan, the queston must be asked: Were McVegh, Nchos, and ther comrades n
fact pottng wth Arab extremsts and ther back Musms counterparts to bow up
the Federa Budng, and was Iraq behnd t?
As the Washin%ton )ost1s |ack Anderson stated: "A preferabe revenge for Iraq
woud nvove havng a 1surro%ate terrorist1 carry out a domestc attack that
Hussen coud prvatey take credt for."
Anderson's anayss may be rather prescent. States and ther ntegence agences
have beng usng terrorst groups as "cut-outs" for years n order to mantan
denabty. "efense 5 Forei%n Affairs, stated t thusy:
.despte the mportant evouton n the roe of the terrorst organzatons and
other enttes through the HzbAah Internatona, the actua contro over the
operatons themseves remans frmy n the hands of, and under the tght contro
of, the sponsorng states, beng perpetrated by operatves of ntegence servces.
.
It s through these "organzatons" that the sponsorng states n effect take credt
for ther terrorst operatons and have ther message cear and expct. Gven the
marked escaaton of nternatona terrorsm and the hgher stakes nvoved, the
204
mportance of the front groups "speakng" for the sponsorng states - partcuary
Iran and the goba Isamc Revouton t s runnng - s of growng mportance and
centraty to nternatona terrorsm.
|687|
Another exampe of such methodoogy was the Word Trade Center bombng. As
Ramz Yousef's accompce Mahmud Abu Hama put t, "The panned act was not
as bg as what subsequenty occurred.. Yousef showed up on the scene. and
escaated the nta pot.. Yousef used |Saameh and the others|. as pawns and
then mmedatey after the bast eft the country."
|688|
Some terrorsm experts thnk
Yousef was workng for Iraq.
Stephen |ones beeves a smar pan unfoded n Okahoma Cty. As he stated n
hs March 25th Wrt of Mandamus:
The pan was arranged for a Mdde Eastern bombng engneer to engneer the
bomb n such a way that t coud be carefuy transported and successfuy
detonated. There s no reported ncdent of neo-Nazs or extreme Rght-wng
mtants n ths country expodng any bomb of any sgnfcant sze, et aone one
to brng down a nne (9) story federa budng and k 168 persons.. Ths terrorst
attack was "contracted out" to persons whose organzaton and deoogy was
frendy to poces of the foregn power and ncuded dske and hatred of the
Unted States government tsef, and possby ncuded was a desre for revenge
aganst the Unted States..
|689|
In November of 1994, Gagan sad he made a trp to Mexco Cty wth Omar, where
he ran nto a famar face amongst the terrorst crowd - Frank Terp. "I saw hm
down n Mexco Cty. wth Omar," recaed Gagan. "We met hm n the Zona Rosa
area."
A retred CIA communcatons specast, Terp had been convcted, aong wth
rogue CIA agent Edwn Wson, of seng 20 tons of C-4 pastc exposves and
50,000 eectronc tmers to the Lbyan government.
Terp had aso ned hs pockets by suppyng torture devces to Ugandan Dctator
Id Amn, and sophstcated detonators and communcatons equpment to the
Popuar Front for the Lberaton of Paestne. He and Wson had aso set up a
terrorst tranng camp n Lbya, and had recruted U.S. Green Berets to tran Arab
terrorsts n bombng and assassnaton technques.
After beng ndcted, Terp fed the country, and was ast seen hdng out n Cuba,
unt he showed up n Mexco Cty. wth Omar. "They met at the bar," sad Gagan.
"Terp and Omar spoke for about ffteen mnutes, aone."
"Who's that dude?" Gagan asked Omar as they eft the bar.
"An ex-CIA agent named Terp," came the answer. "He ves n Cuba."
205
"Frank Terp? I thought he was dead? What's up wth hm?"
"He ves n Cuba. He's hands-off.."
Consderng Terp's we-documented reatonshp wth Arab terrorsts, and hs
"wanted" status n the U.S., t s understandabe why he woud choose to meet
Omar n Mexco Cty.
Gagan hmsef was no stranger to Mexco Cty. As prevousy dscussed, the Sovets
had socted Gagan's hep n 1980 to procure mtary secrets from hs frend at
Martn Maretta. They requested hs hep agan n 1986 to assst ega Iranan
mmgrants who needed fase IDs.
Whe n Mexco Gagan had aso met an Austran, Eduard Bodenzayer, a Sovet spy,
and had been to the Russan embassy repeatedy. As he tod Stephen |ones, "My
contacts there were a guy named Vaery and Eya."
Dd Omar, Sam Khad, or ther assocates have contact wth the Russans?
Consderng Khad's reported tes to the PLO and Hamas, and the ong hstory of
Sovet-Arab cooperaton, t s hghy key.
Lke Nazs and neo-Nazs who've forged nks wth Arab terrorsts, the Sovets have
provded wde-rangng support to Arab terrorst groups throughout the years. As
|ames Phps of the Hertage Foundaton wrtes:
Durng the 1970s the Sovet Unon and ts satetes greaty expanded ther support
for terrorst groups. Moscow often used Mdde Eastern cent states such as Iraq,
Lbya, Syra, and the former Peope's Democratc Repubc of South Yemen as
ntermedares to mask Sovet arms, tranng, ntegence, and ogstca support for
a wde varety of terrorst groups.
|690|
If the Russans were sponsorng ther Arab frends n terrorsm, t s key the Arabs
may have wshed to mantan further denabty by engagng the assstance of
Amercan neo-Nazs. Ths possbty became more apparent as connectons were
drawn, not ony between Denns Mahon and Iraq embassy offcas, but between
Terry Nchos and Iraq terrorst Ramz Yousef, and between Tmothy McVegh and
former Iraq soder Hussan a-Hussan.
Ths kehood became cearer after ntervewng Mchee Torres, the daughter of a
former Communst Party offca (P.R.T. Party) n Mexco Cty. An ntegent young
woman, Mchee had been rased under the harsh regmentaton of a person
destned for a poston n the Communst Party, but had rebeed, and at age 17,
fed to the Unted States.
Torres recaed the numerous and strange faces that woud often pass through her
home and her father's offce. Arab men from |ordan, Paestne, Iraq. she was not
aowed to ask them ther names or ther busness.
|691|
206
Torres aso camed to have overheard conversatons between her father and PLO
representatves some years earer. The meetngs, she sad, nvoved dscussons of
a bombng pot to be carred out n the U.S.
It was the wnter of 1992, and Mchee's father, Hrram Torres, was workng n the
offce of the PLO n Mexco Cty. He was speakng wth a man from Paestne, and
another from |ordan or possby Iraq. In broken Engsh, Torres recounts the
conversaton:
Torres: They were sayng: "What do you thnk about the new pan?" And the other
man says: "We, we can. the Russan offcers tod us we can probaby bame the
fascsts." You know what I mean? "Amercans - the Amercan Patrots, and a the
stupd stuff wth the whte supremacsts and the neo-Nazs. So we can gve two
strkes at once."
5offman: Dd he expan what he meant by two strkes?
Torres: They ddn't expan t but I understood t.
5offman: Dd they say anythng about the Patrot Movement or the Mta
Movement?
Torres: They don't say anythng about mta. When they want to tak about
mta, they say fascsts or neo-Nazs. And when they speak about Patrots, or
Yankees. the way they say. They used to speak about whte supremacsts. a
Amercans. whte Amercans are whte supremacsts. Yankees and fascsts.
5offman: Te me what they meant by the two strkes at once.
Torres: They wanted. the Arab peope wanted. to make a terrorst act. They
needed to make a terrorst act. There was ke, some of the Arab eaders - wanted
to make - wanted to gve a strke to the Unted States. They ddn't even
understand why. But at the same tme, the Communst Party tes them that t was
a great dea to.
5offman: Now are you reatng the actua conversaton?
Torres: Yes. They were sayng that t was. a the tme they were takng about.
what the Russan offcers tod them to do. So that man who was takng was the
Paestnan man - my father tod hm that t was very good, and that they woud
probaby fnd an easy way - an easy way to bame that knd of peope. That he
was tryng. that he had tred to contact neo-Naz peope to hep hm.
5offman: Dd he say who?
Torres: Yes. He tred to contact any knd of Natona Socast peope (Amercan
Naz Party). I te you the way I heard t: "We can probaby use those neo-Naz
207
bastards. I tred to contact them, but they refused to do t, and they don't want to
get nvoved n that knd of stuff wth Communsts. And I don't thnk anyone can
get those fuckng dots, but I don't care." He sad somethng ke, "I don't care. We
are anyway gong to bame them."
5offman: We don't want to get nvoved wth Communsts and that knd of stuff
and what.
Torres: "But anyway can bame them. No matter f they want to cooperate wth us
or not." Then he tod me. he tod that guy that. he was gong to hre a whte
man.
5offman: To act as a neo-Naz? You mean to pay the part of a neo-Naz?
Torres: To pay the part of a neo-Naz. And. and to partcpate wth hs
comrades. he spoke about hs Arab comrades.
5offman: In what respect?
Torres: Hs Arab comrades. and he used to ca them brothers or some knd of
thng.
5offman: Your father spoke of them ths way?
Torres: Yes. But, we, he tod t n Russan, that he was - that boy who they were
gong to hre, was gong to work together wth the Tobarch (Russan for comrade).
Wth the Tobarch.
5offman: Do you remember any names - any specfc names of any peope -
anybody?
Torres: No. That tme, they were |ust gong to pan t. That was the pan.
5offman: Ths was n the wnter of '92?
Torres: Yes. They were |ust dscussng the pan. They ddn't even know the
names. My father was. by that tme my father was. decdng.
5offman: Now why do you thnk so ong ago? That's four years between now and
then.
Torres: They aways pan t n that way. They take ther tme, and aways a very
ong tme. They aways take a very ong tme.
5offman: Is there anythng ese about what they dscussed that you haven't tod
me that you thnk s mportant?
208
Torres: They sad they were gong to do t n the mdde of the country. And they
were gong to do t n a busness offce.
5offman: Dd they say how bg?
Torres: Yes, bg. And they wanted. chdren to be vctms of t. There must be
chdren there - t must be an offce where chdren were somehow. They had to
k chdren. Because t was a very mportant part of the emotona part of the
strke..
5offman: Dd they ever menton Pan Am 103 or the Word Trade Center bombngs
n reference?
Torres: They taked somethng about. trade centers. Anyway they spoke about
trade centers - about paces where busness were made, because Amercans
regard so much ther money and ther busness. That was the expanaton my
father gave to the Paestnan guy. They spoke about paces where busness were
made, and that t was not the ony strke they were gong to make.
You know one of the reasons I am not scared of ths conversaton (ths ntervew) s
because I heard - I sten to ths knd of conversaton a of my fe. My father - he
has ked a ot of peope - he has done a ot of wrong thngs. He was nvoved.
Whe Torres' menton of Russan ntegence seems to have a the makngs of a
Care Sterng nove, t shoud be mentoned that Mexco Cty s home to one of the
argest Sovet consuates n the Western hemsphere, wth ts attendant Sovet
ntegence apparatus.
It appears that what Torres was descrbng was more than a oose-knt group of
terrorsts, but a sophstcated centray-controed state-sponsored terrorst
apparatus. As "efense 5 Forei%n Affairs stated:
Despte the unprecedented roe of the HzbAah Internatona n the decson
makng process, a ma|or terrorst operatons reman state- controed. These
operatons are conducted by agences of states and n pursut of the ong-term and
strategc nterests of the controng and sponsorng states. The "names" and
"profes" of the organzatons and groups ssung the communqus and cams
consttute an ntegra component of the state sponsorshp mechansm. These
named enttes serve a specfc functon: statng the dentty of the nterests
nvoved n, and the outnng of the ogc and ob|ectves behnd, these operatons
wthout havng the sponsorng states assume forma responsbty..
Incredbe as t sounds, Torres' story may be the key pece of the puzze nkng the
Arab and neo-Naz contngents. Her story s sgnfcant n ght of the fact that
Denns Mahon was beng pad by the Iraqs to str up dssent amongst the whte
supremacst communty.
209
Her story aso tes nto the fact that Omar aegedy met wth Frank Terp n Mexco
Cty; and Terry Nchos reportedy met wth Ramz Yousef n the Phppnes.
Fnay, Tmothy McVegh, an aeged whte supremacst, was seen wth Hussan a-
Hussan, an Iraq.
|692|
Interestngy, wthn hours of the bast n Okahoma Cty, Radio Tehran n Iraq had
the answer. ".the perpetrators were Chrstan extremst mtas from Montana
and Okahoma observng the two-year annversary of the U.S. government kng
of 86 men, women, and chdren n the Branch Davdan Waco massacre."
|693|
Was Tmothy McVegh the "neo-Naz bastard" that Mchee's father taked about
hrng?
|694|*
And were the Russans usng Mdde Eastern terrorsts as proxes - who n turn
were usng Amercan neo-Nazs - to destabaze the West whe mantanng
denabty? Whe the apparent demse of the Sovet Unon convnced a ot of
peope that the ong-feared Communst threat was over, many wthn the
ntegence communty dsagree.
A recent Rueters report quoted Raymond Msock, Chef of the FBI's Natona
Securty Dvson, as sayng that the Russans "st are on the scene," and contnue
to empoy ntegence offcers n ths country. In fact, the FBI was nvestgatng
over 200 cases of suspected Russan esponage actvty at the tme of ths wrtng.
|695|
And what about Khad's empoyees trps to Mexco? Was Khad asonng wth
terrorsts there? Utmatey, the queston was, who was Khad workng for?
Athough Lous Crousette avoded any further attempts to contact hm, he eft
|ayna Davs wth one fna word of advce. Echong Han Kama's words of warnng
regardng Israe ntegence, Crousette sad, "You know who's your best bet to tak
to, f you haven't thought about t. the Mossad."
That fna adage ed me straght back to Northrop, who stated n hs report that
Khad "ft the roe" of a PLO operatve, and nssted that the bombng was the work
of Iraq terrorsts. But f Khad, Hussan, and Oshan were smpe Arab terrorsts -
and they had eft a tra of evdence a me ong - why were they st wakng
around?
In spte of Nove's and Davs' unsuccessfu attempts to postvey I.D. Khad wth
McVegh or Nchos, Gagan stated that he had seen Nchos wth Omar, at a
meetng whch took pace |ust outsde of Las Vegas.
The FBI had aso nvestgated Sam Khad for PLO fundrasng actvtes, and had
ooked nto the shootng assaut of Sharon Twey.
210
They had put out an APB on the brown pck-up drven by Hussan a-Hussan,
whch was seen speedng away from the scene of the bombng. And Hussan's ab
for the mornng of the Apr 19 was patenty fase.
KFOR's wtnesses who paced Hussan wth McVegh seemed perfecty credbe,
and KFOR had passed on ther nformaton to the FBI.
Khad had access to an auto body shop, and one of Khad's empoyees had been
seen abandonng the re-panted pck-up n a nearby apartment compex.
Then there was the mysterous dsappearance of Khad's phone records, and the
strange comments he made to Erne Cranfed when he was asked why Abraham
Ahmed had been seen hangng around Khad's pace n the brown pck-up.
Khad had been paced by Northrop's sources wth the same Hamas operatve n
Mam - Ramadan Shaah - that Gagan had seen n Las Vegas.
Fnay, Omar (Khad?) was seen meetng wth Frank Terp - a rogue CIA agent
who had supped Arab terrorsts wth severa tons of C-4.
Athough crcumstanta, the facts were suffcent to make an ncontrovertbe case,
and yet these peope seemed to wak through was. Coud the FBI be so nept?
Were ther agents so compartmentazed that they coudn't put two and two
together? Or had the |ustce Department's nvestgaton become so potczed that
bureaucratc nepttude had become the desred and nevtabe resut? It woud
seem a of the above, and yet ths st seemed too smpe an answer.
Even Northrop's report seemed a bt one-dmensona. Whe the former Israe
ntegence agent drew a pcture of Arab terrorsts forged n the fre of the PLO, the
mage that urked |ust beneath the surface, one drawn n nvsbe nk, was that of
ntegence operatves conceved n the secret chambers of the Mossad. or the
CIA.
Ths was the one remanng possbty that ent credence to the seemngy
rreconcabe facts whch presented themseves. After a, why had the FBI gnored
a vertabe mountan of dammng evdence? Why had they suddeny and
mysterousy canceed the APB on the brown pck up? And why, after 48 hours of
reportng nothng but Mdde Eastern connectons, dd the |ustce Department and
ther obedent ap dogs of the manstream press suddeny announce that no Mdde
Eastern connecton exsted?
Certany the capture of McVegh and Nchos dd not repudate the st-standng
Mdde Eastern connecton. Nor coud the sudden change have been the resut of
nformaton from ow-eve agents n the fed. No. It coud have ony been the
resut of one thng - a strategc decson from the |ustce Department, whch had
as ts bass, a potca drectve from the Whte House.
211
It was to Washngton that Khad traveed shorty after the bombng, accordng to
empoyees, to meet wth a Congressona representatve. The purpose? As an
emssary to dscuss the probem of "Musm bashng."
Yet KFOR's P.I., Bob |erow, cams he spoke to the Representatve's ade who
checked the Congressman's schedue and camed she never saw the name Khad.
If Sam Khad was a run-of-the-m Arab terrorst who had |ust payed a roe n the
bggest terrorst attack n U.S. hstory, why woud he attract attenton to hmsef by
frng shots at Sharon Twey? A convcted feon ke Khad woud easy earn a stff
prson sentence for possesson of a frearm and assaut wth a deady weapon.
Uness he was "protected."
Ths woud tend to expan why he acted so non-chaant towards Erne Cranfed,
Bob |erow, Brad Edwards, and the author. It woud kewse tend to expan the
FBI's ack of nterest n Khad.
If Khad and Hussan were run-of-the-m Arab terrorsts, what was Khad dong
meetng wth such hgh-eve U.S. offcas? It woud seem that Presdent Cnton's
pubcy teevsed admonshment not to bame the Arab communty aso served as
a handy excuse to cover up the Mdde Eastern connecton.
Yet why woud Cnton want to cover up ther connecton to the bombng? There
are two reasons: Frst, Cnton needs an excuse to crack down on the Patrot/Mta
communty, who represent a threat to Cnton's ant-consttutona pans for
Amerca, and the estabshment's pans for a "New Word Order." Ths Cnton dd
wth a vengeance. Once the |ustce Department had announced the capture of
McVegh and Nchos, the manstream meda, wth nformaton supped many by
the Ant-Defamaton League of the B'na B'rth (ADL), and the Southern Poverty
Law Center (SPLC), was abe to focus ther ant-mta spotghts, aunchng vtroc
attacks aganst anyone connected wth the far-Rght. Under the orchestraton of
the ADL, attacks on the Patrot/Mta movement contnued for months,
eventhough there was no documentabe proof of the suspects' connectons to the
mtas, or the mtas' connecton to the bombng.
Number two, Cnton and Bush were responsbe for brngng ndvduas ke
Hussan a-Hussan nto ths country. Between 1992 and 1995, over 18,000 Iraq
refugees and ther fames were resetted nto the U.S. under a argey unknown
and hoty debated program ntated by Presdent Bush and foowed up by
Presdent Cnton. They were part of a contngent of Iraq refugees that fooded the
Saud border durng and after the war, ncudng many former Iraq soders and
deserters.
Accordng to Okahoma Senator Davd Boren, approxmatey 950 of these former
soders were resetted n the U.S. n 1992 and 1993. Congressona Research
212
Servce fgures ndcate that an addtona 549 soders were resetted n 1994, and
219 n 1995.
A "Sense of the Congress" resouton ntated by Repubcans Don Manzua of
Inos and Cfford Stearns of Forda attempted to hat the resettement.
|696|
"We're rong out the wecome wagon to prsoners of war, yet our own veterans
who fought there are havng troube gettng any hep," Sterns sad. Some of the
refugees ncuded Sh'te Musms who were oppressed by Iraq Presdent Saddam
Hussen and n some cases rebeed aganst hm. Others ncuded Iraq soders who
Hussen vowed to execute because they ddn't fght to the death. "I'm sympathetc
wth the dea that peope who opposed Saddam Hussen shoud not be aowed to
be massacred," sad Tennessee State Repubcan Representatve |ohn L. '|mmy'
Duncan |r., "but we shoud gve the beneft of the doubt to our own peope and put
the burden of proof on the peope who want to come n."
|697|
In spte of the resoutons, the Whte House backed the program, offcay
admttng approxmatey 18,000 Iraq refugees nto the U.S. Accordng to
Manzua's offce, the fgure may be hgher. Some fgures put approxmatey 5,000
Iraqs n the Tusa and Okahoma Cty areas aone.
Others fear that such a resettement woud create a sort of "bowback." The U.S.
aready has Musm extremst ces, and t s dffcut to gather accurate ntegence
on a those admtted under the program. Accordng to the Congressona Research
Servce Report, ".there has been no contact wth Kuwat ntegence servces n
the effort to verfy that the refugees are not Iraq agents."
|698|
If Hussan a-Hussan, a former Iraq offcer, was resetted nto the U.S., t s
possbe - hghy possbe n fact - that he was recruted by the CIA or DIA as part
of a dea.
There s a precedent for such coaboraton. In 1949 and 1950 the Natona Securty
Counc ssued NSC Integence Drectve 13 and 14, whch expanded the CIA's
authorty to functon nsde the U.S. (n voaton of the CIA's charter.) One of ther
programs nvoved brngng "favored European exes" nto the country.
"Favored European exes" was a euphemsm for Naz war crmnas.
|699|
It may not be far to compare Iraq war refugees wth Naz war crmnas or Isamc
terrorsts. But gven the Unted States' precedent n usng expatrated Nazs and
Cubans for ther covert operatons, and the extremey ow-key nature of the
Bush/Cnton Iraq resettement program, one has to wonder what Hussan's rea
purpose was.
|700|
As former Pentagon nvestgator Gene Wheaton observes: "Every ma|or Mdde-
Eastern terrorst organzaton s under surveance and contro of the ntegence
213
agences n the U.S. None of these guys move around as freey as they'd ke you
to thnk."
If Hussan was workng for the Mossad, the FBI, the DIA, or the CIA, who have been
known to cooperate wth each other on "speca pro|ects," he may have been a
doube-agent, workng for Iraq at the same tme. Remember that Saddam Hussen
had threatened revenge aganst the Unted States ("Does the Unted States reaze
the meanng of openng the stores of the word wth the w of Iraq peope?...Does
t reaze the meanng of every Iraq becomng a msse that can cross to countres
and ctes?")
If an eement of the Unted States Government payed a roe n the destructon of
the Afred P. Murrah Budng, usng an Arab to do ts drty work woud prove far
easer than attemptng to recrut an Amercan ctzen.
Sam Khad's abty to montor the actvtes of a group of Mdde Easterners wth
dubous connectons (through hrng and rentng homes to Arab mmgrants), and
hs status as former feon, make hm a key canddate as an operatve or
nformant.
Was he payng both sdes of the fence?
Potcay, the government's refusa to concede the compcty of Iraq n the Word
Trade Center bombng, and possby to the Okahoma Cty bombng, may stem
from ts desre to hat any pubc outcry aganst U.S. poces. One ma|or exampe s
the government's refusa to face the consequences of ts mmora, bruta, and
devastatng actons n the Guf.
Dr. Laure Myroe beeves the Cnton admnstraton's faure to address the
probem es n ts refusa to face the specter of state-sponsored terrorsm. Instead
t chooses to adopt a mcrocosmc "aw-enforcement" approach to what she
perceves as an nternatona probem - hence the focus on "domestc terrorsts."
Moreover, the Whte House may not want to admt the specter of state-sponsored
terrorsm because t mght panc the popuace. Such s the case of a state-
sponsored boogca attack whch has been ncreasngy threatenng our
popuaton.
|701|
If Iraq ndeed proved to be behnd the Okahoma Cty bombng, t woud not fare
we for the Cnton admnstraton, who foowed up on Presdent Bush's Iraq
resettement program. It woud not fare we for Bush and hs busness and potca
crones - the same CIA/Iran-Contra cotere who armed and fueed Saddam
Hussen's mtary machne wth conventona and boogca weapons.
And t woud precude ths same nternatona arms/drugs caba from profteerng
by re-suppyng Iraq n the future. In short, t woud precude "busness as
usua."
|702|
214
Whatever the reason, certany the pubc wasn't beng tod the fu truth about the
Okahoma Cty bombng. They woud never be aowed to gmpse any evdence of
the Mdde Eastern connecton.
Yet ths was ony part of the pcture.
=
"-o !tone 8nt,rned"
.We will leae no stone unturned in our effort to %et to the truth0.
- Attorney Genera |anet Reno
.McVei%h and Nichols are %oin% to hell re%ardless0 (1m >ust lookin% forward to
sendin% them there a little sooner0.
- U.S. Attorney |oseph Hartzer
Amost from the begnnng, the |ustce Department and the manstream press
focused ther attenton on Tmothy McVegh, pantng hm as a spurned ex-soder
who was angry for fang to make the Speca Forces; an extremst Rght-wng
"Patrot" who hated the government wth a passon for ther atroctes at Waco.
McVegh, the angry msguded oner, t s aeged, conspred wth ant-government
tax protester Terry Nchos to teach the Federa Government a esson n Okahoma.
Lke the arrest of Lee Harvey Oswad, the "capture" of Tmothy McVegh was an
ncredbe stroke of tmng and uck. Lke Oswad, who was arrested for wakng nto
a move theater wthout payng, McVegh woud be arrested for speedng down the
hghway wth a conspcuousy mssng cense pate.
In both cases, the FBI was qucky notfed that ther "suspect" was n custody. Wth
ther extraordnary run of good uck, the FBI was abe to nstanty trace the sera
number found on the bomb truck to Ford, then to Ryder, then to Eott's renta
agency, then to a "Bob Kng," and fnay to "McVegh."
|703|
Lke Oswad's Manncher-Carcanno rfe, whch the FBI traced from ts entrance
nto the U.S., to an mporter, to Ken's Sportng Goods, to a sae to an "A.|. Hde,"
then to Oswad - a wthout computers and over a weekend - the FBI woud
qucky trace the Ryder truck to the one bomber.
Fnay, ke "one nut" Lee Harvey Oswad, "one nut" Tmothy |ames McVegh
woud be transferred from the Nobe County |a, paraded n front of onookers and
the press as the mass murderer. Whe there was no |ack Ruby to ntervene ths
tme, McVegh woud be ed away n a brght orange |umpsut, wthout a buet-
proof vest, whch he had specfcay requested.
215
Ironcay, hs departng words were, ".I mght be Lee Harvey Oswad, |r.. You
remember what happened wth |ack Ruby."
|704|
As n the arrest of Lee Harvey Oswad, the crcumstances surroundng the arrest of
McVegh and Nchos woud prove hghy questonabe. The meda wdey reported
that McVegh was stopped by Hghway Patroman Chares Hanger 78 mnutes after
the bast(s), headng north on I-35, near Perry. McVegh was drvng wthout a
cense pate. As Trooper Hanger's affvadt states:
".That I stopped the vehce and the defendant was the drver and ony occupant
of the vehce.. That as the defendant was gettng hs bfod from hs rght rear
pocket I notced a buge under the eft sde of hs |acket and I thought t coud be a
weapon.. That I then tod the defendant to pu hs |acket back and before he dd
he sad, 'I have a gun under my |acket..' That I then grabbed a hod of the eft
sde of hs |acket and drew my own weapon and ponted t at the back of hs head
and nstructed hm to keep hs hands up and I waked hm over to the trunk of hs
car and had hm put hs hands on the trunk.."
Yet accounts vary. Some actces stated that McVegh was speedng at 81 mes per
hour. Yet Hanger ony cted hm for no cense pate, no nsurance, and possesson
of a conceaed weapon. Were these accounts meant to suggest that McVegh was
tryng to make a fast get-away? If so, why woud a man who had |ust commtted
such a henous crme wsh to draw attenton to hmsef?
McVegh supposedy |ust bew up a budng and ked 169 nnocent peope - men,
women, and chdren - ncudng a number of federa agents. It s 78 mnutes
ater, and he s beng pued over by a state trooper. He has no tags, no nsurance,
and s carryng a conceaed weapon wthout a permt. He s most key gong to
|a, where hs name, Soca Securty number, and descrpton w be upnked to
the Natona Crme Informaton Center (NCIC) at the FBI - an FBI that s now on fu
aert.
McVegh s carryng a arge combat knfe, and a Gock mode 21 automatc psto
oaded wth deady hoow-pont buets. McVegh s a traned soder, a top
marskman, and a hardened combat veteran.
The cop s extng hs vehce and wakng over to McVegh's car. McVegh's fe
outsde the eectrc char s very key about to come to an end. What does
McVegh - ths hardened combat veteran, ths bruta ker of 169 nnocent peope
- do? He casuay nforms the cop that he has a conceaed weapon, and meeky
hands hmsef over for arrest.
|705|
Of course the manstream press woudn't make any attempt to anayze ths bzarre
nconsstency n McVegh's behavor, ony reportng that he was
"uncommuncatve," (Time), "cas hmsef a 'prsoner of war,'" (New 'ork Times),
and s refusng to cooperate wth nvestgators and prosecutors." (20S0 News 5
World Re*ort) - a story whch woud be repeated by numerous other papers.
216
Yet as McVegh stated to Newsweek, "I never caed mysef a prsoner of war."
|706|
McVegh's account s backed up by the 3os An%eles Times, whch obtaned
McVegh's arrest records. As the Times1 Rchard Serrano notes:
..They revea a McVegh sharpy dfferent from the one sources had earer
portrayed. He was not the sent soder who gave |aers ony hs name, rank and
sera number. Rather, he was often pote. And smooth.
|707|
Wth ony the sera number of a truck dfferenta and a sketch to work wth, the
FBI fanned out through |uncton Cty. Upon examnng the renta recept at Eott's
Body Shop, the FBI dscovered a the nformaton on t was fase. As Agent Henry
Gbbon's affdavt states:
The person who sgned the renta agreement dentfed hmsef as Bob Kng, SSAN
962-42-9694, South Dakota drver's cense number YF942A6, and provded a
home address of 428 Mape Drve, Omaha, Nebraska, teephone 913-238-2425.
The person sted the destnaton as 428 Mape Drve, Redfed, South Dakota. b.
Subsequent nvestgaton conducted by the FBI determned a that nformaton to
be fase.
Yet empoyees of Eott's Body Shop dd recognze the sketch of Unsub #1 as the
man who rented the truck used n the bombng. The FBI then took the sketch of
Unsub #1 to the Dreamand Mote, where they found that Unsub #1 had rented a
room from Apr 14 through the Apr 18. As the FBI affdavt states:
An empoyee of the Dreamand Mote n |uncton Cty, Kansas, dentfed Tmothy
McVegh as a guest at the mote from Apr 14, 1995, through Apr 18, 1995. Ths
empoyee, when shown a photo neup dentfed Tmothy McVegh's pcture as the
ndvdua who regstered at the mote under the name of Tm McVegh, sted hs
automobe as a Mercury bearng an Arzona cense pate, and provded a Mchgan
address, on North Van Dyke n Decker Mchgan.
|708|
On Apr 21, ony hours before McVegh was due to be reeased from the Perry
County |a, "Dstrct Attorney |ohn Maddox receved a ca from the FBI teng hm
to hang onto the prsoner.
|709|
As the New 'ork Times reported, ".a routne check of hs Soca Securty number
matched one fagged by the FBI as beongng to a suspect n the bombng."
|710|
Ths
subsumes that the FBI had obtaned McVegh's Soca Securty number from the
accurate regstraton nformaton at the Dreamand, not the fase nformaton at
Eott's.
Why woud Tm McVegh - who was bent on commttng such a terrbe crme -
use a fake name and address at the Ryder renta agency, yet use hs rea name
and address at a mote rght down the street?
|711|
Perhaps because, as w be
expaned beow, McVegh never vsted the renta agency.
217
Whe n custody, McVegh sted |ames Nchos as a reference. Why woud McVegh
st the brother of hs so-caed accompce as hs ony reference?
On Apr 21, Terry Nchos was busy wth chores around hs new home n
Herrngton. Unbeknownst to hm, a team of 11 FBI agents had aready staked out
hs house.
Later that afternoon, Nchos heard hs name beng broadcast as a possbe
suspect. At 2:42 p.m. he and Marfe got nto ther bue pck-up, and drove to the
Herrngton poce staton, wth the FBI on hs ta. Accordng to Marfe, Terry was
frghtened, and anxous to know why hs name was beng broadcast. Insde,
Nchos asked why hs name was beng mentoned on the rado n connecton wth
the bombng. The cops reped that they ddn't know, but they had some questons
for hm. "Good," Nchos sad, "because I have some questons for you."
Strangey, FBI agents then read Nchos hs Mranda rghts, somethng not normay
done uness someone s under arrest, and tod hm three tmes he was free to go.
In fact, Nchos wasn't free to go. An arrest warrant had been ssued fve hours
earer, but Nchos woudn't be nformed of ths unt amost mdnght. In the
nterm, he and Marfe were questoned by the FBI for over nne hours.
Back at hs house, a SWAT team had aready arrved, and agents were seang t
wth crme tape, and checkng t for booby traps. It was there that agents woud
cam to dscover 55-gaon barres, ros of prmadet detonator cord, non-eectrc
bastng caps, and a recept for 40 50-pound bags of ammonum ntrate wth
McVegh's thumbprnt.
If Terry Nchos was an accompce n the bombng, why woud he eave such
ncrmnatng tems n hs house? Woudn't he have attempted to hde the tems
before drvng over to the poce staton?
Moreover, f Nchos was a co-consprator n the argest domestc terrorst attack n
the hstory of the country, why woud he casuay stro nto the poce staton
askng why hs name was beng broadcast on TV? Ths makes about as much sense
as Tmothy McVegh casuay pung over for Offcer Hanger and meeky handng
hmsef over for arrest.
Severa days after McVegh's arrest, Hanger camed to have recovered a crumped
busness card from behnd the front passenger seat of hs patro car, where
McVegh had been sttng. The card for Pausen's Mtary Suppy of Antgo,
Wsconsn, contaned a handwrtten note: "Dave. TNT at $5 a stck. 708-288-0128.
Need more. Ca after 1 of May, see f I can get some more."
Had McVegh actuay eft such a note n the cruser? When McVegh defense team
nvestgator Marty Reed attempted to ntervew Hanger, he was tod by OHP chef
218
ega counse |ohn Lndsey, "The FBI has requested that no one ntervew Trooper
Chare Hanger."
And as n the Kennedy case, the evdence coected by the FBI n ther case, code-
named "OKBOMB," woud prove |ust as specous. The FBI qucky camed that they
had traced the Ryder truck from a sera number - 6 4 PVA26077 - found on ts
rear dfferenta, whch had fown 575 feet through the ar "ke a boomerang" and
anded on a Ford Festa. (For those confused about the FBI fndng the sera
number on the "axe," t was actuay on the axe housng.)
|712||713|
Curousy, whe Deputy Sherff Mevn Sumter tod me he had found the axe, an
Okahoma Cty Poceman, Mke McPherson, camed that he had n fact dscovered
t, as dd an FBI agent. These three accounts were contradcted by Governor Frank
Keatng, who camed that he had actuay found the axe.
The Ryder truck beongng to the axe, rented under the aas of "Bob Kng," the
FBI camed, was the nstrument of the deady destructon n Okahoma Cty.
But had t actuay been rented by Tmothy McVegh?
The "McVegh" Edon Eott descrbed to the grand |ury was 5' 10" to 5' 11", wth
medum bud, weghng between 180-185 pounds. Eott's mechanc Tom
Kessnger stated that the man had a "rough" compexon wth "acne," and
empoyee Vck Beemer sad he had a deformed chn.
Not ony s McVegh cear-sknned, he s a anky 6', 2", and weghs ony 160
pounds. He does not have a deformed chn.
|714|
Readers w aso reca that ATF nformant Caro Howe, who had penetrated the
Eohm Cty encave, tod ATF and FBI agents that the sketch of |ohn Doe 1 who
rented the truck appeared to be Eohm Cty resdent and cose Strassmer frend
Peter Ward.
|715|
Accordng to |.D. Cash, so dd Denns Mahon. Mahon tod the reporter that Ward
was "known at Eohm Cty as 'Andy's shadow'... Ward went everywhere Strassmer
dd and s dumb as drt." Mahon aso added, ".you know hs brother, Tony, has a
pocked compexon..."
|716|
Yet authortes nsst that t was McVegh who rented the truck on Apr 17. They
ntroduced surveance footage from a |uncton Cty McDonads, sghty over a
me from Eott's, showng McVegh wakng towards the casher at approxmatey
3:55 p.m. Yet McVegh was not wearng mtary attre as was "Kng." Nevertheess,
the prosecuton contends that McVegh eft the restaurant, waked the 1.3 mes to
Eott's durng a ght drzze, then showed up nce and dry, wearng competey
dfferent cothes.
219
Edon Eott woud pay aong for the prosecuton. In spte of hs prevous grand
|ury testmony, and the FBI 302 statements of hs empoyees, Eott testfed at
McVegh's tra that Tmothy McVegh was the man who rented the truck.
|717|
Interestng that he coud make such an asserton, when the FBI hadn't brought hm
before a ne-up eventhough they had questoned hm |ust 48 hours after the
bombng. In fact, the FBI ddn't show Eott a photo ne-up unt ?@ days later.
Durng McVegh's tra, Eott attempted to compensate for the dscrepancy n
McVegh's heght by statng that McVegh had "eaned" on the counter whe fng
out the reservaton form.
Had Eott been coached by the prosecuton?
|718|
"From hs body anguage, the way he acted nervous, avoded my questons, I coud
te he was under some sort of pressure," sad former Federa Grand |uror Hoppy
Hedeberg.
When defense team nvestgator Rchard Reyna went to ntervew Eott, he was
tod the FBI had nstructed hm not to tak to anyone about the case because "they
ddn't want to get thngs dstorted." He then handed Reyna the card of FBI Speca
Agent Scott Crabtree.
When Marty Reed and co-nvestgator Wma Sparks approached Eott a week
ater, he referred them to a man named |oseph Poe. Poe stated that he was
"workng for Ryder. ndrecty." He refused to speak wth the nvestgators and
excused hmsef, sayng he had to make a phone ca. When Sparks and Reed went
outsde, they notced a government car wth the cense number G-10 03822,
parked n front of the shop.
When they returned the next day, they were agan met by the mysterous "Ryder
empoyee" who ddn't produce a busness card. When they asked the body shop's
empoyees why the government car was there, they were tod t was beng worked
on. But the nvestgators saw no sgns of damage. Upon returnng the foowng
day, the car was parked between two campers, ostensby n an attempt to concea
t.
|719|
Was the FBI attemptng to nfuence a key wtness? A reporter who worked the
case ater tod me, "They were very hooked n wth the FBI. the Ryder securty
was obtaned through the FBI. and they're n constant touch wth the FBI for
brefngs, or they were. And I got that from the PR guy who's the Vce Presdent of
Ryder n Mam. A Newsweek reporter that I work wth got Eott on the phone,
and somebody ccked down the phone as he was takng to her. Eott was sayng
'et me |ust fnsh, et me |ust fnsh,' and a of the sudden, the phone went
dead."
|720|
Such a symbotc reatonshp between the FBI and Ryder shoudn't be surprsng.
Accordng to one bombng researcher, Ryder's CEO, Anthony Mtche, s a member
220
of the Tratera Commsson - the New Word Order foks. She aso uncovered the
fact that both the FBI and the ATF have easng contracts wth the company.
|721|
To rent hs Ryder truck, "McVegh" aegedy used hs pre-pad phone card,
obtaned n November of 1993 through the S*otli%ht under the name "Dary
Brdges," to ca Eott's and make the reservaton. Vck Beemer tod the FBI she
recaed speakng to a man named "Kng." Records supposedy ndcate the ca
was made on Apr 14, from a |uncton Cty, Kansas bus staton.
|722|
Yet the FBI had no way of provng that the ca paced to the Ryder agency under
the name "Kng" was actuay made by McVegh, or even that the S*otli%ht card
was used for the ca. OPUS Teecom, whch runs the system used for the pre-pad
card, mantans no records ndcatng exacty who paced a specfc ca.
|723|
As an exampe of the uncertantes promugated by the FBI, they orgnay
asserted the ca was made at 8:44 a.m. from a pay phone at Fort Rey. They ater
decded t was made at 9:53 a.m. from a pay phone n |uncton Cty. However,
Beemer, who took the ca, sad t came at 10:30 a.m.
At the tme the FBI aeged McVegh made the 9:53 a.m. ca, he was at a phone
booth down the street from a Frestone store, where he had been negotatng a
dea on a 1977 Mercury. The store manager who sod McVegh the car, Thomas
Mannng, testfed that hs customer excused hmsef, then came back 10 or 15
mnutes ater. The FBI contends that McVegh used ths perod to make two cas,
one to Terry Nchos' house, and one to Eott's. Yet, as the Rocky Mountain News
noted:
An eary verson of the FBI reconstructon showed two cas wthn two mnutes
from phones 25 mes apart, whch mped nvovement by someone other than
McVegh and Nchos, snce nether was then n the second ocaton.
But the ocaton of that ca ater was reassgned to a pace fttng the
government's case.
|724|
How convenent.
Moreover, as the defense ponted out, Mannng hadn't bothered to menton the
fact that McVegh eft the Frestone store for over a year-and-a-haf, despte beng
ntervewed by defense attorneys and FBI agents 11 dfferent tmes.
|725|
Addtonay, whe renta recepts and empoyee testmony ndcates "Kng" rented
hs truck on the 17th, a Ryder truck was seen days earer by |ames Sargeant and
other eyewtnesses. Sargeant reported seeng severa undentfed men crawng n
and out of the cargo area for three days, backed up to the ake so that no one
ashore coud see nsde. "I reay began to wonder about why someone woud be
wastng ther money on a renta truck out there... no one was ever fshng,
ether."
|726|
221
Barbara Whttenberg, owner of the Sante Fe Tra Dner n Herrngton, recaed
seeng a Ryder truck, aong wth McVegh, Nchos, and |ohn Doe 2, on Saturday,
Apr 15. The men had stopped by the restaurant for breakfast at 6:00 a.m., and
Whttenberg reported seeng a arge Ryder truck at Geary State Fshng Lake ater
that afternoon.
|727|
Lea McGown, owner of the Dreamand Mote n |uncton Cty, and her son Erc, both
reca seeng McVegh pu nto the mote wth his truck on the afternoon of Easter
Sunday, Apr 16, as dd resdents Renda Truong, Conne Hood, Davd Kng, and
Kng's mother, Hetta. The truck appeared to be an oder, prvatey owned Ryder
truck. McGown had |ust returned from Manhattan, Kansas, where he and hs
mother were havng unch. The tme was approxmatey 4:00 p.m. Truong testfed
she had seen t after Easter Sunday dnner, whch woud have been around dusk.
Yet under examnaton by the prosecuton durng McVegh's tra, Erc McGown
woud not testfy as to the exact date he saw the truck. Yet hs FBI 302 sad: "He
thnks the man came there wth a truck on Apr 16, 1995, and that the Ryder truck
sat at the mote a day on Apr 17, 1995."
|728|
Hs mother, ke both Hood and Truong, was certan t was the 16th. As she stated
n her FBI 302:
She s certan that the Ryder truck she saw parked at the DREAMLAND MOTEL and
n whch she observed TIM MCVEIGH sttng on one occason was drven nto the
mote grounds on Sunday, Apr 16, 1995.
She recas that the Ryder truck that was parked at the DREAMLAND MOTEL on
Apr 16, 1995, through Apr 18, 1995, dd not have the word Ryder on the back
doors as do other Ryder trucks she has seen. She recas the back doors of the
Ryder truck n whch she saw TIM MCVEIGH were a pan faded yeow coor, wth no
prntng vsbe on them.
|729|
Hetta Kng was aso sure t was Sunday the 16th. "There's no queston n my mnd
- t was Easter Sunday," Kng testfed.
The reader w reca that ths s the exact same day that Physs Kngsey and
Lnda Kuhman saw the convoy, ncudng "McVegh," |ohn Doe 2 and 3, and the
Ryder truck at the H Way Gr |ust south of Okahoma Cty. It was approxmatey
6:00 p.m.
The two ocatons are hundreds of mes apart - too far apart to drve n two hours.
Ths s aso the same day the FBI aeged Nchos drove from Kansas to Okahoma
Cty to pck up McVegh, who had eft hs Mercury Marqus near the YMCA as the
"get-away" vehce. Yet a wtness at the Dreamand recaed seeng McVegh's
yeow Mercury at the mote the next day.
222
Interestng that "McVegh" and hs car coud be n two paces at once.
Rea estate agent Georga Rucker and her son aso saw a Ryder truck at Geary
Lake days before "Kng" rented hs. Then on Tuesday mornng, as Rucker agan
drove by ake, she not ony saw a Ryder truck, but two other vehces as we. She
thought ths was "very suspcous."
|730|
On Monday, Apr 17, Conne Hood saw the Ryder truck agan. Ths tme, there
were severa men "fddng wth the back of the truck." Hood thnks one of those
men was Mchae Forter; she recas he had scraggy har and a beard. Those who
reca the photo of Forter taken after the bombng may reca that Forter had |ust
shaved off hs beard, eavng a ceary vsbe demarcaton ne.
Whe these are a batant dscrepances n the FBI's offca tmene, the Bureau
was apparenty nterested n McGown's testmony because the Dreamand s the
ony pace where McVegh, or someone purportng to be McVegh, sgned hs rea
name.
What s curous s that the FBI has consstenty promoted the dea that there was
ony one Ryder truck nvoved. Yet the statements of McGown, Brcktown
warehouse worker Davd Snder, and others ndcate that there were two Ryder
trucks nvoved. When a Newsweek reporter spoke to the securty guard at Eott's,
he sad "Thnk about two trucks."
|731|
Ths fact was reterated by grand |uror Hoppy Hedeberg. "A sma number of
peope testfed durng the grand |ury hearngs about two trucks," sad Hedeberg.
"McVegh pcked hs truck up on Monday. |ohn Doe 2 had hs truck the weekend
before. The fact that there were two trucks I'm very comfortabe wth."
|732|
If McVegh had rented hs truck on Apr 17, as the FBI contends, why dd wtnesses
report seeng a Ryder truck at Geary State Fshng Lake as eary as Apr 10? It was
at ths ake, on Apr 18, the FBI orgnay asserted, that the two suspects but
ther magc ANFO bomb. FBI agents reported fndng dese fue and strands of
detonator cord on the ground.
|733|
Yet at the tme wtnesses frst saw the truck at the ake, nether McVegh or Nchos
were n Kansas. As the "ener )ost reported:
Nchos was returnng from a gun show n Mchgan, and McVegh was hoed up n a
resdence hote n Kngman, Arzona. The government's key wtness, Mchae
Forter, aso was not n Kansas.
|734|
Interestngy, shorty before the start of McVegh's tra, the prosecuton dropped ts
contenton that the bomb was but at Geary Lake. It's possbe they dd so because
had the defense brought up the wtness sghtngs on the 10th, t woud have
confcted, not ony wth the prosecuton's carefuy constructed tmene, but the
fact that there were addtona suspects.
|735|
223
As w be seen, ths s not the frst tme the government excuded wtnesses who's
testmony ddn't ft wth ther carefuy crafted verson of events.
Nevertheess, t was ths truck, rented by "Kng" on Apr 17, authortes nssted,
that was oaded wth ammonum ntrate and guded by the one bomber to ts fna
and fatefu destnaton at the Afred P. Murrah Budng.
To bud ther magc ANFO bomb, the FBI reports McVegh and Nchos began
searchng for racng fue and detonator cord n September of '94. Usng the cang
card McVegh and Nchos had obtaned under the pseudonym of "Dary Brdges,"
ostensby nspred by the fm "Bown Away" starng |eff Brdges, McVegh aegedy
made over 22 cas to varous companes who suppy chemcas, racng fue, and
even one of the country's argest exposves manufacturers.
Hs frst ca was to Pausen's Mtary Suppy, |ust outsde of Madson, Wsconsn,
ookng for detonators. Accordng to authortes, McVegh eft Pausen's busness
card n the patro car upon hs arrest, that read, "Dave" (presumaby Davd
Pausen, Ed Pausen's son, who McVegh had met at a gun show), wth the notaton,
"More fve pound stcks of TNT by May 1."
|736|
A saesman at Fatgues and Thngs, a mtary store n |uncton Cty, sad McVegh
and another man bought a book entted (m*roised Munitions two weeks before
the bombng. The other man was not Terry Nchos.
Prosecutors aso caed an od frend of McVegh's, Davd Darak, who aegedy
receved a ca from hm n an attempt to obtan racng fue.
Another frend was Greg Pfaff, whom McVegh had met at gun shows. Pfaff testfed
that McVegh had caed hm seekng to buy det cord. McVegh was so eager to
obtan the cord, Pfaff sad, that he offered to drve to Vrgna.
Another of the cas refected on the mens' cang card was to Md-Amercan
Chemca. Lnda |uh, an empoyee of the company, remembered recevng a ca n
the Fa of 1994 from a feow n Kansas who wanted to purchase Anhydrous
Hydrazne, a rocket fue whch can be used to boost the power of an ANFO bomb.
The FBI aso reported that two ndvduas, one named "Terry Tutte," vsted
Thumb Hobbes, Etc. n Marette, Mchgan n md-December, 1993, ookng to buy
100 percent ntromethane mode arpane fue. Accordng to Sanac County Sherff
Vrg Stcker, the store cerk nqured about orderng t, then tod the customers
severa weeks ater that he coud not or woud not do so. The cerk sad that
"Tutte" reped that t was okay, that they had found another source.
|737|
Another ncdent not made pubc unt the County Grand |ury nvestgaton was the
recoecton of Gary Antene, who saw McVegh and |ohn Doe 2 at Danny's Hobby
Shop n Okahoma Cty the Saturday before the bombng. The two men asked hm
f Danny's carred 100 percent ntromethane fue.
224
"I expaned that no one n the RC (remote-controed) arpane hobby used 100
percent ntromethane as a fue, that at most we generay used nothng over 20
percent," sad Antene.
Antene reported the ncdent to the FBI a coupe of tmes, but was not caed to
testfy at McVegh's tra, probaby because hs account ddn't ft nto the FBI's
"offca" tmene.
|738|
On October 20, the FBI aeged that McVegh checked nto a mote n Paus Vaey,
Okahoma. The next day, he drove 170 mes to the Chef Auto Parts Natonas drag
race n Enns, Texas. Tmothy Chambers, an empoyee of VP Racng Fues, testfed
at McVegh's tra that he and co-worker Brad Horton sod a man resembng
McVegh three 54 gaon drums of Ntromethane racng fue for $2,775. The man
sad the fue was for hm and hs frends who race Hareys once a year n Okahoma
Cty. Chambers testfed t ddn't make sense for a few motorcyce racers to buy
that much fue, and had never seen anyone pay cash for that arge a purchase.
|739|
Interestngy, the FBI ddn't announce ths new ead unt one month before the
start of McVegh's tra, as other evdence, ncudng that from the FBI's crme ab,
began fang apart. The Rocky Mountain News reported that Gynn Tpton had
aerted the ATF to the strange purchase as far back as October of 1994.
|740|
Yet ths "new" evdence woud coaesce perfecty wth the government's emergng
case, now that many Amercans were convnced that a smpe ANFO bomb hadn't
destroyed the Murrah Budng. A bomb but wth voate, hghy-exposve racng
fue woud make the prosecuton's case much more convncng.
The startng dscovery of McVegh's racng fue purchases, ke the new reveatons
of Thomas Mannng, or those of Edon Eott, were remnscent of the sudden
dscoveres by Lockerbe nvestgators of Lbyan terrorsts. The 1988 bombng had
orgnay been attrbuted to Iran, contracted through former Syran army offcer
Ahmed |br of the Popuar Front for the Lberaton of Paestne-Genera Command
(PFLP-GC), n retaaton for the Amercan downng of an Iranan passenger ner a
year and-a-haf earer. Now that George Bush needed the cooperaton of the
Syrans for hs Guf War coaton, the bame needed to be shfted to someone ese.
Then, ten months after the bombng, Lockerbe nvestgators dscovered new
evdence. The owner of a cothng store on Mata suddeny remembered to whom
he had sod some baby cothes that had been found n the bomb sutcase onboard
the pane. In fact, not ony had he recaed the customer, he remembered the
precse date of the purchase, and recaed the man ceary enough for artsts to
render a sketch. He was Abu Tab, a PFLP-GC member who was known to have
vsted Mata shorty before the bombng.
|741|
At east that's what the FBI wanted the pubc to beeve. In fact, owner Tony Gauc
and hs brother Pau made 18 dfferent statements to authortes, most of whch
were vague and contradctory. They then sgned statements eventhough they
225
coudn't read Engsh. Nevertheess, nvestgators qucky paced 24-hour guards
around the shopkeepers bearng ths vauabe "new evdence," |ust as the FBI had
done wth Edon Eott.
Yet records show that the cas to chemca companes contnued n October of '94
from Kngman, around the same tme that the suspects aegedy drove there to
hde stoen exposves, and around the same tme they aegedy began purchasng
ammonum ntrate. The ndctment states that Nchos aegedy stoe Dynamte
and an exposve caed Tovex from the Martn Maretta quarry n Maron, Kansas,
not far from where Nchos had been workng as a ranch hand.
Bud Radeke, a baster and drer for Martn Maretta, testfed at McVegh's tra
that 299 dynamte stcks, 544 bastng caps, detonator cord, and Tovex was stoen
over the ong Labor Day weekend. FBI agents dscovered a dr bt n Nchos' home
that they cam matched the hoe dred n one of the magazne's ocks. The
suspects had aegedy made the mstake of eavng one of the fve ocks they had
dred nto behnd.
Yet coud the FBI actuay te from a hoe dred n a ock whch partcuar bt had
made the mpresson? The FBI hadn't dscovered the bt n Nchos' too kt unt sx
months after the robbery. No doubt t had been used snce, as Nchos, a
handyman, had recenty moved nto hs new house. The sgnature of the dr bt
woud undoubtedy have been atered.
How coud the FBI be so sure t was the bt whch had dred the ocks at the
quarry?
Ed Hueske, a frearm and too examner at Weckerng Scentfc Laboratory near
Daas sad a dr bt can "eave marks that are characterstc of the nose of the
bt," especay "f the bt s worn or damaged." A former forensc specast wth the
Tusa Poce Department, Hueske added that such a test s "not routne," but s
"theoretcay possbe."
|742|
Yet f the bt was used afterwards on meta, or f t had been sharpened, t woud
change the stratons of the markngs. If t st contaned bts of meta shavngs
from the ock, however, then a match coud be made. But agents testfed that no
shavngs were found.
Then how dd the FBI match the bt? Frank Sher, a frearm and too examner at
Forensc Consutant Servces n Fort Worth, offered hs opnon: "Some of that type
of work has been done, but t's not a very frequent thng. I don't thnk t woud be
very productve."
Sher, who has 36 years experence n forensc scence, has never even been
asked to conduct such a test, nor has hs boss, Max Courtney, wth 27 years
experence.
226
"It woud be extremey dffcut to match a dr," sad Sher, "because of the
random moton of the dr movng through ts. movng up and down the hoe. So
t woud be hard to track any mperfectons or mcroscopc markngs that mght be
present. That woud be a pretty tough task."
|743|
Even Hueske, who admtted the theoretca possbty of such a test, sad that the
two or three dr bt tests he's conducted over the years produced no resuts.
The quarry aso had pre-mxed professona grade ANFO n stock. Why ddn't
Nchos stea that too, snce, as the government aeges, t was the prme
ngredent n the bomb? Ths certany woud have been easer and more dscreet
than buyng arge quanttes of ammonum ntrate, dese, and racng fue, then
attemptng to mx t nto a ggantc bomb. But for some reason, our prme suspects
decded to eave the professona grade ANFO behnd, and go to the troube and
expense of makng ther own.
The two men then aegedy drove to Kngman on October 4, where McVegh
rented a storage ocker to hde the goods.
|744|
It was n Kngman that McVegh
aegedy showed hs dangerous booty to hs frends, Mchae and Lor Forter. Lor
testfed at tra that McVegh asked her to wrap up the bastng caps as Chrstmas
presents for the ong rde back to Mchgan.
A frend of Nchos and McVegh, Kevn Nchoas, testfed that he heped McVegh
unoad hs car upon returnng to Decker. "I was |ust grabbng stuff and |ust
throwng t n the back of my truck; and Tm sad, "Don't hande them. I' take care
of them two Chrstmas-wrapped packages there."
|745|
Phone records aso show that McVegh caed mtary surpus deaer Dave Pausen
on December 17 from Kngman, and Nchoas testfed that McVegh drove to
Chcago to see Pausen n ate December to se hm the bastng caps.
On September 30, 1994, accordng to the FBI, McVegh and Nchos, who used the
aas "Mke Havens," purchased forty 50-pound bags of ammonum ntrate at the
Md-Kansas Co-Op n Manhattan, Kansas. Then, on October 17, after rentng a room
n Sana under the name "Havens," Nchos rented storage ocker No. 40 at Boots
U-Store-It n Counc Grove, under the aas "|oe Kye." On October 18, the dynamc
duo was back agan at the Md-Kansas Co-Op, stockng up on more fertzer,
buyng another forty 50-pound bags to be stored at the ocker n Counc Grove.
Nchos attorney, Mchae Tgar, attempted to expan hs cent's use of aases by
statng that Nchos wanted to hde hs assets from Chase Manhattan bank, whch
had won a arge credt card awsut aganst hm. Ths expanaton does not expan
why Nchos used the aas whe purchasng fertzer.
Fnay, there woud be the ordnance found at Nchos' home and the farm of hs
brother |ames. The Decker, Mchgan farm contaned 28 ffty-pound bags of
ammonum ntrate, non-eectrc bastng caps, a 55-gaon drum contanng fue-o,
227
and arge fue tanks whch appeared to contan dese fue. As prevousy
mentoned, neghbors Dane Stomber and Pau Isydorak tod authortes that the
Nchos brothers and McVegh woud experment wth the tems to make sma
homemade bombs.
A search of Terry Nchos' home by the ATF and FBI aegedy turned up 33
frearms, an ant-tank auncher (whch was nert), fve 60-foot Prmadet detonator
cords, non-eectrc bastng caps, ammonum ntrate, a fue meter (whch was
noperabe - a fact that was never mentoned), and four 55-gaon bue pastc
drums. (Nchos' son |osh, who frequenty payed at hs dad's house, beeved the
barres were whte wth bue tops.)
Whe some accounts ndcate that the drums were of the type used n the
bombng, the New 'ork Times wrote on Apr 30, ".t s not cear that they match
bue pastc fragments found at the bast ste."
|746|
In fact, the FBI never stated that
the fragments removed from bombng vctms matched those from Nchos' home.
Certany the FBI, wth the most sophstcated crme ab n the word, woud have
been abe to determne whether the fragments were of the same type. Moreover,
most of the fragments, f they had come from Nchos' home, woud have been
whte, not bue.
Nchos' attorney, Mchae Tgar, rased ths ssue whe cross-examnng an FBI
agent durng a pre-tra hearng. Accordng to Tgar, the FBI's nventory st
descrbed the barres smpy as whte wthout bue ds. The agent reped that the
FBI doesn't st the ds separatey. When Tgar asked the agent why they had
nventored a coecton of 5-gaon buckets wth the ds sted separatey, he had
no response.
Those bue fragments may very key have been from the 80 or so bue trash
barres dstrbuted throughout the budng for the purposes of trash coecton. As
Rchard Wams, a 51 year-od GSA manager testfed at McVegh's tra, "They
were paced throughout the budng for pckup durng the week."
One month ater, Nchos woud wrte hs cryptc etter to McVegh, nstructng hm
to extend the ease on unt number 37, whch aegedy contaned stoen cons and
guns, and "qudate 40," n case Nchos faed to return from hs ast trp to the
Phppnes. It was ths etter that contaned the nfamous phrase, "You're on your
own. Go for t!"
Was ths a message nsprng McVegh to bomb a federa budng, or a note
encouragng hm to make a success of hmsef n the mtary surpus busness?
Accordng to |ames Nchos, t was the ater. Nchos cams hs brother was about
to make a arge cash oan to McVegh for ths purpose, and the note was smpy n
case of hs death. Terry, he sad, was a very metcuous and thorough man who
aways made certan hs affars were n order.
|747|
228
Nchos famy frend Bob Papovch aso cams the par was seng fertzer at gun
shows as pant food, aong wth an odd assortment of other tems sod at gun
shows, repackagng t n smaer bags to ncrease ther proft margn.
Yet two tons of fertzer s an awfu ot to se at gun shows. Had McVegh and
Nchos actuay purchased that much fertzer? What s nterestng s that
empoyees of Md-Kansas Co-op were never abe to postvey dentfy McVegh or
Nchos durng the purported fertzer buyng trps. Athough empoyee Frederck
Schender thought one of the men may have been Terry Nchos, he sad durng a
pre-tra hearng that the second man wasn1t McVegh. He was drvng a truck that
ddn't appear to be Nchos', wth a red traer attached. Papovch tod me that
Nchos owns no such truck.
Federa prosecutors were aso countng on a recept found n Nchos' home for the
purchase of a ton of ammonum ntrate, aegedy contanng McVegh's
thumbprnt. Had Nchos fooshy kept a recept for bombng materas that coud
be traced back to hm? Was he as stupd as Mohammed Saemeh, the Word Trade
Center bomber who returned to the Ryder agency after the bombng n an attempt
to retreve hs renta depost? Or was McVegh's fngerprnt actuay on the recept
after a?
FBI agent Lous Hupp testfed at tra that he hadn't found McVegh's fngerprnts
at Eott's, n mote rooms where McVegh stayed, or n the storage ockers where
McVegh aegedy stored the bomb-makng materas.
|748|
&amsey: Agent Hupp, you dentfed - or handed many documents wth regard
to fngerprnts, ddn't you, wth regard to ths case?
5,pp: Yes, ma'am.
&amsey: Dd you aso test the Ryder renta truck reservaton form?
5,pp: Yes, I dd.
&amsey: And dd you fnd Tmothy McVegh's fngerprnts on that?
5,pp: No, ma'am.
&amsey: Dd you fnd Tmothy McVegh's fngerprnts on the Ryder renta truck
form where he actuay - where t was actuay rented?
5,pp: No, ma'am..
&amsey: Dd you check the counter at Eott's Body Shop for fngerprnts? I don't
reca f I asked you that or not.
229
5,pp: The countertop was removed by me and transported back to headquarters
and was n fact processed for atent prnts.
&amsey: And dd you fnd any fngerprnts of Tmothy McVegh?
5,pp: No, ma'am.
&amsey: And dd you aso check to see f there were any fngerprnts on any of
the storage unts that have been dscussed n ths case?
5,pp: Yes, ma'am.
&amsey: And dd you fnd any fngerprnts of Tmothy McVegh?
5,pp: No, ma'am.
Hupp aso testfed that he had not found McVegh's prnts on the renta paperwork,
or the key beongng to the Ryder truck, found n a nearby aey. Yet Hupp
expaned, "There are many tmes a person doesn't eave prnts. It's a chance
mpresson."
What f the FBI had camed t had dscovered prnts?
On November 22, 1963, after |FK's murder, the FBI took Oswad's Manncher-
Carcanno rfe to ther Washngton, D.C. crme ab. The techncans concuded that
Oswad's prnts were not on the weapon. The FBI then returned the rfe to the
Daas Poce Department. Shorty thereafter, the DPD exctedy announced that
they had "dscovered" Oswad's pam prnt.
|749|
Ths "new evdence" forced even the Warren Commsson's chef counse, |. Lee
Rankn, to concude, "Because of the crcumstances whch now exst there s a
serous queston n the mnds of the Commsson as to whether the pam
mpresson that has been obtaned from the Daas Poce Department s a
egtmate pam mpresson removed from the rfe barre or whether t was
obtaned from some other source.."
In 1984, FBI Agent Vncent Dran, who handed the weapon, was questoned by |FK
researcher Henry Hurt. Dran concuded that there never was such a prnt. "A I
can fgure s that |Oswad's prnt| was some knd of cushon because they were
gettng a ot of heat by Sunday nght. You coud take that prnt off Oswad's card
and put t on the rfe. Somethng ke that happened."
In spte of ths, the Warren Commsson made no effort to resove the ssue, and
presented Oswad's so-caed pam prnt as fact.
|750|
Yet the fertzer recept contanng McVegh's thumbprnt wasn't the ony
ammunton n the FBI's arsena of specous evdence. Prosecutors woud rey
230
heavy on an exposve component caed PETN, aegedy found on McVegh's
cothng. A par of earpugs found on McVegh aso reportedy tested postve for
EGDN, a chemca found n dynamte. Fnay, there was a pece of pywood from
the Ryder truck whch contaned gazed ammonum ntrate crystas.
Yet once agan, ths evdence was hghy questonabe. It seemed the crystas had
dsappeared before ndependent experts for ether the prosecuton or defense
coud confrm ts exstence.
Interestngy, affdavts of Frederck Whtehurst, a Speca Agent n the FBI's ab
dvson, announced to an ncreduous pubc n September of 1995 that the Bureau
had been mshandng evdence and santng resuts to favor prosecutors for years.
|751|
As one FBI ab techncan tod the New 'ork Times, "You get an nadvertent
bondng of ke-mnded ndvduas supportng each other's fase concusons."
After federa agents searched the resdence of Rchard |ewe, a prvate securty
guard who was an eary suspect n a bombng at the Atanta Oympcs. FBI
scentsts and other specasts warned that "you've got the wrong guy," an FBI
aboratory offca sad. But ther cautonary remarks, based on the absence of even
trace amounts of exposve materas, went unheeded for months.
|752|
In March of 1997, the 3os An%eles Times reported the fndngs of the |ustce
Department Inspector Genera's offce, whch concuded that the ab made
"scentfcay unsound" concusons that were "based n favor of the prosecuton"
n the Okahoma Cty bombng case.
The st-secret draft report, obtaned by the paper, aso concudes that supervsors
approved ab reports that they "cannot support" and that FBI ab offcas may have
erred about the sze of the bast, the amount of exposves nvoved and the type of
exposves used n the bombng.
Accordng to the Times, the draft report shows that FBI examners coud not
dentfy the trggerng devce for the truck bomb or how t was detonated. It aso
ndcates that a poory mantaned ab envronment coud have ed to
contamnaton of crtca peces of evdence, the Times sad.
|753|
Whtehurst aso tod the Inspector Genera that the agents who conducted the tests
n Okahoma Cty, ncudng Tom Thurman, Chef of the Exposves Unt, and Roger
Martz, Chef of the Chemstry and Toxcoogy Unt, were not even quafed to do
so.
|754|
Durng the 1993 Word Trade Center bombng nvestgaton, Whtehurst decded to
secrety test effcency and procedures at the ab. He mxed human urne wth
fertzer and added t to some of the bomb matera beng tested. Martz
subsequenty exctedy dentfed the urne-fertzer mxture as an exposve.
|755|
231
Whtehurst aso contended that Martz's examnng room was contamnated,
makng t mpossbe to accuratey test for exposves and other substances,
ncudng the PETN aegedy found on McVegh's cothes.
|756|
Durng the prosecuton's cosng argument, Martz made an nterestng Freudan
Sp: "The evdence shows that Mr. McVegh's cothng was contamnated wth.
excuse me, Mr. McVegh's cothng was fed wth bomb resdue."
Whtehurst aso camed that Martz had per|ured hs testmony n pror cases.
Whtehurst hmsef was even asked to ater hs reports. Materas-anayss-unt
chef Corby "had me come nto hs room one day and tod me they - I don't know
who 'they' were - wanted me to take statements out of my report.... Whtehurst
refused.
|757|*
Durng the 1991 tra of Water Leroy Moody, convcted of kng Federa |udge
Robert Vance wth a etter-bomb, both Thurman and Martz "crcumvented
estabshed procedures and protocos. |and| testfed n areas of expertse that
|they| had no quafcatons n, therefore fabrcatng evdence n |ther| testmony,"
Whtehurst wrote n a memorandum to the Bureau's Scentfc Anayss Chef |ames
Kearny.
Both Martz and Thurman were fuy aware of the fact that they were n voaton of
procedures and protocos of the FBI Laboratory and dd knowngy and purposey
commt per|ury and obstructon of |ustce n ths matter.
|758|
Interestngy, the chef prosecutor n the case was none other than Lous Freeh,
who was an Assstant U.S. Attorney at the tme. Accordng to Whtehurst, Freeh dd
not have a snge pece of evdence tyng Moody to the crme. Thurman got around
ths tte nconvenence by sendng the evdence to hs frend Roger Martz, who,
ke Thurman, was not quafed to perform the examnaton. Both Thurman and
Martz were recenty removed from ther postons due to aegatons of fasfcaton
of evdence and per|ury.
Thurman's orgna cam to fame was the Pan Am 103 case. He had concuded that
a tny fragment of mcrochp, amazngy dscovered two years after the bombng,
was part of a batch of tmers sod to the Lbyans by the Swss frm MEBO. Ths "new
evdence" aowed the U.S. government to pont the fnger of bame at Lbya,
convenenty ettng Syra - orgnay mpcated n the bombng - off the hook.
After the assassnaton of |FK, ntrate tests conducted on Lee Harvey Oswad
concuded that he had not fred a rfe on November 22. Yet ths fact, ke the fase
pam prnt, was kept secret for 10 months, then bured deep nsde the Warren
Commsson Report.
|759|
In the Moody case, Freeh possessed copes of reports that dsproved the
prosecuton's aegatons, but dd not even make them avaabe, or known, to the
|ury. Freeh aso faed to nform the |ury that hs chef wtness, Ted Banks, faed a
232
e-detector test regardng hs assocaton wth Moody. In 1995, Banks testfed at
an appea hearng that Freeh had threatened and coerced hm nto testfyng
aganst the defendant.
|760|
In the Word Trade Center case, Whtehurst testfed that he was tod not to provde
any nformaton or evdence, such as aternate expanatons to the urea-ntrate
theory, that coud be used by the defense to chaenge the prosecutors' hypothess
of gut.
|761|
In Okahoma, Whtehurst conducted a test on McVegh's cothes, but found
nothng.
Whe the FBI camed t found traces of PETN n McVegh's pants pocket, on hs
shrts, and on a set of earpugs, Agent Burmester acknowedged on cross-
examnaton that no PETN or ammonum ntrate was found at the bast scene.
Nor was ammonum ntrate found n McVegh's car, hs persona effects, hote
rooms he had stayed at, the varous storage sheds the suspects aegedy used to
store the bomb-makng components, or n Nchos' Herngton, Kansas home. The
Bureau aso found no evdence of exposves resdue n sampes of McVegh's har,
or scrapngs from hs fngernas.
|762|
Burmester aso testfed that crystas of ammonum ntrate, whch he found on a
pece of wood paneng from the Ryder truck, ater vanshed.
"That pece has gone through a ot of hands snce the tme that I've seen t,"
Burmester testfed, "and I can't speak to how they coud have dsappeared."
|763|
As Canadan County Sherff Deputy Cnt Boeher sad, "The FBI dsturbed and
removed evdence. They don't te anybody ese; they don't work wth anybody
ese.. How dd they know t was the truck? They never ooked at so many obvous
thngs."
|764|
Yet, as n the Kennedy case, Federa Prosecutors went to tra armed wth
deberate es and other dstortons that favored ther somewhat questonabe
verson of events.
Whe the FBI's evdence procedures woud be caed nto queston, prosecutors
woud seek to mpress the |ury wth evdence of the suspects' mtant Rght-wng
eanngs. Prosecutors began wth etters McVegh sent to hs sster |ennfer,
expressng hs rage over the events at Ruby Rdge and Waco, at the same tme
mons of Amercans were expressng the very same anger.
"The Federa Government was absoutey out of contro," sad Sarah Ban, the San
Antono schoo teacher who served as forewoman of the |ury that acqutted the
|Davdan| sect members of most of the serous crmes they were charged wth.
233
"The wrong peope were on tra," Ban companed. "It shoud have been the ones
that panned the rad and orchestrated t."
|765|
But t was other evdence - more ncrmnatng and dsturbng - that woud
provde the crtca eements needed to convnce the |ury of McVegh's macous
ntent. In November of '94, McVegh vsted hs famy n Lockport, New York, where
he confded to hs sster |ennfer that he had been drvng around wth 1,000
pounds of exposves.
In a etter sent to her n March, a month before the bombng, McVegh wrote,
"Somethng bg s gong to happen n the month of the bu."
Fnay, to prove McVegh's maevoent ntentons, prosecutors ntroduced a etter
stored on |ennfer's computer. The etter, addressed to the ATF, warned, "ATF, a
you tyrannca motherfuckers w swng n the wnd one day, for your treasonous
actons aganst the Consttuton and the Unted States. Remember the Nuremberg
War Tras. But... but... but... I was ony foowng orders!...... De, you spneess,
cowardce bastards!"
|766|
McVegh aso supposedy eft a etter to a "grfrend" (whch meda
psycho|ournasts camed he ddn't have) n the gove compartment of hs car,
outnng pans to bomb addtona targets.
Had McVegh actuay eft such a etter n hs vehce, and dropped Pausen's
busness card n the patro car? Whe t s possbe, such scenes are remnscent of
the doctored photograph of Lee Harvey Oswad hodng a rfe and Communst
newspaper, or Earth Frst! actvst |ud Bar hodng a machne gun, whch was
oaned to her for the photo by an FBI nformant - a photo whch he took.
In Okahoma Cty, as n a crmna conspraces, the od adage, "foow the money"
woud appy. Certany a par of one nuts wth a fertzer/fue bomb woudn't need
much - a coupe of thousand doars at most - consderng they ddn't have to
pay off a web of co-consprators.
A November '94 robbery n Arkansas woud prove to be |ust the crme nvestgators
needed to put the fna pece of the puzze n pace. When the ndctments were
returned, the grand |ury concuded the bombng was fnanced by the robbery of
gun deaer Roger Moore (AKA: Bob Anderson), who had known McVegh and et hm
stay at hs home.
Yet what s nterestng s that the FBI had aready come to the concuson that the
bomb components were aready purchased or stoen by the date of the robbery.
The ndctment was aso ncongruousy worded: "McVegh and Nchos "caused" the
robbery of $60,000 worth of guns, cons and precous metas. Exacty how had they
"caused" the robbery? The prosecuton frst presented the testmony of McVegh's
frend Kevn Nchoas:
234
-icholas: He sad that he screwed hm some way out of some money or
somethng.
Mac$ey: Who s "he"?
-icholas: That Bob dd for when Tm worked for hm.
Mac$ey: And as a resut?
-icholas: He sad he - that he'd be an easy guy to rob because he ved way
back n the stcks and, you know, there was woods around hs house and stuff.
Yet McVegh had a sod ab. He was at a gun show n Kent, Oho on November 5.
St, the government attempted to have Mchae Forter mpcate hs frends at
tra by testfyng that McVegh caed hm and sad, "Nchos got Bob!" Ths argey
hearsay testmony woud not be backed up by further evdence.
Authortes never proved that McVegh or Nchos actuay robbed Moore, but dd
prove that on November 7, 1994, Nchos rented a storage ocker - number 37 -
n Counc Grove, under the aas "Ted Parker" to store some of the stoen tems.
In hs "confesson" to authortes, Forter sad that McVegh met hm n Kngman on
the 15th, whereupon they drove to Kansas. On the way, Forter testfed, McVegh
ponted out the Murrah Budng as the target of the upcomng attack. When they
reached the storage ocker, they oaded 25 guns nto Forter's rented car.
|767|
Back n Kngman, Forter pawned the weapons, or sod them to frends, ncudng
hs neghbor, |ames Rosencrans.
On November 16, Nchos rented ocker O-106 at AAAABCO Storage n Las Vegas,
where ex-wfe Lana Pada dscovered god and sver bars, |ade, aong wth wgs,
masks, and pantyhose. A safety depost box key beongng to Moore was found at
Nchos' home.
The 60-year-od Moore camed he was surprsed one mornng shorty after 9:00
a.m., when two masked men accosted hm outsde hs ktchen door. The men,
wearng woodand-stye camoufage fatgues, bound hm and ransacked hs house,
takng guns, cons, |ewes, and persona effects.
What s strange s that the theves eft a number of expensve handguns and arge-
capacty magaznes, both hghy desrabe tems. The prvate gun deaer, who had
enough weapons to suppy a patoon, dd not have an nsurance rder for the guns,
and most of the sera numbers weren't regstered.
Moore tod the author he ddn't have a rder because he was afrad some nsurance
company secretary woud see hs arge coecton and te her boyfrend, who woud
235
then come and rob hm. A curous expanaton for fang to nsure a hghy vauabe
coecton. Moore cams he ony got a mted settement - approxmatey
$10,000.
Interestngy, one we-connected source I spoke to asserted that "the |Moore|
robbery was staged.. that's the truth.. He (Moore) used a ot of aases, he had
eght dfferent soca securty numbers, eght dfferent dates of brth, and that's
ony the ones that I know about.."
Ths source aso camed, ong before defense attorney Mchae Tgar's aegatons
were made pubc, that the motve of the "robbery" was nsurance fraud, staged
wth the hep of Nchos and McVegh. "Nchos had smpy bought weapons |from
Moore|.. Moore approached Nchos about the fraud orgnay.. Moore took
payment of some odd tems that wnds up n Terry Nchos' |storage ocker|."
Ths asserton was renforced at Nchos' tra, when Tgar questoned Moore's
grfrend, Karen Anderson, about why she had ncuded on her st - a st she
camed had been drawn up n ate 1992 or eary 1993 - a gun that hadn't been
purchased unt ate 1994!
|768|
When I spoke to Moore's frend and neghbor, Nora Waye, she tod me Moore had
companed to her that the oca Sherff who nvestgated the robbery, "bew
|Moore's| cover."
Coud a phony robbery set-up expan the wgs, masks, and pantyhose n Terry
Ncho's storage ocker? Gven the reatonshp between McVegh and Moore, t s
possbe the two men made some sort of dea.
Former grand |uror Hoppy Hedeberg s another person who had doubts about
Moore: "Somethng wasn't rght about hm," sad Hedeberg. "It wasn't that hs
testmony wasn't beevabe. He was |ust cocky. He had a strange atttude for a
man testfyng before a grand |ury. He was so casua about t, that was strange. He
testfed ke a man who had done t many tmes before.. It wasn't anythng he
sad, t was hs atttude. You' see the same atttude n an FBI agent whose
testfyng."
|769|
"Moore's beng protected," sad my source. "No matter how ths thng's gong to
get payed out. He' tak to you a day ong and won't te you a thng. He knows
how to tak."
<ohn 2oe Who>
.We hae no information showin% anyone other than Mr0 McVei%h and Mr0 Nichols
are the masterminds. - 20S0 Attorney $eth Wilkinson
On the day of the deady attack, Attorney Genera |anet Reno announced, "The FBI
and the aw enforcement communty w pursue every ead and use every possbe
236
resource to brng these peope responsbe to |ustce.. It s very mportant that we
pursue each ead. t s gong to be very mportant that we eave no stone
unturned."
In fact, numerous stones were eft unturned.
Whe the |ustce Department (Do|) focused ts efforts on McVegh and Nchos,
scant attenton was focused on other suspects - |ohn Doe 2, the mysterous entty
who was seen wth McVegh, and had accompaned hm the mornng of the
bombng. Wtnesses aso saw hm wth McVegh n the Murrah Budng, n stores, at
restaurants, at a bar, and at the truck renta shop before the bombng. St others
cam to have seen hm speedng away from the scene. A n a, there are amost
two-dozen wtnesses who reported seeng |ohn Doe 2.
The FBI made a bg show of trackng down ths usve, menacng-ookng suspect.
"The FBI has conducted over 9,000 wtness ntervews and has foowed every
possbe ead n an ntensve effort to dentfy and brng to |ustce anyone who was
nvoved n ths dsaster," stated U.S. Attorney Patrck Ryan n a etter to the
vctms' fames.
|770|
The search for |ohn Doe 2 qucky became the bggest man-hunt n FBI hstory.
What authortes weren't sayng however, was that not ony was there a |ohn Doe
2, there were east four |ohn Does! Yet the ssue was qucky and quety narrowed
down to |ust one |ohn Doe 2.
On Apr 23, four days after the bombng, The Washin%ton )ost quoted a senor aw
enforcement offca who sad "at east four" men were nvoved n the terrorst act
ast week and "there very we coud be more."
|771|
The FBI then requafed ts poston on May 15: "Wherever we ook, t's Terry and
Tmmy, Terry and Tmmy - and nobody ese," qupped an unnamed FBI offca n
Time magazne.
Yet on |une 11, another FBI offca was quoted n the )ost as sayng, "I thnk when
ths s over we' have at east sx or eght guys ndcted and n custody. It's |ust too
bg for two guys to pu off."
|772|
Then on |une 15, the FBI backtracked agan. "Perodcay you |ust get somethng n
an nvestgaton that goes nowhere. |ohn Doe 2 goes nowhere. It doesn't show up
n assocatons, t doesn't show up n phone cas. It doesn't show up among the
Army buddes of McVegh."
|773|
The prevous day, the FBI put out a story that |ohn Doe 2 may have actuay been
Todd Buntng, a soder at Fort Rey, Kansas who had rented a truck at the same
deaer McVegh had. The FBI stated that Buntng wore cothng smar to that
ascrbed to |ohn Doe 2, that he had a tattoo n the same pace, and that he wore a
hat smar to |ohn Doe 2's.
237
Yet Eott's empoyees dsmssed Buntng as the person who was seen wth
McVegh, and Buntng hed a press conference statng that he had n fact rented a
truck at Eott's - 24 hours after McVegh aegedy rented hs.
The Buntng story was offcay dropped.
Then, on |anuary 28, 1996, the prosecuton swtched tracks agan, offcay
resurrectng the Todd Buntng story. In a ong bref, the government dscosed that
Eott's empoyee Tom Kessnger was the ony one who coud reca |ohn Doe 2
we enough to descrbe hm.
Now, after a November ntervew wth a prosecutor and two FBI agents, Kessnger
was "confdent that he had Todd Buntng n mnd when he provded the descrpton
for the |ohn Doe 2 composte." Kessnger, the bref contnued, s "now unsure"
whether anyone accompaned McVegh. But hs two co-workers "contnue to
beeve that two men came n to rent the truck."
In that bref, the prosecuton specuated that the defense mght use "Kessnger's
admtted confuson" to chaenge hs dentfcaton of McVegh.
It seemed t was ess "Kessnger's admtted confuson" than a deberate
fabrcaton by prosecutors and the FBI to cover up the exstence of |ohn Doe 2. As
Kessnger tod bombng vctm Genn Wburn, who conducted hs own
nvestgaton, "I don't know how they came up wth that one."
Kessnger ater changed hs story at the urgng of federa prosecutors Patrck Ryan
and |oseph Hartzer. Durng a pretra conference, |ones chaenged Kessnger:
"How can you be so wrong 60 hours after the event and so rght a year and a haf
ater?" |ones asked hm. "Coud you be changng your mnd because the
government wants you to?"
"No," Kessnger reped.
|774|
Yet on March 25 and Apr 5, Hartzer had wrtten |ones that "The exstence and
dentty of ths |ohn Doe 2, whom we are confdent s not Mr. Buntng, s the sub|ect
of a contnung nvestgaton."
And n a May 1, 1996 etter wrtten by Hartzer, the government prosecutor
nformed |ones that Kessnger and Beemer had been shown a pcture of the cap
Buntng wore when he pcked up a truck on Apr 18. "They both stated that the
cap was not the same one they saw on |ohn Doe II," Hartzer wrote, "and they
reaffrmed that ths second ndvdua accompaned 'Kng' when he rented the
truck."
|775|
238
Yet at a hearng on Apr 9, federa prosecutor Beth Wknson stated that the
government "has no nformaton showng anyone but Mr. Nchos and Mr. McVegh
were the mastermnds of ths bombng."
|776|
"They keep teng us they're ookng for |ohn Doe No. 2, but then they turn around
and gve statements ndcatng that they don't beeve there s a |ohn Doe No. 2,"
sad a woman whose husband was ked n the bombng.
|777|
Other vctms, ke nave chdren, bndy paced ther fath n the government's
dubous assurances. Hartzer hed one meetng wth bombng vctms n whch he
"dscussed and dsposed of some of the more bzarre theores."
"I |ust got a better feeng about what's gong on," sad Bud Wech, whose
daughter, |ue, ded n the attack. "The prosecuton assured us that there was no
evdence that was suppressed. We reay ddn't know that," added Wech.
"We know what's gong on now and that they're there for us," Pamea Weber-Fore
sad of the prosecutors.
|778|
Other vctms weren't as easy fooed. "I don't thnk that there's any queston
about the fact that they're coverng up who was nvoved n the bombng," sad
V.Z. Lawton, a HUD worker who was n|ured n the bast. "I've taked to fve
wtnesses mysef who saw McVegh wth |ohn Doe number two n Okahoma Cty
that mornng, wthn ffteen mnutes of the bast... tes me that there s somethng
wrong."
|779|
As Nchos' attorney Mchae Tgar sad, "It's strange that the offca verson has
focused on Nchos and McVegh, and that the government s now busy engaged
n denyng a possbty that there coud be anybody ese."
|780|
9rand <,ry Bypass
.The F$( has thorou%hly inesti%ated all leads and ( am confident in the
inesti%ation0.
-
lead *rosecutor Jose*h 8art-ler
Naturay, whe many eyewtnesses stepped forward to te the FBI they had seen
addtona suspects, not one was ever caed before the grand |ury.
Yet federa prosecutors st had one hurde to overcome before they coud make
ther case. They had to dea wth Hoppy Hedeberg. Hedeberg, who often quoted
from the grand |uror's handbook, was aware that the grand |ury was charged wth
the task of determnng the reevance of the evdence, and askng those questons
pertnent to the case. So far, a the evdence centered around Tmothy McVegh
and Terry Nchos. Hedeberg wanted to know why prosecutors had not
subpoenaed the many wtnesses who had seen |ohn Doe 2.
239
"No one who saw McVegh wth other suspects, was ever aowed to testfy before
the federa grand |ury," sad Hedeberg. The obvous nference beng that those
who saw McVegh woud have aso seen |ohn Doe 2.
But Patrck Ryan seemed to be controng the |ury. He dd not ke Hedeberg's
tendency to go aganst the fow. In a etter to the vctms' fames, Ryan states:
The Unted States has never mantaned or even suggested, that no other person
or persons were nvoved wth McVegh and Nchos n the commsson of these
crmes. As stated earer, the queston of nvovement of others s the sub|ect of
ntensve nvestgaton by federa nvestgators and prosecutors who are totay
devoted and commtted to dentfyng and prosecutng a persons nvoved n the
pannng or commsson of these crmes.
Yet, as n the Kennedy assassnaton, federa prosecutors smpy paraded before
the grand |ury those wtnesses favorabe to ther preordaned vew of the case,
gnorng eads and wtnesses that confcted wth ther hghy dubous verson of
events.
Athough Hedeberg attempted to queston grand |ury wtnesses, he was
repeatedy stonewaed by prosecutors. In an ntervew wth |ournast |on
Rappaport, Hedeberg stated, "They sad I'd have to get the prosecutng attorney's
okay for each queston I wanted to ask. But you know, n daog one queston eads
to another rght away, so you can't cross-examne that way.
"They kept promsng and promsng to answer a my questons, but utmatey
they staed me. I was had."
|781|
In an ntervew on CBS Ths Mornng, Stephen |ones sad, ".what s troubng here
s that the prosecutors, n effect, accordng to ths grand |uror's aegaton, took
away from the grand |ury ther duty to go after the full story, not |ust concentratng
on the two peope that had aready been arrested."
|782|
Not buyng the government's story of a coupe of pssed-off whackos wth a
fertzer bomb, Hedeberg aso asked that bomb experts be caed n to dentfy
the type of bomb used. "Let's get the answer. Let's get the archtects and
engneers who but the budng n there and queston them," Hedeberg tod
Rappaport.
"Dd you request that?" asked Rappaport.
"Of course! I demanded bomb experts a aong. And engneers and geoogsts.
They sad - do you want to know what they sad? They ddn't have the money! I
sad I'd go down to the Unversty of Okahoma and brng some geoogsts back
mysef for free. They woudn't et me.
"The bomb s the key to the whoe case."
|783|
240
In order to satsfy the grand |ury that an ANFO bomb bew up the budng,
prosecutors caed n one bomb expert - Robert Hoper. Hoper, t turns out,
recenty retred from Dyno-Nobe, an exposves manufacturer n Sat Lake Cty.
Dyno-Nobe used to be Hercues Powder Company - a reputed CIA front.
"I knew he was CIA," sad Hedeberg. "It was pretty obvous to me and most of the
|ury."
|784|
|udge Davd Russe eventuay dsmssed Hedeberg from the grand |ury for
havng the audacty to queston the government's case. In a etter to Hedeberg
dated October 24, 1995, Russe states:
Effectvey mmedatey, you are dsmssed from the grand |ury. Your obgaton of
secrecy contnues. Any dscosure of matters that occurred before the grand |ury
consttutes a contempt of court. Each voaton of the obgaton of secrecy may be
punshed cumuatvey.
The government's excuse for dsmssng Hedeberg was an anonymous ntervew
he supposedy gave to Lawrence Myers of Media $y*ass magazne. As prevousy
noted, Hedeberg never consented to be ntervewed by Myers, and n fact, Myers
had surrepttousy obtaned the content of an ntervew conducted by the
nvestgator for Hedeberg's attorney, |ohn DeCamp.
But Hedeberg cams the rea reason was a etter he wrote to |udge Russe dated
October 5th, n whch Hedeberg states:
The fames of the vctms deserve to know who was nvoved n the bombng, and
there appears to be an attempt to protect the dentty of certan suspects, namey
|ohn Doe 2..
"I thnk they (the government) knows who |ohn Doe 2 s, and they are protectng
hm," sad Hedeberg n an ntervew n Ju+ilee Ma%a-ine. "Ths s because |ohn
Doe 2 s ether a government agent or nformant and they can't afford for that to
get out."
|785|
Eventuay, the FBI dropped the |ohn Doe 2 ead atogether. |ohn Doe 2 had been a
red herrng, a fase ead, the |ustce Department camed. |ohn Doe 2 had never
reay exsted.
|786|
Dozens of credbe wtnesses thnk otherwse.
Catna Lawson, who was frends wth McVegh, remembered |ohn Doe 2 from the
Summer of '92, when she and her frends woud hod partes and nvte soders
from nearby Fort Rey. McVegh showed up wth Andy Strassmer, Mke Forter, and
Mchae Bresca. In fact, Lawson's roommate, Lndsay |ohnson, dated the
handsome, we-but Bresca.
241
Two days after the bombng, Lawson caed the FBI and tod them that Bresca
cosey resembed the sketch of |ohn Doe 2.
Yet n spte of overturnng 21,000 stones, the FBI never even bothered to foow up
on her story.
Robert Gohn, who ved across the road from McVegh n Kngman, recaed seeng
one of the mysterous |ohn Does around the eary Summer of '94. Accordng to
Gohn, one day a short, stocky man who ooked "ke a weght fter" arrved at
McVegh's traer wth Terry Nchos.
|787|
On Apr 7, Dr. Pau Heath was workng n hs offce at the Murrah Budng when
"McVegh" and two of hs companons stopped by for a chat. Heath recaed one of
the men as "Amercan-Indan ookng" and "handsome."
|788|
As the Assocated Press reported on Apr 27, 1995:
. |U.S. Attorney Randy| Rathburn sad neghbors of Nchos'. reported that
Nchos spent Apr 12-14 wth McVegh and severa undentfed men. One of the
men resembed sketches of |ohn Doe 2..
|789||790|
On Saturday, Apr 15, Barbara Whttenberg served breakfast to three men at the
Sante Fe Tra Dner n Herrngton, Kansas. One of the men was dark-sknned and
handsome. When he tod her they were on ther way to Okahoma Cty, McVegh
shot hm a hard ook that sad "keep quet."
|791|
Eary the next day, around 1:00 a.m., Meba was workng the de counter at
Abertson's Supermarket on South May n Okahoma Cty, when "McVegh" and
|ohn Doe 2 stopped by for sandwches.
|792|
"McVegh," t seems, was st n town when Physs Kngsey and Lnda Kuhman
saw three vehces pu nto the H-Way Gr, |ust south of Okahoma Cty, around
6:00 p.m. on Sunday. McVegh came n and ordered hamburgers and fres to go,
and was accompaned by a short, stocky, handsome man, of ether Mexcan or
Amercan Indan descent. The man cosey resembed the FBI sketch of |ohn Doe 2.
|793|
That same day, back at the Dreamand Mote n |uncton Cty, Conne Hood was
returnng to her room around 12:45 a.m. when a man n room 23 qucky opened
the door as f expectng a vstor, then qucky cosed t when he saw Hood. The
man, who started her, was n hs eary 20s, about 5'8" ta, 180 bs., wth dark har
brushed straght back and an ove compexon. Hood recas he cosey resembed
the sketch of |ohn Doe 2, but wth sghty fuer features. She descrbed hm as a
"foregner."
|794|
242
The foowng day, Hood and her husband Donad returned to the Dreamand to
vst ther frend Davd Kng n room 22. A Ryder truck pued up at the same tme
they dd, the drver strongy resembng the man Hood saw the prevous day.
Shane Boyd, a hecopter mechanc who was aso stayng at the Dreamand, ater
tod reporters and nvestgators that he saw a bushy-hared man resembng the
|ohn Doe 2 sketch n the parkng ot near room 25 - Tmothy McVegh's room.
One ext away from the Dreamand Mote sts the Great Western Inn. Accordng to
the manager, a Mdde Eastern man stayed at the mote on the 17th. "He spoke
broken Engsh," sad the manager. "|He| gave a foregn name and was drvng a
Ryder truck." The man cosey resembed the FBI's sketch of |ohn Doe 2.
"Sometme on Monday," recaed Conne Hood, "those two - McVegh and the
foregner - oaded up together, n a Ryder truck, and pued out of the Dreamand
parkng ot together. that was the ast I saw of them."
|795|
Later that day, |antors Katherne Woody and Martn |ohnson were workng the 5-9
p.m. shft n the Murrah Budng when they saw "McVegh" and |ohn Doe 2.
McVegh spoke to Martn about a |ob, and |ohn Doe 2 nodded to Woody.
|796|
At 3:00 p.m. on Monday, or possby Tuesday, |err-Lynn Backhous and Dornda
Hermes were workng at the Easy-Mart n Newkrk, 100 mes north of Okahoma
Cty, when a convoy pued n. One of the vehces - a ght bue pck-up wth a
camper top - was beng drven by Terry Nchos. Backhous recaed Nchos'
passenger as average heght, dark-sknned, wth back har and a muscuar bud.
"He ooked |ust ke the |ohn Doe 2 sketch," she sad.
|797|
Debbe Nakanash was workng at the Post Offce across the street from the Murrah
Budng around on Monday or Tuesday when "McVegh" and |ohn Doe 2 stopped n
and asked where they mght fnd federa |ob appcatons. Nakanash heped
provde the descrpton for the we-known profe sketch of |ohn Doe 2 n the
baseba cap.
Guy Rubsamen, a securty guard at the Murrah Budng saw a arge Ryder truck
pu up to the curb n front of the budng around 4:00 p.m. on Monday, the 17th.
Rubsamen ater concuded t was a dress rehearsa.
"There was ether two or three men, but one |umped out the drver's sde, and one
or two out the passenger sde," Rubsamen tod the Rocky Mountain News. "The
frst thng that struck me was how qucky they |umped out. Those guys were n a
hurry."
|798|
The Ryder truck woud make ts appearance the foowng evenng at the Catte
Baron's Steakhouse n Perry, Okahoma. |eff Meyers and another customer recaed
seeng McVegh and a companon, who stopped by for a few beers. The man was
243
approxmatey sx feet ta and weghed 260 pounds - a descrpton not befttng
the |ohn Doe 2s descrbed by other wtnesses.
|799|
Rchard Snnett, the assstant manager of the Save-A-Trp convenence store n
Kngman, Kansas, sod fue to McVegh and three other men at approxmatey 1:30
a.m. on Apr 19. Snnett saw three vehces n a, ncudng a Ryder truck, an oder
brown pck-up (possby beongng to Steven Cobern?), and a ght coored car.
Snnett descrbed |ohn Doe 2 as muscuar, 170 to 180 pounds, wth short ght
brown har and a ght compexon. He recaed the Ryder truck was towng a traer
that contaned a arge, round tank fed wth cear qud. The store s about 175
mes north of Okahoma Cty.
|800|
Fred Skrda, a casher at a 24-hour truck stop near Bngs, tod the FBI he sod fue
to McVegh between 1 and 3 a.m. on Apr 19. The staton s about 80 mes north
of Okahoma Cty.
As the sun rose, McVegh and a frend sat down for coffee at |acke's Farmers Store
n Muha, Okahoma. Muha Postmaster Mary Hunncutt stood rght next to
McVegh as he ordered hs coffee. She was "advsed" not to dscuss what she had
seen, est she be summoned before the Federa Grand |ury. She wasn't.
|801|
Ten mnutes before the bast, Leroy Brooks was sttng n hs car at the Sooner Post
Offce across from the Murrah Budng, when a Ryder truck pued up across the
street, traed by a yeow Mercury. The drvers of both vehces got out and waked
to the back of the truck, where they spoke for a few seconds, and exchanged a
sma package. After Brooks came out of the Post Offce, he saw that the Ryder
truck, whch contaned a passenger, had moved n front of the Murrah Budng.
"McVegh" was wakng brsky across 5th Street towards the |ourna Record
budng.
Danny Wkerson sod "McVegh" a pack of cgarettes (McVegh doesn't smoke) and
two soft drnks at a de nsde the Regency Towers apartments a bock from the
Murrah Budng. Wkerson recaed a passenger sttng n the cab of the Ryder
truck, whch had a cab overhang, and was shorter than the 24-foot mode the FBI
camed McVegh had rented.
|802|
Federa authortes had st more wtnesses to ca on had they wanted to. Mke
Moroz, who was at work at |ohnny's Tre Store on 10th and Hudson, on Apr 19,
ooked up to see a Ryder truck pu n at 8:40 a.m. The occupants were ookng for
drectons to the Murrah Budng. Moroz caught a gmpse of the passenger - a
stocky man wth dark cury har wearng a ba cap, and a tattoo on hs upper eft
arm.
Severa mnutes earer, Davd Snder was watng for a devery n Brcktown, about
25 bocks away, when a Ryder truck passed sowy by, as f ookng for an address.
However, ths tme the drver was a dark-sknned man wth ong, straght back
244
har, wearng a thn mustache and tear-drop sungasses. The passenger was
"McVegh." Snce Snder's account of the occupants dffered remarkaby from the
prevous accounts, coud ths have been the second Ryder truck descrbed by
wtnesses? If so, dd ths mean there were two "McVeghs" and two |ohn Doe 2s?
|803|
At approxmatey the same tme as Snder saw the Ryder truck, Tusa banker Kye
Hunt came upon the truck at Man and Broadway, traed by a yeow Mercury. Hunt
sad the Mercury drver was Tmothy McVegh. "He gave me that cy, go-to-he
ook," sad Hunt. "It knd of unnerved me."
|804|
Whe Hunt ddn't see the occupants
of the truck, he dd reca two passengers n the car. One of them, he sad, had
ong har, smar to the man Physs Kngsey saw on Sunday at the H-Way Gr.
None of the men was Terry Nchos, who was n Herrngton that mornng.
|ust outsde the Murrah Budng, Denns "Rodney" |ohnson was drvng hs caterng
truck, when he suddeny had to brake to avod httng two men who were runnng
towards the parkng ot across the street.
|805|
The men, who were n "a fast ockstep" wth each other, appeared to be Tmothy
McVegh and |ohn Doe 2. |ohnson descrbed McVegh's companon as "Mexcan or
Amercan-Indan." He was "dark-sknned. probaby about 5-8 and maybe 160
pounds," |ohnson sad. "He was wearng bue |ogger pants wth a strpe across the
sde. He had scked-back har."
|806|
Then there was Gary Lews. A pressman for the Journal Record/ Lews stepped
outsde to smoke hs ppe |ust mnutes before the bast. As stood n the aey
across from the Murrah Budng, a yeow Mercury peeed away from ts spot and
bore down on hm. The drver, whom he made bref eye-contact wth, appeared to
be Tmothy McVegh. And hs passenger resembed the sketch of |ohn Doe 2. The
car had an Okahoma tag (not an Arzona tag as authortes camed) dangng by
one bot.
Even FBI Agent |ohn Hersey had testfed before the Federa Grand |ury that ".
severa wtnesses spotted a yeow car carryng McVegh and another man
speedng away from the parkng ot near the. |budng| before the bast."
|807|
Fnay there was Dana Bradey. A young mother, Bradey was standng by the
wndow of the Soca Securty offce seconds before the bast, when she saw a man
get out of the passenger sde of the Ryder truck. Moments ater, Bradey's word
turned to backness, smoke and dust as she was showered by fang concrete.
Bradey, who ost her eg, her mother, and her two chdren n the bombng, st
ceary recas the man who got out of the truck. He ooked ke |ohn Doe 2.
Of course, federa "nvestgators" woud show as tte nterest n these and other
dscrepances as they woud n the numerous |ohn Does. Some of these wtnesses
were never even contacted by the FBI, eventhough a of them had repeatedy
tred to aert the Bureau. Ony after federa prosecutors had coerced Dana Bradey
245
nto changng her story, dd she testfy at McVegh's tra. None of the others were
ever caed.
"I know I wasn't caed because I woud have to testfy that I dd see |ohn Doe 2. I
know I saw |ohn Doe 2," sad Rodney |ohnson.
|808|
Then n March of 1997, after changng t's mnd haf a dozen tmes about the
exstence of |ohn Doe 2, t was "eaked" to the press that the FBI was searchng for
a |ohn Doe. Hs name was Robert |aques.
Ths "new" |ohn Doe 2 had appeared at the offce of rea estate broker Wam
Maoney, of Cassve, Mssour, n November of '94, aong wth Terry Nchos and a
man who ooked ke McVegh. They were there to dscuss purchasng a remote
pece of and. |oe Lee Davdson, a saesman n Maoney's offce, recaed the
encounter wth |aques: "The day he was here, he seemed to be the one that was n
contro and n charge of what was gong on," sad Davdson. "Nchos never sad a
whoe ot and McVegh never dd come n.."
|809|
Maoney descrbed |aques as muscuar, wth a broad, dark face, smar to, but not
qute dentca as, the orgna FBI sketch of |ohn Doe 2.
Is t possbe the sudden announcement of |aques was a dverson, to satsfy a
pubc ncreasngy savvy about the exstence of |ohn Doe 2?
Nevertheess, a month after ths new ead was announced, the government went
ahead wth the tra of McVegh, makng no attempt to ntroduce any addtona
suspects.
They aso dropped the ead on Steven Cobern, n spte of the fact that hs pck-up
was seen stopped ahead of McVegh 90 mnutes after the bombng.
|810|
The Mdde-Eastern ead was aso dropped. The FBI dened puttng out the APB on
the brown pck-up contanng the three Mdde Eastern maes seen speedng away
from the bombng. And whe the FBI knew about Sam Khad, they dd nothng but
ask hm some questons.
An affdavt submtted by FBI Agent |ohn Hersey stated: "A wtness to the bombng
saw two, possby three persons n a brown Chevroet pckup - feeng the area of
the crme - |ust pror to the bast." Athough agents ntervewed the wtness who
saw Hussan a-Hussan drvng the brown pck-up, she was never brought before a
ne-up, and never caed to testfy before the Federa Grand |ury. Hussan's frend
Abraham Ahmed was turned oose as we.
|811|
As n the Kennedy assassnaton, the FBI sent thousands of agents hther and
yonder to scour the country, searchng out even the most obscure eads. Agents
swarmed through Kngman, conductng warrantess searches, arrestng nnocent
peope, and wreckng havoc. Dozens more swooped down on Terry Nchos 12-
246
year-od son |osh, whom they thought may have been |ohn Doe 2. Agents were
sent to the Phppnes to nvestgate Nchos' actvtes there, and thousands more
had detaned and questoned anyone even remotey suspcous.
Yet, as n the Kennedy case, few agents actuay knew |ust why they were foowng
up on any gven ead. Very few ever were ever aowed to compare notes, or catch
a gmpse of the "bg pcture."
More mportanty, those ndvduas who shoud have been prme suspects for
questonng were never even detaned. No agents were sent to Eohm cty to
ntervew Andreas Strassmer or Mchae Bresca, or Peter and Sonny Ward.
Lkewse, none of the Mdde Eastern suspects prevousy mentoned were arrested.
Had any FBI agents actuay attempted to foow up on any of these eads, ke ther
predecessors n Daas, they woud have been qucky reassgned to other cases by
Washngton.
The same hed true for oca aw-enforcement. FBI SAC Bob Rcks - who doed out
a mendacous dose of propaganda durng the Waco massacre - was apponted
Pubc Safety Drector after the bombng, puttng hm n charge of the OHP.
The OSBI were made coffee boys and drvers for the FBI. Dstrct Attorney Bob
Macy, aong wth oca poce, were "advsed" to stay out of the case.
|812|
Sx days before the start of McVegh's tra, Steven |ones fed a defense moton
ctng aw-enforcement and defense ntervews wth a Fpno terrorst who
admtted meetng wth bombng defendant Terry Nchos.
Lead prosecutor |oseph Hartzer caed |ones' carefuy nvestgated and researched
nformaton "pup fcton."
Yet a Washngton-based terrorst expert who nvestgated the Word Trade Center
bombng and s famar wth some the suspects n |ones' bref sad, "The whoe
dea that no one but Tmothy McVegh - that there's nothng wder than ths - no
one woud beeve t f the government weren't sayng t. It's so mpausbe a story.
"The government has the nerve to ca t pup fcton," added the hghy-respected
source. Their story s 'pup fcton.'"
|813|
Apparenty, the government was concerned enough about |ones' reveatons to
order a the wtness statements seaed.
In the end, the FBI propounded ts dsngenuous theory that McVegh and Nchos
were the "one bombers" |ust as qucky as they had decded that Lee Harvey
Oswad was the "Lone assassn" twenty-eght years ago.
Choir Boys
247
.Stated sim*ly/ neither the ATF nor any other federal a%ency had any adance
knowled%e of the deadly +om+ that McVei%h deliered to the Murrah $uildin%0A
The *rosecution is not withholdin% anythin% that een remotely would su**ort
such an outra%eous char%e0. - "e*artment of Justice
.( can assure you that there has +een no %oernment misconduct and the men and
women of the F$( that we1re workin% with are +eyond re*roach0.
- 20S0 Attorney Jose*h 8art-ler
.Our %oernment/ unfortunately/ has shown remarka+le a+ility to lie0.
- Ste*hen Jones
One exampe of the |ustce Department's refusa to admt the possbty of any
suspects other than McVegh and Nchos was ts stubborn nsstence on hoardng
dscovery documents that t shoud have been rghtfuy turned over to the defense
under the federa $rady requrements. In a moton fed sx days before the start of
McVegh's tra, |ones aeged that the prosecuton not ony ed about the avaabe
evdence, they deberatey obsfucated and dstorted certan ATF and FBI reports
on Eohm Cty, deberatey msspeng the names Caro Howe, Robert Mar,
Andreas Strassmer, Denns Mahon and others so that the defense woud be unabe
to retreve any documents regardng these suspects durng ther computer
searches. As |ones wrote n hs bref:
Defense counse s convnced that the government has engaged n a wfu and
knowng cover-up of nformaton supped to t by ts nformant. The defense was
unabe to ocate ths nsert usng a computer because a ma|or search terms
contaned n the nsert were msspeed. Eohm Cty was msspeed or
msdentfed (Eohm Cty), as was Mahon (Mehaun), Strassmer (Strassmeyer), the
Rev. Robert Mar (Bob Lamar) and n addton, Caro Howe was not dentfed n
the nsert at a.
|814|
Thus the defense was unabe to ocate mportant nformaton that Caro Howe, a
ATF nformant, had provded crtca warnngs that the Murrah Budng was about
to be bombed. As |ones wrote:
Our patence s exhausted. We are no onger convnced the documents drafted
and furnshed to us, after the fact, by bureaucraces whose very exstence and
credbty s chaenged, can be reed upon..
248
The government has tod the dstrct court that t had 'no nformaton" of a possbe
foregn nvovement when t dd. The government has tod the dstrct court that
"Andreas Strassmer was never the sub|ect of the nvestgaton," when he was..
Statements to the court by the prosecuton that t cannot connect Strassmer and
Mahon to the bombng are hardy surprsng. They dd not try very hard to connect
them because had they been connected, and Caro Howe's prevous warnng
dscosed, the resutng furor woud have been unmagnabe..
The repeated practce of the government and prosecuton n ths case when the
shoe gets bndng s to make a parta dscosure, assure the Dstrct Court t
understands ts $rady obgatons, and hod ts breath, hopng the court does not
order further dscosure, or w rey on the prosecuton's "good fath"..
Ths s a soemn crmna case, not Ace n Wonderand where defntons mean
ony what "the Oueen thnks" and what she thnks s not known to anyone ese.
|815|
Lyng about addtona suspects wasn't the ony crme the "|ustce" Department
was guty of. Manpuatng and confscatng evdence aso seemed to be a ma|or
too n ther arsena of decet.
Rchard Beder, the attorney representng a group bombng vctms n ther
neggence awsut aganst the government, tod the 3ondon Tele%ra*h that he had
seen nterna ATF documents whch supported many of the cams made by Caro
Howe. But the reports for December 1994, probaby the most crtca ones, have
vanshed from the fes.
|816|
On Apr 14, 1995, the FBI paced a ca to Assstant Chef Chares Ganes at the
Okahoma Cty Fre Department to warn hm of a potenta terrorst threat wthn
the next few days. Yet ke the FBI's warnngs of the threat aganst the fe of
Presdent Kennedy, or Nxon's nfamous Watergate tapes, the audo ogs of the Fre
Department's ncomng cas were mysterousy "erased."
When asked to expan ths "accdenta" erasure, Assstant Chef |on Hansen
ntegenty reped, "We made a boo-boo." Hansen then admtted to reporter |.D.
Cash that the tapes had been erased after the natona meda had requested them.
|817|
On Apr 28th the tape of |ames Nchos' hearng was reeased by court order, and
t was bank. Nothng whatsoever coud be heard on the tape. It was the ony
record of the proceedngs.
On Apr 19, the sesmc data montor at the Omnpex Museum, four mes from the
Murrah Budng, had recorded the shock waves of the exposon. The sesmograph
readngs, ncudng one from the Unversty of Okahoma 16 mes away n Norman,
presented startng evdence - evdence that the exposon that rpped through
249
the Afred P. Murrah budng may n fact have been severa dstnct basts. The
mpcatons of ths are omnous.
At a meetng of the Okahoma Geophysca Socety on November 20th,
Sesmoogsts Ray Brown of the Okahoma Geoogca Survey and Tom Hozer of
the U.S. Geoogca Survey gathered to dscuss the fndngs. Pat Brey, a sesmc
programmer, who has ndependenty nvestgated the bombng, attended the
meetng, as dd U.S. Attorney Patrck Ryan and Assstant U.S. Attorney |erome A.
Homes.
Athough the two scentsts dsagreed on fndngs regardng the number of bombs,
ess than a thrd of the way through the presentaton, Ryan got up, waked to the
back of the room, and began gvng a prvate press conference:
"I was certany satsfed that these scentsts coud not say that there was
anythng other than one bomb that caused the sesmoogy readng," sad Ryan, a
statement obvousy nconsstent wth the dscusson occurrng at the tme.
"Ryan ed very heavy," sad Brey. "Ths guy reay ed."
After the meetng, Brey potey asked Ryan to gve hm the orgna sesmogram
n the FBI's possesson. Ryan got up, angry accused Brey of workng for the
defense team, then stammered out of the room.
|818|
Surveance cameras ocated n the parkng ot across from the Murrah budng,
and on neghborng budngs, woud have recorded the entre fatefu event that
terrbe mornng. The tapes woud have aso shown the budng coapsng. They
woud have concusvey proven whether the structure was destroyed by cuttng
charges, or by a truck-bomb. But ke Abraham Zapruder's famous footage of the
Kennedy assassnaton, the tapes were qucky confscated by the FBI.
In an ntervew wth |on Rappaport, Hoppy Hedeberg sad, "The varous
surveance vdeotapes of the bombng, tapes from, say, Southwestern Be and
the |ourna Record Budng across the street, we don't know that they showed a
the detas of the bombng, ncudng the perpetrators, but t's possbe. None of
ths matera was shown to us n the grand |ury."
Certan segments of the footage was presented by the prosecuton at tra. One cut
ncuded a shot of a bue GMC pck-up wth a whte camper top (the knd owned by
Terry Nchos) drvng sowy past the Regency Towers apartments near the Murrah
Budng on Apr 16 - the day Nchos aegedy drove to Okahoma to pck up
McVegh.
The prosecuton aso dspayed a st frame of a Ryder truck drvng by the
Regency Towers on the mornng of the bast. The tme was 8:59 a.m. They then
showed a st of the truck bowng up, stamped 9:02 a.m. Curousy, the
250
government was carefu not to show the |ury any footage whch showed any
suspects gettng out of the truck.
|819|
Surveance footage taken by Trooper Chares Hanger upon hs arrest of McVegh
had caught a brown pck-up stopped |ust ahead - thought to beong to Steven
Cobern. When researcher Ken Armstrong questoned the OHP about the tape, he
was tod t had been "sezed" by the FBI. The OHP woud not comment further.
|820|
On |une 1st, KFOR reporter Brad Edwards sent the |ustce Department a Freedom
of Informaton request concernng the varous surveance footage. In ther repy,
the FBI stated:
A search of our ndces to the Centra Records System, as mantaned n the
Okahoma Cty Offce, ocated matera responsve request (sc) to your request.
Ths matera s beng wthhed n ts entrety pursuant to the foowng subsecton
of Tte 5, Unted States Code, Secton 552: (b) (7) (A)
When |ones fnay fed a moton for dscosure after prosecutors refused to hand
over the tapes, he was gven 400 hours of footage. Accordng to defense attorney
Amber McGaughn, the tapes dd not revea the presence of Tmothy McVegh.
|821|
Of course, who knows what the FBI actuay turned over to the defense. In the
Kennedy case, the most reveang evdence was the Zapruder fm - homemade
footage showng Presdents Kennedy's head beng basted towards the rght-rear -
ndcatng the fata shot came from the Grassy Kno, not the Book Depostory as
the government camed. Yet the FBI confscated Zapruder's fm and atered the
sequence of the ncrmnatng frames, reversng them to gve the mpresson that
Kennedy's head had urched forward. It was ony ater that experts reveaed the
tamperng.
The FBI sad t was a "mstake."
The Zapruder fm was fnay reeased n 1968, the resut of Dstrct Attorney |m
Garrson's courageous efforts to revea the truth. The queston s, when w the
Amercan pubc get to see the vdeo footage of the Okahoma Cty bombng?
Whe the FBI dd ther best to keep key evdence from the grand |ury, as n the
Kennedy case, they even went so far as to convnce severa wtnesses that ther
former statements were fase, and to retract them n eu of statements more
favorabe to the prosecuton. A prmary exampe s Mchae Forter, who orgnay
tod nvestgators, "I do not beeve that Tm |McVegh| bew up any budng n
Okahoma. There's nothng for me to ook back upon and say, yeah, that mght
have been, I shoud have seen t back then - there's nothng ke that.. I know
my frend. Tm McVegh s not the face of terror as reported on Time magazne."
But after the FBI raded hs home, Forter reversed hs statement, sayng that he
and McVegh has "cased" the federa budng, n response to an offer of a pea
251
bargan. Forter was then transferred to the Federa Medca Facty at Fort Worth,
Texas. It s not known why.
|822|
Accordng to Hedeberg, the FBI brought 24-hour-a-day pressure on Forter for
months before he was arrested. Consequenty, Forter dd not retan a awyer,
ddn't know he needed one, and was subsequenty bued by the Bureau. By the
tme he managed to retan a awyer, Forter had aready been broken.
Lor Forter testfed that McVegh tred to soct Nchos' hep n budng the bomb,
but that Nchos wanted out. He then aegedy tred to soct her husband.
Accordng to her testmony, McVegh got down on the foor of ther traer and,
usng soup cans to represent 55-gaon drums, demonstrated how to make a bomb.
|823|
Were the Forters reayng accurate testmony? Lke the testmony of Edon Eott
about McVegh's heght, or that of Thomas Mannng regardng McVegh's phone ca
to Eott's, none of ths nformaton was contaned n pror statements made by the
Forters to the FBI.
As w be seen wth pror ncdents of government wtness tamperng and
fabrcated testmony, ther testmony s hghy crcumspect.
The Forters' testmony s aso somewhat questonabe due to ther drug use.
Accordng to co-worker Deborah Brown, who testfed at McVegh's tra, Lor Forter
used crysta methamphetamne amost day. Methamphetamne s wdey known
for ts abty to nduce deusona or even psychotc states over tme.
|824|
Forter eventuay confessed to transportng and seng stoen frearms, drug
possesson, foreknowedge of the bombng pot, and fang to nform federa
authortes.
|825|
Sad grand |uror Hoppy Hedeberg, "The FBI reed on a man, Forter, who reay
coudn't provde anythng mportant to them. You need to remember that. That's
mportant."
|826|
Lor Forter aso testfed that "I st beeved he (McVegh) coudn't reay do t."
|ones then asked her, "Ms. Forter, you sad you thought McVegh reay woudn't
carry out hs pans, then you sad you, 'wanted out.' How can you 'want out' f
there was nothng to 'be n'"?
|ones woud take ths one step further. On cross-examnaton, he assduousy
questoned Forter's motvatons:
<ones: Now, n addton, n your conversaton you had wth your brother on Apr
the 25th, 1995 - that's your brother |ohn?
%ortier: Yes, sr.
252
<ones: Dd you make the foowng statement: "I've been thnkng about tryng to
do those tak-show crcuts for a ong tme, come up wth some asnne story and
get my frends to go n on t"?
%ortier: Yes, sr, I made that statement.
<ones: And n the same conversaton, dd your brother say to you: "Whether the
story s true or not, f you want to st here and sten to a fabe, that's a t was at
the tme s a fabe"? And then dd you say: "I found my career, 'cause I can te a
fabe"? And then dd you burst out aughng and say, "I coud te stores a day"?
%ortier: Yes, sr.
<ones: Then do you know an ndvdua named Gynn?
%ortier: Yes.
<ones: And hs ast name, sr?
%ortier: I thnk you're referrng to Gynn Brnge.
<ones: Dd you have a conversaton wth hm by teephone on Apr the 30th?
%ortier: Yes.
<ones: And dd you say, "I want to wat t after the tra and do book and move
rghts. I can |ust make up somethng |ucy"? And then dd you augh?
%ortier: I'm not sure f I aughed or not, but I dd make that statement.
<ones: "Somethng that's worth The &n9uirer, you know." You made those
statements.
%ortier: Yes, sr.
The obvous nference was that the "|ustce" Department had a hand n generatng
the Forters' testmony. As |ones ponted out durng hs cosng argument, the
terms of Forter's pea agreement provded that any enency woud be contngent
upon hs performance n court.
Not true, accordng to the FBI, whch spent over 175 hours soctng statements
from the Forters; and |oseph Hartzer, who met wth hs "star wtness" between 7
and 10 tmes to "make sure he tod the truth."
|827|
In fact, durng McVegh's tra, Lor Forter testfed on cross-examnaton that she
had arrved n Denver fve days before she was schedued for tra. She testfed
253
that she spent the better part of Frday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday practcng
for her testmony wth federa prosecutors.
Phadepha prosecutors spent a ot of tme wth Veronca |ones to "make sure she
tod the truth" too - convncng her to mpcate |ournast Muma Abu-|ama,
accused of shootng poce offcer Dane Faukner. |ones, who was facng unreated
feony charges at the tme, orgnay tod poce she saw two other men fee the
scene. After threats and promses from poce, she changed her story, testfyng to
the government's verson of events. Her feony charges were subsequenty
dropped.
|828|
Forter, whose speech and appearance were magcay transformed for hs day n
court, reportedy receved a reduced sentence of three years n exchange for hs
testmony. Hs wfe Lor was granted compete mmunty from prosecuton for
her's.
|ones aso accused the FBI of harassng |ennfer McVegh and her frends n the
days after the bombng, hopng to obtan derogatory nformaton about her
brother. He sad the FBI scared peope "beyond beef wth threats of prosecuton"
f they ddn't tak.
|829|
On the ffth day of |ennfer McVegh's nterrogaton, the FBI ushered her nto a
room wth huge bown up pctures of her and her brother (taken off her refrgerator
door), and babes who ded n the bombng. Interspersed between the photos were
statutes from the U.S. Code pertanng to treason, wth phrases such as "Treason s
punshabe by death," and "The penaty for treason s "&AT80. (government's
emphass)
Under cross-examnaton, |ennfer was asked f she was aware that treason s ony
punshabe n tmes of war. Stunned by ths reveaton, she answered, "No."
The FBI aso trcked |ennfer nto testfyng by promsng her mmunty from
prosecuton f she cooperated. Durng a break n the tra, a reporter asked
prosecutor Vcky Behenna why |ennfer needed mmunty. "She ddn't," Behenna
reped," but she woudn't testfy wthout t, so we gave t to her."
|830|
The FBI aso trcked Marfe Nchos nto sgnng a consent form before they
searched her house. When she was asked f the agents advsed her of her rght to
retan a awyer or refuse to answer questons, the 23-year-od Fpno answered, "I
don't remember. I don't thnk so." Marfe sad that when she asked whether she dd
need a awyer, prosecutors and FBI agents dscouraged her. "They tod me, 'You're
okay as ong as you are teng the truth. You don't need a awyer."
|831|
|ames Nchos dscovered they were radng his house after he heard t on the
news. "I heard on the rado they were radng a house n Decker, Mchgan. I sad,
'Wow, that's awfu cose to home.' We, wthn an hour I found out. Mne!"
|832|
254
Nchos beeves the ATF, whch raded hs house, set hm up to be murdered,
ether as an act of revenge or to prevent hm from testfyng at tra. He tod
"ateline1s Chrs Hansen that after the agents entered hs home, they asked hm to
retreve a gun he kept n hs bedroom. Nchos responded, "No, I won't go get t. I
tod you, send an agent or two n there to go do t." 'Aw, go ahead. Go and do t,'
the agent responded, and they a turned ther backs, rea nonchaanty. I sad,
'Whoa, wat a mnute.' They'd 'a shot me, because they woud have |ust sad 'He
pued a gun on us.' The fate of Terry and Tm woud have been sgned, seaed and
devered. Dead peope don't testfy."
|833|
For hs part, Terry Nchos beeved that he was not n custody after he waked nto
the Herrngton, Kansas poce staton on Apr 21 to see why hs name was beng
broadcast on teevson. Apparenty, the agents were hopng they coud get more
out of Nchos by eadng hm to beeve they had no ntenton of arrestng hm.
"Mr. Nchos was coerced, deceved, and sub|ected to psychoogca poys desgned
to overcome hs w and make hm confess," hs attorney stated n a ega bref.
Defense attorneys aso contend Nchos was fasey promsed he coud revew
agents' notes on hs statements for accuracy, and was fasey tod he or hs wfe
coud be present at searches.
Prosecutors countered that federa agents acted "wth remarkabe dgence and n
a manner that honored the Consttuton."
Sure.
%ran$ Keating: 2amage Control ;nc1
.We are %oin% to im*ose our a%enda on the coera%e +y dealin% with the issues
and su+>ects we choose to deal with0. - Richard M0 !ohan/ Senior )roducer of !$S
News
.The +usiness of the New 'ork >ournalist is to destroy the truth/ to lie outri%ht/ to
*erert/ to ilify/ to fawn at the feet of Mammon/ and to sell his race and his
country for his daily +read0. - John Swinton/ !&O/ New 'ork Times/ New 'ork )ress
!lu+/ A*ril :B/ :CDE.
.The !entral (ntelli%ence A%ency owns eeryone of any si%nificance in the ma>or
media0. - William !ol+y/ former !(A "irector
255
Eght months after the bombng, Okahoma State Representatve Chares Key,
dssatsfed wth the "offca" nvestgaton, attempted to form a state oversght
commttee. House Speaker Gen |ohnson rdcued Key's efforts, statng hs
satsfacton wth the |ustce Department's offca fantasy tae. Anyone who
subsequenty attempted to chaenge the government's offca ne was pubcy
dscredted by Governor Keatng, sneered at by Attorney Genera Drew
Edmondson, and aughed at by the manstream press.
|834|
The oca meda provded a convenent patform for Governor Keatng to dsmss
crtcs of the government's handng of the case, ncudng Edye Smth, Hoppy
Hedeberg and Representatve Key. In an attempt to dscredt Hedeberg, Keatng
headed a carefuy orchestrated chorus of meda pundts, statng that Hedeberg
was "off the reservaton."
Keatng aso |oned KWTV n attackng KFOR's coverage of the Mdde Eastern
connecton, statng they acked ntegrty.
He abeed |m Levne, an attorney who represented severa vctms *ro +ono n an
attempt to reease money from the Governor and Mayor's Vctms Reef Funds a
"bottom-feedng" awyer.
|835|*
For hs courageous efforts n uncoverng the truth, Keatng sad Representatve Key
was "bayng at the moon."
|836|
Aong wth bombng vctm Genn Wburn, Key attempted to mpane a County
Grand |ury. Such a |ury, operatng outsde the scope of the federa nvestgaton,
woud not ony have the power to nvestgate facts gnored by the federa grand
|ury, but have the power to eve crmna obstructon of |ustce charges aganst
anybody whom they beeved mght have mpeded the nvestgaton.
Gven the aegatons of wrongdong n the federa nvestgaton, such charges
coud concevaby be eveed aganst everybody from the ATF to the |ustce
Department.
In an ntervew n the Mc!urtain ,a-ette, Key expaned, "Indsputabe proof exsts
now that the federa grand |ury was purposey sheded from wtnesses who saw
Tmothy McVegh wth other suspects, both pror to and mmedatey after the
bombng assaut.. They may have a good motve for ths, but thus far t escapes
me - and, I mght add, severa members of the federa grand |ury who wtnessed
ths farce."
Keatng's response, quoted n the "aily Oklahoman was: "I don't thnk a egsatve
commttee woud contrbute one wht of ntegence to ths process."
|837|
The "aily Oklahoman and the Tulsa World, the state's two argest daes, whch
shoud have ed the pack n ferretng out the truth of ths terrbe tragedy, nstead
256
ed the oca meda chorus wth edtoras such as ths one n the "aily Oklahoman,
entted, "Drop It, Mr. Key."
The "aily Oklahoman has opposed Key's msson from the begnnng.. State Rep.
Chares Key's quest to prove that a government conspracy payed some roe n the
Murrah Budng bombng s a werd and msguded exercse.. Okahoma County
Dstrct Attorney Bob Macy s correct n appeang a court rung that aows Key a
free hand to seek a county grand |ury probe of hs conspracy theores..
|838|
The Tulsa World chmed n wth edtoras such as "Makng Tragedy Pay," whch
abeed Key as a "dedcated huster" peddng "goofy theores" to rghtwng-crank
audences." They aso accused the representatve of proft-makng from the sae of
hs bombng vdeos, whch barey pad for themseves. The fact that Key had
recenty ost hs nsurance busness due to hs treess efforts nvestgatng the
bombng, and was vng on hs $33,000-a-year saary to support a wfe and three
chdren n a sma, ramshacke house, was not mentoned by the yeow |ournasts
of the Tulsa World.
The "truth seekers" of the oca meda weren't fnshed ether. They eagery
focused on the efforts of Drew Edmondson, who accused Key of proposng a
"wastefu wtch hunt" and of engagng n "the worst knd of paranod conspracy
panderng." (See Appendx)
One artce reported how Edmondson had convnced the State Dstrct Attorney's
Counc to oppose Key's nvestgatve fundng b.
"Ths s unprecedented, as far as I know, for the Attorney Genera to go to such
engths wth the Dstrct Attorneys Counc and to use such ntemperate anguage,"
the soft-spoken Key tod The New American.
In fact, oca rado pos reveaed that an overwhemng ma|orty of Okahomans
supported Key's efforts. Whe the Tulsa World and the "aily Oklahoman went to
extremes to abe Key as a "conspracy nut," they never bothered mentonng that
tte fact.
|839|*
Naturay, the CIA-connected Washin%ton )ost woud have ther say, comparng the
"myth" of |ohn Doe 2 to the Loch Ness Monster.
Lead prosecutor |oseph Hartzer added hs voce to the ensembe, cang the eads
"whacky theores."
|840|
Key's grand |ury petton was quashed on November 6th, 1995 by Dstrct |udge
Dane Owens on the grounds that t woud be "re-nventng the whee."
|841|
Key appeaed. As hs attorney, Mark Sanford stated, "Legay |Owens| ddn't have
the rght to quash the petton. But because he's a |udge he has the power,
whether t's ega or not."
|842|
257
Bevery Pamer from Bob Macy's offce argued at the appeas hearng n defense of
Owens, camng that the petton was "nsuffcent on ts face," and the request
was dupctous of the federa grand |ury's efforts.
Yet, as Appeas |udge Ronad Stubbefed ponted out, nowhere dd |udge Owens
state why the petton was nsuffcent. In fact Stubbefed was hghy skeptca that
Owens had any facts to advse hm propery n hs decson. "I queston whether
|udge Owens has the dscreton" sad Stubbefed. "He's |ust operatng on what he
knows about the bombng. Do you thnk t's rght to make a |udgment based on
what he reads n the newspaper?"
|843|
The same coud be sad about DA Bob Macy. At the tme I ntervewed hm, he was
coectng nformaton on the case by readng Morrs Dees' ,atherin% Storm, and
The Turner "iaries. Ths was a year and-a-haf after the bombng - a bombng that
occurred rght outsde hs wndow. He ddn't know about |ohn Doe 2. He had no
dea about the Mdde Eastern connecton. He had done absoutey no
nvestgaton.
"I have not seen these thngs you are takng about rght now," Macy tod me.
"When I see the evdence. I haven't been presented wth the evdence." Macy
subsequenty camed he wanted me to work wth hs so-caed "task force" that
was "nvestgatng" the bombng, then never caed me back.
Hs atttude was adequatey refected by hs Assstant DA, Bevery Pamer. Vsby
nervous, Pamer grasped at straws durng the appeas hearng, argung that the
grand |ury shoudn't be convened because of the need for "|udca economy," and
that t contravened "pubc pocy concerns."
"What pocy concerns?" |udge Dane Boudreau asked.
|844|
In spte of the efforts of a group of good oe' boy potcans to sabotage |ustce,
|udge Stubbefed remaned frm: "The peope have the rght to crcuate a petton
f the peope fnd that thngs aren't gong the way they ought to be," he sad. "Is t
not the rght, by the sanctfed rght of the grand |ury n Okahoma, to nqure
whether a crme s commtted? Don't they have the rght to nvestgate peope who
they thnk are nvoved? Ths s a hghy protected rght."
The Appeas Court uphed Key's rght to petton for a County Grand |ury by a
unanmous vote.
|ust two months before the hearng Macy camed to ths author that he ntended to
prosecute McVegh and Nchos n a state tra on 161 counts of Frst Degree
Murder. "I don't ke takng a second seat to the |federa| prosecuton," Macy
stated. "The bombng ked 10 of my frends."
In a May 24, 1995 etter to Senator Orrn Hatch, one of the orgna drafters of the
Ant-Terrorsm B, Macy wrote:
258
Frst, mmedatey foowng the tra or tras n Federa Court, I sha, workng n
con|uncton wth the Unted Sates Department of |ustce and the federa aw-
enforcement agences nvestgatng the bombng of the Afred P. Murrah Budng,
prosecute the cowards responsbe for murderng nnocent peope n the area
surroundng the Federa Budng..
The State of Okahoma has an overwhemng, compeng nterest to seek and
obtan the maxmum penaty aowabe by aw for the senseess and cowardy
kngs. Not ony s t n the nterest of the State, t s my sworn duty to seek those
sanctons, and I ntend to fuy carry out my responsbtes..
Every day of deay represents a vctory for these cowardy cod-booded kers and
another day of defeat and sufferng for the vctms and a other Amercans who cry
out for |ustce.
|845|
Macy aso mpressed upon the author hs nterest n gettng at the truth: "I'm
prepared to do what ever t takes to get to the truth," Macy excamed. "My soe
ntent s n earnng the truth!"
Yet when asked f he ntended to conduct an nvestgaton ndependent of the
Feds', he sad, "We. I don't want to be a party to anythng that w nterfere wth
the Feds' prosecuton. ( "on1t want to o*en u* a new can of worms0.
|846|
After Macy ost the appeas hearng, he met wth Wburn and Key, expanng that
he actuay wshed to cooperate wth ther nvestgaton. Three days ater, the two
men dscovered that Macy had decded to contest the Appeas Court's decson.
When a furous Key confronted Macy, a that the courageous, truth-seekng DA
tod hm was, .They won1t let me0. When Key demanded to know who "they" were,
Macy |ust owered hs eyes to the foor and repeated, "They won't et me."
|847|
Key ater earned from a source at ABC News that Macy had receved a conference
ca from |anet Reno's deputy |ame Gorck, and the government's ead prosecutor,
|oseph Hartzer, aong wth Governor Keatng, Okahoma Cty Fre Chef Gary Marrs,
and |udge Dane Owens.
When the grand |ury was fnay mpaneed, federa prosecutors qucky attempted
to bock the testmony of federa empoyees.
Key aso accused |Chef Assstant DA Pat| Morgan and others n Okahoma County
Dstrct Attorney Bob Macy's offce of nfuencng and ntmdatng wtnesses. "I am
very upset about t," Key sad. "Everyone shoud be outraged because of ths."
|848|
Interestngy, durng a debate wth Representatve Key, Keatng stated, "Nobody
coud get away wth a cover-up; t woud not be toerated by cvzed Okahoma
Cty.. Nobody's afrad of the truth."
|849|
259
KFOR's |ayna Davs shed some ght on the "truth-seekng" efforts of Bob Macy and
the good oe' boy network of potcos from whch he descends. Two years earer,
after an 8-year-od boy was raped, both Davs and the Pubc Defender demanded
to know why Macy hadn't done anythng. When Macy thought the camera was off,
he whpped around and sterny admonshed the reporter: "Lady, I don't know who
you are or where you came from, but ths sn't how we do busness n
Okahoma!"
|850|
Representatve Key eventuay took the case to the Okahoma Supreme Court. In
hs opposng bref, Macy agan argued that t woud be "a waste of the taxpayers'
tme and money to convene an Okahoma County Grand |ury when one was
aready n sesson or when a Federa Grand |ury had aready heard a avaabe
evdence."
The Supreme Court dd not agree wth Macy. They unanmousy uphed Key's rght
to mpane the grand |ury, whch was seated n |une of '97, and s hearng evdence
as of ths wrtng.
Naturay, the Mnsters of Truth at The "aily Oklahoman wasted tte tme,
pumpng out more band edtora drve to muddy the waters. The foowng pece,
entted "Conspracy Theores," focuses on the fact that the County Grand |ury s
ony exacerbatng the "agony" of some vctms, who are apparenty more
concerned wth some fary tae noton of "cosure" then n earnng the truth:
Whatever the cause, the deay adds to the agony of those bombng vctms who
beeve the nvestgaton s a waste of tme.
The Oklahoman shares that beef, but we are optmstc the probe may satsfy
many who are suspcous about events before the bombng. Yet, we wonder f the
more conspratora-mnded w ever be satsfed..
Confctng conspracy theores and an oo of crcumstanta evdence abound here.
|urors n Denver sorted through testmony and found McVegh guty. Frustratng as
t may be to some, there s tte more to ths crme than meets the eye. The rest s
the stuff of fcton.
|851|
By the "aily Oklahoman1s account, the numerous credbe wtnesses who saw
Tmothy McVegh wth other suspects on the mornng of the crme adds up to tte
more than "crcumstanta evdence," whe what prosecutors presented at tra -
McVegh's phone cas to chemca companes, hs potca vews, and the
competey rreevant emotona taes from bombng vctms - are not.
|852|*
Gven the oca meda's connectons to the potca good 'oe boy network va the
Washngton-connected Frank Keatng, ther poston s hardy surprsng. Famed
Watergate |ournast Car Bernsten put some perspectve on the matter when he
reveaed n a 1977 Rollin% Stone artce that over 400 U.S. |ournasts were
empoyed by the CIA.
260
These ranged from freeancers who were pad for reguar debrefngs, to actua CIA
offcers who worked under deep cover. Neary every ma|or U.S. news organzaton
has had spooks on the payro, usuay wth the cooperaton of top management.
The three most vauabe assets the CIA coud count on were Wam Paey's CBS,
Arthur Suzberger's New 'ork Times and Henry Luce's TimeF3ife empre. A three
bent over backwards promotng the pcture of Oswad as a one nut n the |FK
assassnaton.
|853|
The potca good 'oe boy network wasn't fnshed tryng to stop the courageous
efforts of Representatve Key. On May 7, 1997, Edmondson subpoenaed Key before
a mut-county grand |ury, aegng that he voated procedures n rasng money for
the bombng nvestgaton. The "aily Oklahoman proudy procamed how t had
payed a crtca roe n brngng about the nvestgaton of Key:
The Attorney Genera's acton s a resut of an nqury by The Oklahoman about
Key's seven-page soctaton etter on the Internet. The etter asks for money to
"secure copes of the voumnous (federa) government documents and to pay
ndependent nvestgators" and other expenses for the county grand |ury
nvestgaton....
B Graves, an attorney who represented Key at the grand |ury nquest, stated:
"The aw s pretty cear that you are not requred to regster before you ht the ten
thousand doar threshod, and Chares |Key| had not ht that mt so was not
requred to regster. Edmondson knows that. They're |ust tryng to sow Chares
down or stop hm through harassment."
|854|
"Ths s a about stoppng us and makng us shut up, sad Key. "If I woud |ust qut
the grand |ury dea, ths woud a go away."
|855|
Says V.Z Lawton, a HUD worker who survved the bombng, "You don't have to be
that brght or ook that hard to see the fraud and hypocrsy n these charges. For
over a year and a haf, they've been dong everythng magnabe and empoyng
the most absurd arguments to prevent Chares from mpaneng a grand |ury to
nvestgate one of the worst crmes n our country's hstory. Now, after he's
overcome a of ther ega chaenges n the courts and s cose to gettng a county
grand |ury nvestgaton gong, they drag hm before a mut-county grand |ury for
what amounts to |aywakng, whe the bombng and other genune, serous crmes
go unnvestgated."
|856|
Lawton aso brought to the attenton of bombng nvestgators a February 5th, fax
transmsson to federa empoyees on the offca etterhead of Attorney Genera
Drew Edmondson. The etter sought sgnatures from survvors to go wth etters
that were to be sent to varous news organzatons. The cover sheet sad t came
from Rchard M. Wntory, Chef Deputy Attorney Genera of the Crmna Dvson.
261
The etter, entted, "A Pea to the Meda from Okahoma Cty: Don't O.|. Us!!!"
purports to be a spontaneous response from vctms askng the meda not to
"manpuate" and "expot" them "for no purpose other than to enhance ther
ratngs on the ar and n pubcatons."
|857|
Ths obvous propaganda counteroffensve was n response to ABC 20/20's |anuary,
1996 show about pror knowedge. It referred to the "so-caed report" by ABC as
"tabod |ournasm" fed wth "unsubstantated and baseess cams that have
been repeatedy debunked."
"We are appaed at the ack of nterest n the truth and the underhanded method
utzed by 20/20" stated the etter, whch camed that ABC had wrongfuy mped
that certan vctms agreed wth the "paranod deuson" of the "rdcuous theory of
government conspracy n ths crme." It added that "reporters are sometme
tempted to forget the truth." Utmatey, t stated, "It s PEOPLE that matter n ths
fe, ether money nor possesson nor a Putzer Prze."
|858|
Ths cassc PSYOP pece aunched by Edmondson (whch he angry dened n a
etter to the author) was sgned, "Many Survvors and Famy Members, Okahoma
Cty Bombng."
Lawton and HUD empoyee |ane Graham were two survvors who angry
denounced the etter for the sham that t was. "Snce the communcaton was
oaded wth es and haf truths, I certany coud not sgn t," sad Lawton, "and I
fet ke a state Attorney Genera coud better spend hs tme supportng an effort
to fnd the truth rather than ths transparent effort at hepng to hde t."
"I am angry," stated Graham n a typed response to the etter, "that the Attorney
Genera's offce woud pay on the emotons of ths offce at HUD under the guse of
keepng us posted on how they are proceedng and pannng the case, causng
further emotona turmo n ths offce between empoyees."
|859|
Durng a |une 13, 1997 teevson ntervew, Edmondson was asked why those
wtnesses who saw McVegh wth other suspects were never caed to testfy at
McVegh's tra. Edmondson reped that prosecutors usuay don't present
wtnesses whose testmony sn't "credbe" or confcts wth other wtnesses.
Rodney |ohnson, who saw McVegh wth another man n front of the Murrah
Budng moments before t expoded, caed Edmondson's statement "msguded."
"I took those comments to be rather persona," sad |ohnson.
|860|
Edmondson's blatant attempt at coercng the vctms to pander to the offca
government ne s smar to a etter from a group of vctms suggestng passage of
the Ant-Terrorsm B. The recpents were urged to ca Edmondson f they were
nterested n partcpatng.
262
Of course, whe Edmondson accused ABC 20/20 of "manpuatng" and "expotng"
the bombng vctms, t s obvous that Edmondson hmsef hasn't done anythin% to
manpuate or expot anyone.
|861|
Interestngy, severa months after the scandaous smear campagn aganst
Representatve Key, Governor Keatng was accused by the Okahoma Ethcs
Commsson of 32 voatons of usng state-owned vehces for potca fund-rasng,
ncudng the state's $2.9 mon arpane. Convenenty forgettng hs own
shamefu and dshonest smear attacks aganst Representatve Key, Keatng
sanctmonousy whned about how the aegatons were "rresponsbe, sy and
competey un|ustfed." No doubt the Ethcs Commsson was "off the reservaton,"
and "bayng at the moon."
In spte of hs unsuccessfu attempts to smear honest men ke Representatve Key,
Keatng and hs crooked potca crones wasted no tme n dscredtng Edye
Smth, cang her aegatons "hysterca." Smth was the mother of two young boys
who pershed n the bombng - Chase and Coton. Smth mmedatey ganed the
attenton of concerned ctzens a across Amerca. Hundreds of thousands of
etters and checks began pourng n, and reef agences used Chase's photo on a
poster memorazng the dsaster.
On May 23, the day the Federa Budng was demoshed, Edye Smth, n a ve
ntervew on CNN, stated, "There's a ot of questons that have been eft un-
answered. We're beng tod to keep our mouths shut, not to tak about t, don't ask
those questons..."
|862|
CNN's Gary Truchmann asked Smth to descrbe the nature of the questons: "We,
aong wth hundreds of thousands of other peope want to know, where was the
ATF the mornng of Apr 19th? A of ther empoyees survved. They were
supposed to be the target of ths exposon and where were they.? Dd they have
a warnng sgn? I mean, dd they thnk t mght be a bad day to go n the offce?
|863|
"They had an opton to not go to work that day," Smth contnued, "and my kds
ddn't get that opton, nobody ese n the budng got that opton. And we're |ust
askng questons, we're not makng accusatons. We |ust want to know why and
they're teng us, 'Keep your mouth shut, don't tak about t.'"
|864|
Truchmann qucky ended the ntervew.
Kathy Wburn was the Grandmother of Chase and Coton. Wburn was among the
frst to arrve at the scene of the bombng, and she and Smth, who both worked at
the nearby I.R.S. offce, had wtnessed the carnage frst-hand. Now, as she
watched the budng come down, an eere sence fed her sou. Later that
afternoon, Kathy Wburn waked nto the empty room where the tte boys had
ved, pcked up ther stuffed anmas, and began to cry.
263
Wburn's husband Genn had been a voca opponent of the government's
nvestgaton, and ther expanaton of the bombng dd not st we wth hm. The
Grandfather fet the oss of the two boys keeny. Wburn had taken t on hs own to
nvestgate the bombng, and the facts he was comng up wth dd not make hm
happy.
On the afternoon the budng was demoshed, Wburn receved a ca from U.S.
Attorney Patrck Ryan. Ryan wanted to meet wth hm and speak wth the famy.
"They wanted to set our mnds at ease our mnds that there wasn't anythng
snster gong on," sad Wburn.
Two days ater Smth and Wburn were vsted by an entourage of federa agents
ncudng Ryan, ATF Agents Chrs Cuyer and Luke Franey, an IRS Crmna
nvestgator, and a member of Lous |oyon West's vctm's assstance team.
"They a came n and sat down and sad 'We want to answer your questons and
make you fee good.' I sad 'fne.' Then I ooked them rght n the eye and sad, 'You
guys had no ndcaton that Apr 19th coud be a dangerous day down there?' They
both answered, 'no sr.'"
"We, two hours ater I tuned on the TV, and CNN s ntervewng ATF Drector |ohn
Magaw. The ntervew starts out, "Mr. Magaw, based on the sgnfcance of Apr
19th, dd you take any precautons?'"
"Ceary there was an nterest a over the country to do that," reped Magaw. "And
I was very concerned about that. We dd some thngs here n headquarters and n
a of our fed offces throughout the country to try to be more observant.."
"We, f there was ever a pont that I was hooked nto ths thng, and there was
nothng that was gonna' stop me," recas Wburn, "that was t. because by God,
somebody ed that mornng."
Ryan's concatory meetng wth the famy dd not ast ong. The federa
prosecutor became nervous after Wburn casuay mentoned that he had taked to
a famy awyer. Ryan qucky got up and eft.
Whe Edye Smth was quoted as sayng that she was "satsfed" the agents had
expaned ther whereabouts, she ater tod me, "I beeve they sat ther and ed to
us."
Unmarked cars soon began showng up at Genn Wburn's house. When Wburn
went out to confront them, they sped off.
|865|
Two months ater, Edye Smth and Kathy Wburn had ther Workers' Compensaton
checks cut off. Out of 462 federa empoyees affected by the bast, they were the
ony two empoyees who were mysterousy "dened."
264
Moreover, out of thousands of checks sent to Smth through the Red Cross, none
were ever receved. A the etters had been opened, the checks mssng, ncudng
some sent va the Governor's and Mayor's offce. "A the ma that the Red Cross
devered to my house, probaby thousands of peces of ma, every snge pece
was opened before I got t. And t a had my name on t," sad Smth.
"We started notcng that the ma that came to the house had money n t," sad
Kathy Wburn, "but the ma|orty of the ma that came to us through the Red
Cross. t was a opened and there was never a thn dme n any of t."
When Smth caed the Red Cross to compan, she was tod that her ma wasn't
beng opened, and that no money was beng taken. When Wburn confronted the
head of the oca Red Cross, she was tod that ther etters were beng opened to
check for "hate ma." Wburn tod her that the expanaton was "rdcuous."
"A mother sent me a tte card that her tte boy drew." sad Smth, "She sad 'my
tte boy saved ths three doars and wanted you to have t.' And the three doars
was gone."
|866|
Keatng's answer to the mssng funds? Internng coege students were responsbe
for the thefts. Perhaps former G-Man Keatng was tranng the young ads for
upcomng counter-ntegence operatons. Such woud not be unusua tactcs for a
man who worked as an FBI agent durng COINTELPRO (the FBI's Counter
Integence Program of the ate-60s to md 70s), where he personay nftrated
ant-government actvsts ke the Weathermen, the Back Panthers, and the SDS
(Students For A Democratc Socety), and stated he sees tte dfference between
them and the mtas.
|867||868|
Keatng aso served as Assstant Attorney Genera under Edwn Meese. Meese was
Attorney Genera durng the 1985 fre-bombng of MOVE headquarters. MOVE was
a group of back housng actvsts vng n a squatted budng n Phadepha. The
satche charge, dropped from a hecopter by Phadepha's fnest (wth a tte hep
from the FBI), resuted n the deaths of over 11 peope, ncudng fve chdren, and
destroyed numerous square bocks of the cty.
Instead of aunchng a proper nvestgaton nto the matter, Meese's response was
"consder t an evcton notce."
Meese woud ater be mpcated n the October Surprse scanda, whch propeed
Ronad Reagan nto the Whte House va a secret dea to reease the hostages n
Iran after the defeat of |mmy Carter. As hs reward, Meese was apponted Attorney
Genera, where he woud go on to commt then cover up other crmes, the two
most notorous beng Iran-Contra and the Insaw affar.
But Keatng's nvovement wth the scons of truth and |ustce doesn't end there.
Keatng served n the Bush admnstraton as Assstant Treasury Secretary durng
the Iran-Contra nvestgatons. Gene Wheaton, a former Tusa poce offcer and
265
Army CID nvestgator who worked for the Chrstc Insttute, observes that t was
George Bush who personay seected Keatng as Assstant Treasury Secretary n
1985, where he supervsed INTERPOL, the Customs Servce, The Secret Servce,
and the ATF.
|869|
As Wheaton wrtes:
The word n Tusa s that Bush s hs "potca godfather;" that Keatng got hs |ob n
the Treasury Department through Bush's good offces and that Bush "oves
Keatng." The connecton appears to be an od-boy connecton through the
Southern Hs Country Cub n Tusa, Okahoma.
|870|
"In hs poston, Keatng coud contro both the nvestgatve and prosecutora sde
of any scanda that came hs way," adds )ortland Free )ress pubsher Ace Hayes.
"1985-88 had guns, drugs, and ega money movng a over the gobe. Was the
ATF, who coudn't fnd t's ass wth both hands, as reay as ncompetent as t
appeared, or was Frank Keatng there to make sure they dd not?"
|871|
In fact, t was whe Keatng was servng as Assstant Treasury Secretary that IRS
nvestgator B Duncan - who was nvestgatng Iran-Contra drug-runnng
actvtes at Mena - was nstructed to per|ure hmsef. As Duncan stated n a
deposton before a |ont Congressona/Arkansas Attorney Genera nvestgatve
commttee:
2,ncan: In ate December of 1987, I was contacted by |the| Chef Counse for the
House |udcary Subcommttee on Crme. who tod me that they were ookng nto
the reason why no one was ndcted n connecton wth the Mena nvestgatons.
The Interna Revenue Servce assgned to me dscosure tgaton attorneys, whch
gave me nstructons whch woud have caused me to wthhod nformaton from
Congress durng my testmony and to aso per|ure mysef.
Committee: And how dd you respond to the Treasury Department?
2,ncan: We, I exhbted to them that I was gong to te the truth n my
testmony. And the per|ury, subornaton of per|ury resuted n an - resuted
because of an aegaton that I had receved, that Attorney Genera Edwn Meese
receved a severa hundred thousand doar brbe from Barry Sea drecty. And
they tod me to te the Subcommttee on Crme that I had no nformaton about
that.
|872|
Arkansas State Poce nvestgator Russe Wech, who provded the nformaton to
Duncan, was subsequenty posoned. Two months ater, Keatng was apponted as
Assocate Attorney Genera.
|873|
It seems that Frank Keatng has served as a pont-man, weavng a twsted tra
through some of Amerca's most notorous crmes, ncudng Iran-Contra, BCCI,
Iraqgate, the S&L crss, and. Okahoma Cty.
266
Keatng has aways been at the nexus brdgng the agendas of good oe' boys ke
George Bush, wth ther etst agendas, and the subsequent covert-operatons sub-
cutures whch they spawned. In an artce n the )ortland Free )ress entted
"Another Bush Boy," Wheaton wrtes:
The covert-operatons "unatc frnge" n Washngton, whch took over key
operatons at the natona securty eve, |and| st contros them today, was Bush's
1981 agenda, and Keatng s the next generaton to carry t on.
|874|*
It was ony three months after Keatng's nauguraton as Governor that the
bombng of the Afred P. Murrah Budng occurred. Gven hs background and
groomng, Keatng was n a perfect poston to drect "damage contro." As
Wheaton notes:
Keatng s an a perfect poston to contro the drecton and scope of any state
nvestgaton whch mght not correspond to the offca federa nqury.
It appeares Keatng dd |ust that. As Governor, Keatng was n a poston to hat the
hurred demoton of the Murrah budng, ordered by federa authortes under the
guse of "safety." Bob Rcks, the FBI PR fack who spoon-fed a day dose of es to
the press durng the Waco sege, was apponted Okahoma Drector of Pubc
Safety by Keatng after the demoton. Keatng and Rcks were good frends from
coege.
The demoton was ordered under the pseudo-psychoogca premse of provdng
"cosure" to the festerng wound hangng over the cty. The demoton aso
effectvey prevented any ndependent forensc nvestgaton of the bomb ste.
|875|
Sad a vctm whose spouse was ked n the exposon, "I was upset rght from the
start when there was the bg rush to destroy the crme scene, to take the budng
down. A ot of mportant evdence was destroyed that coud have heped sove
ths."
|876|
The feds' decson to destroy cruca forensc evdence has an eere parae to the
demoton of Mt. Carme. The destructon of the Branch Davdan church prevented
ndependent examners from determnng that the ATF had fred nto the roofs of
the budng durng the eary part of the rad, and that FBI snpers had deberatey
shot peope tryng to escape.
The destructon of the Murrah Budng s aso akn to the Secret Servce's hasty (or
carefuy panned) decson to egay remove Presdent Kennedy's body from
Parkand Memora Hospta. Once under contro of mtary offcas, ncudng
Generas who were undoubtedy nvoved n the assassnaton pot, Kennedy's
autopsy coud proceed under carefuy controed parameters. Whe observng the
autopsy, these mtary offcas prevented a thorough examnaton of the body,
whch woud have reveaed the presence of mutpe entry wounds. Back n Daas,
Secret Servce agents carefuy washed Kennedy's mousne to remove a traces
267
of buet fragments, and had Governor Connoy's cothes, buet hoes and a,
ceaned and pressed.
Sad |anne Coverdae, who ost her grandsons Aaron and E|ah n the bombng,
"Everyone I tak to has the same questons: What happened? What s gong on? We
don't want ths to be another |ohn F. Kennedy dea, where 32 years ater the rea
story s st unknown."
The %ederal B,rea, of ;ntimidation
.There is no *lace on earth where you will +e safe from the most *owerful forces of
>ustice0. - F$( director 3ouis Freeh.
In a moton fed by Stephen |ones, affdavts show that numerous wtnesses were
nstructed by the FBI to "keep quet" so the facts of the case "woudn't get
dstorted." Ths aura of secrecy qucky turned nto obstructon of |ustce, as FBI
agents routney nstructed wtnesses not to tak to defense team nvestgators or
|ournasts.
When defense nvestgator Marty Reed attempted to ntervew Okahoma Hghway
Patroman Chare Hanger (the patroman who had arrested McVegh), he was tod
by OHP chef ega counse |ohn Lndsey, "The FBI has requested that no one
ntervew Trooper Chare Hanger."
Mtche Whtmre, who knew McVegh when they were both n the Army, was
contacted by defense nvestgator Ne Hartey. Whtmre tod Hartey he was
nstructed by the FBI not to tak to anyone about the case uness he obtaned
permsson from the FBI.
|877|
When ths author tred to ntervew two members of the Sherff's Bomb Squad, they
became vsby nervous. They camed no other bombs were pued out of the
budng, ceary contradctng news accounts showng addtona bombs that were
taken away and detonated.
As dscussed prevousy, FBI agents put up a protectve permeter around Edon
Eott, preventng hm from takng to |ournasts and defense nvestgators.
KFOR-TV, who took the ead n nvestgatng the case, found t amost mpossbe to
ntervew wtnesses. "We get there and a of a sudden they've been tod to shut
up," sad Messa Knzng, KFOR's former News Drector.
|878|
A Tusa fre captan tod nvestgator Crag Roberts he saw machnegun-totng
back-cad agents wth no markngs removng boxes of fes from the Post Offce
ten days after the bombng. When he was subsequenty ntervewed by ths author,
he dened seeng anythng.
268
Ann Domn, who orgnay tod a Tusa poce offcer she had seen two Mdde
Eastern maes oterng near the front of the Murrah Budng |ust before the bast,
ater dened sayng that.
|879|
Accordng to a conversaton |on Rappaport had wth "aily Oklahoman reporter Ann
Defrange, wtness Peter Schaffer tod Defrange he had seen the Murrah Budng
coapse n on tsef, suggestng that cuttng charges were used. When Rappaport
questoned Schaffer, he dened seeng the budng fang down at a. When
Rappaport got back to Defrange, she remaned adamant about what Schaffer tod
her. "She ddn't budge at a," sad Rappaport.
|880|
"The FBI must have gotten to hm," sad Hedeberg. "You know, the FBI has been
abe to get wtnesses to shut up about mportant thngs they know. We've taked to
some of these peope. In certan nstances the wtnesses beeve that conceang
evdence s the rght thng to do. They reay beeve t. The FBI has sod them a b
of goods about natona securty or somethng ke that. In other cases the FBI has
used straght-out ntmdaton on wtnesses. They sze up peope. On one wtness
they' use somethng ke natona securty. On another, they' go for
ntmdaton."
|881|
Hedeberg's own brush wth the government ddn't end wth hs dsmssa from the
grand |ury. Severa mnutes after agreeng to do an ntervew wth |ayna Davs, he
receved a ca from U.S. Attorney |oseph Hartzer teng hm that a reporter was
on her way and that he was not to tak to her, or he woud be arrested. Obvousy,
Hedeberg's phone was tapped.
|882|
"They tred everythng to shut me up," sad Hedeberg. "They have sad they were
gong to throw me n |a. When that ddn't work, they got down on ther hands and
knees and begged. I mean. they have tred everythng to keep me from takng to
the press about ths."
On |uy 19, FBI agents |on Hersey and Wam Teater appeared at Hedeberg's
home, |ust hours after |udge Russe caed hm and dscovered that he had taken
hs grand |ury notes home. Apparenty Teater wasn't too peased wth Hedeberg's
casua atttude. At one pont, he pued back hs |acket, reveang hs gun, whch he
had conspcuousy stuck n hs wast bet.
"They were tryng to mpress upon me the serousness of. they were tryng to
gve me the message that ths s bg tme, that ths s heavy weght," sad
Hedeberg, "and I was supposed to be frghtened. Guns mean busness. I was
supposed to behave and be a good boy and not gve them any troube. The
mpcaton was that they were gonna' shoot me, but I knew better than that,"
Hedeberg sad.
|883|*
Hedeberg doesn't fee he w serve any |a tme for hs actons. "They don't want
me exonerated or ndcted," sad Hedeberg. "They want me twstng n the
wnd."
|884|
269
In February of '97, ABC panned a foow-up to ther 20/20 "Pror Knowedge" pece,
whch ncuded an ntervew wth ATF nformant Caro Howe. Hours before the pece
was to ar on "Word News Tonght," t was ked.
Accordng to ABC producer Roger Chares: "They were uncomfortabe wth t after a
seres of phone cas from hgh-eve |ustce Department and ATF peope, sayng
that we, yes, the story s rght, but you're gong to draw the wrong concusons
uness we can expan t." Accordng to an ntervew wth ABC conducted by
McVegh's defense team, the conversaton went somethng ke ths:
<,stice 2ept: "We have to admt now Strassmer has been nvestgated."
/BC: "But you have dened over and over that he was ever the sub|ect of an
nvestgaton."
<,stice 2ept: "We, we're undenyng that now. He has been nvestgated, but we
coud not nvove hm specfcay n the bombng of the budng.. |Regardng
Howe's reports of others nvoved, we| "coud not fnd anyone who bought
fertzer, coud not fnd anyone who rented a truck, so therefore we coud not
charge them wth anythng. |Besdes|, we're not sure the nformaton was
credbe."
/BC: "But dd you or dd you not send her back out?"
<,stice 2ept: "Yes, she was sent back out."
/BC: "We, what n the he does that mean?"
<,stice 2ept: "She dd go back out, but she was unabe to deveop any evdence
that these peope had partcpated, |athough| essentay your nformaton s
correct."
ABC then sad the |ustce Department press spokesman attempted to downpay the
credbty of Howe by statng that the government hears these types of statements
a the tme from "Whte Supremacst compounds."
/BC: "Yeah, but there's one dfference here."
<,stice 2ept: "What s that?"
/BC: "The God damn budng bew up, that's what."
|885|
Not ony woud Howe's testmony have had unfortunate consequences for
authortes, t woud not have |ved wth the FBI's fantasy of the "one nut" bomber.
It seemed authortes were repayng the same scenaro they had payed out 28
years before. In the |FK nvestgaton, the FBI focused on the "one nut" scenaro
too. Wtnesses who dd not support the FBI's case aganst Oswad as one
270
partcpant were ntmdated, debunked or msquoted n reports. Most who saw
shooters other than the one on the 6th foor of the Book Depostory were never
subpoenaed to testfy.
In 1963, |ua Ann Mercer tod the FBI and the Daas Poce that she saw a man
carry a rfe case up to the Grassy Kno |ust before the shootng. The FBI took her
statement. Later, when she was ntervewed by Dstrct Attorney |m Garrson and
shown the statements she had gven the Bureau, she began shakng her head.
"These a have been atered, she sad. "They have me sayng |ust the opposte of
what I reay tod them."
In the Okahoma Cty case, wtnesses whose statements ddn't ft the government's
offca tmene and scenaro were ether gnored atogether, or ntmdated nto
changng their stores.
|886|
Chery Wood, an empoyee at Love's convenence store, who saw McVegh and
|ohn Doe 2 on Apr 17, tod FBI agents ther securty camera had captured mages
of the two men. The FBI ddn't take the tapes and ddn't want to use Wood's story.
"They tred to convnce Wood that she was crazy - that she hadn't reay seen
them," sad a Newsweek reporter who ntervewed Wood. "They ratted her rea
good." When the store manager decded to take the vdeo home hmsef, the FBI
changed ther mnds, and confscated the tape.
McVegh and hs frends aso stopped at another convenence store about 45
mnutes from Love's. As a Newsweek reporter who ntervewed the empoyees tod
me, the FBI ddn't use the statements of those wtnesses ether, because t ddn't
ft the FBI's "offca" tmene.
|887|
Mke Moroz, the |ohnny's Tre Shop empoyee who gave McVegh and |ohn Doe 2
drectons to the Murrah budng on the mornng of the bast, was ntervewed by
the FBI severa tmes. On the ast ntervew they tod hm that he had seen
McVegh drve n a dfferent drecton than he had orgnay stated. The FBI then
camed to the press that Moroz had made a mstake and was confused.
Danny Wkerson, the Regency Towers empoyee who sod McVegh two softdrnks
and a pack of cgarettes 10 mnutes before the bombng, cams FBI agents tred
very hard to get hm to change hs story. Wkerson saw McVegh and another man
n an oder, shorter Ryder truck wth a cab overhang. FBI agents showed Wkerson
a cataog of dfferent Ryder modes, tryng to coerce hm nto statng that the truck
he saw was bgger and newer than the one actuay seen. Wkerson refused to
change hs story.
As prevousy dscussed, Catna Lawson knew McVegh when he was statoned n
Kansas, and saw hm at partes wth Andreas Strassmer and Mchae Bresca.
When Lawson saw the artst's sketch of |ohn Doe 2, she sad, "That's Mke
|Bresca|. Lawson repeatedy caed the FBI to te them t was Bresca, but they
ddn't want to sten, and stopped returnng her cas.
271
"I kept teng them that the man n the ||ohn Doe 2| sketch was that Mke guy, a
nce-ookng guy, dark-sknned. But the FBI made me fee guty, then gnorant, as
f I ddn't know what I was sayng. Then, ater, I tred to ca n wth more
nformaton and they woudn't even tak to me."
Debra Burdck had seen the yeow Mercury, the brown pck-up, and the bue
Chevy Cavaer at 10th and Robnson on the mornng of the bast. Burdck caed
the FBI and the OSBI, and "they bew me off. They sad they ddn't have tme to get
over there.. they tod me, 'you ddn't see anythng.' And that's when I thought I
was gong crazy.."
|888|
|ane Graham, aong wth three other women, had seen a tro of suspcous-ookng
men n the Murrah Budng's underground garage the Frday before the bombng.
The men were workng wth wre and a sma, putty-coored bock whch appeared
to be C-4 pastc exposve.
FBI Agent |oe Schwecke made two appontments to ntervew Graham, but kept
nether of them. "He never showed up," sad Graham. "I agan caed and set up
another appontment for the foowng week and that was never kept."
When Schwecke fnay spoke to her, he "ony wanted to know f I coud dentfy
McVegh or Nchos. Apparenty the FBI was not nterested n any tme other than
the Monday or Tuesday - the week of the bombng!" excamed Graham, ".and
ony f the responses ponted drecty to McVegh!"
|889|
The manager of the Great Western Inn n |uncton Cty was certan the Mdde
Eastern man who had stayed n room 107 on Apr 17 was a dead rnger for |ohn
Doe 2. Yet the FBI tred to dscredt hm, sayng that the nqury there had been a
waste of tme. If that s true, why dd the FBI confscate the hote's regster?
|890|
Barbara Whttenberg at the Sante Fe Tra Dner tod B |asper the FBI tred to get
her to change her story.
|891|
|eff Davs, who devered Chnese food to a man n room 25 at the Dreamand
Mote, had been ntervewed numerous tmes by the FBI. They appeared nterested
n tryng to get Davs to say that McVegh was the man he saw.
Durng tra, prosecutor Larry Mackey attacked Davs' credbty, notng that two
days after the bombng, he tod FBI agents that the man was a whte mae, 28 or
29, about 6 feet ta, about 180 pounds wth short, sandy har, cean-cut wth no
mustache.
|892|
Yet Davs orgnay tod the FBI, "The man to whom I devered that bag of Chnese
food s not Tm McVegh."
|893|
St, Mackey tred to shake Davs' confdence n hs memory, suggestng that Davs
had tod a bartender and an ABC sketch artst that he saw McVegh.
272
Mac$ey: "You deny that?"
2ais: "Yes, sr, I do,"
In fact, the person Davs saw had "unkempt" har, a regona accent, possby from
Okahoma, Kansas or Mssour, and an overbte. McVegh possesses none of those
characterstcs.
|894|
"I was frustrated qute a bt because they |ust ddn't seem to want to say 'Okay,
there's somebody we may not have.' A ot of t seemed 'Damn! I |ust wsh he'd say
t was McVegh so we coud be done wth t.'"
|895|
Davs tod The "ener )ost that the FBI never even bothered makng a composte
sketch of the man he saw. A TV network fnay hred an artst to do one.
Dana Bradey had seen ony one man - ove-sknned, dark-hared, wearng |eans,
|acket, and baseba cap - get out of the passenger sde of the Ryder truck n front
of the Federa Budng moments before t bew up. Yet when she testfed for the
defense durng McVegh's tra, she swtched tracks, sayng she saw two suspects.
What s nterestng s that n numerous ntervews wth the meda, prosecutors, and
the defense team, Bradey adamanty mantaned that she had seen ony one
suspect - |ohn Doe 2. |ust weeks before her testmony, Bradey agan tod U.S.
Attorney Patrck Ryan and defense attorney Chery Ramsey she was certan the
man she saw wasn't Tmothy McVegh.
Yet shorty after the start of McVegh's tra - after meetng wth federa
prosecutors - Bradey suddeny "changed her mnd."
It seemed that FBI agents were convenenty watng at the arport to ntercept
some of McVegh's defense wtnesses, who woud then be "persuaded" to change
ther testmony.
|896|
Under cross-examnaton by Ryan, Bradey - who had mantaned a rock-sod
story of |ohn Doe 2 snce the day of the bombng - now camed she saw a second
man. Yet durng tra she was nervous and faterng, her testmony waverng
constanty. At one pont, she covered her face wth her hands and quety sad, "I
want to tak to my awyer."
Ryan eventuay got Bradey to say she wasn't sure whether the second suspect
was McVegh, but that there was "nothng dfferent" between McVegh's features
and those of the second man.
In addton, Bradey tod the |ury she thought the truck was parked aganst the fow
of traffc on the one-way street - a udcrous proposton, but convenent for a
government ntent on convncng a |ury that Bradey saw the suspect - who was
not |ohn Doe 2, but possby McVegh - get out of the drver's sde.
|897|
273
Gary Lews, the Journal Record pressman who was amost run over by McVegh and
two of hs assocates n the yeow Mercury shorty before the bast, suddeny
dened seeng them at a! |ust before he was subpoenaed to testfy before the
county grand |ury, Lews tod reporters, "What I seen wasn't a fact, t wasn't true."
Camng the FBI had "ceared up hs confuson" more than a year ago, Lews sad
the FBI showed hm a photograph of McVegh's dstnctve battered yeow Mercury,
and convnced hm t wasn't the same car he spotted on Apr 19. "It was rea
smar to t," Lews sad. "It was rea cose but t wasn't t."
Lews then camed hs eyewtness account, whch had aready been pubshed n
strkng deta, had been exaggerated by Representatve Key and Genn Wburn. "I
don't care for |Wburn| or Chares Key," Lews tod The "aily Oklahoman. "They
knd of pushed t aong for reasons I don't know why. That s about a I have got to
say."
|898|
Ths was qute a change from the nervous wtness who checked the undersde of
hs car every mornng for bombs, afrad he was targeted for assassnaton by ether
bombng suspects or the feds.
|899|
As prevousy mentoned, Dr. Pau Heath, the VA psychoogst, had spoken to
McVegh and two of hs assocates at hs offce severa weeks before the bast,
when they approached hm ookng for "|obs."
Heath was ntervewed by the FBI no ess than ten tmes. On the ast vst, "He (the
FBI agent) confronted me sayng he dd not want me teng the story any onger.
He sad t was a fase story, that I had made t up, that t was a fgment of my
magnaton, and that f I pursued t, he woud pubcy dscredt me.
"I sad to hm, 'that s the most despcabe, uncaed for atttude that I've ever
seen, and I don't know why you sad that to me, but I can te you, you're not gong
to change my reaty wth t.'"
|900|
Heath, aready upset by what he wtnessed the day of the bombng, s now
uncertan what w happen to hm.
|901|
Lea Moore, a woman who was bady n|ured n the bast, was contacted by a
reporter from the 30A0 Times. Whe he was enroute to ntervew her, she receved a
mysterous phone ca teng her not to tak to hm. Moore, a dmnutve woman n
her fftes, was frghtened. When the reporter showed up at her door ffteen
mnutes ater, Moore ddn't answer.
Meba, the Abertson's worker who made sandwches for McVegh and |ohn Doe 2,
was hoste and frghtened when questoned by ths reporter - too scared to tak.
Conne Hood, who saw |ohn Doe 2 at the Dreamand Mote shorty after mdnght
on Apr 16, then agan the next mornng, was ntervewed numerous tmes by the
274
FBI. They even went so far as to admnster severa poygraph tests. Hood tod the
agents exacty what she saw. On the ast test, the FBI agent "turned around and
got n her face," recaed her frend Davd Keen, "and sad, 'You've never seen |ohn
Doe! He never exsted!'"
The experence of Hood and Keen s remnscent of the nterrogaton of |FK
wtnesses n Daas on November 22, when FBI agents pontedy tod them they dd
not see any shooters on the Grassy Kno.
"Ths bg od dude (FBI agent) rght out tod me, 'You dd not see that!'" recaed
Hood. "It got to the pont where I was sayng, 'Excuse me, excuse me, there was
someone n that room next to us. I know for a fact there was someone n that room
next to us. I dd not magne someone comng out of that frckng room!'"
Hood s sure of what she saw, and s furous about the games the FBI payed wth
her. "I'm angry," sad Hood. "It made my bood bo."
|902|
TW/ ?@@ !idebar
The experences of these wtnesses paraes those who saw a msse rse out of
the water to shoot down TWA fght 800 on |uy 17, 1996, kng a 230 peope on
board. Over 154 wtnesses on Long Isand, who wtnessed the attack, descrbed
what appeared to be a msse - a gowng ob|ect that mpacted wth the pane.
These accounts were backed up by FAA (Federa Avaton Admnstraton) radar
records, whch showed an undentfed ob|ect (a "bp" that was not "squawkng" a
transponder code) move rapdy towards, then merge wth, the arge |umbo-|et.
|903|
Yet ke the sesmc records, and the vdeo surveance footage whch woud have
shown the Murrah Budng beng bown up, these radar tapes woud be confscated
by the FBI.
Naturay, the government ed about the crash. The Natona Transportaton Safety
board (NTSB) camed that the most probabe cause was a "spark" n the center
fue tank due to "statc eectrcty." Ths s rdcuous even to the unntated. Sad
Mchae Barr, drector of avaton safety programs at USC, "Arpanes don't bow up
|ust ke that. I've been foowng 747s snce 1970 and I've never seen one bow up
ke that."
|904|
One wtness, Lou Desyron, tod ABC Word News Sunday: "We saw what appeared
to be a fare gong straght up. As a matter of fact, we thought t was from a boat.
It was a brght reddsh-orange coor.... Once t went nto fames, I knew that wasn't
a fare.
|905|
Another wtness tod the New 'ork "aily News7 "It ooked ke a bg skyrocket gong
up, and t kept gong up and up, and the next thng I knew there was an orange
ba of fre."
|906|
275
Long Isand resdent Lnda Kabot nadvertenty snapped a pcture of the msse
whe photographng frends at a party. The photo appeared n the |uy ssue of
)aris Match.
Eyewtnesses on the ground weren't the ony ones who saw a msse. Vass
Bakoyns, a Greek commerca arne pot fyng behnd fght 800, tod the FBI that
he saw what appeared to be a msse rse up from the water and strke the pane.
"Suddeny I saw n the fog to my eft toward the ocean, a sma fame rsng qucky
toward the sky. Before I reazed t, I saw ths fame become huge.."
|907|
Prvate pot Sven Faret reported a "short pn-fash of ght |whch| appeared on the
ground, perhaps water," that rose up "ke a rocket aunch at a freworks
dspay."
|908|
Ma|or Fred Meyer, the pot of an Ar Natona Guard hecopter whch was n the
area, sad he saw "a streak of red orange" headng toward the pane. "...t arrved
at a pont n space where I saw a sma exposon whch grew to a sma freba,
then a second exposon and a huge freba," the $oston 8erald quoted Meyer as
teng a press brefng on |uy 18th.
Meyer's co-pot, Captan Chrs Baur, tod Aiation Week 5 S*ace Technolo%y on
March 10, "Amost due south, there was a hard whte ght, ke burnng
pyrotechncs, n eve fght. I was tryng to fgure out what t was. It was the wrong
coor for fares. It struck an ob|ect comng from the rght |TWA 800| and made t
expode."
|909|
Ten days ater, Meyer, a Vetnam veteran, tod the Rierside )ress-&nter*rise7 "I
know what I saw. I saw an ordnance exposon. And whatever I saw, the exposon
of the fue was not the ntator of the event. It was one of the resuts. Somethng
happened before that whch was the ntator of the dsaster."
|910|
Meyer and Baur's account was backed up by Ar Natona Guard C-130 pot
Conone Wam Stratemer, |r., who tod Aiation Week 5 S*ace Technolo%y what
"appeared to be the tra of a shouder-fred SAM endng n a fash on the 747."
|911|
Yet the government woud seek to sence the hundreds of eyewtnesses who saw
the msse. A team of approxmatey 50 FBI agents, many of the same agents who
worked the Okahoma Cty case, woud vst these wtnesses and ask, then
demand, ther sence.
"There was nothng I observed that gave me any ndcaton that the streak of ght I
saw was caused by a msse," Meyer woud ater quoted as sayng. "I don't know
what I saw."
|912|
"We dd not see smoke tras |from a msse|, any gnton source from the ta of a
rocket nor anythng." sad Stratemer four months ater.
|913|
276
Medca Examner Dr. Chares V. Wet orgnay tod reporters that the passengers
n the forward compartment were ht hardest, ndcatng the ma|or event was n
the front of the pane, not the center as the government camed. Dr. Wet and
others then backed off from ther fndngs. An exposon had happened and ked
peope was as much as he coud say, reported the New 'ork Times.
|914|
Was the government coverng up evdence of a terrorst msse strke, or the
neggence of the Unted States Navy? Whe the dsntegraton of fght 800's
number three engne appears to ndcate a shouder-aunched msse, the arge
gapng hoe runnng from |ust underneath the center fue tank through the top of
the forward cabn suggests a strke by an unarmed msse "drone."
There s evdence for both theores. After denyng the exstence of any mtary
operatons n the area, the Pentagon eventuay admtted that a C-130 mtary
transport and two HH-60G Backhawk hecopters of the New York Ar Natona
Guard's ANG's 106th Rescue Wng were operatng n the area as part of a nght-
rescue exercse.
Such a "rescue exercse" doesn't expan the presence of a P-3 Oron ant-
submarne warfare pane, whch, contrary to cams by Navy pubc affars, s
capabe of carryng msses. The U.S.S. Normandy, an Aegs cass guded msse
cruser (smar to the one that accdentay shot down Iran Ar Fght 655 over the
strats of Hormuz, kng a 290 peope), was aso operatng n the vcnty. The
Normandy carres RIM-67 Standard SM-2ER sem-actve radar homng ar defense
msses, wth a range of 93 mes and an attude of 100,000 feet. Was the
Normandy frng drones as part of a practce dr? Such maneuvers are routney
carred out off the coast of Long Isand. Area W-105 was actvated as a "hot zone"
at the tme of the dsaster.
|915|
Naturay, the Navy camed the Normandy was 180 mes from fght 800, whch
was n area W-106, 15 mes to the Northwest of W-105.
|916|
FBI chef nvestgator |ames Kastrom cted cams of mtary cupabty as
"rresponsbe. tota unaduterated nonsense," and, echong the psychobabbe
empoyed by the government n the Okahoma Cty bombng nvestgaton, stated
that such cams are hurtfu to the vctms. |m Ha, head of the NTSB nvestgaton,
backed up Kastrom, sayng the aegatons "are causng ncredbe pan and
confuson for those who ost oved ones."
"I can te you we eft no stone unturned," Kastrom announced, as f payng a bad
re-run of |anet Reno's press conference on Okahoma Cty.
|917|
Then n November, Perre Sanger, a former ABC News correspondent and press
secretary for Presdent Kennedy, tod reporters n Cannes, France, he had obtaned
a document from French ntegence (there were numerous French ctzens
onboard) detang how the Navy was ndeed test frng msses and accdentay
ht Fght 800 because the pane was fyng ower than expected. Sanger sad the
277
document wrtten by someone who "was ted to the U.S. Secret Servce and has
mportant contacts n the U.S. Navy."
|918|
Backng up Sanger's report was Lt. Co. Bo Grtz, a hghy decorated Vetnam
veteran and Speca Forces commander, who reported n |une that the Army and
Navy were conductng fna acceptance tests of the AEGIS-CEC (Cooperatve
Engagement Capabty) system, n the wake of the tragc shootdown of an Iranan
arbus by the USS Vncennes.
The mtary chose Area W-105, camed Grtz, n order to provde a reastc test
usng a densey popuated area. "W-105 had been especay seected (and
actvated for ve fre) because of ts smarty to the Persan Guf."
The Navy Oron P-3, a member of the CEC team, was oaded wth up-graded gear,
aowng ntegraton of Army and Navy Ant-Arcraft Artery acquston radar. The
equpment was supposed to "dscrmnate between frend-neutra-foe eectronc
sgnatures, soate the hoste threat and seect the weapon best postoned for an
assured k to aunch at the target."
The smuated booge was a Navy BOM-74E msse drone aunched from
Shnnecock Bay, east of Rverhead, Long Isand by an Army unt shorty after the
"a cear" at 8:30 p.m..
Through the thckenng fog of repcated hoste mages, a shot souton was potted
and reayed to the msse unt best postoned for the k. The software then
automatcay trggered the aunch of a Navy Standard IV Ant-msse msse..
The antmsse was programmed to cmb rapdy unt a "md-course" correcton
woud be reayed to the msse's on-board computer drectng the dve to mpact.
Fna course ad|ustments woud be made by the msse's "sem-actve" radar
devce after "ock-on" was acheved..
Tragcay, the ast radar abe to see the booge through the heavy |ammng and
target repcaton suddeny and unexpectedy went bnd.. Unabe to receve
gudance commands to keep t on an ntercept course wth the target drone, the
Standard IV reverted to ts own programmng and began seekng a target. In a
heartbeat, the nterna radar acqured the TWA 747 we above and to the west of
the ntended target.
|919|
Was the 747 destroyed by "frendy fre?" Reports that rocket fue resdue was
present on seat backs and bodes of the vctms, and the arge entry and ext
hoes, tend to support these aegatons.
|920|
Durng the 1982 Fakands War, an Argentne AM.39 Exocet ant-shp msse struck
the Brtsh destroyer HMS Sheffed. Athough t was a dud, "the knetc energy of
the msse, fyng at supersonc speed, was abe to punch through the hu and
sce nto fue nes, aowng the st-burnng rocket motor to gnte a deady and
278
exposve fre. TWA 800 may have experenced an arborne verson of ths same
fate."
|921|
Grtz' cam that the mtary chose the area off of Long Isand for testng |ves wth
the we-documented fact of decades-ong mtary testng on unsuspectng cvans
n hundreds of ctes across the naton - ncudng everythng from drugs and
nucear radaton, to chemca and boogca weapons.
|922|
Interestngy, on August 29, sx weeks after the TWA 800 crash, an Amercan
Arnes pot reported seeng a msse pass by hs 757 whe fyng over Waops
Isand, Vrgna, the ste of the NASA Waops Fght Facty, whch has a program
for unmanned research rockets. Waops Isand s about 220 mes south of the
TWA crash sght.
|923|
Fnay, as Ian Goddard reported, on May 13, 1997, Long Isand's Southam*ton
)ress reported that resdent Dede Muma accdentay receved a fax from Teedyne
Ryan Aeronautca ntended for the FBI's offce n Caverton, Long Isand (the two
have smar phone numbers). The fax ndcated that parts of a Navy msse target
drone, a BOM-34 Frebee I manufactured by Teedyne, may have been found n the
wreckage. The fax shows a dagram of what appears to be a msse, aong wth a
breakdown of ts ta secton and a parts st...
|924|
The near dsntegraton of the pane's number three engne, however, supports the
theory of a heat-seekng SAM, suggestng that the pane was destroyed by
terrorsts.
Reca that two ma|or terrorst conferences were hed durng whch t was
announced that there woud be ncreased attacks aganst U.S. nterests: one on
|une 20-23 n Teheran, and the other on |uy 10-15 n Pakstan. Integence offcers
and terrorst eaders from Hamas, HzbAah, and the PFLP-GC's Ahmed |br, who
carred out the Pan Am 103 bombng, were n attendance. Ths was foowed on
|une 25 by the truck-bombng of the mtary housng compound n Dhahran, Saud
Araba.
|925|
Aso reca that mmedatey foowng the |uy 16th U.S. Senate resouton for
sanctons aganst Lbya and Iran, the al-8ayat newspaper receved a warnng from
the Movement for Isamc Change:
The word w be astonshed and amazed at the tme and pace chosen by the
Mu|ahadeen. The Mu|ahadeen w dever the harshest repy to the threats of the
foosh Amercan presdent. Everyone w be surprsed by the voume, choce of
pace and tmng of the Mu|ahadeen's answer, and nvaders must prepare to depart
ave or dead for ther tme s mornng and mornng s near.
The New 'ork )ost aso reported that the FBI was ookng nto an anonymous
threat receved after convcton of Shek Omar Abde Rahman, the sprtua eader
of the Word Trade Center bombng ce, convcted of pottng to bow up ma|or
279
New York Cty andmarks. The threat warned that a New York area arport or
|etner woud be attacked n retaaton for the prosecuton of the shek.
|926|
A warnng was aso provded to the Israes that Iran was key to aunch an attack
aganst a U.S. arcraft. Thousands of Stnger msses were gven to the
Mu|ahadeen by the CIA n the 1980s. Accordng to former FAA nvestgator Rodney
Stch, "At east a dozen were thus obtaned by the Iranan Revoutonary Guards
from Yuns Khas, a radca Musm Afghan resstance eader. One of them was
fred by Iranans at an Amercan hecopter on patro n the Persan Guf on October
8th, 1987."
The U.S. produced neary 64,500 of these msses for the mtary and other
countres snce 1980, ncudng Angoa, Egypt, France, Germany, Iran, Israe,
Kuwat, Pakstan, Saud Araba and Turkey. The Sovets are known to have sod
ther SAM-7 to Chna, North Korea, Inda, Iran, Iraq, Cuba, Laos, Lbya, Sudan and
Syra, among others.
|927|
Stngers provded to the Mu|ahadeen va the CIA n
Peshawar, Pakstan, were often sod to terrorsts and other groups.
"We have now spent more than a decade tryng to retreve those msses," sad
Natae Godrng, a defense anayst wth the Brtsh-Amercan Securty Informaton
Counc. "Severa hundred that were transferred durng the Afghan war are
nowhere to be found. They are very capabe ant-arcraft msses."
|928|
Accordng to Stch, the CIA has bumbed attempts to retreve the msses. In a
etter to Senator Aren Specter dated October 20, 1995, Stch wrtes:
Recent nformaton provded to me by one or more of my contacts n the CIA
communty descrbes the dates, paces, and peope nvoved n offerng the
msses to the Unted States, and the re|ecton of ths offer. These sources
provded me wth precse detas of the negotatons to gve the msses to the
Unted States, the agreement by Afghan rebe eader, Genera Rashd Dostom, and
a CIA attorney..
|One| possbty for CIA and |ustce Department re|ecton of the Stnger msses s
that the CIA wants the msses to fa nto terrorsts' hands, and actuay wants an
arner to be shot down. The shoot-down of a commerca arner coud then be
used to |ustfy the contnuaton of CIA actvtes.
|929|
In fact, Israe ntercepted unconfrmed reports that 50 of Stngers were smugged
nto the country n 1995. A etter reportedy presented to members of the Senate
Integence and Armed Servces Commttee after the shootdown of fght 800 not
ony camed credt for the attack, but provded the sera number of the msse
that was used.
Naturay, government woud trot out ts usua stabe of spokesmen to cam that
the pane hadn't been downed by a msse, especay a shouder-aunched SAM,
whch the Pentagon camed coudn't down a |umbo-|et fyng at 13,700 feet.
280
"There's no Amercan offca wth haf a bran who ought to be specuatng on
anythng of that nature," sad Whte House spokesman Mke McCurry. "There's no
concrete nformaton that woud ead any of us n the Unted States government to
draw that knd of concuson."
Yet the State Department has cataogued 25 ncdents between 1978 and 1993 n
whch commerca arners were shot down by SAMs, kng more than 600 peope.
(Israe commerca arners, ke the Presdent's Ar Force One, are equpped wth
speca fares capabe of dvertng surface-to-ar msses.) Durng the Vetnam War,
Russan Gra msses routney shot down panes at attudes of 11,000 and 12,000
feet. Some SAMs - ncudng the Stnger, and the Swedsh-but Bofors RBS 70 and
90, whch mtary and avaton anayst Ronad Lews, wrtng n Air Forces Monthly
beeves was used - are reportedy capabe of reachng attudes of between
15,000 and 18,000 feet.
|930|
It s for precsey ths reason that the government kept changng the attude of the
pane, whch they frst reported at 8,500 feet, then 10,000 feet, and fnay at
13,700 feet (Apparenty they ddn't take nto account the range of the Bofors). Ths
s strkngy smar to ther aterng of the sze of the bomb n Okahoma, orgnay
statng t was 1,200 pounds, then 2,000 pounds, then 4,000 pounds, then fnay
4,800 pounds, to match ther magc ANFO theory.
Gven the overwhemng evdence to the contrary, however, the takng heads
woud modfy ther statements. "They w be ookng at a three scenaros," sad
Former FBI Assstant Drector Over "Buck" Reve, "and probaby the east key
w be the msse, but t w be one that s very carefuy examned."
|931|
Even the FBI's |ames Kastrom was ater forced to admt, "We do have nformaton
that there was somethng n the sky. A number of peope have seen t."
|932|
As the
New 'ork )ost reported on September 22:
Law-enforcement sources sad the hardest evdence gathered so far
overwhemngy suggests a surface-to-ar msse - wth the sophstcated abty to
ock on the center of a target rather than ts red-hot engnes - was fred from a
boat off the Long Isand coast to brng down the arner |uy 17.
|933|
On December 17, the Washin%ton Times quoted a congressona ade who verfed
that an unnamed DIA offca confrmed the msse attack: "'In hs opnon, the
pane was brought down by at east one shouder-fred msse,'" sad the
congressona source, who spoke on the condton of anonymty."
|934|
Interestngy, the FBI focused part of ts nvestgaton on boats on Long Isand that
had been chartered or stoen. One report that surfaced eary on reported that two
Mdde Eastern men had rented a boat. A boat 30 or 40 feet n ength woud
provde a stabe enough patform for a someone amng a heat-seekng or aser
guded SAM, even f the waters had not been perfecty cam.
281
Obvousy, the government was perfecty capabe of determnng who, or at east
what shot down TWA fght 800. Aiation Week reported that technoogy s
avaabe to estabsh, wthn hours, the exact composton of any exposve, even
after days of submerson n sea water. Yet months after the dsaster, the
government was st camng t hadn't determned the cause of the crash. At
tmes, the expanatons offered by government offcas bordered on the rdcuous.
On |uy 11, 1997, a NTSB offca was heard postuatng before members of
Congress that the pane may have been destroyed by errant "space |unk."
It s hardy surprsng that the government woud want to cover up the truth,
especay f fght 800 had been destroyed by a Stnger msse, one gven to the
Mu|ahadeen by the Centra |Stupdty| Agency. If the pubc earned that a
commerca |et coud be shot down by a hand-hed msse, one of many smugged
nto ths country, the arne ndustry woud suffer huge fnanca oses. In countres
where toursm s essenta to the economy, such a reveaton woud be
devastatng.
Moreover, f TWA 800 had been downed by our own mtary, the government
woud be even more desperate to cover up the truth.
At a press conference on November 8, IWW reporter He Cohen asked, "Why s
the Navy not a suspect?" In response, Kastrom sad, "Remove that man." As
about 10 securty guards swfty removed Cohen from the room, as he shouted,
"We want an ndependent nvestgaton!"
Nor were |ournasts nvestgatng Okahoma Cty mmune from harassment. |ayna
Davs, the courageous KFOR reporter who tracked down Hussan and Khad,
receved a warnng from the Bureau that she was gettng "too cose" to the truth,
and shoud drop her nvestgaton.
|ournasts and nvestgators who have attempted to ntervew rescue workers,
ncudng fremen, poce and other cty offcas are dened ntervews. Most
workers say they've been tod not to tak by ther superors or the FBI. ".they're
afrad of osng ther |obs or beng sub|ected to abuse f they say somethng," sad
|ane Graham.
Nurse Ton Garret was one of many peope who had vounteered to hep tag dead
vctms that terrbe mornng. Garret and her husband Ear had |ust taken a break
when they notced federa agents arrvng to set up a command post. "They acted
ke t was |ust a dr, ke t was no bg dea, sad Garret. "They were knd of |okng
around and a that knd of stuff."
Approxmatey 20 mnutes ater, when the Garrets re-entered the makeshft trage
center, they found many of the doctors and nurses gone, and a competey
dfferent atmosphere prevaed. "There was nobody hepng anymore," sad Ear.
"Before, there were peope brngng n food and medca suppes - |ust
282
everythng. When we came back n, there was a cod, caous atmosphere. I found
out ater that the FBI had taken over.."
But what reay upset Ton Garret was the fact that the FBI and the Medca
Examner were suppressng the body count, whch they had camed as ony 22
dead. Garret, who had personay tagged over 120 dead bodes that day, was
shocked. "I was beng ntervewed by a ady from TBN (Trnty Broadcastng
Network). I tod her that I was hghy upset because the news meda and the
nformaton they were beng gven was not accurate nformaton. There were many
more bodes than what they were sayng on the news meda and reeasng at the
tme.."
"|The FBI| ddn't ke that Ton was beng ntervewed by the meda," sad Ear. "An
agent came |up| to me and sad, 'Do you know her?' pontng to Ton. I sad, 'Yes,
she's my wfe.' He sad, "What s she?' I sad, 'We, she's been down here a day
tryng to get peope out of ths budng and hep peope.' He turned around to hs
frends and sad, 'We, we need to get her out of here.' Ton then tod me that the
agents had tod her that the FBI was takng over and a of us coud get out. They
tod us to keep our mouths shut."
Sad Ton, "When they came over to me, one of the agents was very pompous and
arrogant about askng me who I was, what I was dong there, f I was a cvan,
where I worked, and what my name was. I ddn't fee ke any of that pertaned to
what was gong on that day or what had happened that day, and he wanted to
know everythng about me..
"He sad, 'We, we1re down here now, and we're takng over the budng. It woud
be advsabe and recommendabe that you keep your mouth shut."
|935|
Norma Smth, who worked at the Federa Courthouse across from the Murrah
budng saw, aong wth numerous others, the Sherff's bomb squad congregated
n the parkng ot at 7:30 that mornng. Shorty after Smth's story appeared n a
oca newspaper, her house was broken nto - twce. Smth, frghtened, took eary
retrement and moved out of state. She s currenty too afrad to tak to anyone.
The bomb squad, ncdentay, dened beng there.
New American edtor Wam |asper earned from an OCPD offcer that durng a
mandatory day securty brefng at the Murrah Budng, he and other assembed
poce/rescue/recovery personne were tod "n no uncertan terms" by one of the
ead federa offcas that t was necessary for "securty" reasons to provde the
pubc wth "msnformaton" regardng certan aspects of the case, and that ths
"offca ne" was not to be contradcted by any of those n attendance.
|936|
"There's a ot that's beng covered up, for some reason," charged a federa
empoyee who narrowy escaped death but who ost many frends n the terrorst
attack.
283
Sad a man who ost hs father, ".I'm angry because I know I'm beng ed to."
"Many of us are gong to come forward and chaenge what's gong on as soon as
we get some more of the peces fgured out," pedged a aw enforcement offcer.
|937|
Ths same poce offcer ater tod me he was caed nto the offces of OCPD Chef
Sam Gonzaes and U.S. Attorney Pat Ryan and tod to "cease and desst."
|938|
Another offcer who was tod to "cease and desst" was Sergeant Terrance Yeakey.
On May 8, 1996, ony three days before Sergeant Yeakey was to receve the
Okahoma Poce Department's Meda of Vaor, he "commtted sucde." The 30
year-od cop was found n a fed near E Reno, not far from where E Reno Prson
guard |oey Gadden "commtted sucde." Hs wrsts were sashed n numerous
paces, as was hs neck and throat. Apparenty not satsfed wth ths nta attempt
to take hs fe, he got out of hs car, waked a me and-a-haf over rough terran,
then pued out hs gun shot hmsef n the head.
The meda camed Offcer Yeakey "was wracked wth gut" over hs nabty to
hep more peope that fatefu mornng. They aso camed he ed a "troubed famy
fe," havng been recenty dvorced from hs wfe Tona, and separated from hs
two daughters, aged two and four, whom the "aily Oklahoman camed he was not
permtted to see due to a restranng order.
Other accounts suggest that Yeakey was reuctant to receve the Meda of Vaor
due to hs "gut" over beng n|ured n the Murrah Budng. "He ddn't ke t," sad
hs supervsor Lt. |o Ann Randa. "There are some peope that ke to be heroes
and some that don't. He was not one that wanted that."
"He had a ot of gut because he got hurt," added feow offcer |m Ramsey.
|939|
Apparenty, there was much more behnd Offcer Terrance Yeakey's reuctance to
be honored as a hero.
"He kept teng me t wasn't what I thought t was," sad hs ex-wfe, Tona Rvera,
"that they were ony choosng offcers who were not even at the ste, you know -
who ddn't see anythng - to take pubc rewards, recognton, that sort of stuff.
"They started pressurng them nto takng |the rewards|," added Rvera. "There
came a tme about md-year, where they were forcng hm nto gong to these
award ceremones. As n, 'Yes, you could not go, but we' make your fe he.'
The story of the reuctant hero, she added, was nothng more than a "rea thn ve
of truth" whch covered up a "mountan of decet."
"|T|erry wanted no part of t."
|940|
284
Hs sster, Vck |ones, agreed. "Terry hated that stuff. 'I'm no hero,' he woud say.
'Nobody that had anythng to do wth hepng those peope n that bombng are
heroes."
Why woud the Meda of Vaor recpent make such a bzarre-soundng statement?
In a etter he wrote to a bombng vctm and frend Ramona McDonad, the offcer
tes the real reason for hs reuctance to be honored as a hero:
Dear Ramona,
I hope that whatever you hear now and n the future w not change your opnons
about mysef or others wth the Okahoma Cty Poce Department, athough some
of the thngs I am about to te you about s |sc| very dsturbng.
I don't know f you reca everythng that happened that mornng or not, so I am
not sure f you know what I am referrng to.
The man that you and I were takng about n the pctures I have made the mstake
of askng too many questons as to hs roe n the bombng, and was tod to back
off.
I was tod by severa offcers he was an ATF agent who was overseeng the
bombng pot and at the tme the photos were taken he was cang n hs report of
what had |ust went down!
I thnk my days as a poce offcer are numbered because of the way my
supervsors are actng and there s |sc| a ot of secrets foatng around now about
my menta state of mnd. I thnk they are gong to wrte me up because of my ex-
wfe and a VPO.
I tod you about takng to Chapan Poe, we the bastard wrote up n a report
statng I shoud be reeved of my dutes! I made the mstake of thnkng that a
person's conversaton wth a chapan was prvate, whch by the way mght have
cost me my |ob as a poce offcer! A frend at headquarters tod me that Poe sent
out etters to everyone n the department! That BITCH (|o Ann Randa) I tod you
about s up to somethng and I thnk t has somethng to do wth Poe. If she gets
her way, they w tar and feather me!
I was tod that |ack Poe has wrtten up a report on every snge offcer that has
been n to see hm, ncudng Gordon Martn and |ohn Avery.
Knowng what I know now, and understandng fuy |ust what went down that
mornng, makes me ashamed to wear a badge from Okahoma Cty's Poce
Department. I took and oath to uphod the Law and to enforce the Law to the best
of my abty. Ths s somethng I cannot honesty do and hod my head up proud
any onger f I keep my sence as I am ordered to do.
285
There are severa others out there who was |sc| what we saw and even some who
payed a roe n what happened that day.
|Two Pages Mssng|
My guess s the more tme an offcer has to thnk about the screw up the more he
s gong to queston what happened. Can you magne what woud be comng
down now f that had been our offcers' who had et ths happen? Because t was
the feds that dd ths and not the ocas, s the reason t's okay. You were rght a
aong and I am truy sorry I doubted you and your motves about recordng hstory.
You shoud know that t s gong to one-he-of-a-fght.
Everyone was behnd you unt you started askng questons as I dd, as to how so
many federa agents arrved at the scene at the same tme.
Luke Franey (a ATF agent who camed he was n the budng) was not n the
budng at the tme of the bast, I know ths for a fact, I saw hm! I aso saw fu rot
gear worn wth rfes n hand, why? Don't make the mstake as I dd and ask the
wrong peope.
I worry about you and your young famy because of some of the statements that
have been made towards me, a poce offcer! Whatever you do don't confront
McPhearson wth the bomb squad about what I tod you. Hs actons and
defensveness towards the bombng woud make any norma person thnk he was
defendng hmsef as f he drove the damn truck up to the budng hmsef. I am
not worred for mysef, but for you and your group. I woud not be afrad to say at
ths tme that you and your famy coud be harmed f you get any coser to the
truth. At ths tme I thnk for your we beng t s best for you to dstance yoursef
and others from those of us who have strred up to many questons about the
aterng and fasfyng of the federa nvestgaton's reports.
I truy beeve there are other offcers ke me out there who woud not sette for
anythng but the truth, t s |ust a matter of fndng them. The ony true probem as
I see t s, who do we turn to then?
It s vta that peope ke you, Edye Smth, and others keep askng questons and
demandng answers for the actons of our Federa Government and aw
enforcement agences that knew beforehand and partcpated n the cover-up.
The sad truth of the matter s that they have so many poce offcers convnced
that by coverng up the truth about the operaton gone wrong, that they are
actuay dong our ctzens a favor. What I want to know s how many other
operatons have they had that bew up n ther faces? Makes you stop and take
another ook at Waco.
I woud consder t to be an nsut to my professon as a poce offcer and to the
ctzens of Okahoma for ANY of the Cty, State or Federa agents that stood by and
286
et ths happen to be recognzed as any thng other than ther part n partcpaton
n ettng ths happen. For those who ran from the scene to change ther attre to
hde the fact that they were there, shoud be |udged as cowards.
If our hstory books and records are ever truy corrected about that day t w show
ths and maybe even some ame excuse as to why t happened, but I truy don't
beeve t w from what I now know to be the truth.
Even f I tred to expan t to you the way t was expaned to me, and the
rdcuous reason for havng out own poce departments fasfy reports to ther
feow offcers, to the ctzens of the cty and to our country, you woud understand
why I fee the way I do about a of ths.
I beeve that a ot of the probems the offcers are havng rght now are because
some of them know what reay happened and can't dea wth t, and others ke
mysef made the mstake of trustng the one person we were supposed to be abe
to turn to (Chapan Poe) ony to be stabbed n the back.
I am sad to say that I beeve my days as a poce offcer are numbered because of
a of ths..
Shorty after the bombng, Yeakey appeared at hs ex-wfe's. "About two weeks
before hs death, he'd come nto my home at strange tmes," sad Rvera, "two-
thrty n the mornng, four n the mornng, unannounced - tryng to gve me fe
nsurance poces.. He kept teng me we needed to get remarred mmedatey,
or me and the grs woud not be taken care of.
"I mean, why woud a guy te you to take a fe nsurance pocy, knowng damn
we t woudn't pay for a sucde? He obvousy knew he was n danger."
Yet Offcer Terrance Yeakey was not the type of person to easy show hs feengs.
He ddn't want to te hs famy anythng that mght get them hurt.
"He tod me enough to et me know that t was not what they were makng t out to
be," sad Rvera, "and that he was dsgusted and ddn't want any part of t, but he
never went nto deta.. It scared me."
|941|
Wthn days of the bombng, accordng to a sympathetc government source who
has spoken to Rvera, Yeakey began recevng death threats. He was at hs ex-
wfe's apartment when the cas came. Afrad for hs famy, he got up and eft.
"When he came to my apartment two weeks pror, tryng to gve me these
nsurance poces," sad Rvera, "he sat on my vng room couch and cred and tod
me how he had a fght wth |hs supervsors| Lt. Randa and Ma|. Upchurch. He dd
not te me what that entaed, but he was scared - he was cryng so bady he was
shakng.
287
"He woudn't totay voce whatever t was," recaed Rvera. "It was ke he'd be
|ust about to te me - he'd want to sp hs guts - and then he stopped, and he
|ust cred. And that's when he kept nsstng that I take the nsurance pocy."
Athough Yeakey was concerned for hs famy, the marrage was not wthout
abuse. Rvera had fed a VPO (Vctm's Protectve Order) aganst hm sghty over
two years ago. In a ft of temper, Yeakey had once threatened to take hs fe and
those of hs wfe and chdren.
"I thnk t was sad n the haste of, we, he's gong to k a of us knd of thng -
cop under pressure," sad Rvera. But that was over a year and-a-haf ago. Yeakey
had spent consderabe tme wth hs wfe and chdren snce then, takng them on
famy outngs and so forth.
Nevertheess, the Okahoma Cty Poce Department (OCPD) attempted to use the
ncdent to cam that Yeakey was sucda. It was on the day of hs death, around
1:30 p.m., that they caed Rvera, tryng to get her to fe a VPO Voaton based on
the two-year-od report. "They wanted me to come down and make some
statements aganst hm," Rvera sad.
On the same afternoon, n-between messages on hs answerng machne from hs
sster, Vck |ones and hs supervsor Lt. |o Ann Randa, Yeakey had a message
from Tona. "The message was ke at 5:30 n the afternoon," recaed Rvera. "I
sound ke I'm whsperng, and I'm apoogzng for wakng hm up - at 5:30 n the
afternoon - on Wednesday."
It seems the ntent behnd ths cevery-crafted decepton was to convnce the
famy and potenta nvestgators that Rvera was an "ev person," who was
seepng wth hm the nght before, but "went down and fed a VPO the next day."
"That tape was panted," sad Rvera. "I never caed hs house."
It seemed the OCPD was payng an eaborate game to sow confuson and mstrust,
and create the appearance that Rvera was responsbe for her ex-husband's
death.
"So t comes out n paper after paper how he's havng probems wth hs ex-wfe,
how he's not aowed to see hs chdren.. "They're tryng to pay up the story of
the btch-ass wfe whose tryng to get hm fred.."
Yet Rvera camed she never fed a VPO voaton. "The OCPD wanted to fe one,"
sad Rvera. "But I never sgned t." Rvera camed she had gone to the poce
staton, but smpy out of concern for her ex-husband, who had been actng
strangey.
288
"Nobody ever sad, 'Mrs. Yeakey, Terry's mssng. Do you know anypace he mght
have gone to? They never tod me that they weren't abe to ocate hm, that they
were concerned, you know - nothng. I never knew he was mssng."
If Offcer Yeakey's death was anythng more than a sucde, the OCPD ddn't go to
any great engths to fnd out. Whe hs death occurred n E Reno, the OCPD took
over the crme scene, squeezng the E Reno Poce Department out of the pcture.
The OCPD's Meda Reatons offcer, Cpt. Ted Carton, expaned, "It was our poce
offcer who was ked. It's not uncommon |to take over the nvestgaton| n the
case of a smaer poce agency."
|942|
Athough forenscs are aso standard procedure n the event of a voent or
suspcous death, especay that of a poce offcer, Yeakey's car was never dusted
for prnts. "And the next day, they gave us the damn car!" sad Mrs. |arrah. "It was
fu of bood."
When Yeakey's Brother-n-Law, Genn |ones, nspected the dead man's car, he
dscovered a boody knfe stashed underneath the gove compartment. Yet
accordng to the respondng offcer, Yeakey had apparenty used a razor bade.
Where dd the knfe come from? Snce no forensc nvestgaton was conducted,
ths remans uncear.
No autopsy was ever conducted.
"There were common sense thngs that were wrong about the whoe thng, that
makes t so werd," added Mrs. |arrah. "It |ust doesn't seem rght. Why woud
pocemen and the authortes make such common mstakes that woud eave
questons? It's |ust reay werd."
If Yeakey's death was a sucde, he eft no note. Athough he was upset over hs
dvorce, accordng to the famy, he was not sucda. It s aso unkey that he
abused drugs, as he was an nstructor at DARE, a program desgned to keep
chdren off drugs.
Former Canadan County Sherff Cnt Boeher, who cams to have known Yeakey,
doesn't concur wth ths anayss. Boeher sad that Yeakey showed up at hs house
n E Reno on the afternoon of hs death, hs car stopped at an ange n the mdde
of the road. When Boeher and hs grfrend Kate Aen, a paramedc, ran outsde,
they found the poce offcer vrtuay passed out.
"He coudn't te us hs name ntay," sad Aen. "He was , and he was very
anxous. Hs heart rate was rapd; he was sweaty.. He tod us he had been havng
concentraton probems, he hadn't sept. He had a the appearances, my frst
guess woud be, of someone who was havng emotona probems. And my second
guess woud be, of some knd of substance abuse probem. But that's a pure
guess."
289
Boeher added that Yeakey sad he hadn't eaten, and was "throwng up, takng
medcaton, and ncoherent. "He was takng medcatons for hs back," sad
Boeher. "He had four or fve medcatons n the car."
Boeher and Aen ddn't know that Yeakey had Scke-Ce Anema - a bood-sugar-
reated condton that caused sezures. It was these sezures, Rvera expaned,
that woud occasonay cause her ex-husband to act "out-of-sorts," or even to sp
nto unconscousness.
In spte of hs medca condton, Rvera nssted that Terrance Yeakey was a heath
fanatc. The prescrptons were for hs condton, she sad, but he used ony the
mnmum amounts.
Accordng to Canadan County Sherff Deputy Mke Ramsey (no reaton to OCPD
Offcer |m Ramsey), who drove Yeakey home, Yeakey was not sucda. "He ddn't
gve me any ndcatons that he was out to do harm to hmsef," sad Ramsey. "He
seemed more dsorented, tred."
|943|
There are many thngs about Offcer Yeakey's death that reman a mystery. Whe
Boeher descrbed a man on drugs, the Medca Examner cams they ddn't bother
to conduct a drug test because t "costs too much."
|944|
The ME's fed nvestgator, |effrey Legg, aso reported that Yeakey "had been
drnkng heavy" the day before, based on statements made by OCPD Homcde
Detectves Dcus and Munex. Yet Terrance Yeakey ddn't drnk, and ther own
report concuded that there was no acoho n the body at the tme of death.
|945|
Canadan County Sherffs dscovered the abandoned car, fed wth bood, about
two and-a-haf mes from the od E Reno reformatory. The OCPD was notfed, and
Poce Chef Sam Gonazes few out by chopper. Usng dogs, they foowed a tra of
bood, and found the body n a dtch, about a me and-a-haf from the car. (Legg
reported the body was 1/2 me south of the car, when n fact t was 1 1/2 mes
north-east of the car.)
Apparenty Yeakey had tred to cut hmsef n the wrsts, neck, and throat, then,
after osng approxmatey two pnts of bood, got out of hs car (contentousy
rememberng to ock the doors), waked a me and-a-haf over rough terran,
crawed under a barbed-wre fence, waded through a cuvert, then ay down n a
dtch and shot hmsef n the head.
|946|
As s ths weren't strange enough, Yeakey's det-reated condton woud have
made hm too weak to wak the me and-a-haf from hs car to where hs body was
found - especay after osng two to three pnts of bood.
Nevertheess, the OCPD rued t a sucde on the spot. Ther nvestgaton remaned
seaed. Ths reporter was unabe to obtan t, and not even the famy was aowed
to see t.
290
"There were so many thngs that were werd," sad Mrs. |arrah. "My daughter kept
gong back to the Poce Department. She sad, 'We what about ths. we knew he
had a camcorder, we knew he had a brefcase.'
"These are thngs we never got back. The kd aways carred camera and fm. |He|
never went anywhere wthout hs camera and brefcase. He had a hs mportant
papers n there.. We got the camera back. We never got the fm back. We never
got the brefcase. They sad they never saw t.."
In regards to Yeakey's vdeos, Detectve Munex, who "nvestgated" the case for
the OCPD, tod Vck |ones, "I reay don't thnk you' want to see those; they
contan pornography." |ones ddn't beeve hm and ddn't care. "I want those
tapes!" she demanded.
The Homcde detectve fnay tod her she'd get them back after they had
"examned the evdence."
"One mnute the guy woud say he had them," sad |ones, "the next mnute he'd
say 'we don't have anythng..'"
Accordng to |ones, Munex then sad, "Now, we a oved Terry. I hope you
understand that, but I'm not gong to et you see any pctures. And I don't know
anythng about a brefcase, but f there's anythng back there, I' gve you a ca,
and you can come back and get them."
"And I |ust sat there and ooked at hm, and sad to mysef, 'You're dong a great
performance, but t's not workng..' Then he got reay uptght and sad, 'We,
some of us hated Terry.' |Then| he knd of grabbed hs face and sad 'oh sht.'"
For hs part, Munex had "no comment ether way." He then tod me, "I don't
remember what I sad to the ady, but I certany was not rude to her.. Ths comes
as a bg shock to me, because he was a poce offcer and a frend of mne. It was a
hard thng and hurt me to have to work t."
Cpt. Carton kewse fegned shock at |ones' rebuffs, and sad he woud have to
know who the offcer was who made those statements. He then asked me to have
the famy contact the OCPD drecty (as though they hadn't aready done so
numerous tmes), and he woud meet wth them and dscuss the case, but that Cpt.
Danny Cockran, Chef of the Homcde Squad, woud have to make the decson
about whether or not to et the famy see the fes.
Yet Carton's statements fy n the face of the experences of not ony Yeakey's
mother and sster, but those of hs ex-wfe. In a etter to Poce Chef Sam Gonzaes
dated September 4, 1996, Rvera wrtes:
Needess to say, I have many questons regardng the nvestgaton. What type of
weapon was used to nfct the gunshot wound to hs head? Who ocated the body?
291
How coud the cause of death be determned wth such confdence wth the
muttude of n|ures to hs body and how dd he wak the dstance ndcated n
)eo*le magazne wth the great oss of bood from razor cuts not ony to both
wrsts, but both hs forearms as we as two razor cuts to hs neck? Not ony dd he
wak ths dstance, but he strugged wth bobwre fencng to reach hs chosen
destnaton to de then nfcted the gunshot wound to hmsef? I request that a
copy of the nvestgatve report of hs death be made avaabe to me.
Gonzaes ddn't respond.
Poce offcas eventuay responded to Vck |ones' compants by teng her she
needed to see a psychatrst. "They sad, 'We're |ust tryng to protect you.'"
Exacty what were they tryng to protect her from? When I caed Mrs. |arrah, the
tetae sgns of a tapped phone were ceary present. If Terrance Yeakey's death
was a smpe sucde, why woud aw-enforcement agences be tappng the famy's
phones?
The OCPD soon began conductng surveance on the dead man's famy.
"There was aways an offcer out there n front of our apartment," sad |ones.
Anywhere we went, we had an offcer or someone n a marked car foowng us
around. It started rght after I started gong to the Poce Department qute a bt."
They aso taed Rvera. When she confronted the offcers, they gnored her, hd
ther faces, or sped off. Cars were parked outsde her chdrens' schoo. When she
spoke to schoo offcas about the surveance one afternoon, she went to work
started to fnd the conversaton on her offce answerng machne! Rvera had
spoken to the schoo prncpa n person. How dd the conversaton wnd up on her
answerng machne?
|947|
The harassment aganst Offcer Yeakey's famy wasn't mted to mere
surveance. After Rvera met wth State Representatve Chares Key, her car was
broken nto. Her house was broken nto twce.
She fnay moved to End when the heat became too hot. "I ved n an apartment
on the thrd foor wth a securty aarm n t," sad Rvera. "I'd come home and the
aarm woud be off. I'd notce thngs out of pace. There'd be cabnets open that I'd
have no reason to have opened."
About two weeks after Terry's death, Rvera went downstars around 6:30 one
mornng to do some aundry, "and there was a man downstars wth huge
headphones on, at 6:30 n the mornng, rght behnd my apartment.."
The ndvdua, who was wearng a |oggng sut - wasn't |oggng, and was not
dong aundry. "He ooked started when I came around the corner," sad Rvera. "I
came back down at 8:30 and the guy was st there."
292
It appears that what Rvera was descrbng was an audo techncan wth a
"Shotgun Mc," a portabe surveance too desgned to pck up conversatons
through wndows and across feds. They are commony used by prvate detectves
and aw-enforcement agences.
One day Rvera came home to fnd her front door open and off ts hnges. When
the frghtened snge mother waked nto her bedroom, she found a baoon ted to
her door. It read: "Get we soon. Ths w keep you busy unt you do."
|948|
It seems the OCPD and the FBI thought that Offcer Yeakey had passed off some
ncrmnatng documents concernng the bombng cover-up to hs ex-wfe, and
were ntent on obtanng the documents.
The surveance, break-ns, and thny-veed threats soon escaated nto more
serous ncdents. Rght before Yeakey's murder, the coupe's Ford Exporer began
gettng mysterous fats. "And when I'd ro t nto a shop," sad Rvera, "they'd pu
out ke sx or seven nas." Ths occurred between eght and ten tmes, she cams.
Rvera expaned that once durng a quarre, Terry had removed some fuses from
her car to keep her from eavng. The poce knew about the ncdent, sad Rvera,
who thought the subsequent events were created by the OCPD to sow mstrust and
provde a convenent tra of evdence to prove that Yeakey ed a troubed famy
fe. Yet whe Yeakey admtted to removng the fuses, he repeatedy and
adamanty dened that he had damaged the car - a car that was regstered n hs
name and carred hs chershed chdren to and from schoo.
On Apr 24, two weeks before he was found dead, the Exporer began actng
strangey. When Rvera pued t nto the oca Aamco Transmsson Center, she
found that t had been tampered wth. "Somebody who knew what they were dong
pued hoses from your car," sad Todd Tayor, the chef mechanc. "I'm sorry to te
ths ma'am, but ths s not |ust somethng you can pu randomy.." Tayor aso
sad he though Rvera's brakes had been tampered wth.
|949|
About two weeks before ths story went to press, the Ford's brakes went out
suddeny whe Rvera was traveng at 40 mph. "I went to brake," sad Rvera, "and
guess what? No brakes!" The arge 4 X 4 sammed nto the back of smaer car,
damagng t bady. "The message s 'we can get to you f we want to,'" she
concuded.
Offcer ||m| Ramsey aso began makng hs presence fet. "A of the sudden, when
we moved to Okahoma Cty |from E Reno|," sad |ones, "there was Ramsey. When
we |oned a new church, Ramsey was there. Ramsey was everywhere. You turn the
corner, there was Ramsey.. Everythng we dd, he was ke the hepfu od guy.
Ths went on for two months."
293
"He was keepng tabs on everyone," added Rvera. "He was showng up n a ot of
paces. |ust casuay, n fact, paces where he knew that peope knew me |ust as
we as they knew Terry, and weren't buyng nto the 't's Tona's faut' routne.
"|Ramsey| tred to cam t was hs ex-wfe and ove for hs chdren he coudn't see
that made hm commt sucde," she added. He woud tak to her frends. "'How's
she takng t? What does she thnk, bah, bah, bah.'"
Both Rvera and |ones fee the OCPD offcer was sent to "baby-st" them - to
mantan an ever-present watchfu eye. "|When he showed up|," |ones sad, "I
ooked at hm and sad, that s not a frend of Terry's. He was never at the house. I
never met hm before."
Ramsey, who tod )eo*le magazne that Yeakey was hs "dear frend," aso tod the
press that he was Terry's partner.
"That was a e," decared |ones.
Rvera concurred. The ex-wfe sad that not ony was Ramsey neer Yeakey's
partner, but that the two men ddn't even get aong. "Terry hated |m Ramsey,"
sad Rvera. "He put on a rea good performance," she added. "He's hdng
somethng, I beeve.. It burns me up."
|950|
For hs performance, Ramsey was promoted to Detectve, and made "Offcer of the
Year."
If Terrance Yeakey dd have many frends n the Poce Department, they were
among the beat patromen, not the upper echeon. Whe Detectve Munex sad
everybody "oved Terry," accordng to Rvera, the brass "hated hs guts." "Hm and
|Ma|.| Upchurch had a hate-hate reatonshp," she sad.
For hs part, Munex cams he was "totay unaware" of any probems Yeakey was
havng n regards to what he knew about the bombng. "It s my opnon as a
fourteen-year homcde veteran that t was a sucde," sad Munex.. If we
thought t was anythng |other than a sucde| we woud have pursued t to the
ends of the earth. We're not hdng anythng."
|951|
Reay?
Accordng to Rvera, three government sources, ncudng a U.S. Attorney and a
U.S. Marsha, hod a sghty dfferent vew. As reayed by Rvera, the events on the
mornng of Offcer Yeakey's death transpred as foows:
At 9:00 a.m., Offcer Yeakey was seen extng hs Okahoma Cty apartment wth
nne boxes of vdeos and fes. He then drove to the poce staton where he had a
fght wth hs supervsors.
294
He was tod to "drop t" or he'd "wnd up dead."
Yeakey was aso due for a meetng wth the heads of severa federa agences that
mornng. He apparenty decded to skp the meetngs, nstead, drvng straght to a
storage ocker he mantaned n Kngfsher.
What he ddn't reaze was that the FBI had hm under surveance, and began
pursut. The sx-year OCPD veteran and former Sherff's Deputy easy euded hs
pursuers. Once at hs storage facty, he secured hs fes.
What were n the fes? Accordng to one of Rvera's sources, ncrmnatng photos
and vdeos of the bombed-out budng. Perhaps more.
On the way back, the feds caught up wth hm |ust outsde of E Reno. "He had
nothng on hm," at that pont, sad Rvera, "|ust copes of copes."
Whe t s not known exacty what transpred next, Rvera's confdenta source
"descrbed n ntmate deta," the state of the dead man's car. The seats had been
competey unboted, the foor-boards rpped up, and the sde panes removed, a
n an apparent effort to fnd the ncrmnatng documents.
There were aso burn marks on the foor. Apparenty, the kers had used Yeakey's
car to destroy what tte evdence they had dscovered.
|952|
At approxmatey 6:00 p.m. that evenng, Canadan County Deputy Sherff Mke
Ramsey was crusng the area near the od E Reno reformatory when he notced
an abandoned vehce n a fed. "Immedatey |the| har stood up on the back of
my neck," sad the deputy. Ramsey came upon the empty car whch he
mmedatey recognzed as Yeakey's. There was bood on both seats, and a razor
bade yng on the dash. Yeakey was nowhere to be found.
The deputy mmedatey caed for a homcde nvestgator, and taped off the
scene. It wasn't unt severa hours ater that poce dogs fnay ocated Yeakey's
body n a dtch, a me and-a-haf away.
|953|
Whe t was a macabre scene, the Okahoma Cty Medca Examner's report was
even more gruesome. The report reeased from the Medca Examner descrbed
numerous "superfca" aceratons on the wrsts, arms, throat, and neck, and a
snge buet wound to the rght tempe.
The report aso showed another curous thng. The buet had entered |ust above
and n front of the rght ear, and had exted towards the bottom of the eft ear.
Apparenty, whoever hed the gun hed t at a downward ange. A person shootng
themsef woud tend to hod the gun at an upward ange, or at the most, eve. It
woud rather dffcut for a arge, musce-bound man ke Yeakey to hod a heavy
servce revover or other arge caber weapon at a downward ange to hs head.
(See Appendx)
295
Whe t s true that a sug can ater ts tra|ectory once nsde the sku, a
pathoogst n the San Francsco Medca Examner's offce tod me that a 9mm or
other arge caber weapon - the type commony used by poce offcers - usuay
tends to trave n a straght ne.
But perhaps the most reveang evdence was that the wound dd not have a
"Steat," the te-tae star shape caused by the dsspatng gases from the gun's
muzze. At the cose range of a sucde weapon, such markngs woud ceary be
present, uness of course. the shooter used a sencer.
|954|
Whe Dr. Larry Badng, Okahoma Cty's Chef Medca Examner, qucky rued the
death a "sucde," another Medca Examner's report woud, accordng to Rvera,
surface ke an eere, prescent message from the grave. Ths other report, qucky
redacted and hdden from pubc vew, showed a face that was brused and
swoen; bood on the body and cothes that was not the dead man's bood type;
and mutpe dee* aceratons fed wth grass and drt, as though the body had
been dragged a dstance.
Yet accordng to Rvera, Ma|. Upchurch dened that Yeakey's throat was sashed at
all. She was ater tod by a sympathetc poce dspatcher that hs throat was
ndeed sashed - deepy.
Dr. Larry Badng, who sgned off on the Yeakey report, s adamant. "I can te you
unequvocay and wthout a doubt that there was no other ME report."
Yet whe attendng a soca functon, Rvera cams her sster had a chance
encounter wth the mortcan who worked on Yeakey's body. She was dscussng
the strange nconsstences of hs death wth someone at the party, when the
mortcan, not knowng the woman was Rvera's sster, spoke up. "That sounds |ust
ke a poce offcer we worked on n Okahoma Cty," he sad. When asked f that
man happened to be Terrance Yeakey, the mortcan "freaked."
When pressed, he tod the shocked reatve that the dead man's wrsts contaned
ro*e +urns and handcuff marks. A former FBI agent and poce offcer, the
mortcan sad that Yeakey's aceratons were aready sewn up when the body
arrved from the Medca Examner's offce. Dr. Badng's response to ths was that
the marks were merey "skn sppage," resutng from the natura decomposton of
the body.
Yet stranger st, the body was not supposed to go to ths partcuar funera home
at a, but to one n Watonga. Whe the OCPD was supposed to pay the expenses
of the funera, no funds were ever aocated, accordng to Rvera. "Vck had to pay
off the bura to Russ Worm |Funera Home|. So I wonder f we pad somebody off
to do the |ob."
|955|
Was that |ob to cean up Yeakey so that hs manner of death woudn't appear
suspcous?
296
Ths ncdent s smar to the murder of Presdent Kennedy, whose body was taken
to Bethesda Nava Hospta nstead of beng examned by the Daas Medca
Examner as s standard procedure. Once there, mtary pathoogsts and those
controng them were abe to skew ther fndngs to the satsfacton of the
murderers. The chef pathoogst burned hs notes, and years ater, when
researchers went to examne Kennedy's bran, t was found mssng from the
Natona Archves.
Apparenty, Terrance Yeakey's murderers and those coverng up his death had not
counted on ths partcuar mortcan's testmony.
Was Terrance Yeakey tortured? Was he murdered, then made to ook ke a
sucde? Dd he know somethng he wasn't supposed to know, or was he smpy
despondent over fe's crcumstances?
Sad frend Kmbery Cruz, "I don't beeve he woud have done somethng ke that.
He was aways happy and |okng a ot."
Another frend, Karen Von Tungen, sad, "|Terry and I| taked about a frend n hgh
schoo. who had commtted sucde, and how stupd and sefsh he was for havng
done so.. 'I |ust can't understand t man,' sad Terry. 'It makes no sense to
me.'"
|956|
If the offcer was bent on takng hs fe, t woud appear strange, snce he had
spent most of the prevous month takng entrance exams for the FBI. Yeakey and
best frend Barry McCrary were ookng forward to becomng FBI agents. Perhaps f
he had known the roe that the FBI payed n the bombng, perhaps even n hs own
death, he woud have changed careers.
Lke Dr. Don Chumey, Terrance Yeakey was one of the frst rescuers n the Murrah
Budng on Apr 19. Had he seen somethng he wasn't supposed to see? Had he
heard somethng he wasn't supposed to hear?
One afternoon, whe the famy was at Poce Headquarters, an offcer who Rvera
descrbed as Yeakey's "ony true frend," pued them off to the sde, and whspered
"They ked hm."
|957|
Lke Terrance Yeakey, the press camed that Dr. Don Chumey was saddened and
dsturbed that he hadn't heped more peope that terrbe day. Chumey, who ran
the Broadway Medca Cnc about haf a me from the Federa Budng, was one
of the frst to arrve at the bombng ste on Apr 19. Shaun |ones, Chumey's step-
son, was assstng hm. |ones recaed the scene:
"They had sent us around to the underground parkng garage, where some peope
were trapped. Suddeny, three guys come runnng out of the basement yeng,
'There's a bomb! A bomb! It's gonna' bow!' Everybody pancked and ran
screamng away from the budng as fast as they coud."
297
Chumey, who was workng wth Dr. Ross Harrs, was one of the few doctors who
actuay went nto the Federa Budng, whe the others wated outsde. He had
heped many peope, ncudng seven babes, whom he ater pronounced dead.
Chumey was ked fve months ater when hs Cessna 210 crashed near Amaro,
Texas n what |ones cas "mysterous crcumstances."
"It's a pretty mysterous crcumstance," sad |ones. "There's no apparent reason -
there's nothng we can thnk of."
|ones added that Chumey had been n a mnor wreck durng a andng a year
earer when hs pane became trapped n a vortex caused by a arge |et andng
nearby. The sma pane was forced nto a snow bank causng some damage to ts
eft wng tp. The damage had been repared.
Woud ths contradct |ones' hypothess?
"We, from takng to pots I that know, they say that can't cause a pane to crash.
I mean, as good a pot as he s, that's not gong to cause hs pane to go straght
down nto the ground.
Another pot sad, 'that's |ust ke a car that's out of agnment - t happens a the
tme - t's |ust somethng you earn to fy wth.' The pane had been fown severa
tmes snce that."
Accordng to reports n The "aily Oklahoman, Chumey, who was on a huntng trp
that weekend, had twce anded earer - on Frday, due to bad weather
condtons. The crash occurred three days ater, on a Monday.
"The thng that's odd to me s that Don was perfecty heathy," sad |ones. "He was
takng to the tower, and from one mnute to the next he |ust went straght smack
down nto the ground."
|958|
Investgators sad they coud fnd no evdence of an exposon at the macabre
scene. Chumey's throtte was st set at cruse, and hs gear and faps were up.
The FAA nspector stated there were "no anomaes wth the engne or the
arframe," and "pathoogca examnaton of the pot dd not show any preexstng
condton that coud have contrbuted to the accdent."
|959|
"To me t's unusua because I know he was a good pot," added |ones. "Everythng
was fne, he was n the ar for 15 mnutes, he was cmbng, he had |ust asked
permsson to go from sx to seven thousand feet. They tracked hm on the screen
at 6,900 feet, and the radar techncan sad he saw hm on the radar, then he
ooked back and he was gone, and the pane came straght, straght down. I mean,
no attempt to and. nothng, |ust straght down."
Chumey's huntng partner |oey Chef sad n an ntervew n The "aily Oklahoman7
298
"He was the knd of guy who dd everythng rght, aways. He was very cautous,
very professona," Chef sad, addng |that| Chumey's pane was equpped wth
extra safety nstruments.
Mke Evett, a Federa Pubc Defender, had known Don Chumey for over twenty
years. "I woud never get nto an arpane wth anybody I ddn't know," sad Evett,
"and I woud never be afrad to fy wth Don. For the fe of me, ths doesn't st rght
wth me."
|960|
Yet Cnt Boeher, a former FAA nspector, dscounts that noton. "That was an
accdent watng to happen," sad Boeher. "He ddn't have an nstrument ratng,
and he went out nto adverse condtons. One of the cassc symptoms of what's
caed sta-spn accdents, s peope who are n mted vsbty or fu IFR, meanng
they can't see the propeer n front of ther face. And, they're not current or
traned or n some way up to speed on ther operaton. And they' get nto some
partcuar mode of fght, partcuary a cmb, and ther body and mnd tes them
ther not dong what ther nstruments say they're dong, and they tend to react to
that. And the resuts s sometme they sta the arpane, and not necessary spn
t, but what t then does s t ros over to one sde and begns a very tght, steep
spra that s ganng speed a the way down. And f they ever do come out of the
couds or obscuraton or whatever t s, often they see the ground at ow attude
and they pu back on the whee and overstress the arpane as t hts the ground.
And ths s not an uncommon thng. Its caed spata dsorentaton foowed by the
graveyard spra. And I can cte numerous exampes of that. There was a oca doc
here went out west some tme ago - went out n a 210 - and had the same
scenaro exacty."
|961|
Yet Boeher s ncorrect. The doctor dd n fact have an nstrument ratng, and was
an experenced pot, havng ogged over 600 hours of fyng tme.
Dd Dr. Don Chumey crash on the evenng of September 25th due to bad weather?
Dd he commt sucde due to hs gref over what he saw on the mornng of Apr
19th. Or was Don Chumey murdered?
The "aily Oklahoman artce descrbed how he had cred n front of hs frend |m
Tayor on the day of the bombng, after taggng seven babes, and was not
satsfed he had done a he coud, even after hepng to organze a fund-raser for
the vctms.
It was aso rumored that Chumey was about to go pubc wth some damnng
nformaton. Accordng to a oca |ournast who has nvestgated the bombng,
Chumey was asked to bandage two federa agents who fasey camed to have
been trapped n the budng mornng. Snce the par was obvousy not hurt,
Chumey refused. When the agents pettoned another doctor at the scene,
Chumey ntervened, threatenng to report them.
299
Chumey's crash s remnscent of that of Dr. Ronad Rogers, whose pane went
down on March 3, 1994 near Lawson, Okahoma n good weather. Cnton's former
dentst, Rogers was on hs way to be ntervewed by Ambrose Evans-Prtchard of
the 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h, where he ntended to revea evdence of Cnton's
aeged cocane use.
He never made t.
Lke Rogers, Hershe Frday, a "top-notch pot," ded n the crash of hs sma pane
ony two days earer durng a ght drzze at hs prvate arstrp. Frday had been a
member of Cnton's presdenta campagn fnance commttee, and was a cose
assocate of C. Vctor Raser, another member of Cnton's presdenta campagn,
who ded n a suspcous pane crash two years earer.
|962|
In fact, the st of those who had potentay damnng evdence on everythng from
the Kennedy assassnaton to Cnton's mpropretes s a ong one and sordd one,
stretchng to hundreds of names and spannng at east three decades.
A few years after the Kennedy assassnaton, a dsgrunted CIA offca was on hs
way to Chcago to nform a |ournast of the CIA's compcty n the murder. Hs
pane expoded and fe nto Lake Mchgan.
Another we-known crash was that of Gary Carador, a prvate nvestgator who
was hot on the tra of a pedophe rng beng run by Larry Kng and other
promnent busnessmen and potcans n Omaha, Nebraska.
Carador and hs eght-year-od son Andrew ded when ther pane crashed n |uy of
1990. Carador radoed that hs compass was swngng wdy |ust before he went
down. Moments ater, the pane went nto a steep dve from whch t never
recovered.
|963|
What s nterestng s that ony severa days earer, the courageous nvestgator
had nformed a frend that he had obtaned evdence whch threatened to break
the case wde open. Among those mpcated n the chd pornography rng was
none other than George Bush.
Lke Carador, Rogers, and numerous other whste-bowers, Don Chumey had
evdenty earned of the government's hasty panned cover-up surroundng the
Okahoma Cty bombng.
Had he, ke so many others, made the fatefu decson to go pubc?
Genn Wburn, who ost hs grandsons Chase and Coton n the bombng, was one
of the very frst to go pubc. A staunch opponent of the government's case,
Wburn had teamed up wth reporter |.D. Cash and State Representatve Chares
Key to nvestgate the crme.
300
Key and Wburn pettoned for the County Grand |ury nvestgaton. Wburn
worked treessy to nvestgate the truth about what reay happened that fatefu
mornng, and hs evdence was provng more and more embarrassng to
authortes.
About a year after he began hs nvestgaton, Wburn, 46, came down wth a
sudden case of pancreatc cancer. Intay recoverng after surgery, he ded on |uy
15, 1997, the day after the County Grand |ury whch he convened began hearng
evdence.
Three weeks ater, on August 5, Assstant U.S. Attorney Ted Rchardson was found
n a church parkng ot wth a shotgun wound to the chest. The Medca Examner's
report stated: "No powder resdue s apparent, ether on the externa aspect of the
wound or n the shrt." An nterestng observaton consderng Rchardson had
aegedy pushed a shotgun up to hs chest and pued the trgger.
|964|
The death was rued a "sucde."
|965|
Yet the crcumstances seemed to concur. Rchardson had been depressed. He had
been seeng a psychatrst and was on Prozac. He once tod a huntng buddy he
"fet ke endng t a."
|966|
One sunny mornng, Rchardson rose, fed hs two dogs, got n hs car, drove to a
church near hs house, pued out a shotgun and shot hmsef through the heart.
He eft no note.
Was Ted Rchardson depressed enough to k hmsef? And f so, why? The 49-year-
od father of two had a happy marrage, and adored hs 8-year-od son.
The two weeks he took off of work due to unexpaned "pressures" may provde a
cue. Rchardson was the bombng and arson specast for the Western Dstrct of
Okahoma. He was nexpcaby transferred to the bank robbery deta after the
bombng - an area n whch he had no expertse. As hs brother Dan expaned,
"Ted shoud have gotten the bombng case."
|967|*
Instead, the case was gven to |oseph Hartzer.
Frends descrbed Rchardson as "one of the few good guys," and a man wth a
"strong sense of conscous."
|968|
It s uncertan f the same can be sad of Hartzer.
Gven the Federa Government's conduct n ths case, such abes mght tend to
render a man such as Rchardson a pranha.
Interestngy, Rchardson was the U.S. Attorney who prosecuted Sam Khad n
1990 for nsurance fraud. It was rumored that he was ookng nto Khad's
suspcous actvtes subsequent to the bombng, and was about to brng charges.
301
He decded to k hmsef nstead.
Is t a concdence these ndvduas, who had wtnessed events on Apr 19, or had
been voca opponents of the government's case, had ded?
"Out of roughy 5,000 of us who were orgnay nvoved n Iran-Contra," sad A
Martn, "approxmatey 400, snce 1986, have commtted sucde, ded accdentay
or ded of natura causes. In over haf those deaths, offca death certfcates were
never ssued. In 187 crcumstances, the bodes were cremated before the fames
were notfed."
|969|
Crag Roberts and |ohn Armstrong, who nvestgated a smar spate of suspcous
deaths for ther book, JF47 The "ead Witnesses, reveaed that most of the deaths
peaked n the months eadng up to one of the nvestgatons, wth the deaths often
comng days or even hours before the person was supposed to testfy.
In the three years foowng the Kennedy assassnaton, 18 matera wtnesses
pershed. In the tme perod eadng up to 1979, when the ast of the Kennedy
nvestgatons ended, over 100 wtnesses had ded. Interestngy, most of the
deaths concded wth one of the four man nvestgatons: The Warren Commsson
(1964-65); the |m Garrson nvestgaton (1965-69); the Senate Commttee
nvestgaton (1974-76); and the House Commttee on Assassnatons nvestgaton
(1976-79).
Naturay, the CIA had an answer for these mysterous deaths. In a 1967
departmenta memo, a CIA offcer wrote:
Such vague accusatons as that more than 10 peope have ded mysterousy can
aways be expaned n some ratona way: e.g., the ndvduas concerned have for
the most part ded of natura causes; the |Warren| Commsson staff questoned
418 wtnesses - the FBI ntervewed far more peope, conductng 25,000
ntervews and re ntervews - and n such a arge group, a certan number of
deaths are to be expected.
Yet Roberts and Armstrong correcty note that f the CIA were not nvoved n any
of the deaths, why was such a memo dssemnated?
Then, to add further fue to the fre, CIA techncans testfed before the Senate
Commttee (Church Commttee) n 1975 that a varety of Termnaton wth Extreme
Pre|udce |TWEP| weapons had been used throughout the years, and many were
chosen because they eft no postmortem resdue.
In one partcuar memo, the author states:
You w reca that I mentoned that the oca crcumstances under whch a gven
means mght be used mght suggest the technque to be used n that case. I thnk
the gross dvsons n presentng ths sub|ect mght be:
302
(1) bodes eft wth no hope of the cause of death beng determned by the most
compete autopsy and chemca examnaton;
(2) bodes eft n such crcumstances as to smuate accdenta death;
(3) bodes eft n such crcumstances as to smuate accdenta death;
(4) bodes eft wth resdue that smuate those caused by natura death.
Regardng deaths that coud be smuated to appear as "natura causes," the
varous assassnaton experts wthn the ntegence communtes of the word
knew qute we of the effects of such chemca agents as sodum morphate, whch
caused heart attacks; thyon phosphate, whch s a souton that can suspend
sodum morphate and provde a vehce to penetrate the surface of the skn wth
the chemca (whch s used to coat somethng the vctm mght touch); and
beryum, whch s an extremey toxc eement that causes cancer and fbrotc
tumors.
|970|
As the daughter of a CIA contract agent who worked wth Over North tod me:
"They emnated my father, and I know what they do n the Agency. I know how
they work as far as the Mafa goes.. They have no scrupes. And they don't go by
any aw but ther own. There s no conscous to these peope; the end |ustfes the
means.. They w shut anybody up that they possby can. They're amazng. And
they w go through anythng to make you ook crazy, to make you appear to be a
ar..
"And they go nto these operatons, and they run amok. They run amok. And then
when t gets carred away or there's a eak, here comes the damage contro, and
you have to make everybody ese appear ke they're crazy. I mean peope out
there drop ke fes. How many peope can commt sucde for God's sake. How
many peope can be handcuffed behnd ther back, and they can ca t sucde
because they were shot n the head?"
|971|
Tip of the ;ceberg
.Justice can kill or thwart any inesti%ation at will/ and it does so on a re%ular
+asis0. - Former 20S0 Senate inesti%ator
.GJusticeH has +een en%a%ed in shar* *ractices since the earliest days and remains
a fecund source of o**ression and corru*tion today0 (t is hard to recall an
administration in which it was not the center of %rae scandal.
- )u+lisher and scholar 8030 Mencken
303
As an experenced nvestgator once sad, "A cover-up often proves the crme, and
fts the denttes of the perpetrators nto reef."
In ths case, those coverng up the Okahoma Cty bombng appeared to be the
Federa Government tsef. Law-enforcement offcas, ncudng those at the oca
eve, ed about ther foreknowedge of the attack. They rushed to destroy a
forensc evdence of the ste. They gnored dozens of credbe wtnesses and
ntmdated others. They organzed a meda smear campagn aganst anyone who
threatened to revea the truth. And they murdered those wth crtca knowedge of
the facts who had tred to come forward.
|972|
Ironcay, the etters "FBI" stand for "Fdety, Bravery, and Integrty." A more
approprate defnton mght be "Federa Bureau of Intmdaton." As w be outned
n Voume Two, the FBI s guty of an whoe tany of crmes, rangng from
obstructon of |ustce to outrght murder.
It mght be nterestng to note that the FBI's current drector, Lous Freeh, rose to
hs poston on the vctory of the Leroy Moody case. Freeh's chef wtness, Ted
Banks, ater tod an appeas court that Freeh threatened hm nto testfyng aganst
Moody. Banks was subsequenty sentenced to 44 months n prson for "per|ury."
For hs part, Freeh was promoted to FBI Drector, where he drew around hm such
fgures as Tom Thurman, Roger Martz, and Larry Potts, who ed the murderous
debaces at Waco and Ruby Rdge.
Freeh paced Potts n charge of the "nvestgaton" n Okahoma Cty.
|973|
Overseeng the FBI s the Department of |ustce (Do|), undoubtedy the most
msnamed federa agency ever created. Whe purportng to be a aw-enforcement
body ndependent of the egsatve and executve branches, n reaty t s tte
more than a potca too utzed by corrupt eaders to cover up hgh crmes and
ntmdate and mprson whste-bowers.
|974|
|anet Reno, the current Attorney Genera, rose to her poston on a wave of hghy
dubous chd abuse cases, where the ony abuse, t appeared, was fostered by
Reno hersef.
In 1984, Reno, then Dade County Dstrct Attorney, prosecuted Ieana Fuster, a 17-
year-od newywed who heped her husband Frank by operatng a day-care out of
ther home. To ct the requred confesson from Ieana, Reno had her ocked
away n a sotary confnment. Stephen Dnersten, a prvate nvestgator empoyed
by the Fuster's attorneys wrote n hs report that the formery brght, attractve 17-
year-od:
.appeared as f she was 50 years od. Her skn was drawn from a arge oss of
weght.. She had sores and nfectons on her skn and states that no santary
condtons exst or are provded, that the shower, when receved, s a hosng down
304
n the ce. That she s n a ce wth nothng n t but a ght n the ceng and that
she s often kept nude and n vew of everybody and anybody." |Dnersten aso
noted that Ieana had become| a constanty cryng, shakng, tormented person who
understands tte f anythng about the whoe process and s now beng threatened
and promsed and s totay n a state of confuson to the pont of not havng the
sghtest dea as to month and date.. Mrs. Fuster's condton has deterorated so
bady she coud hardy move and was very sow to respond to any questons. When
asked f Mr. Van Zamft (her attorney) was present, she coud not even reca, but
sad smpy that the woman State Attorney (Reno) was very bg and very scary and
made suggestons as to probems that woud arse f she ddn't cooperate.
After amost a year kept n ths deporabe condton, ncudng vsts by Reno to
coerce her, and vsts by psychatrsts to get her to confess, Ieana cracked,
"confessng" to a whoe egon of magnary acts.
After servng three out of a ten year sentence, she was deported to Honduras,
where her mnd now cear, she mmedatey recanted her confesson.
Ony days before she was schedued to retestfy va satete (the DA's offce
threatened to charge her wth "per|ury" f she returned), she retracted her
retracton n a etter to the Miami 8erald. Rosentha beeves she was threatened.
|975||976|
Severa weeks after |anet Reno was sworn n as Attorney Genera, she authorzed a
pan to food the church at Waco (contanng women and chdren) wth tear gas
and ram t wth batte tanks, based on aegatons of "chd abuse."
A 1988 Amnesty Internatona report camed that "CS gas contrbuted to or caused
the deaths of more than 40 Paestnans - ncudng 18 babes under 6 months of
age - who had been exposed to tear gas n encosed spaces."
|977|*
Reno's atest
attempt to "save the chdren" resuted n the deaths of 86 peope, ncudng 25
chdren.
As for the aegatons of chd abuse, both the County Sherff and the Texas Wefare
Department, who were two of the frst to ntervew Davdan chdren, ndcated
that there was no sgns of abuse. The FBI ater acknowedged ther own reports to
be fase.
|978|
Representatve |ames Trafcant (D-OH) summed up the stuaton at "|ustce" when
he wrote to members of Congress on Apr 15, 1997:
There have been numerous case of prosecutora msconduct, fraud and outrght
murder on the part of |ustce Department personne that have gone argey
unpunshed. The Amercan peope expect the |ustce Department, more than any
other federa agency, to be beyond reproach when t comes to ethcs and
responsbe behavor. Somethng s serousy wrong n our democracy f crmna
305
and unethca behavor at the naton's top aw enforcement agency goes
unpunshed.
|979|*
The crmes Trafcant's speakng of are egon. The scandas covered up by corrupt
Do| offcas are endess. The cases of ndvduas who have been snged out for
prosecuton by the so-caed "|ustce" Department woud f voumes.
Probaby the most nfamous case of Do| corrupton n modern hstory s the Insaw
affar, where Do| offcas conspred to stea software from the sma computer
company, defraud them out of payments, then force them nto bankruptcy. The
Insaw case provdes a perfect exampe of how the Do| reguary es, destroys
evdence, seectvey prosecutes peope, obstructs Congressona nvestgatons,
and murders those who threaten to revea ther wrongdong.
In 1982, the Do| sgned a $10 mon contract wth Insaw to nsta an enhanced
verson of ther PROMIS (Prosecutors Management Informaton System) software n
42 U.S. Attorneys offces. Insaw competed the pro|ect, but was never pad for
ther servces. Heavy n debt, they had no choce but to fe for bankruptcy.
It seemed that a rva frm named Hadron, had attempted to purchase PROMIS
from Insaw. "We have ways of makng you se," sad CEO Domnc Lat, who
warned Insaw owner B Hamton that Hadron was connected to Attorney Genera
Edwn Meese. Both Meese and hs cose frend, Ear Bran, had fnanca nterests n
Hadron.
After the Do| refused to pay Insaw, Meese handed the software over to hs crony
Bran, who had CIA contract agent Mchae Rconoscuto reconfgure the program
wth a speca "trap door," aowng U.S. ntegence agences to montor and
manpuate accounts of banks and ntegence agences who subsequenty
purchased the program. The profts, of course, went to Bran and hs crones at the
Do|.
|980|
When Insaw attempted to sue the Do|, ther attorney was threatened and
dsmssed from hs frm.
|981|
In spte of the stonewang and harassment, Insaw
eventuay won ther case. |udge George Bason, rung n favor of the company,
wrote:
|Do| offcas| took, converted, stoe, |the pantff's property| by trckery, fraud and
decet. |They made| an nsttutona decson. at the hghest eve smpy to gnore
serous questons of ethca mproprety, made repeatedy by persons of
unquestoned probty and ntegrty, and ths faure consttutes bad fath,
vexatosness, |a| frauduent game of cat and mouse, demonstratng contempt for
both the aw and any prncpe of far deang.
|982|
After |udge Bason ordered the Do| to pay Insaw $6.8 mon n censng fees and
roughy another $1 mon n ega fees, he suddeny dscovered that he was not
beng reapponted to the bench.
|983|
306
The Senate Permanent Subcommttee on Investgatons, chared by Senator Sam
Nunn, agreed whoeheartedy wth |udge Bason. Yet the commttee's efforts to
probe the Insaw scanda were bocked by the Do|, who refused to aow ther
personne to testfy under oath. The Senate report stated that t had found
empoyees "who desred to speak to the subcommttee, but who chose not to, out
of fear for ther |obs."
|984|
Sad a former Congressona nvestgator who deat wth the |ustce Department for
15 years, "I've got to te you, the bottom ne s that the Do| as presenty
consttuted s a totay dshonest organzaton, rdded wth potca fxes. They
know how to wrte the memo, how to make the phone ca, how to deny access to
Congress. The game over there s fxed."
The stonewang by the Do| durng the Insaw nvestgatons paraeed that of the
Okahoma Cty bombng, where defense attorneys encountered contnuous denas
n ther requests for dscovery. The stonewang of the Insaw nvestgaton, stated
the Congressona report, ncuded, "restrctons, deays, and outrght denas to
requests for nformaton. obstructed access to records and wtnesses, |and| the
"ega shreddng of documents."
Yet the commttee dd nothng to punsh those responsbe, merey recommendng
that the Do| request the Court of Appeas to appont an "ndependent" prosecutor.
Whe Attorney Genera Wam Barr ntay refused, he eventuay succumbed to
meda pressure, appontng one of hs od Do| crones, Nchoas Bua, to
"nvestgate" the matter. Bua mpaneed a Federa Grand |ury. But, as n the
Okahoma Cty case, the prosecutng attorney, Bua's aw partner Chares Knght,
manpuated and controed the wtnesses. When the |ury began gvng credence to
the aegatons aganst Do|, Bua qucky dsmssed the |ury and mpaneed another
one.
|985|
Not surprsngy, one of Bua's chef nvestgators was none other than |oseph
Hartzer. In a etter Hartzer wrote to Assstant Assocate Attorney Genera |ohn
Dwre n October of 1994, the nobe government prosecutor states:
I appaud your efforts and especay your concusons. To paraphrase Theodore
Roosevet, we spent ourseves on a worthy cause..
|986|
Hartzer's next "worthy cause" woud be to serve as ead prosecutor n the
Okahoma Cty bombng case, assstng the Do| n one of the argest cover-ups of
the 20th Century.
"I don't understand where they found hm or why they chose hm," says Mchae
Deutsch, who as an attorney n Chcago defended a Puerto Rcan terrorst n a
1985 bombng case prosecuted by Hartzer, a successfu prosecuton that s often
cted as one of the reasons Hartzer got the Okahoma Cty |ob..
|987|
307
Deutsch s referrng to the prosecuton of four Las Fuerzas Armadas de Lberacon
Natona Puertorrqueo (FALN) members, a Puerto Rcan natonast group whch the
government camed was responsbe for more than 100 bombngs or attempted
bombngs snce 1970. The defense of the FALN paraeed that of the Okahoma
Cty bombng defendants, wth cruca evdence beng wthhed - evdence that
woud have mpcated the FBI and ATF n COINTELPRO-stye ega actvtes
drected aganst the Chcano and Puerto Rcan Movements. The |udge n the FALN
case, Federa Dstrct |udge George Leghton, has reported connectons to the CIA.
|988|
Yet Hartzer camed he vounteered for the roe of ead prosecutor. Whether or not
that s true, Hartzer, a wheechar-bound mutpe sceross vctm, s the perfect
choce - a man abe to pander to the sympathes of a |ury aready overwhemed
by mages of dead and handcapped vctms. Ths astute observaton was made
obvous by none other than Newsweek, whch wrote: "Some suggested that a
wheechar-bound prosecutor woud appea to a |ury n a case wth so many
mamed vctms.."
|989|
As the 3e%al Times observed:
Havng a ead prosecutor who maneuvers around the courtroom n a motorzed
scooter, some say, s a good tactc for ganng sympathy wth a |ury - especay n
a case where more than 500 peope were n|ured.
|990|
"Others saw a maeabe personaty easy mcromanaged by superors n
Washngton," added Newsweek. A rather candd observaton n a case where
"mcromanagng" s key.
"I don't thnk that |oe s n charge of the prosecuton team," sad Stephen |ones.
"The shots are caed by |Deputy Attorney Genera| |ame Goreck and |her top
ade| Merrck Garand."
|ustce Department offcas scoff at such a noton, pontng out that they are too
far away and too busy to mcro-manage the tra team. Hartzer, they say, s frmy
n charge..
|991|
Interestngy, Hartzer was chef of both the cv and crmna dvson of the
Chcago U.S. Attorney's offce durng hs 10-year term, a |ursdcton not unknown
for ts share of corrupton-rdden scandas.
Hs assstant, Scott Mendeoff, was accused by Sherman Skonck of the Chcago-
based Ctzens' Commttee to Cean Up the Courts of coverng up the murder of
Waace Leberman, a Chcago Federa Bankruptcy Court offca ready to fnger
severa |udges for brbery.
"The assassnaton of Leberman, as Mendeoff knew, was ted to the corrupt
actvtes of Frst Natona Bank of Ccero, a Mafa/CIA aundry," wrtes Skonck.
|992|
308
Naturay, Hartzer doesn't see any corrupton n Okahoma. "I am 100 percent
confdent that when ths case s resoved, everyone w thnk that compete and
far due process was obtaned by the defendants," Hartzer tod the American $ar
Association Journal.
To factate ths "compete and far due process," the Do| transferred Assstant U.S.
Attorney Ted Rchardson from hs poston as chef bombng and arson prosecutor
for the Western Dstrct of Okahoma to the bank robbery deta (where he had no
experence). As prevousy noted, Rchardson was the U.S. Attorney who
prosecuted Sam Khad for nsurance fraud. It was rumored that Rchardson, who
frends cam had a "very strong sense of conscous," was ookng nto Khad's
subsequent actvtes. On August 5, 1997, Rchardson "commtted sucde."
|993|
As prevousy noted, the number of suspcous deaths skyrocketed n the 1980s, as
the government attempted to cover up an ncreasng pattern of frauduent and
ega actvtes.
Even reporters weren't exempt from the Do| ht-st. On August 10, 1991 reporter
Danny Casoaro, who had been nvestgatng the Insaw scanda and a reated web
of corrupton he caed "The Octopus," was found dead n hs Martnsburg, West
Vrgna hote room. Casoaro was there to meet wth a wtness who was supposed
to provde the key nk between the Do| and Insaw.
Lke Sergeant Yeakey, Casoaro's wrsts were sashed numerous tmes. Lke
Yeakey, hs notes and brefcase were mssng. And ke Yeakey, the death was
mmedatey rued a sucde by poce, who made no attempt to contact Casoaro's
famy before orderng an mmedate and unprecedented embamng of the body. A
team of contract ceaners was brought n to scour cean the hote room from top to
bottom, emnatng a forensc evdence.
The death of Casoaro ed to an nvestgaton by the Congressona Subcommttee
on Economc and Commerca Law, headed by Representatve |ack Brooks (D-
Texas). The report stated:
Instead of conductng an nvestgaton nto Insaw's cams that crmna
wrongdong by hgh eve government offcas had occurred, Attorney Generas
Meese and Thornbugh bocked or restrcted Congressona nqures nto the matter,
gnored the fndngs of two courts and refused to ask for the appontment of an
ndependent counse. These actons were taken n the face of a growng body of
evdence that serous wrongdong had occurred whch reached to the hghest
eves of the Department. The evdence receved by the commttee durng ts
nvestgaton ceary rases serous concerns about the possbty that a hgh eve
conspracy aganst Insaw dd exst and that great efforts have been expended by
the Department to bock any outsde nvestgaton nto the matter.
309
The Do| aso prosecuted a key wtness n the Insaw case, Mchae Rconoscuto,
who was set up on phony drug charges to prevent hm from testfyng. The
Congressona commttee probng the matter noted:
|A DEA agent| reassgnment n 1990 to a DEA ntegence poston n the State of
Washngton, pror to Mchae Rconoscuto's March 1991 arrest there on drug
charges, was more than concdenta. The agent was assgned to Rconoscuto's
home state to manufacture a case aganst hm. Mr. Coeman stated he beeves
ths was done to prevent Mr. Rconoscuto from becomng a credbe wtness
concernng the U.S. government's covert sae of PROMIS to foregn governments.
|994|
Another exampe of seectve prosecuton on behaf of Do| s |uva Avv, owner of
the nvestgatve frm Interfor. A former Israe ntegence agent, Avv was hred to
ook nto the 1988 bombng of Pan Am fght 103 over Lockerbe, Scotand. Hs
report was drecty at odds wth the government's "offca" concusons - that two
Lbyan terrorsts were responsbe for the bombng. Avv dscovered that not ony
had U.S. offcas been specfcay warned of the ensung attack, but may have had
drect compcty n the murder of 270 peope.
For hs embarrassng dscosures, Avv was targeted for prosecuton, and
nvestgated by the very same FBI agents who "nvestgated" the Pan Am case. To
punsh Avv, Do| fabrcated evdence that Interfor had defrauded G.E. Capta
Corporaton, a cent who was competey satsfed wth Interfor's work, and hadn't
even fed a compant aganst the frm.
Nevertheess, n 1995, the Do| ndcted Avv on three counts of defraudng G.E. -
charges for whch he was unanmousy acqutted. In hs rung opnon, the |udge
wrote:
The chronoogy of the nvestgaton, the fact that t s resutng from no externa
compant whatsoever but smpy nternay wthn the FBI as far as any wtness has
testfed, eads to an nference that t was generated from some other sources, and
the ony source n the record so far for whch any such purpose coud be ascrbed
s the report n the other case, n the Lockerbe case.
Yet Do| wasn't fnshed wth Avv. They canceed ther contract wth Interfor and
began a systematc campagn to ntmdate hs cents. Interfor was fnancay
devastated. The U.S. government, through the Do|, beeved that by ntmdatng
peope such as |uva Avv, they coud prevent pubc knowedge of ther compcty
n the murder of 270 nnocent peope.
As n Okahoma Cty, wtnesses who knew too much about Pan Am 103, or those
who possessed potcay nconvenent facts, were ntmdated. Fve years on,
vounteers and pocemen who partcpated n the search remaned recactrant -
most so those who had searched the area where the heron was found.
310
The "|ustce" Department aso brutay attacked Pan Am's awyers, attemptng to
sancton them wth huge fnes for darng to chaenge the government's case.
The government went after Aan Francovtch, producer of the award-wnnng
documentary on Pan Am 103, The Maltese "ou+le !ross, whch was due to
premere at the 1994 London Fm Festva. Strangey, for the frst tme n ts 38
year hstory, the festva pued the fm at the ast mnute.
|995|
Suspcousy, a few weeks after the fm prevewed at London's aternatve Ange
Gaery, t suffered a ma|or fre.
One day before the fm was to ar on Channe 4, both the Scottsh Crown Offce
and the U.S. Embassy sent every natona and Scottsh newspaper a press pack
smearng four of the fm's ntervewers.
|996|
Wthn days of fm beng broadcast, |uva Avv was ndcted on fraud charges. Hs
attorney, Gerad Sharge, apped for a dsmssa on the grounds of seectve
prosecuton. Even the |udge was forced to condemn the prosecuton's arguments
as "pathetc" and "dshonest."
|997|
Aan Francovtch wasn't so ucky. Wthn mnutes of arrvng n the Unted States to
testfy at Avv's tra, he was detaned by Customs agents n a prvate nterrogaton
room, and dropped dead on the spot. A evdence and documents n Francovtch's
bref case were found "mssng" from the scene. Francovtch had been workng on
three other documentares at the tme, ncudng a devestatng expos of the U.S.
atroctes n Panama.
For hs roe n reveang the truth, former DIA agent Lester Coeman woud be
arrested on fabrcated passport charges and forced to seek asyum wth hs famy
n Sweden.
In Okahoma, ATF nformant Caro Howe woud be arrested on trumped up charges
and forced to take refuge nsde a |a ce, her testmony of the bombng bocked
from even her own tra.
|998|
Whe reporter Danny Casoaro was murdered nvestgatng matters reated to
Insaw and BCCI, he was aso checkng on a ead provded to hm by Lester
Coeman.
Curousy, Pan Am has never been abe to revew those documents whch the
government cams woud merey show ts "nnocence." Lke so many other henous
crmes, the government sought to hde ts wrongdong under the catch-a of
"natona securty." The government, camng t had nothng to hde, conspred
wth Federa |udge Thomas Patt to deny Pan Am's dscovery requests on the
grounds of "natona securty." As Pan Am's awyer, |ames Shaughnessy, wrote n
opposton to the government's moton to dsmss the company's thrd party
abty sut:
311
The government has fought strenuousy and successfuy for three years to prevent
any dscovery of t.. Now, the government seeks mons of doars of sanctons to
punsh and bankrupt my frm and me for havng the temerty not ony to assert
cams aganst the government but aso for even seekng dscovery from the
government..
The government condemns as sanctonabe any vew of the facts that dffers from
ts own. In effect, what the government condemns s defendants' refusa to bndy
adopt ts verson of the facts despte the government's refusa to produce the
evdence from whch defendants coud have determned whether the government's
verson of the facts was correct..
The government expects ths bnd trust even though we had nformaton from
mutpe sources that confcted wth the government's sweepng assertons and
that suggested the government was responsbe for the faure to prevent the
bombng..
Seven years ater, the Do| and FBI woud ask the vctms n Okahoma Cty for ths
same bnd trust - yng about ther pror knowedge of the attack. Lyng about the
number of bombs found. Lyng about the APB put out on the brown pck-up. Lyng
about the presence of other suspects. Ignorng wtnesses who saw those suspects
and tryng to get them to change ther stores. Tappng peope's phones and
exhortng them nto not takng to the press and defense nvestgators. And
ntmdatng severa wtnesses nto sence.
In ther attempt to frame ATF nformant Caro Howe on phony exposves charges,
the government was unsuccessfu. In hs cosng argument, Howe's attorney Cark
Brewster waved hs arms and passonatey announced to the |ury, "there was no
bomb threat here, the ony threat here s what the government can do to peope
when they don't ke what you say or what you mght say.."
Howe was acqutted.
Many others woudn't be so fortunate.
"
The Connection
.(t1s a total cons*iracy0 (t has %oernment written all oer it0.
- Tom Posey, Cvan Mtary Assstance Group/Iran-Contra Payer
312
Apr 19, 1995 was, ke November 22, 1963, a day that devastated Amerca.
Stunned ctzens everywhere watched anxousy as another panfu drama unfoded
before them.
Wthn mnutes of the bruta attack on Okahoma Cty, an army of agences eapt
nto acton. In the Whte House Stuaton Room the atmosphere was tense as
offcas from the Natona Securty Counc, the Secret Servce, the FBI, ATF, NSA,
and CIA a assembed to bref the Presdent.
Ths crss team, ed by the |ustce Department, nked up to command centers
around the gobe, montored by a pethora of ntegence agences on extra-hgh
aert. The FBI, the CIA's Drectorate of Operatons and ther domestc arm, the
Natona Resources Dvson, sent agents hther and yonder n a frantc and
desperate search for nformaton concernng the catastrophc attack.
In a qute Maryand suburb, one former CIA offca sat back and camy montored
the ensung chaos. He pcked up hs ppe, casuay ad|usted the voume on hs
teevson, and eaned back n hs comfortabe eather char.
Two thousand mes away n Abuquerque, D'Ferdnand Carone, the daughter of
former poce detectve, CIA operatve, and Mafa bag-man, "Bg A" Carone, pcked
up the teephone and daed a very prvate number.
A haf a contnent away, the former CIA Deputy Drector of Covert Operatons
tapped the contents of hs ppe nto an ashtray, ht the mute button on hs remote
contro, and answered the phone.
Carone had been tryng to reach Theodore Shackey for over two weeks. As they
taked, her attenton was suddeny dverted by a horrbe scene. What appeared to
be an offce budng ay smoderng n runs. Peope and srens were screamng n
the background as bodes were carted away by ambuance.
"I sad, 'oh my God, they bombed Okahoma!'
"Ths was about the tme they were takng about the pane they stopped n
Heathrow |wth Abraham Ahmed|, and I sad, 'here we go agan.'
Carone was referrng of course to the Word Trade Center bombng by a group of
Md-East terrorsts. She assumed that ths was more of the same.
"And Ted sad, 'Now woudn't you fnd t nterestng f you found out t was
terrorsts from here?'
"I sad, 'excuse me?'
"And he sad, '|ust what I sad.'
313
"Then t ht me ke a ton of brcks. I got the dstnct feeng that he knew who t
was, and that t actuay had somethng to do wth the Agency."
|999|
Whe scores of ntegence and aw-enforcement agences scoured the gobe for
cues as to who had bombed the Afred P. Murrah Budng, one man n a sma
offce n Maryand seemed to have the answer.
|1000|
How dd he know?
?
.oc$erbie A / +arallel
.The coert o*erators that ( ran with would +low u* a I?I with E;; *eo*le to kill
one *erson0 They are total socio*aths with no conscience whatsoeer0.
- Former Pentagon CID Investgator Gene Wheaton
On December 21, 1988, n the tny town of Lockerbe, Scotand, 270 ves came to
a traumatc and fery end when Pan Am fght 103 was bown out of the skes. Two
hundred and ffty-nne peope punged to ther deaths, and 11 more ded on the
ground.
Severa mnutes before fght 103 took off from London's Heathrow arport, FBI
Assstant Drector Over "Buck" Reve rushed out to the tarmac and pued hs son
and daughter-n-aw off the pane.
|1001|
How dd he know?
Perhaps Reve's ntmate knowedge derved from hs reatonshp wth Lt. Coone
Over North. In March of 1986, North advsed Attorney Genera Edwn Meese to
head off the FBI's ensung nvestgaton nto Iran-Contra. Meese nformed Reve.
Consequenty, North managed to keep abreast of the FBI's nvestgaton by
convenenty recevng copes of a FBI fes.
|1002|
Wdey known for hs nestmabe and ega support of the Contras, North (aong
wth Genera Rchard Secord and Iranan Abert Hakm) was a busness assocate of
Syran arms and drug runner Monzer a-Kassar. For hs roe n shppng Posh arms
to North's mercenary army, a-Kassar became the recpent of North's undyng
grattude |and aundered drug proceeds|.
|1003|
Lke so many crmnas, drug-deaers, and mass-murderers the CIA had cozed up
to over the years, a-Kassar en|oyed the hghy vaued status of CIA "asset."
314
A-Kassar was aso cosey agned wth Rfat Assad, brother of Syran dctator Hafez
Assad. Assad's daughter Ra|a was Kassar's mstress, and had once been marred to
Abu Abbas, a coeague of the notorous terrorst Abu Nda. Rfat hmsef was
marred to the sster of A Issa Dubah, chef of Syran ntegence, who, aong wth
the Syran army, controed most of the opum producton n Lebanon's Bekka
Vaey. The drug profts fnanced varous terrorst groups, ncudng the Popuar
Front for the Lberaton of Paestne-Genera Command (PFLP-GC), run by former
Syran army offcer Ahmed |br.
|1004|
A-Kassar aso acted as mddeman n the ransom pad by the French to effect the
reease of two hostages hed n Berut. Gven hs assstance n securng the reease
of those hostages, the CIA beeved a-Kassar woud prove nvauabe n negotatng
the reease of the sx Amercan hostages then beng hed n Lebanon.
|1005|*
In return for ths favor, a-Kassar's drug ppene to the Unted States woud be
protected by the CIA. Ths woud not prove dffcut, as the DEA was aready usng
Pan Am fghts out of Frankfort, Germany for "controed devery" shpments of
heron. Reazng they coudn't hat the fow of drugs comng out of Lebanon, the
DEA utzed the controed shpments, escorted through customs by DEA courers,
as part of a stng operaton, wth the ntenton of catchng the deaers n the U.S.
|1006|
Negotaton wth ndvduas ke Monzer a-Kassar had ony one drawback: a-
Kassar was cosey nked, not ony wth the terrorst-sponsorng Syran
government, but wth groups such Ahmed |br's PFLP-GC. |br, was aso agned
wth the Iranan-backed Hezboah, whch had a somewhat dfferent agenda than
a-Kassar.
On |uy 3, 1988, ess than sx months before the Pan Am 103 bombng, the U.S.S.
Vncennes shot down an Iranan arner over the Strats of Hormuz, kng a 290
peope on board. Assumng the pane was a hoste craft, the captan of the
Vncennes, W Rodgers III, gave the command to fre.
Whe the peope of Iran greved, the offcer responsbe for the fata mstake was
awarded a meda.
|1007|
Under Isamc aw, the crme had to be avenged. As |uva Avv of Interfor stated n
hs report, "It was known at the tme that the contract was out to down an
Amercan arner."
That contract - $10 mon doars - was gven to Ahmed |br.
|1008|
|br had
aready estabshed a base of operatons n Neuss, Germany, not far from
Frankfort. Centra to hs ce was one Marwan Abde Razzack Khreeshat.
Khreeshat's specaty was n budng sma, sophstcated bombs ncorporatng
tmng mechansms capabe of detonatng at pre-determned attudes.
315
By md-October 1988, |br was ready. Khreeshat had assembed fve bombs, but
nto Toshba rado-cassette payers. However, the German poce were watchng
Khreesat. On October 26, Khreesat and 14 other PFLP-GC suspects were rounded
up n an operaton code-named "Autumn Leaves." One of the bombs was sezed.
Yet four more remaned at arge.
Whe n custody, Khreesat demanded to make a phone ca, then refused to
answer any questons. Wthn hours, he was mysterousy reeased.
|1009|
The ncdent s strkngy smar to the arrest of "neo-Naz terrorst" Andreas
Strassmer on traffc charges n February of 1992. "Boy, we caught he over that
one," recaed tow-truck drver, Kenny Pence. "The phone cas came n from the
State Department, the Governor's offce, and someone caed and sad he had
dpomatc mmunty.."
|1010|
Smar cas were made on behaf of Khreesat. Former CIA agent Oswad Le Wnter,
who nvestgated the case, stated, ".pressure had come from Bonn. from the
U.S. Embassy n Bonn. to reease Khreesat."
It seems that both Strassmer and Khreesat were operatves of U.S. ntegence. "I
had spoken to a German reporter who refuses to go on camera," adds Le Wnter,
"but who s very cose to federa ntegence sources n Germany, who assured me
that Khreesat was an agent of the |ordanan servce, and an asset of the Centra
Integence Agency."
|1011|
Gven the cose reatonshp between the |ordanans and the CIA, ths s not
surprsng. Yet t appeared Khreesat wasn't ony reportng to the |ordanans and
the Amercans; he was aso reportng to Ahmed |br.
Two months before the bombng, |br and a-Kassar were spotted by a Mossad
agent dnng at a Lebanese restaurant n Pars. |br was hopng to use a-Kassar's
controed drug shpments through Frankfort to effect the devery of a bomb. The
probem: how to protect the drug shpments whe at the same tme extract
revenge on the Amercans? A-Kassar preferred the former opton, but, due to
potca pressure, he grudgngy agreed to the atter.
Whe a CIA team n Wesbaden, code-named "COREA," was negotatng ts secret
dea wth a-Kassar for reease of the hostages (and protectng hs drug route), a
second team, ed by Ma|or Chares McKee of the Defense Integence Agency (DIA),
and Matthew Gannon, the CIA's Deputy Staton Chef n Berut, had traveed to
Lebanon to assess the odds for a mtary-stye rescue operaton.
|1012|
Accordng to Avv's report, McKee's team had, whe reconnoterng for the reease
of the hostages, stumbed onto the frst team's ega drug operaton. McKee
refused to partcpate. When he and Gannon contacted ther contro n Washngton,
they receved no repy. Aganst orders, they decded to fy home to bow the
whste. Accordng to Avv:
316
They had communcated back to Langey the facts and names, and reported ther
fm of the hostage ocatons. CIA dd nothng. No repy. The team was outraged,
beevng that ts rescue and ther ves woud be endangered by the doube
deang.
By md-December the team became frustrated and angry and made pans to
return to the U.S. wth ther photos and evdence to nform the government, and to
pubcze ther fndngs f the government covered up.
They never arrved. That nght, Pan Am fght 103 was bown out of the skes.
Was the death of McKee, Gannon, and fve others on ther team an unfortunate
concdence, or dd someone want to ensure that they ddn't revea the carefuy
guarded secrets of the Octopus?
|1013||1014|
Gven the ampe and specfc warnngs receved by the U.S. Government from the
BKA, the Mossad, and a Paestnan nformant named Samra Mahayoun, t woud
seem the atter.
|1015|*
Whatever the case, t s ndsputabe that U.S. authortes were warned of the
attack, and faed to stop t.
Was ther faure deberate?
"Do I thnk the CIA was nvoved?" asked a government Mdeast Integence
specast quoted n the fnanca weeky, $arron1s. "Of course they were nvoved.
And they screwed up. Was the operaton panned by the top? Probaby not. I doubt
they sanctoned heron mportaton - that came about at the more zeaous ower
eves. But they knew what was gong on and ddn't care." The expert added that
hs agency has "thngs that support Avv's aegaton, but we can't prove t. We
have no smokng gun. And unt the other agences of the government open ther
doors, we w have no smokng gun."
The Lockerbe bombng was not the frst tme authortes were warned n advance
of a pendng terrorst attack. The stuaton woud repeat tsef fve years ater n
New York Cty, and seven years ater n Okahoma.
It was an a too eere concdence.
Typcay, U.S. authortes dsngenousy dened recevng any warnngs, as they
woud ater do n New York and Okahoma. Yet, as n those cases, evdence of pror
knowedge woud eventuay become known. "It subsequenty came to me on
further nqures that they hadn't gnored |the warnngs|," sad a Pan Am securty
offcer. "A number of VIPs were pued off that pane. A number of ntegence
operatves were pued off that pane."
317
Due to the warnngs posted n U.S. embasses by the State Department (but not
forwarded to Pan Am), many government empoyees avoded the fght. In fact, the
arge 747 was ony two-thrds fu that busy hoday evenng. South Afrcan
presdent Peter Botha and severa hgh-rankng offcas were advsed by state
securty forces to change ther reservatons at the ast hour. The South Afrcan
State Securty forces have a cose reatonshp wth the CIA.
|1016|
|ust as they woud do n Okahoma, government offcas promsed a compete and
thorough nvestgaton. Stated Over "Buck" Reve, who headed up the Bureau's
nvestgaton: "A of us workng on the case made t a very, very persona prorty
of the frst order."
Frontng for the CIA, Vnce Cannstraro chmed n: "I had persona frends on that
pane who ded. And I assure you that I wanted to fnd the perpetrators of that
dsaster as much as anyone wanted to."
As n Okahoma Cty, ths woud become the catch-a phrase that woud set
everythng rght and prove the government had no nvovement. Of course, ths
woud be somewhat dffcut n Reve's case, snce he pued hs son and daughter-
n-aw off the pane mnutes before t took off. (Ths was suspcousy remnscent of
the ATF agents who were paged not to come nto work on Apr 19.)
Interestngy, Reve was the FBI's ead nvestgator n the crash of an Arrow Ar DC-
8 whch expoded on December 12, 1985 n Gander, Newfoundand, wth the oss of
a 248 personne. As n Okahoma Cty, that ste was qucky budozed, destroyng
cruca forensc evdence, wth an Army offca mantanng a watchfu eye at a
tmes.
|1017|
Hdng behnd the cover-up was the same cast of characters - Over North, Duane
"Dewy" Carrdge, and Vnce Cannstraro - who was North's deputy at the NSC
durng Iran-Contra, and woud ater appear n Lockerbe. The same cast of
characters that urked behnd the scandas n Ncaragua and Iran, and woud
appear ke ghosty appartons n the smoderng runs of Okahoma Cty.
|1018|
It was aso an act that the U.S. Shadow Government, responsbe for precptatng,
was anxous to cover up. Had the true cause of the crash - North's doube-deang
wth the Iranans - been reveaed, the Iran-Contra scanda woud have surfaced
two years before t dd.
Over "Buck" Reve woud be on hand to make sure t ddn't.
Three years ater, n Lockerbe, the government was st camng t's hands were
cean. Yet t vgorousy protested Pan Am's attempts to subpoena warnng memos
and other documents that woud have reveaed the government's foreknowedge,
|ust as t dd n Okahoma.
318
Smpy stated, the attack on Pan Am 103 was n retaaton for the downng of the
Iranan arbus. The reason for targetng Pan Am was smpe: the arne was
reguary used by a-Kassar's operatves to ferry drugs. It woud be a smpe matter
to swtch a sutcase contanng drugs for one contanng a bomb.
That appears to be |ust what happened. Accordng to Lester Knox Coeman, III, a
former DIA agent n Cyprus seconded to the DEA: "I knew from the conversatons
around me n '88, that he (Lebanese drug courer Khad |affar) was nvoved n the
controed deveres. There's no doubt n my mnd about that at a. When I found
he was on 103 and was ked, and there was a controed devery gong through at
the tme, and I knew the securty probems the DEA had, and the reatonshps they
had wth the peope n Lebanon, wth the ssues nvovng securty, t was very
smpe for me to put one and one together and get the bg two - that the DEA's
operaton had a roe n a ths."
|1019|
Accordng to |uva Avv, the drug sutcase was swtched at Frankfort, where Turksh
baggage handers workng for a-Kassar had been reguary swtchng bags for
those contanng heron.
|1020|*
As the Interfor report stated:
On December 21, 1988, a BKA surveance agent watchng the Pan Am fght's
oadng notced that the "drug" sutcase substtuted was dfferent n make, shape,
matera and coor from that used for a prevous drug shpments. Ths one was a
brown Samsonte case. He, ke the other BKA agents on the scene, had been extra
aert due to a the bomb tps. Wthn an hour or so before takeoff he phoned n a
report as to what he had seen, sayng somethng was very wrong.
|1021|
The BKA reported ths to the CIA team n Wesbaden, who, strangey, dd not repy.
Accordng to Avv, "|The CIA unt| reported to ts contro. !ONTRO3 R&)3(&"7
"ON1T WORR' A$O2T (T/ "ON1T STO) (T/ 3&T (T ,O0.
*
Apparenty, the CIA team "dd not want to bow ts surveance operaton and
undercover penetraton or to rsk the a-Kassar hostage reease operaton," wrote
Avv. It seemed the CIA fgured the BKA woud ntercept the terrorsts, keepng the
CIA out of the pcture, thereby mantanng ts cover.
Yet ths expanaton hardy seems credbe. The BKA had nformed the CIA about
the threat - a threat to one of ts own panes. They aso knew the Amercans were
runnng a senstve undercover operaton, and must have assumed the Amercans
woud want to hande the stuaton themseves.
Moreover, there s no ndcaton that the CIA had nstructed the BKA or any other
German authortes to stop the bombng. The queston s: why not? Certany the
CIA woudn't bow ts cover by askng the BKA to ntercede, as they were aready
aware of the CIA/DEA operaton.
Ths rases even more dsturbng questons. Had the CIA "contro" n Washngton,
montorng the stuaton, purposey aowed the bombng to occur? Was the McKee
319
team, about to bow the whste on the Octopus, specfcay targeted for
emnaton? Had Mdde Eastern terrorsts knowngy or unknowngy conspred
wth the Octopus n emnatng a group of pesky whste bowers?
|1022|
Strangey, after the crash, arge numbers of Amercan "rescue" personne began
showng up rather qucky. As one searcher, a member of a mountan rescue team
recaed: "We arrved wthn two hours |of the crash|. We found Amercans aready
there."
|1023|
The frst to appear was an FBI agent. Accordng to George Stobbs, a Lockerbe
poce nspector, "|I| started to set up a contro room, and |between| eeven o'cock
and mdnght, there was a member of the FBI n the offce who came n, ntroduced
hersef to me, and sat down - and |ust sat there the rest of the nght. That was
t."
|1024|*
Was ths so-caed FBI agent there to observe the Scottsh poce's nvestgaton,
and report any confctng fndngs back to her superors?
Tom Daye, a member of Brtsh Parament, remarked: ".Absoutey swarms of
Amercans |were| fddng wth the bodes, and sha we say tamperng wth those
thngs the poce were carefuy checkng themseves. They weren't pretendng,
sayng they were from the FBI or CIA, they were |ust 'Amercans' who seemed to
arrve very qucky on the scene."
The scenaro was eery smar to that n Okahoma Cty, where rescue workers and
bomb squad techncans seemngy appeared out of thn ar.
Reca that Okahoma Cty eyewtness Debra Burdck, who was near ground zero
when the bomb went off, sad: "And rght after that, here comes the Bomb Squad,
before the ambuances and the Fre Department."
"They woud have had to have had some knd of warnng to respond that quck,
sad Burdck's husband, "because they woud have had to get n ther gear and
everythng."
|1025|
As mentoned prevousy, Burdck wasn't the ony one who saw federa agents and
rescue personne arrve a bt too qucky. |.D. Reed, who was n the County Offce
Budng when the bomb went off, ater wrote: "The paramedcs and fremen were
aready at work. How coud they move so qucky? They were there by the tme we
got down to the street!"
|1026|
Then there was Sergeant Yeakey's omnous etter to hs frend Ramona McDonad,
whch stated: "Everyone was behnd you unt you started askng questons as I dd,
as to how so many federa agents arrved at the scene at the same tme.."
In Lockerbe, a number of Amercan agents - some wearng Pan Am |umpsuts -
were desperatey searchng for somethng. As Daye recaed: "It was. odd and
320
strange that so many peope shoud be nvoved n movng bodes, ookng at
uggage, who were not members of the nvestgatng force. What were they ookng
for so carefuy? You know, ths was not |ust searchng carefuy for oved ones. It
was far more than that. It was carefu examnaton of uggage and ndeed
bodes."
|1027|
Dr. Davd Fedhouse, the oca poce surgeon, dentfed Ma|or McKee eary on. "I
knew that |the dentfcaton of| McKee was absoutey correct because of the
cothng whch correated cosey wth the other reports and statements, and the
computers that were nked up to Washngton."
|1028|
Ths woud subsume that Washngton knew exacty what McKee - who hadn't tod
Contro he was comng - was wearng. In other words, t means he was under
surveance by the Octopus.
Fedhouse aso tagged over 58 bodes. "I ater earned that when the bodes were
taken to the mortuary, a the abes whch had been put on them had been
removed wth the excepton of two," sad Fedhouse, "but a the rest had been
removed and dscarded."
|1029|
A smar ncdent woud occur n Okahoma Cty. After nurse Ton Garret took a
break from taggng dead bodes, she waked back to the makeshft morgue that
had been set up n a nearby church. "When we came back n, there was a cod,
caous atmosphere," sad Garret. "I found out ater that the FBI had taken over.."
Not ony had the FBI taken over, but for some reason, they were suppressng the
body count, whch they orgnay camed as ony 22 dead. Ths enraged Garret,
who had personay tagged over 120 bodes. Whe gvng a news ntervew, FBI
agents rushed over and tod her to stop. Garret recaed the scene: "He sad, 'We,
we1re down here now, and we're takng over the budng. It woud be advsabe
and recommendabe that you keep your mouth shut."
|1030|
In Lockerbe, poce offcers and mtary personne woud be prohbted under the
Offca Secrets Act from takng about what they had wtnessed.
|ust what had they seen that was so senstve?
|m Wson knows. A oca farmer, Wson tod reatves of Pan Am vctms that he
was present "when the drugs were found." The Tundergarth farmer had dscovered
a sutcase packed wth heron n one of hs feds. Worred that t mght harm hs
sheep, he nformed oca poce, who notfed the Amercans, who then raced to the
scene n an a-terran vehce. Wson noted that the Amercans seemed extremey
angry that the drugs had not been dscovered earer by ther own personne.
One Scottsh poce offcer who dd speak out sad that hs department had been
tod to keep an eye out for the drugs eary on. He aso overheard Amercan
321
personne say that there was a drug courer on the pane - Khad |affar - one of
the Lebanese nformants used by the DEA.
|1031|
Had the heron beonged to |affar? Snce the drug sutcase had been swtched at
Frankfort, t woud seem unkey. A more probabe expanaton s that t beonged
to Gannon or McKee - evdence of the ega operaton beng run by the Octopus.
It woud certany expan why U.S. offcas were so desperate to fnd the sutcase
before the Scottsh authortes dd. Once ocated, the heron was removed, and the
bag paced back n ts orgna poston ke nothng had happened.
In Okahoma Cty, 10 hours after the bast(s), federa agents hated rescue efforts
to remove fes from the budng. Whe mted numbers of rescue workers were
constraned to the ower rght sde of the budng, between 40 and 50 federa
agents began cartng away boxes of fes from the ATF and DEA offces.
"You'd thnk they woud have et ther evdence and fes st at east unt the ast
survvor was pued out," one angry rescue worker tod the New 'ork "aily News.
|1032|
Then, approxmatey 10 days after the bast, two whte trucks pued up to the
posta annex across from the Murrah Budng that was beng used to store
emergency suppes. A dozen men n back unmarked unforms, wearng sk masks
and carryng submachne guns, |umped out and formed a protectve corrdor to the
budng. Others, wearng bue nyon wndbreakers and carryng hand-hed rados,
formed an outer permeter. As a wtness watched, he observed "box after box of
what appeared to be fes or documents n boxes |that| were oaded on the
unmarked trucks that ooked ke Ryder renta trucks, but were whte."
|1033|
The wtness, a Tusa Fre Captan who was fmng the ste of the exposon, was
tod by one of the agents to put down hs camera. Hs fm was ater confscated.
What were n the boxes - boxes that were orgnay stored n the Federa Budng
- that over a dozen mysterousy anonymous federa agents armed wth
submachne guns were so anxous to secrete nto hdng? Were they fes that were
beng taken away to be destroyed. or to be protected? And by whom?
The pubc woud never earn of ths bzarre ncdent, |ust as they woud never earn
of the Md-Eastern connecton, the numerous |ohn Does, the pror warnngs of Cary
Gagan and Caro Howe, and the eaborate cover-up. The government had
convcted ther man - Tmothy |ames McVegh - |ust as they had done wth Lee
Harvey Oswad 34 years ago. The vctms who subscrbed to the government's
verson of the case coud now begn to experence a sense of "cosure," whether
they had earned the truth or not.
Fve years before, the government had attempted to provde "cosure" to the Pan
Am bombng by announcng ts newy dscovered "evdence" - a tny pece of
322
mcrochp aegedy nked to the bomb. Ths new evdence, dscovered n a remote
fed ten months after the crash, woud concusvey prove, the government
camed, that Lbyan terrorsts had destroyed the pane.
Lke the evdence of McVegh's racng fue purchases whch suddeny came to ght
18 months after the bombng, or the startng new "reveatons" of Edon Eott,
Thomas Mannng, and Dana Bradey, ths "new evdence" woud hep the
government dvert attenton from the true perpetrators of the crme.
Interestngy, Tom Thurman, the FBI ab techncan who matched the chp - a tny
charred fragment that had mracuousy survved two Scottsh Wnters - woud
ater be accused of per|ury n unreated cases.
Nevertheess, the dscovery was haed as a ma|or fnd. Vnce Cannstraro, the CIA
Counter terrorsm Chef on the Natona Securty Counc, was the front-man for
new "Lbyan" theory.
"The prncpe avenues that ed to dentfcaton of a foregn roe n an act of
terrorsm," Cannstraro qupped wth mock assurance, "was forensc evdence
recovered by the Scottsh poce at Lockerbe themseves. Investgators and
townspeope on ther hands and knees, crawng aong the countrysde, pckng up
mnute bts of debrs. And one of those bts of debrs turned out to be a mcrochp,
whch was anayzed mcroscopcay that ed to the Lbyan connecton."
Lke the Ryder truck axe n Okahoma Cty that was aegedy dscovered by
severa dfferent peope, so the mcrochp woud have a confusng and
contradctory bevy of camants. "Three of hs peope (FBI agents) had sworn that
they had found ths pece n a pece of a coat and had sgned a paper to ths
effect," stated Boer. "I ater heard that t was the Scottsh poce who had found
the pece n a shrt that came from Mata." Yet n spte of ths, the Scotts woud
attempt to have a townsperson sgn a statement that he had found the chp.
|1034|
Yet the townsperson whom the FBI camed had dscovered the chp coud not even
reca fndng t. The man, named "Bobby," sad "I got a ca from a poceman
askng f he coud come down to my home, and woud I sgn to say that I pcked
those |tems| up. He brought wth hm three sma bags about the sze of an eght-
by-fve pece of paper, one of whch contaned an tem of coth, one of whch
contaned a brown pece whch ooked very much ke a pece of pastc, the thrd
pece I coudn't te what t was."
Had the chp been panted by the FBI? The Bureau admtted that t aready
possessed two such tmers, confscated from two Lbyans n Dakar and Senega n
1986. The ncdent was remarkaby smar to the Okahoma Cty bombng
wtnesses who were coerced nto sgnng statements that dffered from what they
actuay saw.
323
Yet Brtsh authortes woud wngy cooperate wth the U.S. as the resut of a
phone ca made by Presdent Bush to Prme Mnster Margaret Thatcher. Accordng
to Washin%ton )ost syndcated coumnst |ack Anderson, the two heads of state
agreed that the nvestgaton shoud be "mted" n order to avod compromsng
the two natons' ntegence communtes.
|1035|
For hs part, Cannstraro had deveoped, aong wth NSC staffers Howard Techer
and Over North, the Reagan-nspred propaganda pocy of destroyng the Lbyan
regme of Coone Muammar a-Oaddaf. As Bob Woodward wrote n the
Washin%ton )ost7
Vncent M. Cannstraro, a veteran CIA operatons offcer and drector of ntegence
on the Natona Securty Counc staff, and Howard R. Techer, the drector of the
offce of potca mtary affars n the NSC, supported the dsnformaton and
decepton pan..
"I deveoped the pocy toward Lbya," sad Cannstraro. "In fact, I even wrote the
draft paper that was ater adopted by the Presdent."
|1036|
In spte of the obvous propaganda poy, the evdence aganst Lbya was dubous at
best. Even more dubous was the government's theory of how the bomb got on
board. Accordng to "Buck" Reve, the bomb, but by two Lbyan ntegence
agents - Abde Basset a-Megrah and Lamn Khafah Fhma - was paced nsde a
sutcase and smugged nto the arport at Mata, and tagged for ts fna destnaton
to |FK arport n New York. It then few, unaccompaned, to Frankfort, where t
changed panes, aso unaccompaned, then few to London, where t managed to
change panes agan, ony to expode over Lockerbe.
Lke the specter of two one amateurs wth a fertzer bomb, the government
actuay expects the pubc to beeve that a senstve attude-trggered tme-bomb
managed to pass through three countres unaccompaned, pass through securty
and customs checks, change panes twice, then detonate at precsey the rght
moment over ts target destnaton!
Such a suggeston, even to the unntated, s rdcuous.
And there was no evdence to support t. Accordng to Denns Phpps, former head
of securty for Brtsh Arways: ".the records of handng of that fght were made
avaabe for me to see. There was no evdence of any unaccompaned bags. A of
the bags that were carred as passenger baggage on that fght, had to be checked
n by a passenger who actuay traveed on the fght."
Sad Mchae |ones, Pan Am's London Securty Chef: "I've never seen any
documentaton whatsoever, produced by Pan Am or anybody ese, showng there
was any nteryng baggage to Pan Am from the Ar Mata fght."
Even the FBI's own teex, dated October 23, 1989, stated:
324
To Drector, FBI, Prorty - Records there s no concrete ndcaton that any pece
of uggage was unoaded from Ar Mata 100 sent through the uggage routng at
Frankfort arport then oaded on board Pan Am 103.
In fact, t s absurd to suggest that traned ntegence agents or even cever
terrorsts woud opt for such a far-fetched and rsky pan. Especay gven the
securty measures regardng unaccompaned bags, whch woud have surey
aroused suspcon. Ths premse becomes even more udcrous consderng the
unexpected deays nherent n Wnter hoday fghts. How had the bomb, after
passng through three countres, managed to arm tsef and detonate at precsey
the rght moment?
Mracuousy, eght months after the bombng, a baggage prnt-out was obtaned
by the BKA showng an unaccompaned bag that had been transferred from Ar
Mata.
The government fnay had ts "evdence."
|1037|
|ust as they had suddeny dropped the Mdde Eastern ead n Okahoma, the
government was now swtchng tracks and bamng the Lbyans for the Pan Am
bombng. But why? Why, after two years of sod evdence pontng to Syran and
Iranan nvovement, was the government now bamng Lbya - and on such fmsy
pretenses?
Naturay, ke the theory of McVegh's "revenge for Waco," the government had a
handy expanaton: Lbya's motve for the attack stemmed from the Apr, 1986
U.S. ar-rad on Trpo and Benghaz, n whch over 37 cvans, ncudng Oaddaf's
nfant daughter, were ked. That rad was n retaaton for the bombng of the La
Bee Dscotheque n Bern a year earer, n whch two U.S. servcemen and a
Turksh woman were ked.
|1038|
In fact, the nvovement of Lbya n the dsco bombng was hghy questonabe. It s
aso curous why Oaddaf woud wat two-and-a-haf years to extract hs revenge on
the Amercans for the Benghaz attack.
|1039|
Essentay, government's desre to mpcate Lbya for the bombng of Pan Am 103
was no dfferent than ts desre to mpcate the mta for the bombng n
Okahoma Cty. In that case, they camed, the motve was revenge for the
government's atroctes at Waco.
|1040|
In fact, Presdent Bush knew perfecty we who had bombed fght 103. Sx months
after the bombng, Secretary of State |ames Baker vsted wth Syran Foregn
Integence Mnster Farouk a-Sharaa. Baker asked:
"What are you dong about the GLC group?"
"What are you takng about," asked a-Sharaa.
325
"|br," answered Baker. "We know they are responsbe for Lockerbe. What are
you dong about them?"
"How do you know that?"
"We have the evdence," Baker reped. "And the evdence s rrefutabe."
|1041|
Nevertheess, the government ed to the Amercan peope.
|1042|
The nvestgaton
had turned potca. In |uy of 1990, Iraq nvaded Kuwat. Presdent Bush began
formng hs Guf War coaton. Syra, formery vewed as a terrorst state, was now
seen as a necessary ay.
Interestngy, Bush had been quety makng overtures to Syran Presdent Assad
for years. Assad was a btter enemy of Presdent Saddam Hussen of Iraq. In order
to brng Syra nto the coaton, a evdence pontng to them was dropped. And, n
November of 1991, the Lbyan theory became the "offca" verson of the bombng.
|1043|
The rea story appears somewhat dfferent.
On December 20, an ntercept of a ca made to the Iranan embassy n Berut
confrmed that an Amercan operatve named Davd Love|oy (AKA: Mchae Franks,
Mchae Schafer) had spoken to Iranan Charg d'Affares Hussen Nknam, and
advsed hm that the McKee team had changed ts trave pans and booked
passage on fght 103. The next day, Nknam caed the Interor Mnstry n Teheran
and passed on Frank's nformaton.
|1044|
The DEA was aso montorng McKee, and separatey nformed the CIA n
Washngton, Brtsh MI6, and the CIA team n Wesbaden.
|1045|
A-Kassar's operatves had aso observed Gannon makng trave arrangements n
Ncosa, and reported ths to ther CIA handers n Wesbaden. Ths wasn't dffcut,
as the DEA's "controed devery" operaton, run by DEA Staton Chef Mchae T.
Hurey n Cyprus, utzed Arab nformants, some of whom, accordng to Coeman,
were reportng back to Ahmed |br.
|1046|
As one source famar wth the case sad, "Every spook n Europe knew that McKee
and Gannon were fyng home on fght 103."
Yet whe the McKee team was obvousy compromsed, the queston beggng to be
answered s, who s Mchae Franks? And why dd Franks nform the Iranan
embassy, a btter enemy of the U.S., of McKee's trave pans?
An assocate of Over North, Franks worked for Overseas Press Servce (OPS) a
teevson consutancy frm run by W. Denns Sut. A former CIA operatve n Centra
Amerca, Sut was an assocate of North, Wam Casey, |ack Sngaub, |ack Terre,
326
and Contra eaders Adofo and Maro Caero. Lester Coeman apty descrbed hm
as a representatve of North's "Georga Mafa."
In other words, Franks worked for the Octopus.
Sent to Cyprus by OPS as a "cameraman," Franks was n a perfect poston to
montor the actvtes of the DEA.
The other queston beggng to be answered s: who at the CIA Contro n
Washngton (not ther headquarters n Langey) tod the CIA team n Wesbaden:
."ON1T WORR' A$O2T (T/ "ON1T STO) (T/ 3&T (T ,O.6
|1047|
It has been argued by apoogsts for the CIA that the Agency ddn't stop the
bombng because t ddn't want to compromse ts hostage-rescue msson - an
operaton beng run by the Octopus n couson wth Monzer a-Kassar. Essentay,
we are asked to accept the dea that the CIA was ready to sacrfce the ves of 270
peope so as not to rsk the opportunty to free sx peope.
A more pausbe expanaton s that the Octopus ddn't want to compromse ts
proftabe drug and gun runnng operaton - an operaton that traces ts roots from
the Corscan Mafa, through the Hmong trbesman n Laos, to the Mu|ahadeen n
Pakstan and Afghanstan, and fnay to the cartes n Coumba and Mexco. It s an
enterprse run by many of the same spooks that ran the Cod War, channeng
bons of taxpayer doars nto the mtary/ndustra estabshment, whe
funneng thousands of tons of heron and cocane nto our ctes' streets.
|1048|
As ntegence anayst Dave Emory notes, "When federa ntegence agences n
the Unted States decde to move n a partcuar drecton - or when a facton of
them decdes to move n a partcuar drecton - they do so when to move n that
drecton woud scratch a number of dfferent tches at dfferent eves
smutaneousy."
|1049|
By passng on the trave pans of the McKee team to the Iranans, Franks aowed
Ahmed |br to bomb the pane, emnatng McKee and Gannon n the process, and
preventng exposure of the Octopus. At the same tme, the Iranans got revenge
for the shootdown of ther arner, and the drug deaers kept ther operaton
reatvey ntact.
Usng the Iranans as proxes permtted the Octopus to mantan "pausbe
denabty."
Descrbng how proxes or "cut-outs" are used n assassnaton work, 25-year DEA
veteran Mke Levne sad, ".when you say 'they woudn't do t,' surey you don't
thnk that the Scan Mafa (to use an exampe) sends out a coupe of Itaans to do
a ht on a U.S. Attorney that they coud nk drecty back? No, absoutey not. What
they mght do s use what's eft of |August| Record's organzaton (a drug deaer n
South Amerca), they mght tak to an Itaan who ves n Paraguay or Monte
327
Madeo, he then taks to the son of a German who ves n Paraguay. An
arrangement s made. They want them hurt. Ths organzaton fnds out that ths
guy's wfe s fyng on a pane. Not that that's happened. I'm gvng you a
scenaro. that's the way t's done. We're vng n a word where murder has
become very, very hgh-tech, very convouted, wth cut-outs.
"TWA, Pan Am 103 - ths s the perfect M.O. of ths organzaton," adds Levne.
"Not that they (Rcord) dd t, but when they dd thngs, there was no way t woud
ever go back to them, because they woud do t for someone ese."
|1050|
In the case of Pan Am 103, t appeared that the Octopus was more nterested n
coverng up ts nvovement wth drug smuggers than n securng the reease of
Amercan hostages. And t was wng to sacrfce 270 ves to do so.
)
The !ting
.There were *eo*le in a *osition of authority that knew somethin% was %oin% to
come down/ and they didn1t do anythin% a+out itA and *eo*le %ot killed0.
- Tom G., 22-year CIA/DIA veteran
The ogstca apparatus whch aowed the PFLP-GC to bomb fght 103 was a
controed drug devery at Frankfort arport - a stng operaton run wth the fu
knowedge of Amercan, German, and Israe ntegence. It was a stng operaton
that had been penetrated by Mdde Eastern terrorsts ntent on wreckng havoc.
In Okahoma Cty, another stng operaton was underway. Lke the DEA's controed
devery of drugs through Frankfort, the ATF and the FBI woud seek to utze a
"controed devery" of a bomb n Okahoma Cty.
As prevousy dscussed, the FBI, ATF, and U.S. Marshas, a had ampe pror
warnng. Not ony had the Marshas Servce been warned of a Fatwa aganst
Amercan nstaatons as a resut of the Word Trade Center convctons, but the
FBI had receved warnngs from the Israes, the Sauds, the Kuwats, and ther own
nformant, Cary Gagan, concernng threats aganst federa budngs n Phoenx,
Denver, and Okahoma Cty.
Addtonay, ATF nformant Caro Howe had specfcay warned authortes about a
neo-Naz pan to bow up a federa budng n ether Tusa or Okahoma Cty as far
back as November of '94.
|1051|
328
As the fatefu day drew coser, the warnngs began pourng n. |udge Wayne Aey,
whose offce sts across from the Murrah Budng, was warned severa weeks pror
to the bast by "securty offcas" to take "extra precautons." The federa |udge,
who was not n hs offce at the tme, but whose cerks were n|ured n the bast,
tod the )ortland Ore%onian, "Of a the days for ths to happen, t's absoutey an
amazng concdence." When asked to dscuss the nature of the warnngs, Aey
sad, "Let me |ust say that wthn the past two or three weeks, nformaton has
been dssemnated. that ndcated concerns on the part of peope who ought to
be a tte bt more carefu."
Ths s not surprsng. Gagan had warned the FBI as far back as September that
federa agents and |udges were targeted for assassnaton. As prevousy noted,
Gagan had been deep nsde the Mdde Eastern ce nvoved n the bombng.
Gagan nformed the feds on September 21, 1994 that hs Arab comrades had been
crusng Denver n a whte Mercury photographng federa agents. Gagan tod the
author that he was nstructed to assassnate |udge Lews Babcock.
|1052|
Had the feds warned |udge Aey? "My sub|ectve mpresson," sad Aey, "was
there was a reason for the dssemnaton of these concerns, strongy suggestng an
mpendng proxmate event."
|1053|
The Okahoma Cty Fre Department, unke |udge Aey, had the beneft of more
specfc warnngs. On Frday, Apr 14, the FBI paced a ca to Assstant Chef
Chares Ganes to warn hm of a potenta terrorst threat wthn the next few days.
When Genn Wburn confronted Ganes, he was met wth a banket of dena.
Wburn then waked down the ha and confronted Chef Dspatcher Harvey
Weathers, who unhestatngy reped that they had n fact receved a warnng.
Wburn tod hm, "We, you're gong to be surprsed to earn that Chef Ganes'
memory s fang. He says t never happened." Weathers reped, "We, you asked
me and I tod you. I'm not gong to e for anybody. A ot of peope don't want to
get nvoved n ths."
|1054|
When Assstant Chef |on Hansen was ater ntervewed by KFOR's |ayna Davs, he
sad he coud no onger reca |ust exacty who had caed the Department, but
convncngy reassured skeptcs, "The FBI came n yesterday and tod me t wasn't
them."
Yet two reserve Sherff's deputes on duty at the Murrah Budng the nght of the
bombng, Don Hammons and Davd Kachendofer, sgned sworn affdavts that
Representatve Ernest Istook (R-OK) tod them of the government's pror
knowedge. Kachendofer was guardng the northwest corner of the budng when
Istook approached and chated wth hm. Kachendofer reates the conversaton:
"|Istook| made the comment to me, he says, 'Yeah, we knew ths was gong to
happen.'
"And I sad, 'Excuse me?'
329
"And he says, 'Yeah, we knew ths was gong to happen. We got word through our
sources that there s a radca fundamenta Isamc group n Okahoma Cty and
that they were gong to bomb the Federa Budng.'"
|1055|
The day after the bombng, Okahoma Cty FBI SAC Bob Rcks (of Waco nfamy),
managed to keep a straght face whe announcng to reporters: "The FBI and
Okahoma Cty has not receved any threats that ndcated that a bombng was
about to take pace."
Lke the fox assurng the farmer that he hadn't made off wth any chckens, the
FBI's cams proved of tte soace. Fortunatey for the FBI, the audo ogs of the
Fre Department's ncomng cas were mysterousy "erased."
|1056|
As The "aily Oklahoman reported on August 14, 1997:
.Vance DeWoody, owner of Opa's Answerng Servce, and hs empoyee, Pat
Houser. receved an anonymous teephone ca sayng that a bomb was gong to
go off n the offce of the U.S. Secret Servce on the nnth foor of the Murrah
Budng..
Opa's. takes cas for the Secret Servce. The ca came four days +efore the
bombng. Then, on the mornng of Apr 19, the Executve Secretarat's Offce of the
|ustce Department receved a mysterous ca from someone camng the Murrah
Budng had |ust been bown up. B? minutes +efore the +lastJ ABC 20/20 quoted
the offca government document:
The Department of |ustce. receved a teephone ca. twenty-four mnutes pror
to the bombng. The caer sad, "The Federa Budng n Okahoma Cty has |ust
been bombed."
|1057|
ABC anchor Tom |arre noted that "no acton was apparenty taken" by the |ustce
Department n response to that strange emergency ca mnutes before the bast.
|1058|
Not ong after Bob Rck's announcement, Caro Howe and Cary Gagan woud make
ther presence known - nformng the pubc that the government dd ndeed have
pror knowedge of the attack. To cover themseves, the government ony admtted
that they had vague, unspecfed warnngs of the mpendng pot. As Stephen |ones
wrote n hs bref of March 25, 1997:
Soon the government's poston w revert to the rdcuous and t w ony deny
any knowedge that the Murrah Budng was specfcay targeted at 9:02 a.m. on
Apr 19, 1995, to be destroyed by a bomb devered n a Ryder renta truck by
Tmothy McVegh.. That s the Federa Government payng word games n order
to avod what s potentay the snge most embarrassng and humatng stuaton
snce the pubc found out that the FBI had an nformant nsde the terrorst group
that bombed the Word Trade Center n New York - an nformant that actuay
330
heped make the bomb - but they bunged the entre stuaton and dd not
prevent that tragedy.
Nevertheess, t woudn't be ong before a sgnfcant percentage of the popuaton
woud earn about the suspcous actvtes n Okahoma Cty the mornng of Apr
19. Attorney Dane |. Adomts was drvng downtown around 7:30 a.m. that
mornng when he notced a whte bomb squad truck parked on the west sde of the
courthouse, cose to the Murrah Budng. Adomts tod the Fort Worth
StarFTele%ram, "I remember thnkng as I passed that, 'Gee, I wonder f they had a
bomb threat at the County Courthouse?'"
Norma Smth, who worked at the Federa Courthouse across from the Murrah
Budng, saw, aong wth numerous others, the Bomb Squad congregated n the
parkng ot. Smth recounted her story for her hometown Texas newspaper, the
)anola Watchman7
The day was fne, everythng was norma when I arrved at 7:45 to begn my day at
8 a.m., but as I waked through my budng's parkng ot, I remember seeng a
bomb squad. I reay dd not thnk about t - especay when we dd not hear more
about t....
There was some tak about the bomb squad among empoyees n our offce. We
dd wonder what t was dong n our parkng ot. |okngy, I sad, "We I guess we'
fnd out soon enough"....
|1059|
Renee Cooper, whose nfant son was ked n the day-care center, was drvng
down Robnson Street when she saw severa men n dark |ackets standng n front
of the Federa Courthouse. The men's |ackets were nscrbed wth the words "Bomb
Squad."
Reporter |.D. Cash spoke wth a woman whose brother worked n the Federa
Budng. "Frantc wth worry, |acke Stes sad she taked to an FBI agent at the
scene who tod her there had been a bomb threat made aganst the Murrah
Budng the prevous week."
Ths fact was aso confrmed by Mchae Hnton, a former poce offcer who was
stayng across the street at the YMCA. Hnton wtnessed what appeared to be a
bomb threat evacuaton of the Murrah Budng two weeks earer.
|1060|
Naturay, the Bomb Squad dened beng there. In an ntervew wth |ayna Davs,
Sherff |.D. Sharp camed that the Bomb Squad truck was ten mes away at the
tme. "I can assure you from the testmony of wtnesses and the bomb commander
that our bomb unt was not anywhere near the Murrah Budng the mornng of the
bast," sad Sharp.
When the author attempted to ntervew two members of the Bomb Squad, one of
them became vsby nervous, and demanded that I speak to hs superor. He
331
dened removng addtona bombs, or beng at the Federa Budng eary that
mornng.
The Sherff's Department ater tod NBC Extra's Brad Goode that the Bomb Squad
was n fact depoyed downtown for "tranng purposes," but camed they were not
n bomb attre. At the same tme, the OCPD tod Extra the Bomb Squad was not
there at all.
|1061|
Reporter |.D. Cash receved a smar response from Bomb Squad Captan Robert
Heady. When confronted wth the fact that at east two eye-wtnesses saw the
Bomb Squad members n ther back t-shrts wth the words "BOMB SOUAD"
embazoned across ther chests n sver-whte etters, the captan sad, "We don't
wear those type shrts."
Interestngy, a vdeotape made by Deputy Sherff Mevn Sumter at the scene of
the bast shows the Bomb Squad members, aong wth the captan, n t-shrts wth
words "BOMB SOUAD" n arge sver-whte etters wrtten across ther chests!
St, the Bomb Squad woud attempt to mantan ths dupctous charade. When he
was summoned before the County Grand |ury renvestgatng the bast, Deputy B
Grmsey camed that the bomb squad was ndeed downtown that mornng.
Grmsey camed that he had eft the county |a at 7:00 a.m., stopped at the
nearby courthouse for a few mnutes to take care of an errand, went to McDonad's
for breakfast, then drove to the bomb tranng ste ten mes away.
Yet Norma Smth saw the Bomb Squad truck downtown at 7:45 a.m. Renee Cooper
saw t fve mnutes after eght - hardy n keepng wth Grmsey's story.
Others, ke Okahoma Prvate nvestgator Caude Crss and County Appraser |.D.
Reed saw the Bomb Squad downtown n fu gear. "The presence of aw
enforcement was n the ar," sad Crss. "It was everywhere downtown that
mornng."
As prevousy dscussed, Debra Burdck was sttng at a red ght at 10th and
Robnson, fve bocks from the Murrah Budng. ".as the ght changed, we started
through the ntersecton," recaed Burdck, "and |that's when| the bomb went off.
And rght after that, here comes the Bomb Squad, before the ambuances and the
Fre Department." As Burdck's husband remarked, "they woud have had to have
had some knd of warnng to respond that quck, because they woud have had to
get n ther gear and everythng."
|.D. Reed, who rushed out of the County Offce Budng when the bomb went off,
ater wrote n a company newsetter: "The paramedcs and fremen were aready at
work. How coud they move so qucky? They were there by the tme we got down
to the street!"
|1062|
332
The testmony of Burdck and Reed dovetas wth that of Crss, who arrved at hs
offce at 8:58 a.m. "I heard a ot of srens at that tme," he sad. "A ot of srens,
comng from the west, approachng downtown. There was approxmatey seven
trucks that were traveng at a hgh rate of speed. When they reached the top of
that h rght there, the exposon went off."
|1063|
When ABC's Extra contacted the Okahoma Cty Fre Department to nqure about
Crss's cam, they reped, "We can't reay confrm or deny that cam."
|1064|
As Sergeant Yeakey, one of the frst rescue workers at the scene ater wrote to
bombng survvor Ramona McDonad:
Everyone was behnd you unt you started askng questons as I dd, as to how so
many federa agents arrved at the scene at the same tme.. For those who ran
from the scene to change ther attre to hde the fact that they were there, shoud
be |udged as cowards.
Rodney |ohnson, who amost ht McVegh and |ohn Doe 2 as they ran from the
scene mnutes before the bast, ddn't mss the presence of aw-enforcement
offcers who seemed to materaze out of thn ar. Where had they come from?
Assocated Press photographer Pat Carter, who was at the scene wthn one hour of
the bast, sad that ATF agents were wearng fu combat gear. Had they been
preparng for a bust?
|1065|
HUD worker V.Z. Lawton was on the eghth foor of the Murrah Budng when the
bomb(s) went off. Lawton descrbed four men who gave hm a rde home that
afternoon. They tod hm they were Genera Servces Admnstraton (GSA)
empoyees out of Fort Worth, and were there dong a "routne" securty check on
the Federa Budng. The men tod Lawton ths "securty check" was conducted n
the wee hours of the mornng.
|1066|
Two of the men, Dude Goodun and Brent Mossbarger, ater tod the "aily
Oklahoman they dd not take Lawton home that day.
|1067|
Even more nterestngy, t was aeged that no ATF agents (as opposed to cerca
workers) were n the Murrah Budng at the tme of the bast. Word of ths qucky
spread when Bruce Shaw, whose wfe worked n the thrd-foor credt unon, ran up
to an ATF agent anxousy askng of her whereabouts. Shaw tod KFOR's Brad
Edwards that the agent "started gettng a tte bt nervous. He tred reachng
someone on a two-way rado. |But| coudn't get anybody. I tod hm I wanted an
answer rght then. He sad they were n debrefng, that none of the agents had
been n there. They'd been tpped by ther pagers not to come to work that day.
Pan as day out of hs mouth. Those were the words he sad."
|1068|
The second wtness, Shaw's boss Tony Braser, was present when the agent made
those comments, and confrmed to KFOR the accuracy of Shaw's testmony.
|1069|
333
The thrd wtness was Tffany Bbe, a paramedc. When she asked an ATF agent on
the scene (dressed n a back "Nn|a" sut) f any of hs feow agents were st n
the budng, she was tod they "weren't here" at the offce that mornng. When she
asked, "who woud want to bomb a budng n Okahoma?" he reped that t was n
retrbuton for the massacre at Waco. How dd he know?
"It's cear to me that the ATF knew n advance somethng was about to happen,"
says a man whose wfe was serousy n|ured that mornng.
|1070|
In an attempt to steer suspcous eyes away from ATF cupabty, Lester Martz,
regona head of the ATF, put out a press reease statng that severa agents -
Vernon Buster, Luke Franey, and Aex McCauey - had been trapped nsde the
budng durng the bombng:
ATF's Resdent Agent n Charge Aex McCauey was wth a DEA agent (Davd
Schckedanz) n the eevator when the bomb expoded. The eevator dropped n a
free fa from the eghth foor to the thrd. The two men were trapped n the smoke-
fed eevator. The emergency buttons and the phone were noperabe. On ther
fourth attempt they managed to break through the doors and escape from the
eevator.
|1071|
Yet accordng to eevator reparman Duane |ames, who, aong wth severa co-
workers was checkng equpment across the street that mornng, Martz's
statement s "pure fantasy." |ames, who was ntervewed by |.D. Cash and ABC's
20/20, sad fve of the budng's sx eevators had frozen n pace when the bast
occurred, ther doors bown nward. "Once that occurs, the doors cannot be opened
- perod," sad |ames. "What I and some others dd was kck n the cengs on
each of those eevators and determned that no one was n them."
|ames cams the remanng eevator was sttng at the thrd or fourth foor eve
and had no one n t. "Certany t had not 'free faen,' nor had any of the others."
|ames expaned that modern eevators cannot 'free fa' due to counterbaancng
weghts on them whch prevent such occurrences. The eevators are aso equpped
wth automatc safety swtches that cut speed and power f the eevator starts
acceeratng too fast.
|1072|
"None of those swtches were trpped on any of the eevators n that budng," sad
|ames. "I, aong wth other men wth our company, checked the equpment severa
tmes. Absoutey no eevators dropped that mornng."
Oscar |ohnson, |ames' boss, tod the "aily Oklahoman that when the eevator was
found, a wa was pushed aganst the top of t "and there s no way you coud have
gotten the doors open. Our guys were the frst ones there to open the top
emergency access, and there was no one n t."
|1073|
Federa eevator nspector Dude Goodun tod the "aily Oklahoman that he agreed
wth |ohnson.
|1074|
334
So does former ATF agent Rck Sherrow. "Ths eevator busness was garbage -
about Franey beng trapped n the eevator - because t ddn't happen" sad
Sherrow. "Franey I pretty much beeve was there, |but| ths free-fa busness, t
|ust ddn't happen."
|1075|
Naturay, Martz nssted fve ATF empoyees were nsde the Murrah Budng.
Vaere Rowden, the offce manager, was cut a over. |m Staggs was hosptazed
wth head wounds. Vernon Buster, they camed, had a na drven through hs arm,
and hs name showed up on a st of the n|ured. But accordng to Davd Ha, owner
and manager of KPOC-TV n Ponca Cty, who checked wth oca hosptas, both
Buster and Martz are yng.
|1076|
Accordng to a reporter who ntervewed |oe Gordon, an ATF agent from Coorado
Sprngs, there was at east one ATF agent from out-of-town (beeved to have been
Daas) who was n|ured n the bast, that the ATF hasn't admtted to. Whe
Buster's name showed up on the st of the n|ured, hs name ddn't.
|1077|
Another reporter from New York deveoped nformaton that the Daas ATF offce
- Martz's offce - was aso suspcousy vacant that mornng. Was the ATF runnng
a combned operaton out of Daas and Okahoma Cty? Ths woud make sense,
snce Martz s the regona drector.
|1078|
DEA Assstant Agent n Charge Don Webb caed the aegatons aganst the ATF
"bu-sht." Webb tod the author that McCauey and Schckedanz were ndeed n
the eevator when the bomb went off. He aso sad that "Luke Franey was on the
phone" at the tme of the bombng (athough Webb admtted to me that he hmsef
was at a gof tournament that mornng).
|1079|
Accordng to Sergeant Yeakey, Franey was not n the budng:
Luke Franey was not n the budng at the tme of the bast, I know ths for a fact, I
saw hm! I aso saw fu rot gear worn wth rfes n hand, why?
|1080|
Yeakey aso wrote that Franey ran into the budng. Whe news footage showed
Franey standng n a bown-out wndow on the 9th foor shorty after the bast, he
appeared surprsngy neat and cean. Hs appearance contrasted sharpy wth
other survvors who were covered n dust and debrs. In the photos, Franey s
hodng a box n one hand, and a wake-take n the other.
Interestngy, Franey ater showed up at Genn Wburn's house wth a bandaged
arm. Was Franey one of the agents who Dr. Chumey refused to bandage?
Accordng to a federa aw-enforcement supervsor who works n the Federa
Protectve Servces, Franey "was a boody mess. He had a bg gash on hs
forehead."
|1081|
Whatever the true story, t s generay agreed that the Federa Budng was
suspcousy empty that mornng. Wendy Greer, the Sster-n-Law of senor FBI
335
Agent |m Voz (retred), tod me her brother sad that the FBI's offces at 50 Penn
Pace (severa mes from the Murrah Budng) aso appeared to be suspcousy
vacant that mornng.
If these agents weren't n ther offces, |ust where were they? Some FBI agents, t
appeared, were at a Speca Oympcs gof tournament n Shawnee (Webb tod me
he saw no ATF agents at the tournament). Yet ths st woudn't account for the
strange actvtes on Apr 19.
|1082|
In the eary mornng of Apr 19, Bob Fanders and hs wfe were drvng east on I-
44 at approxmatey 3:30 a.m., when they saw a strange team of men near the
State Fargrounds. The men, dressed n government back and drvng back cars,
were n the grass aongsde the road, operatng "hoops" - crcuar-shaped, rado
beacon drectona fnders. Fanders recaed that the devces were about the sze
of a car steerng whee, and the men hed them over ther heads, sowy rotatng
them n a crcuar pattern.
|1083|
At around 4:00 a.m., a man who was drvng home after work saw another team
operatng these unusua ookng devces, ths tme by the Afred P. Murrah Budng.
As he approached 5th Street, he was drected to one ane. The person drectng
traffc was not a poce offcer, and was standng next to a whte vehce wth a
yeow strpe. As the man drove by, he saw severa men on the sdewak hodng
these hoop-ke devces above ther heads, sowy turnng them n dfferent
drectons. As the man passed through, a roadbock was set up behnd hm, and a
traffc was dverted from the area.
The equpment these wtnesses are descrbng matches that of RDF drecton
fndng antennas that are used to home n on eectronc transmtters. Was there a
conceaed rado transmtter on the one of the Ryder trucks, sendng out a sgna to
these teams? It s key, gven the requrements of a successfu stng operaton,
that they were eectroncay trackng the Ryder truck. The ocaton of the team at
the fargrounds, hgh on a h overookng the cty, s a cue to ts ntended msson.
Yet why were they trackng the truck? Had ther quarry euded them? Is t possbe
that one of the bombers, perhaps one of ther own trusted undercover agents,
turned off the transmtter, resutng n the oss of the sgna? If so, t seems that the
agents woud have had what's known n aw-enforcement parance as a "oose ta,"
and, t appeared, they were frantcay tryng to fnd the truck.
Andreas Strassmer, McVegh's frend and aeged government operatve, admtted
that much n an ntervew wth the 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h1s Ambrose Evans-
Prtchard:
The truck had a transmtter, so they coud track t wth a rado recevng devce. I
don't know how they coud have ost contact. I thnk there was msnformaton that
the operaton had been canceed.
336
Accordng to KPOC's Davd Ha, the pan was to arrest the bombers at 3:30 n the
mornng. Gven the ATF's past pubcty stunts, t s key that they were hopng to
arrest the suspects at or near the Murrah Budng to ensure a hghy pubczed
bust. As Strassmer tod Evans-Prtchard:
"It's obvous that t was a government 'op' that went wrong, sn't t? The ATF had
somethng gong wth McVegh. They were watchng hm - of course they were,"
he asserted, wthout quafcaton. "What they shoud have done s make an arrest
whe the bomb was st beng made nstead of watng t the ast moment for a
pubcty stunt. They had everythng they needed to make the bust, and they
screwed t up."
|1084||1085|
Strassmer added that the ATF thought that the bomb was set to go off at 2 or 3
a.m., but somehow the pan was changed. "McVegh made some changes n the
pan," sad Strassmer. "He s a very undscpned soder, you know... In
retrospect, the ATF shoud have made the bust when the bomb was beng but n
|uncton Cty."
|1086|
The bombers, accordng to the former Eohm Cty securty chef, were to be
captured "durng the nght, when no one was there - that's why the ATF had the
budng staked out from mdnght unt 6:00 a.m. Later, the nformant beeved
that the bombng was off for the day and reported that... the ATF ost contro of the
stuaton, and McVegh and the others were abe to bomb the budng."
|1087|
Whe Strassmer heaps most of the bame on the ATF, he does task the FBI for ts
faure:
The dfferent agences weren't cooperatng. In fact, they were workng a%ainst
each other. You even had a stuaton where one branch of the FBI was
nvestgatng and not sharng anythng wth another branch of the FBI.. Whoever
thought ths thng up s an dot, n my opnon.
|1088|
Whe Strassmer contnuay protested that he hmsef was not nvoved n the pot,
as ether a suspect or a provocateur, he dd say that the potters conssted of "four
|men|, pus the nformant and McVegh."
"They probaby were gong to entrap whoever was comng n," sad Sherrow. "They
had enough ntegence that they were gong to set up an operaton to pop ths
guy, whether t was McVegh or whoever ese, and somethng fe through the
cracks..
"Takng from the perspectve of a former ATF man, say they're gong to buy
exposves, or et somebody pant a bomb. they w et the dea go unt the ast
second, before makng the arrest."
Somehow, the dea went wrong.
337
Whe ths startng evdence woud soon make tsef known to nvestgators,
bombng vctms, and a mted segment of the pubc - the "|ustce" Department,
federa prosecutors, and the ATF a rushed to refute the evdence.
"Can you magne f we had known that. and et that happen?" sad ATF agent
Harry Eberhardt. "I had a ot of frends n that budng - a ot of frends.. We
never woud have et that happen."
|1089|
Dewy Webb, the current ATF RAC, concurred. "They had so many frends they ost
n the bombng - they had to pck whch funera they coud go to."
|1090|
Athough Eberhardt's reasonng sounds vad, t s key hs concern s overrated.
Whe t s doubtfu the ATF, FBI, or oca offcas woud purposefuy aow such a
catastrophc event to occur, t s key - hghy probabe n fact - that through
ther stupdty and neggence, such an event dd occur.
|1091|
Sad Sherrow, "I've got agents n ther court testmony sayng that they don't care
about the pubc's safety. They don't consder t. They arranged to meet wth a guy
here n Phoenx who aegedy had hundreds of pounds of exposves, and they
chose a crowded shoppng center parkng ot, runnng around wth MP-5 |sub-
machneguns| and handguns and everythng ese.
"Ths happened before Okahoma, and t contnues to happen. We had a case n
Pennsyvana where a guy wanted to se a sma amount of exposves. He wanted
to meet |the agents| way out n the country. Instead they decded to meet hm on
an Interstate rest stop that was |ammed wth peope, and brought the meda. They
endanger the pubc rght and eft and they don't care about t."
|1092|
Sherrow's anayss s based on more than hstorca precedent and nformed
opnon. Whe ATF agents refused to admt ther nvovement n the bunged
operaton, Martz met wth oca TV producers behnd cosed doors shorty after the
bombng. Hs ntent was to convnce the |ournasts that what was underway was a
senstve undercover operaton, and that they shoud take pans not to revea t.
Ths s most nterestng consderng that ATF agent Angea Fney-Graham's report
of August 30 stated that ther nvestgaton of Eohm Cty was cassfed as
"SENSITIVE" and "SIGNIFICANT" (as opposed to routne), and the nvestgaton
concerned "terrorst/extremst" organzatons.
Accordng to former ATF offca Robert Sanders, such cassfcatons mean that a
reports woud automatcay be sent to Washngton, as we as beng routney
routed to Martz at the Daas Fed Offce, whch n fact, t was.
Sanders, who hed every possbe supervsory poston ncudng that of ATF
Assstant Drector, tod The New Americanmagazne that the actvtes cted n the
ATF reports have "such a hgh potenta for affectng natona securty" that they
338
woud have most key been sent to the heads of the Treasury and |ustce
Departments as we as the Whte House and Natona Securty Counc.
|1093|
As f fnay statng the obvous, Martz admtted to the ncreduous reporters was
that there was ndeed a stng operaton underway on the nght of the 18th that
was caed off at 0600 hours (6:00 a.m.). When reporters asked Martz f the
operaton nvoved Tmothy McVegh, he reped "I can nether confrm or deny
that."
|1094||1095|
Davd Ha attended the cosed-door meetng wth Martz. "I don't beeve that the
ATF wred the budng and bew t up. I do beeve that they knew that there was
gong to be a possbe bomb threat to the budng, because they had set t up
themseves, wth ther nformants and dfferent peope they were workng wth.
And somebody reay spped t to 'em."
|1096|
Ha had aso been ong-tme frends wth Harry Eberhardt, and was one of the frst
to deveop nsde nformaton regardng the ATF's actvtes that mornng. Whe
Martz hed fast to hs cam that three ATF agents were n the Murrah Budng at
the tme of the bast, Ha nssts, "that's an outrght e."
|1097|
The seasoned nvestgatve |ournast contends that at east eght of the ATF's
reguar compment of 13 agents were on assgnment away from the Federa
Budng that mornng. "Three agents (Don Gspe, Debert Canopp and Tm Key)
were n federa court n Newkrk, on an arson case that occurred n Ponca Cty..
Two agents (Karen Smpson and Harry Eberhardt) were n federa court n
Okahoma Cty. Three more were n Garfed County at a hearng. The other fve
were out on surveance."
|1098|
|ust who were they surveng?
"As far as can be determned," sad Sherrow, "they had an undercover stng
operaton. They had a stng operaton gong that nght, wth about sx agents
nvoved, and they termnated t at sx n the mornng. Martz has admtted to ths,
then snce backed off.. gven the crcumstances, t's reasonabe to assume that
the person they were surveng was McVegh."
Ha concurs. "We deveoped from our sources nsde the ATF that fve agents were
up on surveance a nght ong. We have to assume at that pont, bascay
probaby surveng ether McVegh - and et me say ths about McVegh - there's
a good chance that McVegh coud be the nformant n ths operaton."
Accordng to Genn Wburn, the ATF's pans changed at the ast mnute, and they
stood down at 6:30 a.m. Then the Bomb Squad came on the scene at 6:30,
checked the budng for bombs, then stood down at 8:30. When the budng bew
up at 9:02 a.m., a the agents and poce, who were aready on the scene or
nearby, qucky responded.
339
Yet t appears there s more to the story. Ha cams that on the nght before the
bombng, severa wtnesses saw McVegh meet wth ATF agent Aex McCauey and
two other ndvduas of Mdde Eastern descent n an Okahoma Cty McDonads at
approxmatey 9:30 p.m. "He was a known ATF agent," sad Ha. "|And| money
changed hands."
Coud ths money have been the $2,000 that was dscovered on McVegh at the
tme of hs arrest?
Terry Nchos was ntervewed by Ha eary on, and was tod that McVegh had met
wth "men" who had provded hm wth a $2,000 pay-off. Nchos eft the restaurant
at approxmatey 9:45 p.m. and drove back to hs home n Herrngton, Kansas. Ha
ntervewed Nchos' neghbors who camed he arrved eary that mornng.
|1099|
Another wtness, an undentfed homeess man, contacted KTOK reporter |erry
Bonnen, and tod hm McVegh drove past the McDonads and yeed "Hey, want to
have a few beers?" McVegh then gave the man some cash, whereupon he
purchased two quarts at the Tota convenence store across the street. A Tota
empoyee, Ron Wams, reported that a Ryder truck was parked at the McDonads.
|1100|
An anonymous nformant who contacted Representatve Key, camng to be a
frend of the brother one of those nvoved n the bombng, sad that McVegh had
ndeed met federa agents at an unnamed restaurant n Okahoma Cty, and had
rendezvoused wth at east four of them pror to the bombng. Key taped the
conversaton:
"Ths guy here, he has a recordng - a vdeo recordng - a camcorder recordng
that shows ths same DEA agent and. McVegh n the parkng ot of a restaurant.
And ths s was shot about dusk. And two peope n suts go over to the car,
McVegh and ths DEA agent get out and they're standng back by the trunk. And
the DEA agent's pattng McVegh on the shouder, and then one of the two men n
suts passes McVegh a whte enveope and then they eave, And he has ths on
tape."
|1101|
Whe Representatve Key never dd get the vdeotape, another source cose to the
nvestgaton tod hm that McVegh was ndeed an nformant.
What he ddn't expan was the reason for the presence of the DEA.
KFOR's Brad Edwards deveoped smar nformaton," sad Ha, "from totay
dfferent sources. "So we have four dfferent sources teng us ths. He aso has the
same name of the agent (McCauey). "I thnk that when ths s a sad and done,
that we're gong to fnd out - and ths s what I've sad from the begnnng - that
ths was a stng operaton gone sour."
340
But do you reay need two tons of exposve n order to set up a stng? Yes,
accordng to Ha. Ammonum-ntrate sn't ega n Okahoma, and a few hundred
pounds won't convnce prosecutors there was a serous bomb threat n the works.
"I thnk the ntent there was to show that t was gong to do some damage, rather
than, you know, a ppe bomb. It woudn't brng the ntenton here n
Okahoma."
|1102|
Strassmer agrees. "I am tod they thought t woud be better to put a bgger bomb
n there. The bgger the better. It woud make them more guty.."
|1103|
Whe Martz woud not confrm who the actua target of the stng was, one person
who dd confrm t was a man who spoke wth bombng survvor and actvst
Ramona McDonad. McDonad had formed a group caed Heroes of the Heart.
Through her numerous meetngs wth paramedcs and poce, frefghters and even
some federa agents, McDonad began earnng the sckenng truth about what
reay happened that day.
As the meetngs wore on, a consensus was reached that the truth needed to be
tod. The queston was how. As McVegh's tra approached, McDonad and her
group were gearng up for a tra of ther own. McDonad had contacted former
Pentagon counter-terrorsm anayst |esse Cear, and Cear had contacted a young
fre-brand attorney named |oseph Camerata. Camerata's ntent was to gather
together survvors and famy members, and brng a neggence sut aganst the
Federa Government.
In August of 1996, about a month before Camerata came to Okahoma to ntervew
hs prospectve cents, McDonad receved a mysterous phone ca. Athough the
caer ddn't dentfy hmsef by name, McDonad thought she recognzed the voce
of as that of Representatve Ernest Istook (R-OK). The caer was concerned. "What
do we have to do to get you to drop ths?" he asked McDonad.
Athough he ddn't reaze t, McDonad was tapng the conversaton. The scenaro
the caer ays out s, to the unntated, both startng and frghtenng. He descrbes
n amost precse deta how the operaton was a stng gone bad; how federa
agents aowed a truck wth a powerfu bomb to be drven through a crowded cty
and parked next to a budng contanng hundreds of peope. And, reveang the
mystery of the eusve |ohn Doe 2, he expans how he was an undercover agent,
supposed to dffuse the bomb at the ast mnute. and faed to do so.
|1104|
Caller: "I don't thnk they expected the truck to bow up. I beeve, and I've
beeved ths for a ong tme. I beeve that number two - |ohn Doe #2 - was a
federa agent workng undercover. And I beeve that he heped McVegh stea the
goods and heped buy the equpment, and I beeve that he heped McVegh make
the bomb, and I beeve that hs whoe task n ths whoe thng. hs ony rea task
was to render the devce safe so that the federa agents coud pretend to remove t
and move n. They dd not want to move n unt he was ceared of the scene so
that they woudn't tp ther hands. See what I'm sayng? And the odds are pretty
341
good that whoe reason behnd ths s because they were after someone bgger
than McVegh, whch means they probaby thnk he was nked to somebody n the
Mta movement or somethng ke that.
"So I thnk what you're sayng. you know I understand what you're sayng. but I
don't thnk you see the bg pcture. I don't thnk that , you know, I'd ony dvuge a
ook at the bg pcture f that's the actua scenaro. If that's the actua scenaro,
whch I beeve t to be, I thnk there reay s no cam that the agent, that was |ohn
Doe #2, dd not render the bomb safe. Whch he very we may have rendered the
bomb safe, and then McVegh may have put n a second fa-safe whch he ddn't
know about. Whch s probaby what's happened..
"I woud bet money on that's, n fact, the way ths whoe thng came down. Yes,
they stood out n front of the budng. Yes, they foowed hm drecty to the
budng. Yes, they watched hm get out of the budng. get out of the truck. Yes,
they watched hm drve off. That's not . that was ther *lan. I don't beeve they
ever panned to apprehend hm anywhere near the budng. I beeve that |ohn
Doe #2 was a federa wtness. Hs |ob was to render the devce safe. Therefore, the
ony thng sttng out n front of that budng was a bomb. a truck oaded wth a
bomb that woud not go off. And I thnk that's the stuaton. In fact I know t s."
Mc2onald: "Okay. so. so why ddn't they |ust come out and expan that to
everybody?"
Caller: "The pubc doesn't have to know that. When t comes to the natona
securty and thngs ke ths, the pubc does not have to know. the pubc s not
requred to know. Frst of a, by dong that, they woud've, uh, put ther wtness,
whch s the federa agent |ohn Doe #2, they woud have bown hs cover, frst of
a. Whch possby he's nvoved n somethng rght now that you have no dea
about. You know, there very we may have been numerous pots nvovng
numerous budngs. See what I'm sayng? You don't have the whoe pcture.
wthout fu knowedge. what you may do may cost them ther ves. You shoud
be very aware of that."
Mc2onald: "Okay. We, that's what I've been tryng to be very carefu of. I don't
want to see anyone ese get hurt. At the same tme."
Caller: ".We, f that guy's cover's been bown, he'd dead aready."
Mc2onald: "Do you thnk so?"
Caller: "Sure. I'm sure. Once you have gone up to ths pont, t has gotten out,
whch I'm sure t has, because there are moes everywhere. the chances are good
that he's been termnated aready and ths whoe thng has bown up n ther face. I
don't beeve that, out of an act of neggence, these hghy traned professonas
woud have aowed that man to eave that truck out n front of that budng wth
ts ve bomb n t."
342
Mc2onald: No, no, no. It stood out there for the whoe tme, from the tme t
pued up unt t went off."
Caller: "That's what I'm sayng. They woud not have aowed t. The ony reason
they aowed the truck to st there so ong, s because n my opnon they were
under the mpresson that that bomb was rendered safe. And I'd say that there was
no rush. there was no reason. to evacuate the budng. There was no rush to
make an arrest. The truck was |ust gong to st out there unt they went and towed
t off. So I don't thnk they thought t was an emergency and I thnk ether that |ohn
Doe #2 made a mstake n renderng the bomb safe, or McVegh was smart enough
to pant a second fa-safe. Whch most bomb makers do."
Mc2onald: "Do you thnk that's why they ddn't te anybody?"
Caller: "No. The bomb was safe as far as they knew."
Mc2onald: "Okay. We, that expans why there was so many of them (federa
agents) there so fast."
Caller: "Exacty. They foowed hm to the budng, ther agent was n the truck
wth hm when they foowed hm to the budng, everythng was under contro, as
far as they thought, a they had was the man who but the bomb that was not
gong to go off, because ther agent had rendered t safe. And ther whoe thng
was not a probem. Let hm drve hs truck rght n front of hs target, then they
aowed hm to drve off.
"Once he drves off, he renders the truck safe, and then we can have the trooper
arrest hm on the nterstate for bogus charges. Whch they dd, and ths was a
panned out 100 percent. I. I. I don't beeve they aowed that truck."
Mc2onald: "You don't thnk they ntentonay et the bomb go off?"
Caller: "No, that's rght. I' never beeve that."
Mc2onald: "We, I mean, that's the ony thng about ths that I found so hard to
beeve."
Caller: "They. they thought the bomb was safe. They thought that ther agent,
who was n the truck and who heped prepare the bomb, woud set t so t woud
not go off. Now, whether McVegh went back to the truck. where the agent dd
not know. and put a second fa-safe. or the agent made a mstake and dd not
actuay render the bomb safe ke he was supposed to. that's what's gong on
here."
Mc2onald: "We, see, that's t then. I wanted someone that woud be abe to te
us for a fact f ths was, ke, deberate or not. You know what I'm sayng?"
343
Caller: "I'm not gong to te you that. Let me te you somethng. I'm sure they
had. everythng was under surveance there. So I'm sure they do have pctures
of the budng bowng up, and I'm sure they do have pctures of federa agents,
and I'm sure they do have audo tapes of them sayng: Let 'em go, et 'em go.
Wat, wat, wat." there was no rush n ther mnd. In ther mnd, there was no rush
to get that truck away from that budng. that bomb. was not supposed to go
off.
"Therefore, everythng they dd, fts, f you thnk about t. they foowed t, they
aowed t to drve up there knowng that there was a bomb n the truck. Ther dea
was to et |ohn Doe #2 - ther federa agent - they woud be abe to use hm n
further nvestgatons of these bombngs of these groups that are n mta groups.
And ths was a perfect entry n, because he coud have went through there.
"After McVegh was arrested, |ohn Doe #2 woud have become a hero to the cause
of the mtas. And the mtas woud have taken hm n and hd hm, whch woud
have made hm part of the nfrastructure of the mtas. Whch s what ther goa
was for ths whoe thng. was to bust the mtas. If you take the bg pcture, and
ook at the +i% pcture, there were very few mstakes made on ths stng operaton.
(except bowng up a budng and kng 169 peope - ed.) Wth the excepton that
|ohn Doe #2, the federa agent, dd not render the bomb safe. |ust thnk of t ths
way, Ramona."
Mc2onald: "I've aways been a bg fan of the Unted States and that, but then.
I've aways been. ths was the one thng that bothered me."
Caller: "They ddn't et the budng fa ntentonay. Ther opnon was that ths
bomb was rendered safe and ths bomb woud not go off. And ther whoe thng on
ths thng. f you thnk about t. t makes sense from a tactca standpont. You
woud foow the truck to the budng. You aow your ead suspect to get away
from the budng because t ddn't bow up, because t's not supposed to. You take
|ohn Doe #2. he gets away, whch s your federa agent. |ohn Doe #1 - McVegh
- s arrested on a bogus charge and then ater proven that he's the one who
panted the bomb that dd not go off."
Mc2onald: "But you honesty don't thnk that they reay ntended."
Caller: "Not at a. Not at a. They woud not have to. No.. Bascay, what
happened s, ths was a mstake. Someone screwed up and the ony one that
screwed up. The agents on the scene? They ddn't screw up. They dd exacty
what ther orders were: Wat. aow the suspect to eave the scene. Once the
suspect had eft the scene, then render the truck safe, whch s aready safe. A
they have to do s get n, gve t a hot-wre, and drve t off to a safe ocaton and
then open up the back and dsarm the bomb. Whch was supposedy rendered safe
to begn wth. Okay?
344
"And then, from there. they charge n. See, the pan. ths pan was put n
moton before the bomb ever went off. Ther ntent was to aow McVegh to be
arrested ater on. |ohn Doe#2 to get away. and then, |ohn Doe #2, the Federa
Government woud have reeased a sketch or pcture. And then, that man woud
have had to go underground and hde. Where woud he hde? He woud have hd
wth the mtas. The mtas woud take hm n as a hero. The mtas woud gve
hm hero status n the Mta movement, whch woud aow hm to be prvy to
nformaton that the government coud use ater on.
".they dd not want that budng to bow up. I guarantee you ths. ther whoe
ntent was that that bomb was rendered safe before t was ever parked n front of
that budng. otherwse, they woud have quety."
Mc2onald: ".Got everybody out of the budng?"
Caller: "Got everybody out of the budng, before the bomb ever even pued up n
front of the budng. There was no reason for them to do that, because accordng
to ther pan, the bomb was safe now. There was no reason to evacuate the
budng and the panc. because there was a truck oaded wth a bomb that was
not gong to bow up.."
Mc2onald: "Okay."
Caller: "See what I'm sayng? And |ohn Doe#2.. By gong ths far wth t. Let me
expan somethng to you. Your actons have consequences. There are a ot of
wtnesses. There are a ot of agents rght now n the hs that are nftratng these
mta groups, and. a these peope w get ked. Ther bood w be on your
hands. I understand that you want. If I reay thought that the government
aowed the budng to bow up, I woud be wth you 100 percent. But I know. and
I beeve. they were horrfed when the bomb went off. reay horrfed."
Mc2onald: "Yeah, they a ooked ke they were n shock."
Caller: "They fgured, as soon as McVegh got free, as soon as he got. drove off
n hs car. and I' te you somethng they dd. Do you what they dd?"
Mc2onald: "What?"
Caller: "They stoe hs cense pate off that car. You know why? So they'd have
probabe cause to stop hm on the nterstate.. They stoe hs pate. Why do you
thnk the pate was never found? Hs pate was stoen from the vehce and the
Federa Government stoe the pate from the vehce, so that he woud be
arrested. |ohn Doe #2 woud go free, they woud put a sketch out that woud
make hm 'Amerca's Most Wanted.' The ony pace that a man that woud be
wanted by the government can hde woud be to be hd by the mta groups nsde
ther nfrastructure.
345
"But once he nftrates the nfrastructure. and he's n. a of a sudden he's a
hero. And rght now, you know, these groups probaby beeve that they have |ohn
Doe #2 and that they're hdng hm from the government and they're dong the
patrotc thng. and they beeve that the budng should hae bown up. So
they're hodng hm. Now, ths man's prvy to a knds of nformaton about future
bombngs, whch we don't even know how many bombs they hae stopped
because the agents. how many ves have been saved because that agent's now
n the mta. And f ths comes to ght. ths operaton."
What the caer does s attempt to nst gut n McDonad over her efforts to revea
the truth. Yet McDonad dd not aow 169 nnocent peope to be ked through her
neggence and stupdty. The government dd.
Ths rdcuous and mmora ratonae s smar to that used by Wnston Church
durng WWII. Church knew the German Luftwaffe were gong to bomb the cty of
Coventry, because the Brtsh had cracked the German code usng a devce caed
the "Engma" machne. Church feared that by evacuatng Coventry on the nght
n queston, the Germans woud reaze ther codes had been broken and change
them, thus hamperng Brtsh ntegence efforts. Church, havng knowedge of
the forthcomng rad, et t proceed, at the cost of thousands of ves and mons n
property damage, n order not to compromse ther source - n ths case - the
Engma machne.
In a smar ven, the Feds woud cover up the truth of the Okahoma Cty bombng
so as not to compromse ther undercover agent - |ohn Doe 2 - and utmatey,
revea ther own neggence.
Nevertheess, McDonad's caer makes the case that she shoud respect these
agents, who he terms "hghy traned professonas," conductng an operaton that
has aready resuted n the crmnay neggent deaths of 169 peope, and aow t
to contnue unabated, when t was undoubtedy government agents who acted as
provocateurs and goaded the suspects nto carryng out the bombng n the frst
pace!
Of course, these "hghy traned, dedcated professonas" he taks so admrngy
about are the same "hghy traned, dedcated professonas" who murdered 86
nnocent men, women and chdren at Waco; who practcay murdered an entre
nnocent famy at Ruby Rdge; who dropped a bomb on the MOVE housng actvsts
n Phadepha, kng 11 peope, ncudng fve chdren; and who bunged the
Word Trade Center stng operaton, resutng n the deaths of sx peope and the
n|ury of over 1,000.
What ntwt s supposed to buy the story that "hghy traned, dedcated
professonas" woud drve a truck aden wth exposves around a busy cty - a
bomb that coud expode at any mnute? More key, the caer s usng the "federa
agent n danger" ne wth McDonad as a ruse to cover up the fact that these
346
"hghy traned, dedcated professonas" are nothng more than a bunch of hghy
dangerous, out-of-contro, sef-servng unatcs.
"The government must, and I say must, take responsbty for ther stng operaton
gong sour," sad HUD worker |ane Graham.. "We are not expendabe for ther
cause.."
|1105|
As of ths wrtng, the tape s beng anayzed by an audo forenscs expert. Those
Okahomans who have stened to the tape, however, strongy beeve that t s
Representatve Ernest Istook. Istook sts on the Subcommttee on Natona
Securty, whch woud tend to expan hs ratonae that "the pubc doesn't have to
know.. When t comes to the natona securty and thngs ke ths, the pubc does
not have to know.."
Istook aso voted for the 1995 Crme and Ant-Terrorsm bs, and s reportedy
very frendy wth Senator Orn Hatch, one of the orgna drafters of the atter.
Istook s aso on cose terms wth the FBI, whch woud go a ong way towards
expanng hs apoogetc tone. He ves n the same Congressona dstrct and
neghborhood (Warr Acres) as McDonad.
|1106|
Ths scenaro s aso renforced by a second ndvdua - a poce offcer named
Bob Cancem. He tod McDonad he knows "for a fact" that authortes knew n
advance specfcay when and how the Ryder truck-bomb was to arrve at the
Federa Budng. But, he says, somethng went "very wrong;" the bomb was
supposed to have been dsarmed. "I fee pretty confdent that they knew exacty
what was gong on," he sad, "and |ust. thngs ddn't go accordng to pan."
|1107|
Cancem's nformaton, and that of McDonad's caer, s backed up by Dana
Bradey. Peerng out the wndow of the Soca Securty offce mnutes before the
bast, Bradey caught a gmpse of a stocky, dark-sknned man extng the
passenger sde of the Ryder truck. She sad the man waked to the back of the
truck to open the door, then spun around, ookng "very nervous, amost
confused." He then ran down 5th Street n the opposte drecton and |umped nto a
brown pck-up whch sped away. Coud the man's confused expresson have been
the resut of an unexpected occurrence? Perhaps when he fted the rear gate he
saw a second tmng devce attached to the bomb that he ddn't know how to
dsarm? And not knowng what to do, he fed.
Yet whe the caer admts the government's nvovement n the bombng, he fas
to take nto account the addtona bombs paced inside the budng. He fas to
expan why the government qucky demoshed the bomb ste, destroyng a
forensc evdence. And hs story does not account for the Mdde Eastern and
numerous other suspects.
The caer's expanaton aso goes a ong way towards expanng a statement
made by Terry Nchos after hs arrest. When Lana Pada asked her ex-husband
347
durng a prson vst about |ohn Doe 2, he sad, "If they want to fnd |ohn Doe 2,
they shoud ook n ther own backyard."
|1108|
What s cear s that the government coud take no chances n aowng any of ther
undercover operatves and nformants - Strassmer, Bresca, Howe, Gagan,
Hussan, and others - to testfy at tra. To cover ther butts, federa aw
enforcement agences gnored, dscredted, and even ked those who attempted
to revea the truth. As Offcer Terrance Yeakey wrote before he was murdered:
I took an oath to uphod the Law and to enforce the Law to the best of my abty.
Ths s somethng I cannot honesty do and hod my head up proud any onger f I
keep my sence as I am ordered to do.
My guess s the more tme an offcer has to thnk about the screw up the more he
s gong to queston what happened. Can you magne what woud be comng
down now f that had been our offcers' who had et ths happen? Because t was
the feds that dd ths and not the ocas, s the reason t's okay.
The sad truth of the matter s that they have so many poce offcers convnced
that by coverng up the truth about the operaton gone wrong, that they are
actuay dong our ctzens a favor. What I want to know s how many other
operatons have they had that bew up n ther faces? Makes you stop and take
another ook at Waco.
I woud consder t to be an nsut to my professon as a poce offcer and to the
ctzens of Okahoma for ANY of the Cty, State or Federa agents that stood by and
et ths happen to be recognzed as any thng other than ther part n partcpaton
n ettng ths happen..
Fnay, whe those who sad the bombng was an excuse to destroy the Mta
movement were dsmssed as sef-deuded paranoacs, McDonad's caer admts
the entire o*eration was to ensnare the Militia moementJ Of course, McDonad's
caer makes no dstncton between mtas and neo-Naz groups. mta groups
angry denounced the bombng, as any sef-respectng ctzen woud, and certany
no mta member woud consder a person who ked 169 nnocent peope a hero.
If the bombng of the Afred P. Murrah Budng was merey a faed stng operaton,
where dd t go wrong? Those who remember the Word Trade Center bombng,
may reca that t, too, was a foued stng operaton.
In that case, the FBI's orgna pan to entrap the A-Gama'a a-Isamya group was
to have ther undercover operatve, Emad E Saem, substtute a harmess powder
for the rea exposve, whch he woud hep them bud. Instead, due to a
"dsagreement," the FBI pued Saem off the case.
Lke Cary Gagan, who tred to warn the FBI of the Okahoma Cty bombng, and
Samra Mahayoun, who tred to warn offcas of the Pan Am 103 attack, Saem,
348
they nssted, was |ust not credbe. Severa weeks ater, a truck-bomb detonated
under the Word Trade Center, kng sx peope and n|urng 1,000 more.
Unbeknownst to the FBI, Saem, a former Egyptan Army coone, had secrety
recorded hs conversatons wth hs FBI handers.
|1109|
Portons of the tapes were
made pubc and reprnted n the Wall Street Journal and the New 'ork Times.. In
broken Engsh, Saem taks wth the unnamed FBI supervsor who pued hm off
the case:
"We' be gong budng the bomb wth a phony powder, and grabbng the peope
who was nvoved n t. But snce you, we ddn't do that."
When Saem decded to compan to FBI headquarters, FBI supervsor |ohn Antcev
dssuaded hm: "He sad, I don't thnk that the New York peope woud ke the
thngs out of the New York Offce to go to Washngton, D.C."
Saem's mmedate hander, agent Nancy Foyd, s heard on the tapes agreeng
wth the Egyptan's account, sayng, "We, of course not, because they don't want
to get ther butts chewed."
In one conversaton, Saem tes Foyd:
"Snce the bomb went off, I fee terrbe. I fee bad. I fee here s peope who don't
sten."
Ms. Foyd seems to commserate, sayng: "Hey, I mean t wasn't ke you ddn't try,
and I ddn't try."
.Saem recounts another pont n the conversaton he sad he had wth Antcev,
sayng:
"I sad, 'Guys, now you saw ths bomb went off, and you both know that we coud
avod that.'"
.Saem taks of the pan to substtute harmess powder for exposves durng
another conversaton wth Agent Foyd. In that conversaton, he recas a prevous
dscusson wth Antcev. Mr. Saem says he tod the other agent:
"Do you deny that your supervsor s the man reason of bombng the Word Trade
Center?"
Mr. Saem sad that Antcev dd not deny t.
|1110|
What s aso nterestng to note s that not ony dd the FBI "fou up" the operaton,
but they had Saem act as a provocateur, recommendng potenta targets,
teachng the terrorsts how to bud the bomb, then teachng them how to drve the
truck used n the bombng!
349
As the Wall Street Journal reported n regards to Saem's actvtes nsde the
Shek's group mmedatey foowng the Word Trade Center bombng:
Mr. Saem heped organze the "batte pan" that the government aeged ncuded
pots to bomb the Unted Natons and FBI budngs n New York, and the Hoand
and Lncon tunnes beneath the Hudson Rver. Workng wth a charsmatc
Sudanese man named Sddg A, a foower of Shek Omar, Mr. Saem recruted
seven oca Musms to scout targets, pan tactcs and obtan chemcas and
eectrca parts for bombs, the government aeged. The FBI supped a safehouse
n Oueens.
|1111|
As Foyd ater expaned to her superor, "Emad had the nformaton about the
bombs and where they wanted to have them paced. If we had done what we were
supposed to have done, we woud have known about t. we woud have used our
heads and come up wth the souton of tryng to neutraze the stuaton."
|1112|
When these "hghy-traned, dedcated professonas" pued Saem off the case,
the bombers contacted Ramz Yousef, an Iraq agent and expert bomb maker.
Mu|ahadeen veteran and Word Trade Center bomber Mamud Abouhama met
Yousef n Afghanstan n 1988, and brought hm and co-consprator Ahmed A|a| to
the U.S. n September of 1992. Far from budng a harmess devce, Yousef
constructed a sophstcated, powerfu bomb, capabe of causng extensve damage.
Had patsy drver Mohammed Saemeh parked the truck next to a key coumn, they
mght have topped the 110 story Twn Towers, kng as many as B;/;;; *eo*leJ
As Wam Norman Grgg wrtes n the February 19, 1997 ssue of the New
American7
Shorty after Yousef's arrva, the FBI subpoenaed two dozen of Shek Omar's
foowers and questoned them about the shek, Nosar, and Abouhama. However,
no arrests were made, no grand |ury nvestgaton was aunched, and the FBI chose
to downgrade ts scrutny of Omar's network - |ust as pans were beng fnazed
for the Trade Center bombng. Ths curous decson s even more pecuar n ght
of the fact that the FBI had obtaned ntegence on the network's capabtes and
ntentons from Emad A. Saem, a former Egyptan Army offcer and FBI nformant
who served as Omar's securty guard.
The FBI defended themseves by aegng that Saem had refused to cooperate wth
FBI gudenes and procedures. He ddn't want to wear a body-wre they camed,
and refused to testfy aganst hs so-caed terrorst comrades n court. Saem was
summary dsmssed. When these "hghy-traned, dedcated professonas" pued
Saem off the case, they ost contro of the stuaton, and the bombers made ther
move.
The FBI camed the exact same thng about one of ther nformants n the
Okahoma Cty bombng case - Cary Gagan. Athough the |ustce Department
granted Gagan a Letter of Immunty, they and the "hghy-traned, dedcated
350
professonas" of the FBI faed to foow up on the nformant's apparenty credbe
nformaton. Gagan hadn't |ust contacted the FBI and the Marshas Servce once or
twce regardng the pot, but had nformed them on numerous occasons of the
terrorsts' pans. To the Gagan's knowedge, none of ths nformaton was foowed
up.
After the bombng, the |ustce Department tred to mantan that Gagan wasn't
credbe. The U.S. Attorney's Offce revoked hs Letter of Immunty, gnored hs
nformaton, and apparenty tred to assassnate hm. In order to prove ther bogus
aegatons, they removed reports from hs nformant fe that showed Gagan had
asssted the DEA n recoverng crtca nformaton.
The government's conduct n deang wth Gagan paraeed ther treatment of
Caro Howe. As dscussed prevousy, Tusa ATF Agent Angea Fney-Graham had
paced Howe nsde Eohm Cty, where she reported on the actvtes of Mahon,
Strassmer, and others aegedy nvoved n the pot. It was recenty earned that
Howe had secrety taped conversatons wth her ATF hander as Saem had. Those
tapes have not been made pubc as of ths wrtng.
St, the government woud try to cover ts tracks by camng that Howe's
nformaton was unspecfc, and that she was emotonay unstabe. Yet two days
after the bombng, the ATF renewed ts contract wth her, and sent her back to
Eohm Cty to coect addtona nformaton. In the aftermath of the Word Trade
Center bombng, the FBI renewed ts assocaton wth Emad Saem, payng hm a
reported $1 mon to nftrate Shek Omar's group once agan.
Gven the Tusa ATF's nterest n Strassmer and Eohm Cty, t s hghy key that
they were the nta target of the stng. ATF agent Angea Fney -Graham
conferred wth her superors about radng the compound n February of '95 and
arrestng Strassmer, but FBI and Do| offcas advsed aganst t.
|1113|
The ATF's actons at Eohm Cty were a curous parae to those of the FBI's n New
York. As the 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h1s Ambrose Evans-Prtchard stated, "It
appears that the oca BATF had stumbed on a bgger operaton beng run by the
grown-ups at the |ustce Department."
|1114|
If the Arabs had potted wth neo-Nazs to bow up the Federa Budng. It s a
foregone concuson that they were under surveance by the ATF and FBI.
Reca that Tmothy McVegh and Sam Khad were both nvestgated by the FBI.
McVegh n 1993, and Khad n 1990. Snce Mke Khad was nvestgated for
esponage by Army CID, t s reasonabe to assume that attenton was focused on
hs brother as we.
Sad Davd Ha, "I fet ke. that probaby the agences nvoved n ths, ther ntent
was to te together some Patrot groups and to te n some other terrorst groups. I
thnk the ntent here was to say - go to Congress and say - that we have
351
domestc and foregn terrorst groups, Mdeast or foregn, workng together and
tryng to bow up budngs here n the Unted States."
It s key that the FBI became aware of couson between the two groups - neo-
Nazs and Arabs - as eary as 1994, when Cary Gagan reported that Terry Nchos
had met wth "Iranans" n Henderson, Nevada. Wth the nvovement of the Arabs,
and the whte supremacsts at Eohm Cty, the stng became a |ont ATF/FBI
operaton.
Interestngy, Ha earned that the FBI and the ATF got nto a shoutng match whe
debrefng |anet Reno. Accordng to Ha, when Reno eft the room, the FBI and ATF
began yeng at each other, angry accusng each other for the tragedy.
Somewhere aong the ne n Okahoma Cty, the FBI and ATF ost contro of the
stuaton, and the bombers were abe to make ther move. As n the Word Trade
Center case, someone who had nftrated the operaton n Okahoma had
substtuted a rea bomb for a phony one, or had paced a redundant tmer on the
bomb, or had smpy provded fase nformaton to the agents n charge, preventng
them from stoppng the attack.
Were the FBI and ATF doube-crossed by one of ther own nformants? Or, as n the
Pan Am case, dd someone n a poston of authorty ook at the stuaton and say,
."on1t sto* it/ let it %o.6
If the FBI and ATF were doube-crossed, t may have been by one of ther own
agents. Reca that Mchae Franks, a rogue Amercan agent wth connectons to
the Octopus, had provded the key nformaton that aowed Ahmed |br to target
Pan Am 103.
Former FBI SAC Ted Gundersen (head of the Los Angees fed offce) descrbed to
me what he caed a "unatera transfer" of CIA agents nto varous federa aw-
enforcement agences n the eary 1980s. The purpose of ths Reagan/Bush covert
pocy was to permt the CIA to head off any nconvenent nvestgatons that such
agences mght be undertakng. If so, t woud go a ong way towards expanng
the FBI's curousy tmed ft of ncompetence.
There are precedents. In 1971, Lous Tackwood, an agent provocateur workng out
of the LAPD's Crmna Conspracy Secton (CCS), charged that the CCS "had been
set up on the same bass as the CIA." Tackwood dscosed that CCS agents -
approxmatey 125 of whom were agent provocateurs - were sponsored by federa
ntegence agences. As researcher Aex Constantne notes n hs book, $lood/
!arna%e/ and the A%ent )roocateur, the CSS was drecty nked to the
Washngton, D.C.-based Inter-Agency Group on Domestc Integence and Interna
Securty, a tte-known covert operatons unt made up of Rght-wng agents from
the FBI, CIA, DIA, NSC, Army, Ar Force, and oca poce departments.
|1115|
352
The CCS's spyng actvtes came to a head n 1973 wth the pubcaton of
Tackwood's The ,lass 8ouse Ta*es, and the unt was summary dsbanded. In ts
pace evoved the Organzed Crme Integence Dvson (OCID), whch,
nterestngy enough, mantans no fes on organzed crme, but penty on oca
ctzens and potcans.
The OCID aso st mantans ts tes wth the federa ntegence apparatus.
Accordng to Pasadena Cty Counc member Mchae Znzn, who won a $3.8
mon doar awsut aganst the LAPD's Ant-Terrorst Dvson, that apparatus s
the same secret caba nvoved n the Iran-Contra mbrogo.
In other words, the Octopus.
Mke Rothmer, a former OCID detectve, stumbed upon the connectons and
subsequenty fe prey to an assassn's buet. At the tme, Rothmer had been
nvestgatng one Robert Terry, an arms and drug smugger wth nks to the CIA.
|1116|
Gundersen's "unatera transfer" coud easy expan how ntegence operatves
were abe to manpuate the stng operaton n Okahoma Cty. If there were
dupctous agents nsde the ATF and FBI, they woud have known when and where
the bomb was to be devered. They woud have known how |one of| the FBI's
undercover agent(s) - |ohn Doe 2 - was to dsabe the bomb. They woud have
had fu and detaed knowedge of the pot.
Lke Mchae Franks, they coud have easy nformed those who had an nterest n
changng that pot - those who had an nterest n seeng that the budng, and
possby some of those nsde t - was destroyed.
1@
|E: Ths chapter was omtted from the prnted edton.|
The Octop,s
.This under%round em*ire is controlled +y a handful of *eo*le for money K that1s
the only secret of the tem*le0.
- Investgatve reporter Danny Casoaro, pror to hs murder by the Octopus
The nomencature of the Lockerbe and Word Trade Center bombngs provde a
unque and unparaeed nsght nto the dynamcs of the Okahoma Cty bombng.
353
Each event gves the reader a gmpse of how the Shadow Government operates,
utzng drug deaers, crmnas, and terrorsts to do ts bddng.
A three bombngs were stng operatons that utzed, and were utzed by,
terrorsts bent on causng destructon.
But the queston st remaned: who was controng the terrorsts? To understand
that, one must peer through the doorway of tme stretchng from WWII to the
present.
To prepare for the nvason of Scy durng WWII, the OSS (whch ater became the
CIA) coaborated wth the Corscan Mafa. The arrangement permtted the Mafa
use the port of Marsees for heron smuggng n exchange for ts assstance n
defeatng the Nazs.
|1117|
After WWII, the heron operaton moved to Vetnam and Laos, then to Afghanstan
and Pakstan, as the CIA embroed tsef n a covert war aganst the Sovets.
Assstant Secretary of Defense for Natona Securty Affars Rchard Armtage sat
on the "208 Commttee," whch oversaw mtary ad to the Mu|ahadeen. Fazoe
Haq, the governor of the Northwest Fronter Provnce (the argest heron growng
provnce n Afghanstan), who was orgnay worth $100,000, was suddeny was
worth $200 mon after the war. Armtage was hs man contact.
|1118|
Vnce Cannstraro (Mr. "Lbya done t") aso sat on the 208 Commttee,
representng Natona Securty Advsor Robert "Bud" McFarane, Over North's
supervsor.
|1119|
Shorty after the start of the Afghan operaton, the CIA began armng the Contras
n Ncaragua. Cannstraro hmsef |aong wth Duane "Dewy" Carrdge, then Chef
of the CIA's Latn Amercan Dvson| headed Casey's orgna operaton to arm the
Contras, based on Reagan's March, 1981 decson. As former Green Beret Andrew
Eva sad, "Cannstraro was up to hs ears by 1985." Ths s sgnfcant, consderng
the Boand Amendment, prohbtng ad to the Contras, was passed n 1984.
|1120|
Some of these are the same payers who moved nto other Centra Amercan
countres, settng up securty servces (death squads) for U.S.-backed dctators,
and proftng handsomey from the cocane trade.
If anyone thnks these are outrageous aegatons, consder the statements of Mke
Levne, one of the DEA's most hghy decorated veterans: "For decades, the CIA,
the Pentagon, and secret organzatons ke Over North's Enterprse have been
supportng and protectng the word's bggest drug deaers," ncudng the
Mu|ahadeen n Afghanstan, the Contras n Centra Amerca, the DFS n Mexco, the
Shan Unted Army n the Goden Trange of Southeast Asa, and "any of a score of
other groups and/or ndvduas ke Manue Norega. Support of these peope has
been secrety deemed more mportant than gettng drugs off our streets."
|1121|
354
Or consder the words of Lt. Co. Bo Grtz, former commander of the Speca Forces
n Latn Amerca and the most decorated soder n Vetnam. Grtz made a trp to
the Goden Trange n 1983 to search for Amercan POWs, a msson that was
utmatey stonewaed. Grtz beeves the POWs are beng used as drug mues, and
the government doesn't want them returned ave, for fear they woud expose the
Octopus. As Grtz sad: "|They| woud not want the Amercan POWs to come home.
Because when they do, there w be an nvestgaton as to why they were
abandoned. At that tme we w uncover ths secret organzaton and ts ct drug
money and fnancng. The Secret Team woud then be exposed."
|1122|
As Grtz ater wrote n !alled to Sere7
If Rchard Armtage was, as Khun Sa avowed, a ma|or partcpant n parae
government drug traffckng, then t expaned why our efforts to rescue POWs had
been nexpcaby foed, tme after tme... If t was true, Rchard Armtage woud be
the ast man n the word who woud desre to see prsoners of war come home
ave.
|1123|
As "Speca Consutant to the Pentagon on the MIAs," n Bangkok n 1975, Armtage
reportedy spent more tme repatratng opum profts then recoverng POWs. In
1976, when Khun Sa was st seng heron to CIA offcas, the head of the CIA was
none other than George Bush.
|1124|
Former presdenta canddate H. Ross Perot, who was apponted presdenta
nvestgator for POW/MIA affars, came upon the same nformaton, and was
warned by former Defense Secretary Frank Carucc to stop pursung the
connectons to Armtage. As he sady expaned to a group of POW/MIA fames n
1987: "I have been nstructed to cease and desst."
|1125|
Ironcay, between 1987 and 1991, Vce-Presdent Bush served as head of the
South Forda Drug Task Force, and ater as char of the Natona Narcotcs
Interdcton System, both set up to "stem" the fow of drugs nto the U.S. Whe
Bush was drug czar, the voume of cocane smugged nto the U.S. trped.
|1126|
Ceerno "Cee" Casto, the DEA's head agent n E Savador and Guatemaa from
1985 to 1991, tod reporters and Senate nvestgators of numerous known drug
traffckers who used hangers controed by Over North and the CIA n E Savador's
Iopango mtary arbase. When Casto navey tred to warn Bush at a U.S.
embassy party n Guatemaa, Bush "|ust shook my hand, smed and waked
away."
|1127|
"By the end of 1988," added Casto, "I reazed how hopeessy tanged the DEA,
the CIA, and every other U.S. entty n Centra Amerca had become wth the
crmnas. The connectons bogged my mnd."
|1128|
"The CIA - they're makng deas wth the Dev," adds Mke Levne. "Unfortunatey,
the Dev s smarter than they are."
|1129|
355
Some of those devs, ke Monzer a-Kassar - "busness partner" of Rchard Secord
and Over North - woud be utzed to do the Octopus's drty work.
Another name Khun Sa mentoned repeatedy was Ted Shackey.
|1130|
A ong-tme
CIA payer, Theodore G. Shackey (known as "The Bond Ghost") began hs Agency
career as CIA Staton Chef n Mam, where he drected the CIA's |M/WAVE
Operaton, a post-Bay of Pgs attempt to assassnate Fde Castro and wreck havoc
wthn that soveregn naton. Utzng Cuban expatrates, the CIA conducted
hundreds of sabotage rads aganst Cuba n drect voaton of the U.S. Neutraty
Act. Shackey aso worked n cose partnershp wth Mob fgures |ohn Rose, Sam
Gancana, and Santos Traffcante.
|1131|
Whe the operaton was shut down n 1965, due many to reveatons of organzed
crme connectons and drug smuggng, many of the partcpants remaned n
Mam, contnung ther ega actvtes.
Later, as Staton Chef of Laos, Shackey drected Ma|or Genera Rchard Secord's
ar wng n tactca rads aganst the Communst Pathet Lao, who happened to be
Genera Vang Pao's man competton n the opum trade. By keepng the Pathet
Lao busy wth the hep of the CIA and the Amercan mtary, Pao's Hmong
trbesmen were abe to become the regon's argest heron producers.
|1132|
Of course, Shackey, hs deputy Tom Cnes (who supervsed the ar base n Long
Teng), and ther coeagues n CIA front companes ke Ar Amerca were ony too
happy to hep, smuggng heron to the U.S. n the gutted bodes of dead GIs (wth
the assstance of ther od Mob buddy Santos Traffcante, who had heped form
ther ZR/RIFLE assassnaton team, and Vetnamese Ar Force Genera Nguyen Cao
Ky), and aunderng the profts n the Nugan-Hand bank. As a 1983 Wall Street
Journal artce stated:
Investgatons foowng Mr. Nugan's death and the faure of the bank reveaed
wdespread deangs by Nugan-Hand wth nternatona heron syndcates, and
evdence of massve fraud aganst U.S. and foregn ctzens. Many retred hgh-
rankng Pentagon and CIA offcas were executves of or consutants to Nugan-
Hand.
|1133||1134|*
Shackey, aong wth Nugan-Hand's attorney - former CIA Drector Wam Coby
- drected the nfamous "Phoenx Program," a argey successfu attempt to
"neutraze" by torture and murder approxmatey 40,000 Vetnamese cvans
suspected of beng Vet Cong sympathzers. One Phoenx operatve, testfyng
before Congress, stated that Phoenx was "a stere, depersonazed murder
program. t was competey ndscrmnate." The assassnatons woud contnue n
Ncaragua under the code-name "Operaton Pegasus."
|1135||1136|
After becomng the head of the CIA's Western Hemsphere operatons (Latn
Amercan Dvson) n 1972, Shackey supervsed the overthrow of the Chean
government ("Operaton Track II") by murderng democratcay eected Presdent
356
Savador Aende. Wth the backng of the CIA under Shackey, the mtary ed a
voent coup by Rght-wng Genera Augusto Pnochet, whch resuted n the
aboshment of the Consttuton, the cosng of a newspapers save for two Rght-
wng daes, the outawng of trade unons, the suppresson of a potca partes,
and the arrest, torture, and executon of thousands.
|1137|
After a bref stnt as Drector of the Far East Dvson, Shackey drected CIA agent
Edwn Wson n tranng the Shah of Iran's notorous secret poce, the Savak, who
routney tortured and murdered the Shah's opponents. Later Shackey woud
assst more drecty n these efforts.
|1138|
In 1975, Shackey became Assocate Drector n the Drectorate of Operatons,
whch put hm n charge of Covert-Operatons, Counter-Integence, and roncay,
Counter-Narcotcs, a under the command of George Herbert Waker Bush.
These assocatons naturay ed to Shackey payng a roe n the formaton of the
"Secret Team," (to con a phrase nvented by Co. L. Fetcher Prouty) the covert
and ega enterprse that was the drvng force behnd the Iran-Contra operaton.
Donad Gregg, one of Shackey's subordnates durng hs Sagon tenure, woud
ater become Assstant Natona Securty Advsor durng Iran-Contra, reportng
drecty to Vce-Presdent Bush.
It was aganst ths backdrop that Shackey served as a "consutant" to payers such
as Bush, Secord, North, and Casey n ther ega and boody guns-for-drugs
network that resuted n tens of thousands of deaths and the foodng of our streets
wth tons of drugs.
As Wall Street Journal reporter |onathan Kwtny wrtes about Ted Shackey n hs
book, The !rimes of )atriots7
Lookng at the st of dsasters Shackey has presded over durng hs career, one
mght even concude that on the day the CIA hred Shackey t mght have done
better hrng a KGB agent; a Sovet moe probaby coud not have done as much
damage to the natona securty of the Unted States wth a hs we as Shackey
dd wth the most patrotc of ntentons.
Between Shackey's Cuban and Indochnese campagns, more dope deaers were
probaby put onto the payro of the Unted States Government, and protected and
encouraged n ther actvtes, than f the government had smpy gone out and
hred the Mafa - whch, n the case of the Cuban campagn, t dd.
CIA Drector Admra Stansfed Turner forced Shackey to resgn from the Agency
n 1979, due to hs "unauthorzed" deangs wth rogue agent Edwn Wson, who
was seng pastc exposves to Lbya (wth Shackey's approva). Had he not eft,
Shackey woud key have become head of the Agency.
|1139|
357
George Bush, who headed the Agency n 1976, strongy desred to contnue n that
post. He was not reapponted when |mmy Carter took offce.
|1140|*
Moreover, Turner, who had tte fath n HUMNIT (Human Integence) sources,
decded to reshape the CIA aong more advanced technoogca nes. As a resut of
Turner's nfamous "Haoween Massacre," the CIA cut ts fed agents from severa
thousand to |ust over 300. As Presdent |mmy Carter woud ater state, "We were
aware that some of the unquafed and ncompetent personne whom he
dscharged were deepy resentfu."
|1141|
The od hands of the Agency, who formery had at ther dsposa amost unmted
"Back Budget" funds for covert operatons, were suddeny forced nto retrement,
or forced nto ockstep wth Turner's new gudenes.
Athough CIA Drector Wam Casey hred 2,000 new covert operators n 1980,
many CIA crtcs fet Turner's actons had aready caused the secret ces of the
good-od-boy networks to bury themseves - and ther ega actvtes - even
deeper.
It s ths eement, brthed n the hystera of the Cod War, egtmzed by the
paranoa of the Natona Securty state, and nurtured by the potcs of greed, that
has bured tsef n the core of Amercan potcs.
As ong-tme Army Crmna Investgator Gene Wheaton defnes t: "An ete, very
candestne, very covert group wthn the ntegence communty.. The CIA and
DIA s |ust the ghtenng rod for the peope who reay contro thngs."
Those who coud accept the dea of government foreknowedge of the Okahoma
Cty bombng woud be hard-pressed to accept the noton that certan factons
wthn the government mght have orchestrated the bombng tsef. Those who
have a dffcut tme acceptng ths are stymed by what they perceve as
"government."
As Wheaton expans, "The government s |ust a bunch of monuments, offce
budngs, computers, and desks. They don't see the crazes n the government -
the tte conspratora cques wthn the government."
|1142|
These tte conspratora cques - the same payers that Shackey ntersects
wth, gong back to Cuba, Laos, Afghanstan and Ncaragua - have been nvoved
for decades n everythng from drug and gun-runnng, to assassnatons, covert
warfare, and outrght terrorsm. It s a terrorsm that ncreasngy has no partcuar
face, no deoogca credo, no potca goa. It s a terrorsm motvated by power
and greed.
|1143|
By no means the one man behnd the curtan, Ted Shackey represents one of the
more vsbe of ths excon of covert operators upon whom the powers that be
depend on for ther endess suppy of "back ops" and drty trcks. Perhaps ths s
358
how Shackey knows, or seems to know, the compex truth behnd Okahoma Cty.
It s a truth that remans hdden behnd a sophstcated abyrnth of covert
operatves, a of whom converge at smar tmes and paces. They are, as Davd
Corn wrtes, "the tte faceess gray men we never see and sedom hear about."
Those we ca the "Shadow Government," the "Parae Government," the
"Enterprse," the "Octopus," or a haf-a-dozen other names, are carefuy hdden
behnd an endess roster of offca ttes and dutes, and a pethora of famar-
soundng organzatons and nsttutons.
These same faceess tte gray men woud pop up n the Okahoma Cty bombng
conspracy ke ntermnabe weeds between the cracks of the pavement. From the
Bay of Pgs to Iran-Contra to Okahoma Cty, the names, faces, and payers woud
coaesce for a bref moment n tme nto an ndstngushabe menagere of potcos
and spooks, terrorsts and assassns - to commt ther terrbe deed, then fade nto
the seamess word were tte dstncton s made between assets and crmnas.
|1144|
Ted Shackey was offcay forced to resgn from the CIA due to hs deangs wth
frend and renegade agent Edwn Wson. Wson and former CIA empoyee Frank
Terp had smugged two tons of C-4 to Lbya, and at the behest of Shackey, had
set up terrorst tranng camps there utzng Green Berets ed to beeve they were
workng for the Agency. The ostensbe purpose of ths maneuver was to permt the
CIA to gather nformaton on Sovet and Lbyan weapons and defense capabtes,
and to earn the denttes of foregn natonas beng traned for guerra warfare.
Upon obtanng ther passports and trave pans, Shackey woud aert ther home
country's secret poce, who woud then assassnate them upon ther return.
|1145|
Whe Wson was sentenced to a ong prson term, Terp fed to Cuba, and has
snce been nvoved n numerous deangs wth the PLO and other terrorsts,
suppyng them wth sophstcated assassnaton weapons, detonators, and
communcaton systems.
|1146|
Terp aso supped torture devces to Ugandan Dctator Id Amn, who used a
bomb supped by Terp to assassnate Kenyan cabnet member Bruce McKenze.
|1147|*
One month ater, Terp was mpcated n the murder of three executves of the
IBEX corporaton - a hgh-technoogy company that was dong busness wth the
Savak. |ohn Harper, IBEX's former drector of securty, sad that whe n Trpo, he
saw a mock-up of the ambush ste at the tranng facty that Terp and Wson had
set up.
|1148|
Readers w reca ths s the same Frank Terp that was seen by Cary Gagan n
Mexco Cty wth Omar (Sam Khad?), sx months before the Okahoma Cty
bombng. "I saw hm down n Mexco," recaed Gagan, "n November of '94, n
Mexco Cty. wth Omar."
359
Gagan sad he and Omar met Terp at the Hote Mara Isabee n the Zona Rosa
dstrct. Gagan ddn't know who Terp was at the tme, but descrbed hm as a fat,
badng, 60sh feow, who was "terrby dressed." In other words - Frank Terp.
"I heard the name because I knew Wson's name from the Forence Federa
Pententary n Coorado." Gagan sad that one of hs ntegence contacts, a man
named Dane, tod hm about Terp. "The conversaton came up n reference to
the Gander, Newfoundand crash," sad Gagan.
Was Terp n Mexco to suppy exposves to Omar? Whe Gagan wasn't prvy to
the conversaton, he beeves that was the purpose of the meetng.
When Wson and Terp were seng arms and exposves to Lbya, they were
reportng to none other than Ted Shackey. Kwtny notes that Wson and Terp
were hrng ant-Castro Cubans from Shackey's od |M/WAVE program |and Green
Berets| to assassnate Presdent Oaddaf's potca opponents abroad:
Some U.S. Army men were teray ured away from the doorway of Fort Bragg,
ther North Carona tranng post. The GIs were gven every reason to beeve that
the operaton summonng them was beng carred out wth the fu backng of the
CIA..
|1149|
Readers w aso reca that whe Tmothy McVegh was st n the Army, he wrote
hs sster a etter teng her that he had been pcked for a Speca Forces (Green
Beret) Covert Tactca Unt (CTU) that was nvoved n ega actvtes. These ega
actvtes ncuded "protectng drug shpments, emnatng the |Octopus's drug|
competton, and popuaton contro."
Ths s exacty what Shackey, Cnes, and Secord dd n Laos - assassnatng and
bombng Vang Pao's opum competton out of exstence.
Coud ths CTU McVegh cams he was recruted for be a atter-day verson of
Shackey's assassns? Former federa grand |uror Hoppy Hedeberg sad McVegh's
etter ndcates that he turned them down, whe former FBI SAC Ted Gundersen
cams McVegh actuay worked for the group for a whe, then became
dsenchanted.
|1150|
If McVegh had actuay been recruted for such a group, the queston arses of
what cover-story he was gven. As dscussed, t s hghy key he was tod that he
was on an mportant msson - to nftrate a terrorst organzaton and prevent a
bombng. Consderng McVegh's background and character, t s unkey he s a
terrorst who set out to murder 169 nnocent peope.
Aso reca that McVegh was seen wth Hussan a-Hussan. The Iraqs woud
provde a convncng and pausbe excuse f McVegh was ed to beeve he was
part of a stng operaton: "Son, you were a hero n the Guf War. Your country
360
needs you now n the fght aganst terrorsm." It s a story a young, mpressonabe
man ke McVegh woud fa for.
It s aso possbe that McVegh was sheep-dpped as dsgrunted ex-GI for
nftraton nto the neo-Naz communty, whch woud provde a doorway nto the
bombng conspracy through paces ke Eohm Cty.
Or perhaps, as a resut of hs becomng "dsenchanted" and "eavng" the CTU, he
became targeted for "termnaton," and was set up as a fa-guy. Such s standard
operatng procedure for those who attempt to eave the word of covert operatons.
Ether way, the fact that there appeared to be two "Tmothy McVeghs," |ust as
there were two Oswads, woud suggest a sophstcated ntegence operaton, one
that was desgned to put McVegh n the wrong pace at the wrong tme.
Lke Oswad, McVegh probaby beeved hmsef to be a government agent, part of
a secret pro|ect. Lke Oswad, McVegh was not tod what the pan reay nvoved,
and was trapped, framed, and made a patsy.
Ths goes a ong way towards expanng why an armed McVegh ddn't shoot and
k Offcer Chares Hanger when he was stopped on the Interstate after the
bombng. Why woud a man who had |ust ked 169 men, women, and chdren
bak at kng a cop (a member of the system that McVegh aegedy hated) on a
oney stretch of hghway? The ony possbe answer s that McVegh beeved he
was part of a stng operaton - a government asset - and woud be protected.
Whatever McVegh's actua purpose and ntent, t s curous, to say the east, that
Ted Shackey woud te D'Ferdnand Carone that the perpetrator of the bombng
was somebody from here.
How dd he know?
Roger Moore, the mysterous gun deaer whom the government camed McVegh
and Nchos robbed to "fnance" the bombng, ran a company next to Baha Mar
Marna n South Forda (a popuar hang-out for the Iran-Contra crowd), whch
manufactured hgh-speed boats. The boats - sod through Intercontnenta
Industres of Costa Rca (an Oe North "cut-out") - were used to mne Ncaragua's
harbors n "Operaton Cordova Harbor."
|1151|
One source I spoke to sad Moore had drect contact wth Over North. "I don't
know who hs |Moore's| contact was on Iran-Contra beyond Don Aranow. I know he
had access and woud tak drecty to Over North. He knew Fex Rodrquez pretty
we, he knew Nester Sanchez, Manny Daz, a those guys around |eb |Bush| pretty
we."
361
Ths source aso camed that Moore was a "paymaster" for Tom Posey's Cvan
Mtary Assstance (CMA) - the covert paramtary operaton that served as the
prmary nexus for armng the Contras.
A retred CIA/DIA agent I spoke to n Arkansas, sad "|Moore| was an Agency
contractor."
Other sources say Moore was an nformant for the FBI. He aegedy tred to se
heavy weapons to the Mta of Montana (MOM) as part of an FBI stng operaton. A
ca to MOM ndcated that Moore had ndeed stopped by for a frendy chat. He tod
Randy Trochmann, one of MOM's eaders, that he was traveng the country
meetng wth mta groups n an attempt to verfy back hecopter sghtngs and
rumors of UN troop movements. Ths seems a pecuar pastme for a man who
worked for a network of spooks devoted to bypassng and subvertng the
Consttuton.
|1152|*
What s aso pecuar s a etter wrtten by Moore to McVegh n eary 1995.
Introduced at the tra of Terry Nchos, the etter, speaks of "a pan. to brng the
country down and have a few more thngs happen."
|1153|
Robert "Bud" McFarane went on to form hs own consutng frm, and |oned the
board of Amercan Equty Investors (AEI), founded by Prescott Bush. AEI's board of
drectors reads ke a Who's Who of the spook word, ncudng former CIA offcas
George Carmont and Howard Hebert, and CIA awyer Mtch Rogovn, who was
George Bush's ega counse when he was Drector of the Agency.
|1154|
AEI nvested n a Tusa, Okahoma company: Hawkns O and Gas, from 1988 to
1991. McFarane was a "consutant" for Hawkns and severa other companes on
the Ech power pro|ect n Pakstan, whch requred frequent trps to that country.
|1155|
Ths was durng the ta end of the argest covert operaton the U.S. ever
conducted - the armng of the Mu|ahadeen, who traned n Pakstan. McFarane
sat on the "208 Commttee," who's |ob t was to procure weapons for the
Mu|ahadeen, and arms contracts for the Pakstan government.
Reca that Rchard Armtage, who was the contact for Fazoe Haq, governor of the
Northwest Fronter Provnce, aso sat on the "208 Commttee." As Afred A. McCoy
wrtes n The )olitics of 8eroin in Southeast Asia7
It's known that the CIA pad the Afghan guerras, who were based n Pakstan,
through BCCI.. That the Pakstan mtary were n fact bankng ther drug profts,
movng ther drug profts from the consumng country back to Pakstan though
BCCI. In fact the boom n the Pakstan drug trade was fnanced by BCCI..
BCCI aso served as a condut for the Iran-Contra operaton, argey through Gath
Pharon, former head of Saud Integence, who operated out of Isamabad,
Pakstan. The Sauds payed a ma|or roe n fundng the Mu|ahadeen and |va the
request of Secord and McFarane| the Contras.
362
McFarane - who former Mossad offca Ar Ben Menashe cams s a Mossad asset
- worked wth the presdent of Hawkns' Internatona Dvson, Mu|eeb Rehman
Cheema, on the Ech pro|ect. Was Han Kama's supposed statement that Khad
was connected to the Mossad accurate? A promnent Musm communty eader,
Cheema cams he does not know Sam Khad.
|1156|
Interestngy, Gagan sad that at one pont, Terry Nchos rendezvoused wth hs
Mdde Eastern frends at the Isamc socety of Nevada. Cheema s charman of the
Isamc Socety of Tusa. Is there a connecton? And what of Cheema's nks to
McFarane? Was McFarane usng Hawkns as a front for CIA actvtes n Pakstan?
It s perhaps prophetc that many of the terrorsts mpcated n the ma|or
bombngs of the ast decade attended the terrorst conference hed n the
Northwest Fronter Provnce town of Kon, Pakstan n |uy of 1996. As noted,
Osama bn Ladn, a Saud who funded the Mu|ahadeen and was mpcated n the
Ryadh and Dhahran bombngs, (a cose assocate of Shek Abde Omar Rahman,
mpcated n the Word Trade Center bombng), Ahmed |br (who bombed Pan Am
103), and senor representatves of Iranan and Pakstan ntegence, and Hamas,
HzbAah, and other groups attended the conference.
|1157|
Stephen |ones camed he had earned through the Saud Araban Integence
Servce that Iraq had hred seven Pakstan mercenares - Mu|ahadeen veterans -
to bomb targets n the U.S., one of whch was the Afred P. Murrah Budng.
|1158|
|ust who were these "Pakstan mercenares," and were they reay workng for
Iraq?
11
The Coert Co*boys
The use of former enemy soders, crmnas, and terrorsts for ther drty work s
aso a tme-honored tradton among ntegence agences, who stand to gan the
"pausbe denabty" so coveted n the word of covert operatons.
|1159|
At the cose of WWII, the U.S. Government heped thousands of Naz war crmnas
escape |ustce, ntegratng them nto ts scentfc/mtary/ntegence
estabshment. Renhard Gehen, Hter's senor ntegence offcer on the Eastern
Front, and other hgh-rankng Nazs, were sprted out of Germany wth the ad of
the OSS and the Vatcan, then nstaed n top-secret, senstve posts n the U.S.
and abroad.
363
Gehen's SS offcers had been nstrumenta n the mass extermnaton of Gypses
and |ews, and Gehen was personay responsbe for the torture, nterrogaton, and
murder by starvaton of some ? million Sovet prsoners of war.
Gehen ater boasted of teachng the newy formed CIA everythng t knew.
Many of the word's deadest terrorsts were n fact traned by agences such as
the CIA and KGB, who went on to commt mayhem and murder on an
unprecedented scae. A prme exampe s Shackey's |M/WAVE ant-Casto campagn
of the md-1960s, whch traned Cuban exes n technques of assassnaton and
terror, then uneashed them on ther natve country. The most nfamous of these
"Cuban Cowboys," Lus Posada Carres (AKA: Ramon Medna), a member of the
ant-Casto group CORU (aso a member of the CIA's ZR/RIFLE assassnaton team
under the command of E. Howard Hunt), ked 78 peope n October of 1976 by
bombng a Cuban arner.
|1160|*
Carres sad he panned the bombng at the CIA's nstgaton.
As one of CORU's members expaned n a CBS ntervew, "We use the tactcs that
we earned from the CIA because we - we were traned to do everythng. We are
traned to set off a bomb, we were traned to k. we were traned to do
everythng."
|1161|
The mastermnd of the bombng, Orando Bosch, responsbe for more than 50 ant-
Castro bombngs n Cuba and esewhere, was reeased from prson at the behest of
George Bush's son |eb, who has strong tes to both the Cuban expatrate
communty and the Contras.
As Vce-Presdent, Bush aso headed the Task Force on Combatng Terrorsm.
Proudy dspayng hs condemnaton of terrorsm, Bush pardoned Bosch, gvng
hm speca permsson to ve n Mam.
|1162||1163|
The CIA's support of the Afghan Mu|ahadeen between 1979 and 1989 resuted n a
huge wave of we-armed and traned Musm extremsts bent on ventng ther
potca and deoogca rage aganst the U.S. At the same tme, the overfow from
the Afghan operaton resuted n one of the argest poos of potenta recruts for
covert operatons.
One of the man operatves the CIA had utzed n ts war aganst the Sovets was
Shek Abde Omar Rahman. The CIA utzed Rahman because of hs nfuence over
the Mu|ahadeen, then brought hm nto the U.S. on a CIA-sponsored vsa. Whe the
Shek was eventuay convcted for conspracy to bomb targets n the U.S.,
prosecutors encountered resstance n pursung hm and other Word Trade Center
bombng suspects because of ther tes to the Mu|ahadeen, and their tes to U.S.
ntegence.
364
As |ack Bum, nvestgator for the Senate Foregn Reatons Subcommttee, put t:
"One of the bg probems here s that many suspects n the Word Trade Center
bombng were assocated wth the Mu|ahadeen. And there are components of our
government that are absoutey dsnterested n foowng that path because t
eads back to peope we supported n the Afghan war."
|1164|
A staunch ant-Western crusader, Rahman became a shnng ght for thousands of
Musm extremsts after the war n ther crusade for the hoy |had. Nearby
Peshawar, Pakstan became the stagng area for tens of thousands of radcas,
many of whom went on to form smaer ces around the word, ncudng the U.S.
The groups that focked to Pakstan's terrorst tranng centers ncuded the
Egyptan A-Gama'a a-Isamya, the Paestnan Hammers, the Ageran A-|had,
and the Fpno Moro Lberaton Front.
Word Trade Center mastermnd Ramz Yousef aso spent consderabe tme n
Pakstan. As one Western dpomat noted: "The Unted States created a Moscow
Centra n Peshawar for these groups, and the consequences for a of us are
astronomca."
|1165|
As Mary Ann Weaver wrtes n the May, 1996 ssue of The Atlantic Monthly7 ".the
CIA heped to tran and fund what eventuay became an nternatona network of
hghy dscpned and effectve Isamc mtants - and a new breed of terrorst as
we."
To the CIA, whch pumped more than $2 bon nto the fourteen-year Afghan
resstance effort, Shek Omar was what ntegence offcas ca "a vauabe
asset."
|1166||1167|
E Sayyd Nosar, a core member of the A Saaam Mosque run by Rahman, shot
and ked the radca Rght-wng Rabb Mer Kahane n November of 1990. Durng a
conversaton between a 20-year veteran FBI agent and one of hs top undercover
operatves, the operatve asked:
"Why aren't we gong after the Shek |Adbe Rahman|?" demanded the undercover
man.
"It's hands off," answered the agent.
"Why?" asked the operatve.
"It was no accdent that the Shek got a vsa and that he's st n the country,"
reped the agent, vsby upset. "He's here under the banner of natona securty,
the State Department, the NSA, and the CIA."
The agent ponted out that the Shek had been granted a tourst vsa, and ater a
green card, despte the fact that he was on a State Department terrorst watch-st
365
that shoud have barred hm from the country. He's an untouchabe, concuded the
agent.."
|1168||1169|
It was aso reveaed durng the Shek's conspracy tra that n 1989 the U.S. Army
had sent Speca Forces Sergeant A A. Mohammed to |ersey Cty to provde
tranng for Mu|ahadeen recruts, ncudng Nosar and Mahmud Abouhama, a
convcted Word Trade Center bomber. Interestngy, ths was at the same tme the
par were under surveance by the FBI as suspected terrorsts.
|1170||1171|*
The experences of the CIA's expatrated Nazs, Ant-Castro Cubans, and
Mu|ahadeen veterans were strkngy smar to that of the Ku Kux Kan, whch for
decades remaned on the end of a ong eash controed by FBI Drector |. Edgar
Hoover.
One of the most nfamous exampes of FBI-orchestrated terror-murder were the
bruta 1963 KKK attacks on cv rghts workers n Brmngham, Aabama, ed by FBI
nformant Gary Rowe.
It seems that Rowe was no mere nformant. As Curt Gentry wrtes n J0 &d%ar
8ooer7 The Man and the Secrets7 "Kan members stated he had veto power over
any voent actvty contempated by the Eastvew 13 Kavern."
|1172||1173|
Rowe aso partcpated n the 1965 murder of cv rghts marcher Voa Luzzo. As
the National Reiew reported, "The 1978 nvestgaton mpcated |Rowe| as an
agent provocateur.. Three other Kansmen testfed that t was Rowe who had
actuay shot Voa." Whe Rowe was ndcted on frst degree murder, a federa
|udge bocked Rowe's extradton, camng that a federa agent has rghts that
protect hm when "paced n a compromsng poston because of hs undercover
work." A Federa Appeas Court uphed the rung.
The FBI nformant was aso accused of hepng pant the bomb that ked four back
grs n a Brmngham church. Athough Rowe faed e-detector tests regardng hs
compcty n that and the Voa murder, he was never prosecuted, and nstead was
gven a $20,000 "reward" by the FBI.
A smar case of government-orchestrated terror-murder woud come about n
1979 n Greensboro, North Carona wth the murder of fve Communst Workers
Party members by KKK and Naz Party goons - ed by FBI operatve Edward
Dawson and ATF nformant Bernard Butkovch. Both the Washin%ton )ost and the
New 'ork Times reported that Butkovch "offered to procure exposves," and
"offered to tran them n actvtes such as makng ppe bombs and fre bombs."
|1174|
Even more suspcousy, the tactca squad assgned to montor the march was
reportedy "out to unch" at the tme, and a patro car that happened to be n the
area, was tod to "cear the area as soon as possbe."
|1175|
366
The ncdent s suspcousy smar to the ATF agents n Okahoma who were paged
not to come nto work on the mornng of the bast.
Echong the facttous rants of ATF chef Lester Matz, Governor Frank Keatng, and
other federa offcas n Okahoma, FBI Drector Wam Webster caed the charges
of federa compcty "uttery absurd." Athough the kers had been recruted,
organzed and ed on ther murderous rampage by ATF and FBI operatves, none
ever served a day of |a-tme.
|1176|
Lke the FBI's KKK mues, or the ATF's pet Nazs at Eohm Cty, the
Pakstan/Afghan Mu|ahadeen and Iraq veterans resetted nto the U.S. represent
the next wave of "covert cowboys" - ready and wng to do the CIA/FBI's drty
work.
As Gene Wheaton observes: "Every ma|or Mdde-Eastern terrorst organzaton s
under surveance and contro of the ntegence agences n the U.S. None of
these guys move around as freey as they'd ke you to thnk."
|1177||1178|
A Hassan Saameh, the eader of the PLO spnter group Back September, whch
carred out the 1972 Munch Oympcs massacre, was put on the CIA's payro. That
s, unt the Mossad caught up wth hm n 1979. Even so, the Israes checked wth
the CIA before kng hm.
A Pakstan named A Ahmand was standng drecty behnd Senator Robert
Kennedy when he was shot. Former CIA contract agent Robert Morrow saw
Ahmand hodng a Nkon camera, and recaed seeng Nkon cameras that fred
buets whe at the CIA.
Another "vauabe asset," Mr Ama Kans, had been recruted by the CIA to assst
n the smuggng of weapons to the Mu|ahadeen. Kans, who had a "fnanca
msunderstandng" wth the Agency, resoved the ssue by openng fre wth an AK-
47 outsde of CIA headquarters n |anuary of 1993, kng two Agency empoyees.
Lke Word Trade Center bomber Ramz Yousef, he fed to Pakstan.
|1179||1180|
Curousy, Hussan a-Hussan - who had been seen speedng away from the
bombng n a brown pck-up - woud make no smar attempt to fee. Was he part
of a government-sanctoned operaton? As Professor Bruce Hoffman at the Center
fo the Study of Terrorsm and Potca Voence at St. Andrew's Unversty n
Engand noted, there have been varous attempts to nftrate Isamc terrorst
teams n Okahoma.
|1181|
Coud ths be why FBI Agent |effrey |enkns "crnged" when he saw KFOR's
teevsed report on Hussan?
|1182|*
Dd Hussan and Khad, ke Tmothy McVegh casuay pung over for Patroman
Hanger, beeve they were protected?
367
The FBI's refusa to ook at Khad strongy ponts to such a possbty. Khad's
abty to montor the actvtes of a group of Mdde Eastern mmgrants (through
gvng them |obs and rentng them homes), and hs status as a former feon, make
hm a key canddate as an operatve or nformant.
And why had McVegh met wth Hussan n the frst pace? Lke Caro Howe and
Andreas Strassmer, were they both actng as undercover operatves, wthout each
other's knowedge?
|1183|*
Lke McVegh, Hussan was most key recruted nto a covert ntegence unt
after hs resettement nto the U.S. Beevng he was workng for the government,
he was gven a cover story that he was preventng a bombng.
It s key, gven the necessary compartmentazaton of covert operatons, that
each was on a "need-to-know" bass. Whe McVegh, Hussan, and ther pas
parked the Ryder truck n front of the Murrah Budng, the real bombers were the
thrd component of the compartmentazed operaton.
Reca that fve days before the bombng, HUD worker |ane Graham saw three men
n the garage who she thought were teephone reparmen. They had pans of the
budng, and were hodng what appeared to be C-4 pastc exposve. "It was a
putty coor," sad Graham, "a sod pece of bock.. they had that and they had
ths wrng.
"The man n the brown shrt obvousy knew what he was dong and was n
charge." sad Graham. "He remnded me of a surveyor or constructon foreman
except that I doubt that they woud have been n that good of shape. These men
were defntey physcay we traned."
|1184|
Physcay we-traned does not sound ke McVegh or Nchos.
The men ooked "uncomfortabe" when they saw Graham, and qucky put the
tems nto a paper bag and hd t n ther car - whch was ceary not a utty
company vehce.
|1185||1186|
Another wtness saw severa men workng on the pars n the garage, n the dark,
wthout ghts. When they were questoned by ths vstor, they sad, "We're |ust
puttng thngs rght agan."
Were they, or were they pacng exposve charges to be actvated ater?
Ths bzarre actvty was seen by at east two other wtnesses - IRS worker Kathy
Wburn, and a HUD worker named |oan. None of the "reparmen" matched the
descrpton of Tmothy McVegh, Terry Nchos, or Hussan a-Hussan.
|1187|*
Then, on the day of the bombng, twenty mnutes before the bast, Mchae Lnehan
saw McVegh's yeow Mercury run a red ght and sp qucky nto the budng's
368
garage. Why dd "McVegh" need to enter the budng moments before the bast?
To pace secondary charges or actvate remote detonators, perhaps?
|1188|
Severa mnutes ater, a woman rdng the eevator saw a young Arab man wth a
backpack frantcay pushng the obby button, as though tryng to ext the
budng.
After the bast, Kay H. was amost run over by a brown pck-up drven by Hussan
a-Hussan. There were three suspects n the truck. At east two of them were
Arabs.
Seconds ater, Gary Lews ran outsde to see a Mdde Eastern man grnnng from
ear to ear.
Approxmatey 15 mnutes ater, HUD empoyee Germane |ohnston came across
McVegh and |ohn Doe 2 n an aey near the Murrah Budng. "They were |ust
standng there watchng," she sad. McVegh then asked |ohnston f anyone had
been ked, and both men ooked sad when she tod them that chdren had ded.
|1189||1190|
If McVegh had bown up the budng - a budng he knew to contan a day-care
center - as an act of revenge, why woud he appear sad? And f Hussan a-
Hussan had conspred wth McVegh for smar motves, why dd he cry upon
earnng that chdren had been ked?
Moreover, why woud he be casuay hangng around near the scene of the crme?
".I ask you, does that sound ke a man who was runnng?" sad |ohnston's frend
and co-worker |ane Graham. "I don't thnk so. It sounds ke a pan that went awry
or somethng he dd not know was gong to happen."
|1191|
And those federa agents who had been surveng the budng a nght ong. why
dd they appear so shocked when the bomb(s) went off? Because they ddn't
e#*ect them to go off. As Representatve Istook sad, |ohn Doe 2, |one of| the
government's undercover agents, dd not know how to dsarm the truck-bomb,
whch contaned a redundant tmng devce. They ddn't know about the charges
nsde the budng.
And the Army eg who heped pace the shaped C-4 charges on the budng's
coumns was not advsed that he had a zero-tme-deay detonator and was gong
to be vaporzed. The eg was on the wrong sde of the coumn when the detonator
was actvated.
|1192|*
Fortunatey for the consprators, the crme scene was eveed to precude any
ndependent forensc anayss. Federa agents and oca offcas qucky scrambed
to ntate ther damage-contro operaton.
|1193|
369
Those who threatened to revea the "stng gone bad" were tod to keep quet for
"the good of the country." Yes, t was a terrbe tragedy. But brave undercover
agents ke |ohn Doe 2 were safey on the |ob, |ust watng to prevent more
"mtamen" ke Tmothy |ames McVegh from bowng up more babes.
Honest aw-enforcement personne ke Sergeant Terrance Yeakey, who ddn't go
aong wth the cover-up. "commtted sucde."
And the Amercan pubc, was fed a competey dfferent e. A dsgrunted racst
and atent neo-Naz and hs ant-government frend, angry over Waco, usng a
homemade bomb, had vented ther rage n a bruta and vcous act of revenge.
1#
The Motie
.,oernments/ in order to *er*etuate themseles/ will sacrifice ?;;-D;; *eo*le
without a second thou%ht0.
- 14-year DEA veteran Bas Abbott
To understand the motve behnd the Okahoma Cty bombng, one must
understand the potca stuaton n the country at the tme.
In 1989, wth the fa of the Bern Wa, the Cod War was offcay over. The
ntegence communty was n danger of osng ts appropratons; t needed a new
msson.
|1194||1195|
In 1963, the Kennedy admnstraton was sad to have commssoned a seect
group of anaysts and schoars to evauate the probems nherent n a post-Cod
War socety. Entted Re*ort from (ron Mountain on the )ossi+ility and "esira+ility
of )eace, ts concusons and vadty have been hoty debated snce ts
"unauthorzed" pubcaton n 1967.
Athough featured on the front page of the New 'ork Times and subsequenty
transated nto 15 dfferent anguages, many estabshment cons and meda
pundts woud ony acknowedge the work as a "cever satre."
The Times, whch receved a "no comment" response from the LB| Whte House
whe attemptng to verfy ts authentcty, wrote that the possbe hoax was a
possby suppressed report.
|1196|
370
Others, such as Coone L. Fetcher Prouty (Ret.), former Chef of the Speca
Operatons Dvson for the |ont Chefs of Staff, quoted from the document n hs
book, The Secret Team. And renowned economst, author, and professor |ohn
Kenneth Gabrath wrote "As I woud put my persona repute behnd the
authentcty of ths document, so I woud testfy to the vadty of ts concusons.
My reservatons reate ony to the wsdom of reeasng t to an obvousy
uncondtoned pubc."
As ate as 1995, The Nation was st dengratng the report as a "hoax," whe the
Wall Street Journal was serousy debatng ts merts. As Robert Tomsho wrote n
the May 9, 1995 edton of the Journal7
Gven the tumutuous tmes when the document surfaced and the ar of
respectabty surroundng those nvoved wth t, few readers were wng to
dsmss the mysterous headne-grabbng book as a hoax.
|1197|
Whether or not Re*ort from (ron Mountain was n fact a hoax, the report's
concusons, even ts detractors w admt, end a somewhat prescent and
frghtenng measure of truth to contemporary 20th century reaty.
|1198|*
Wrtten n cod, emprca thnk-tank anguage, the report postuates that war s the
fundamenta bass for a potca, soca, and economc unty.
The report aso suggests, n somewhat Machavean fashon, ntatng "rtua
bood games," renewng "savery," and creatng an "omnpotent" nternatona
poce force as mtgatng substtutes for the aeged soco-economc vod created
by a post-Cod War socety. The report defned the socoogca mpcatons thusy:
War, through the medum of mtary nsttutons, has unquey served socetes,
throughout the course of known hstory, as an ndspensabe controer of
dangerous soca dssdence and destructve antsoca tendences.. No modern
potca rung group has successfuy controed ts consttuency after fang to
sustan the contnung credbty of an externa threat of war.
The war system makes the stabe government of socetes possbe. It does ths
essentay by provdng an externa necessty for a socety to accept potca rue.
. An effectie su+stitute for war would re9uire .alternate enemies.0A
|1199|

A paranod and fascstc natona securty estabshment, no onger prmary
focused on the "externa necessty" of an outward mtary threat (e.g: the Sovet
Unon), must nevtaby turn ts attenton towards the ever-present specter of an
nterna threat - the "aternate enemy." As the report states:
.the motvatona functon of war requres the exstence of a genuney menacng
soca enemy.. The "aternate enemy" must mpy a more mmedate, tangbe,
and drecty fet threat of destructon..
|1200|
371
The Okahoma Cty bombng, occurrng as t dd n the "heartand" of Amerca,
served as no other "terrorst" act has n the hstory of the Unted States n
channeng the attenton of the Amercan peope towards the "mmedate, tangbe,
and drecty fet threat of destructon."
More sgnfcanty, t dd so by drectng the attenton of the pubc towards an
"aternate enemy" - n ths case - an "nterna" one.
Such mass-psychoogca manpuaton by the rung ete s smpy the war sprt
refocused. Ths ubqutousy Amercan quaty, so effectvey used aganst the
Germans n the 1940s, the Communsts n the 1950s, and the Iraqs n the 1990s,
woud now be drected nward - aganst the Patrot/Mta movement.
By nkng Tmothy McVegh to the Mta movement through a massve meda
propaganda campagn, the Mta movement s seen as the prmary motvatona
force behnd the bombng. The movement, becomes, by proxy, the new "aternate
enemy."
By substtutng what t terms a "fctve mode" for war, the Putocracy engages the
fase sentments of the masses, creatng, as t states, "a socomora confct of
equay compeng force and scope." From the perspectve of the rung ete, ths
socomora confct must:
. |ustfy the need for takng and payng a "bood prce" n wde areas of human
concern.. The fctve modes woud have to carry the weght of extraordnary
convcton, underscored with a not inconsidera+le actual sacrifice of life.
|1201|
That shockng reveaton was wrtten n 1963. Thrty-two years ater, former
presdenta advsor Arthur Schesnger, |r. woud wrte n Forei%n Affairs, the
|ourna of the Counc on Foregn Reatons, that mouthpece of the putocratc
estabshment:
We are not gong to acheve a new word order wthout payng for t n bood as
we as n words and money.
|1202|
Oute a profound statement, comng as t dd ess than two months after the
Okahoma Cty bombng.
Was ths "bood prce" carred out on Apr 19, 1995?
As w be expored n Chapter ?, the utzaton of barbarc acts of mass-terror-
murder by governments n order to manpuate potca ob|ectves s hardy new.
Deberatey manpuated outrage-ncdents such as the snkng of the Lustana,
the burnng of the Reschtag, and the attack on Pear Harbor, as precursors to ete-
panned mtary campagns has hstorcay hed severa functons: t trggers the
but-n natonastc war sprt, channes the resutng rghteous wrath toward the
372
nomnated enemy, and concentrates power n the executve branch, where ete
contro s unhampered by popuar nfuence.
As Presdent Frankn D. Roosevet, who aowed 2,403 servcemen to be
saughtered at Pear Harbor to ntate Amerca's entry nto WWII, sad: "In potcs,
nothng happens by accdent. If t happens, you can bet t was panned that way."
The Amercan pubc, branwashed by the conventona wsdom of hstory, wth an
attenton span as ong as the atest TV stcom, s obvous to ths fact. A pubc
consumed by materasm and stutfed by teevson poses no serous threat to the
rung putocracy. A savvy popuace, ntmatey aware of the corrupton n
government, and threatenng to expose or even depose the powers behnd t,
poses a very serous threat to the rung ete.
The prmary group whch stands n the way of pans of the transnatona corporate
fascst caba today s a group of Amercans who ca themseves Patrots. These
Patrots - numberng roughy fve mon men and women - are comprsed of
approxmatey 400,000 ndvduas who beong to the mtant arm: the mta.
These ndvduas are ncreasngy optng out of the federa system. They are
estabshng precedents for ther own governance, wth names ke Soveregn
Ctzenshp, States' Rghts and County Rue.
Some are renqushng ther Soca Securty cards. Others refuse to pay ncome
taxes, whch they nsst are n drect contraventon of the Consttuton, and an
ega outgrowth of the prvatey-owned Federa Reserve. Many are buyng god
and sver. Some are even ssung ther own currences.
They pont out the mportance our foundng fathers attrbuted to the Second
Amendment - the rght to bear arms - as the frst and fna baston aganst a
tyrannca government. Utmatey, they are wng to defend themseves aganst a
ncreasngy oppressve federa system.
To the government, such a movement must not be aowed to grow teeth, as dd
the Ant-War movement of the 1960s, or the ant-corporate abor movement of the
1930s. Dstrustng the Federa Reserve, beeved by some to have engneered the
Great Depresson, many of these communtes began ssung ther own money -
as many as :/D;; dfferent currences. As |ournast |on Rappaport notes:
These events created anxety for the weathy one percent of the country. Thngs
mght have gotten out of hand. There was a danger of mass rebeon,
decentrazaton, a power shft downward, and so on. Word War Two not ony
soved a |ob crses, t reunfed the naton around an externa threat. It temporary
emnated the possbty of the dsntegraton of the body potc.
|1203|
Lke the aforementoned outrage-ncdents, the Putocracy requred a tragedy to
manpuate pubc opnon. The Okahoma Cty bombng served ths purpose n the
373
most subme fashon. In the aftermath of that tragedy, the rung ete sought to
unfy the naton around an internal threat - dressed up and repackaged n the
form of the Patrot/Mta Movement.
Many bera and Left-wng nteectuas and meda pundts have dsmssed the
noton of the Okahoma Cty bombng as a deberatey engneered act to dscredt
the mta as preposterous, sef-deuded paranoa. Yet as former CIA Drector
Wam Coby stated to hs frend, Nebraska State Senator |ohn DeCamp, teray
days before the bombng:
"I watched as the Ant-War Movement rendered t mpossbe for ths country to
conduct or wn the Vetnam War. I te you, dear frend, that ths Mta and Patrot
movement n whch, as an attorney, you have become one of the centerpeces, s
far more sgnfcant and far more dangerous for Amerca than the Ant-War
Movement ever was, f t s not ntegenty deat wth. And I reay mean ths."
|1204|
In the absence of war, wth the "motvatona forces governng human behavor" no
onger "transated nto bndng soca aegance," the rung ete requred a
substtute. By demonzng the Patrot/Mta Movement, the Putocracy seeks, both
to dvde and conquer, and to dstract, the popuaton.
|1205|
As professor and
dssdent nteectua Noam Chomsky wrtes:
Over the ast ten years, every year or two, some ma|or monster s constructed that
we have to defend ourseves aganst. There used to be one that was aways
avaabe: the Russans. But they're osng ther attractveness as an enemy, and
t's gettng harder and harder to use that one, so some new ones have to be
con|ured up. They've got to keep comng up, one after another. You frghten the
popuaton, terrorze them, ntmdate them.. That's one of the ways n whch you
can keep the bewdered herd from payng attenton to what's reay gong on
around them, keep them dverted and controed....
|1206|
There s yet st another dmenson to the stuaton argey unreazed. The U.S.
bankng system s home to trons of doars n foregn nvestment capta, resdent
n budngs, rea estate, and ndustry (The |apanese government currenty hods
roughy $200 bon n U.S. Treasury securtes). The rung ete must keep these
foregn nvestors happy. Shoud one of them decde to wthdraw ther funds, t
woud be "nconvenent."
|1207|
But were there a rumor of cv war, a foregn nvestors mght decde to wthdraw
ther nvestments. The resutng coapse woud make the crash of 1929 ook ke a
summer pcnc.
Lke U.S. ndustrasts' nvestments n paces such as E Savador and Guatemaa,
foregn nvestors reaze that ther money s safest n countres wth a happy, or at
east doce and subservent work force. A popuaton threatenng to wthdraw from
the system and takng of revouton, represents a rsk many foregn nvestors
374
woud prefer not take. As Wam Coby ponted out, such events have mportant
peope worred.
Another fnanca coapse such as the Great Depresson, aways oomng over the
horzon, or the threat of cv war, requres that the rung ete have n pace a
system that aows them to mantan order. The Ant-Terrorsm B, the Domestc
Insurgency Act, the mtarzaton of our poce forces, operatons ke Garden Pot
and Rex-84-Apha, and the murderous voatons of the Posse Comtatus Act n
paces such as Waco and Ruby Rdge, are a test runs preparng for ths
eventuaty.
A dramatc event ke Okahoma Cty, used to crush the potca fe out of the
mtas, woud go a ong way towards camng the rung ete and ther foregn
nvestors. Reassured that the Federa Government s st n contro of the
popuaton, these nvestors woud hopefuy eave ther nvestment capta n pace.
Interestngy, FBI Drector Lous Freeh stated before the Senate |udcary
Commttee two days after McVegh's convcton: "Most of the mta organzatons
around the country are not, n our vew, threatenng or dangerous."
|1208|
Yet on May 13, Freeh stated before the Senate Appropratons Commttee that the
focus of the government's domestc ant-terrorsm efforts are "varous ndvduas,
as we as organzatons, some havng an deoogy whch suspects government of
word-order conspraces - ndvduas who, for varous reasons, have organzed
themseves aganst the Unted States." The chef domestc "enemy," sad Freeh,
conssts of "ndvduas who espouse deooges nconsstent wth prncpes of
Federa Government."
|1209|
Freeh's aarmst comments mpart the genune concern whch the rung ete have
for the growth of the Patrot/Mta Movement. As Coby tod DeCamp:
"It s not because these peope are armed, that Amerca need be concerned," B
expaned to my surprse. "It s not that these peope stockpe weapons and have
para-mtary tranng sessons, that they are dangerous" Coby contnued..
"They are dangerous, |ohn, because there are so many of them. It s one thng to
have a few nuts or dssdents. They can be deat wth, |usty or otherwse, so that
they do not pose a danger to the system. It s qute another stuaton when you
have a true movement - mons of ctzens - beevng somethng, partcuary
when the movement s made up of socety's average, successfu ctzens."
|1210|
Further evdence of the concern that the rung ete have for ths popuar and
growng phenomenon e n the sanderous comments of Presdent Cnton, the
huge wave of meda propaganda, and the ncrease n undercover stng operatons
amed at destroyng ths argey popuar movement.
375
Whe the so-caed |ustce Department was busy coverng up evdence of the
bombng, Cnton ardenty sought to smear those on the far-Rght - the "purveyors
of hatred and dvson, the promoters of paranoa," as he put t. "They do practce
and they do preach voence aganst those who are of a dfferent coor, a dfferent
background, or who worshp a dfferent God. They do feed on fear and uncertanty.
They do promote paranoa...."
Chaengng the Amercan peope to foow hm n a campagn of dvde and
conquer, Cnton charged: "These peope attack our government and the ctzens
who work for t who actuay guarantee the freedoms they abuse.... They can
certany snuff out nnocent ves and sow fear n our hearts. They are ndfferent to
the saughter of chdren. They threaten our freedoms and our way of fe, and we
must stop them."
|1211|
Echong and ampfyng Cnton's defamatons were the manstream meda, whch,
a but gnorng the reevant evdence, aunched unceasng, vtroc attacks aganst
the Patrot/Mta communty. Leadng the charge were the ADL and the SPLC,
whose connectons to the Mossad, U.S. aw-enforcement, and nftraton of the
Patrot/Mta communty have been we documented. The ADL's tes to the FBI, n
fact, had been forged ong ago.
|1212|*
At the same tme, a egtmate expressons and concerns are gnored. Mta
members are portrayed as mosty gun-crazed racsts wth overy conspratora
vews. As Releance magazne notes:
If anyone dares to make a suggeston that serous crmes by hgh-rankng federa
offcas or an agency of government have been commtted, that suggeston
nstanty becomes, amost by defnton, a conspracy theory, whch s tsef (amost
by defnton) beyond the pae of responsbe dscusson.
|1213|
Any attempts by the Left and Rght to |on together are expaned away by
estabshment nteectuas as a sort of strange symbotc aberraton. In a |une 19,
1995 New 'orker artce entted "The Road to Paranoa," author Mchae Key
descrbes "vews that have ong been shared by both the far Rght and the far Left,
and that n recent years have come together, n a werd meetng of the mnds, to
become one, and to permeate the manstream of Amercan potcs and popuar
cuture. You coud ca t fuson paranoa."
|1214|
Yet n spte of the contnua barrage of government and meda-orchestrated
propaganda, the movement has grown. Ths s because the actons of the
Putocracy and ts ntegence/aw-enforcement mnons have become so bod, so
brazen, so outrageous n recent years that t s hard for the average person not to
take notce. Increasng potca scandas, one foowng on the heas of the other,
catastrophc fnanca debaces, and the murderous actons of the Federa
Government n paces such as Waco and Ruby Rdge, have pushed the average
Amercan out of the sonombuc comfort of ther easy char.
376
Now the average ctzen watches the FBI march nto Waco wth tanks and burn
women and chdren, whe Presdent Cnton and the mass-meda dsmss them as
"|ust a bunch of whackos." At the same tme he turns around and watches hs
neghbor's door kcked n by goon squads to seze pddng amounts of contraband,
whe hs home and assets are sezed wthout ever beng charged wth a crme,
then gven to aw-enforcement agences who dvde up the bounty amongst
themseves.
Compeed to take a coser ook at the Patrot/Mta movement, he begns to
understand that the Federa Reserve s a sham. He reazes that the potcs of the
naton were corporatzed ong ago, that hs vote has no meanng.
He begns to understand that the country s actuay controed by corporate
concerns who use the mtary and ntegence apparatus to do ts bddng.
He earns how the CIA has egay ntervened and destroyed the soveregnty of
dozens of natons around the word, and asssted n the murder of countess
mons.
He watches wth aarm as new aws are beng added every day to restrct hs
Consttutona rghts.
Whe hs pay check s no onger enough to support hs famy, he wonders what
happened to the Savngs and Loans, and to those weathy few who were never
prosecuted.
Whe he sees hs |ob beng sent overseas to take advantage of some poor peasant
who saves for pennes a day, hs own country s sowy beng sod off pecemea.
Unke the mass of dumbed-down, TVed-out, passve ctzens, he fnay decdes to
|on a group of peope who are wng to do somethng about t.
Contrary to popuar opnon, the Patrot/Mta Movement s more than |ust a frnge
eement of Rght-wng conspracy nuts. Whe t st contans ndvduas who are
somewhat myopc concernng soca wefare ssues and envronmenta concerns,
younger peope are comng nto the movement every day.
Increasngy, ths group represents a broad spectrum of Amercans concerned
about governmenta corrupton and the oss of ther Consttutona rghts. Far from
beng mpotent, as Lous Freeh asserts, the Patrot/Mta Movement represents a
threat to an estabshment seekng to mantan corrupt contro over ts ctzenry at
a costs.
|1215|
Whe t cannot be sad for certan that the Afred P. Murrah Budng was destroyed
as part of a preconceved pan to create the uson of a domestc terrorst threat
wthn Amerca - as a foundaton for destroyng potca dssent - t is cear that
the nvestgaton was potcay crafted for |ust that purpose.
377
In March of 1994, there began an extensve meda campagn to portray the mtas
as Rght-wng terrorsts. Numerous sensatonastc stores appeared n the meda,
argey orchestrated by the ADL, Potca Research Assocates (PRA), and the SPLC.
Then n March of 1995, Congressman Steve Stockman (R-TX) earned that a naton-
wde, eary-mornng paramtary rad aganst mta groups was panned for March
25. It seemed that a coupe of concerned ATF agents had nformed the Natona
Rfe Assocaton (NRA) about the pan, code-named Operaton ROLLING THUNDER.
Stockman mmedatey fred off a etter to Attorney Genera |anet Reno:
It has come to my attenton through a number of reabe sources that an
mpendng rad, by severa Federa agences, aganst the "ctzen's mtas" groups,
s schedued for March 25 or 26 at 4:00 a.m. A paramtary stye attack aganst
Amercans who pose no rsk to others, even f voatons of crmna aw mght be
mputed to them, woud run the rsk of an rreparabe breach between the Federa
Government and the pubc, especay f t turned out to be an consdered,
poory panned, but boody fasco ke Waco..
|1216|
Stockman's etter went unanswered, and two Senators who confronted the
Assstant Secretary of Defense were thrown out of hs offce.
What s nterestng to note, however, s that the rad was schedued |ust one month
pror to the Okahoma Cty bombng, that aunched the argest ant-mta meda
campagn ever wtnessed.
|1217|
Yet the tenson surroundng the Mta Movement wasn't the ony pressure
begnnng to bo the potca pot. Even more nterestng events were to occur |ust
pror to the bombng.
On Monday, Apr 17, a Speca Federa Grand |ury n Ltte Rock, AK handed down a
seaed ndctment chargng Hary Cnton wth bank fraud - msappropratng or
embezzng some $47 mon doars from a federay nsured S&L, and beneftng
from secret offshore accounts payabe to Vncent Foster, |r., her former aw
partner, as purported payment for "handng" |onathan Poard.
|1218|
That same evenng, Apr 17, a mtary C-21 Lear |et carryng severa hgh-rankng
mtary offcas, ncudng a supervsor to the NSA, crashed near Aexander Cty,
Aabama. The dsaster, whch occured on a cear day, appeared to be more than a
smpe accdent. The hghy experenced crew reported "fue management"
probems, a cassc sabatogue technque. Wtnesses Mranda Wyckoff and |mmy
Kee cam they heard mutpe exposons whe the pane was arborne.
|1219|
One story has the passengers as part of a mtary coup, to arrest, under the
mtary code, ther Commander-n-Chef, Wam |efferson Cnton, for varous acts
of treason, ncudng the cover-up of Foster's murder. Another story has an
Amercan POW from Laos onboard. Lke Ma|or Chares McKee, they panned to
brng hm to the attenton of the pubc.
378
The pane crashed not far from a secret Deta Force base n Aabama. It has been
rumored that eements of the 20th Speca Operatons Group (SOG) guarded Mena
arport durng the Iran-Contra drug-runnng. A Speca Federa Grand |ury n
Aabama was bocked from nvestgatng the crash.
|1220|*
The Mena drug-runnng, ntmatey connected wth the actvtes of the Iran-Contra
Octopus, was aso on the Congressona nvestgatve agenda, as were the
actvtes of the ATF and FBI at Waco. The nvestgatons were schedued to start n
May.
Yet on Apr 19, two days after the crash, the Okahoma Cty Federa Budng was
bombed. The bombng convenenty shfted the attenton from Cnton's actvtes
at Whtewater, the ATF and FBI's murderous actons at Waco, and the Octopus'
drug-runnng at Mena. onto Okahoma Cty, and "the new enemy n our mdst."
Were these occurrances concdences? And was t a concdence that two weeks
after the bombng, a group of anonymous, back-hooded, machnegun-totng
federa agents began oadng fes removed from the Murrah Budng onto two
unmarked trucks?
What were n the fes that a over dozen heavy-armed agents were so anxous to
hde? Gven the tmng of the aforementoned events, t s key the fes were
ether records ncrmnatng the Octopus for ts drug-runnng at Mena, or records
ncrmnatng the ATF for ther actons at Waco.
It may be more than a concdence that the ATF agents who raded Waco. wore
back unforms wth no dentfyng badges.
|1221|
Interestngy, on the May 14, 1995 edton of "Face the Naton," Whte House Chef
of Staff Leon Panetta denounced those charng the Waco hearngs, camng that
they "wanted to take attenton away from the tragedy of Okahoma Cty."
Panetta aso caed them "despcabe." Curousy, Repubcan egsators
companed bttery about the Executve Branch's tardy and dsorganzed
producton of documents. For nstance, Representatves coud not fnd n ther
48,000 documents a copy of any Apr 19 Waco operaton pan.
|1222|

|1223|*
It has aso been suggested that the fes removed were records mpcatng George
Bush and company for ther roe n seng Iraq boogca weapons that have
nfected arge numbers of Amercan troops and ther fames. Peter Kawa|a, who
served as Lous Champon's chef of securty at hs Product Ingredent Technooges
n Boca Raton, FL - whch was secrety beng used by hs busness partner Ishan
Barbout, an Iraq arms deaer, to produce Cyande shpped to Iraq - cams that
documents mpcatng Bush, Secretary of State |ames Baker, and others nvoved
n the "Iraqgate" scanda were moved to the Afred P. Murrah Budng.
|1224|
379
Whatever the case, someone was obvousy very uptght about some fes n the
Federa Budng - uptght enough to send a team of hooded, heavy-armed
agents to wsk them away.
Severa days after the bombng, Presdent Cnton sent hs much fabed Ant-
Terrorsm B to Congress. The egsaton, orgnay ntroduced after the Word
Trade Center bombng, had been angushng on the Congressona shef. On |une
7, the Senate passed the sweepng measure by a vote of 91 to 8.
|1225|
Concurrent wth the new egsaton was a massve smear campagn aganst the
mtas, trumpeted by Presdent Cnton. As the Sunday Tele%ra*h1s Washngton
correspondent, Ambrose Evans Prtchard, noted:
The momentum of Repubcan "revouton" draned away overnght, as peope drew
back from the ant-government rhetorc of the Rght, uneashng the startng
decne n ts fortunes. Presdent Cnton tod reporters that he owed hs potca
comeback to that bomb. "It broke the spe," he sad.
|1226|
16
The +olitics of Terror
.)ower concedes nothin% without a demandA it neer did/ and it neer will0 Find
out >ust what the *eo*le will su+mit to/ and you hae found out the e#act amount
of in>ustice and wron% which will +e im*osed u*on them0A.
- Frederck Dougass, August 4, 1857
|Yet the FBI wasn't |and sn't| the ony agency practcng counter-nsurgency
technques to dscredt and emnate ts potca opponents.| Ten years after
Re*ort from (ron Mountain was pubshed, Theodore Shackey pubshed The Third
O*tion7 An &#*ert1s )roocatie Re*ort on an American View of !ounterinsur%ency
O*erations.
Shackey was one of the orgna proponents of "ow ntensty confct," whch
manfested tsef as the Phoenx Program n Vetnam, and as death squads n South
and Centra Amerca. Shackey euphemstcay descrbes ths concept as "the thrd
opton."
Senor ntegence offcers ke mysef, who had experence n paramtary
operatons, have aways nssted that the Unted States shoud aso consder the
thrd opton: the use of guerra warfare, counter-nsurgency technques and covert
380
acton to acheve pocy goas.. Potca warfare s very often the sttch n tme
that emnates booder and more costy aternatves.
|1227|
Gene Wheaton cas Shackey's Third O*tion the "operatona manua" for the
covert ntegence "unatc frnge." Ths same unatc ntegence crowd, states
Wheaton, "as far back as the eary 1980s, wanted to create a domestc terrorst
threat n Amerca so the peope woud become so frghtened that they woud gve
up some cv bertes and Consttutona rghts, and gve the CIA and Pentagon
covert operators ma|or domestc counter-terrorsm powers."
As Wheaton wrtes:
The Thrd Opton s not to have peace n the word, and not to have a fu-scae
word war. Instead, they wanted to cause wordwde nstabty, chaos and cv
unrest n order to manpuate and contro peope and governments, ncudng the
Unted States; thus the creaton of the domestc terrorst threat.
|1228|
Notce that Wheaton cas ths the creation of the domestc terrorst threat.
Wheaton states what has been known for centures by the so-caed "enghtened
ones" - the Iumnat, the Masons, the Rhodes Round Tabe, and ther successors:
the CFR, the Bderbergers, and the Tratera Commsson - that out of chaos w
come order (Ordo A+ !hao. )
|1229|
Otherwse known as the "Hegean Prncpe," ths s the technque by whch a
normay repugnant dea (n ths case a totataran poce-state) s offered as the
ony vabe souton to a ntractabe probem (n ths case domestc terrorsm),
deberatey engneered by the state tsef. As New American edtor Wam |asper
notes:
.hstory s repete wth exampes of ruthess and corrupt potcans who have
shameessy expoted and manpuated tragc events and the crmna acts of a
few to advance ther own ust for power. In cases too numerous to menton, tyrants
and asprng despots have gone even further, engagng agents provocateurs to
carry out assassnatons, foment rots and rebeon, precptate fnanca pancs,
attempt paace coups, fegn foregn nvason, ntate acts of terrorsm, and perform
other nfamous acts - a for the purpose of estabshng a mass psychoogy of
fear, a sense of "crss," of mmnent danger requrng the government to suspend
norma bertes and seze vast new powers to dea wth the "emergency."
Hter came to power n precsey ths manner, by burnng down the German
Parament, the Rechstag, then bamng t on hs enemes - n ths case, the
Communsts. He then passed the Enabng Act (a form of ant-terrorsm b) for the
"protecton of the peope and the state."
Hstory s now repeatng tsef. As Adam Parfrey wrtes n !ult Ra*ture7
381
By defnton, a terrorst must take credt for hs voence, or ese there s no
compeng reason to commt a crme. The specfc purpose of terrorsm s ganng
everage on a specfc potca ob|ectve through the abty of threatenng future
terrorst acts. No one has camed credt for the Okahoma Cty bombng. Mta
groups produced partcuary vehement pubc statements condemnng the crme.
"If the bombng was not terrorsm," asks )ortland Free )ress edtor Ace Hayes,
"then what was t? It was pseudo-terrorsm, perpetrated by compartmentazed
covert operators for the purposes of state poce power."
|1230|
The )ortland Free )ress edtor has studed the secret state for decades and can
say that the OKC crme has a the characterstcs of state-panned and-executed
propaganda. It s not dfferent from the bogus Vet Cong unts that were sent out to
rape and murder Vetnamese to dscredt the Natona Lberaton Front. It s not
dfferent from the bogus "fnds" of Comme weapons n E Savador. It s not
dfferent from the bogus Symbonese Lberaton Army created by the CIA/FBI to
dscredt the rea revoutonares.
Probaby the most we-known case was the Rechstag fre, whch ed to the rse of
Naz Germany through the mpementaton of sweepng egsatve powers. On
February 27, 1933, a fre tore through the German parament budng, the
Rechstag. The Nazs mmedatey accused a Dutch Communst named Marnus van
der Lubbe of the crme, and subsequenty executed hm.
The paraes between the Rechstag fre and the Okahoma Cty bombng are eery
smar, both n the keness of the crme, and n ther potca ramfcatons. As
author Wam Shrer wrtes n hs epc, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich7
The dea for the fre amost certany orgnated wth Goebbes and Gerng. Hans
Gsevus, an offca n the Prussan Mnstry of the Interor at the tme, testfed at
Nuremberg that "t was Goebbes who frst thought of settng the Rechstag on
fre," and Rudof Des, the Gestapo chef, added n an affdavt that "Gerng knew
exacty how the fre was to be started" and had ordered hm "to prepare, pror to
the fre, a st of peope who were to be arrested mmedatey after t." Genera
Franz Hader, Chef of the German Genera Staff durng the eary part of Word War
II, recaed at Nuremberg how on one occason Gerng had boasted of hs deed:
"At a uncheon on the brthday of the Fuehrer n 1942 the conversaton turned to
the topc of the Rechstag budng and ts artstc vaue. I heard wth my own ears
when Gerng nterrupted the conversaton and shouted: 'The ony one who reay
knows about the Rechstag s I, because I set t on fre!' Wth that he sapped hs
thgh wth the fat of hs hand."
|Marnus| Van der Lubbe, t seems cear, was a dupe of the Nazs. He was
encouraged to try to set the Rechstag on fre. But the man |ob was to be done -
wthout hs knowedge, of course - by the storm troopers. Indeed, t was
estabshed at the subsequent tra at Lepzg that the Dutch haf-wt dd not
382
possess the means to set so vast a budng on fre so qucky. Two and a haf
mnutes after he entered, the great centra ha was fercey burnng. He had ony
hs shrt for tnder.
The man fres, accordng to the testmony of experts at the tra, had been set wth
consderabe quanttes of chemcas and gasone. It was obvous that one man
coud not have carred them nto the budng, nor woud t have been possbe for
hm to start so many fres n so many scattered paces n so short a tme. Van der
Lubbe was arrested on the spot and Gerng, as he afterward tod the court,
wanted to hang hm at once.
|1231|
Shrer may |ust as we have been descrbng the bombng n Okahoma Cty.
Tmothy McVegh appears as a modern-day Van der Lubbe - a dupe who coud
have not possby destroyed the Murrah Budng wth hs crude homemade
fertzer bomb. Yet he was set up n exacty the same manner as the Dutch
Communst, arrested nstanty, and procamed the utmate soceta enemy -
representng a group that threatened the contnuty of the state - |ust as Cnton
dd wth the mtas n the aftermath of the Okahoma Cty bombng.
Athough Gerng ddn't admt at Nuremberg that hs agents set the fre, the Nazs
sezed on the event, camng Lubbe's act was the precursor of a Communst
nvason. Chanceor Hter persuaded Presdent Hndenburg to sgn an emergency
decree - Artce 48 of the Wemar Consttuton, "for the Protecton of the Peope
and the State" - whch mmedatey abrogated most of the German peopes'
consttutona protectons.
A suppementa decree created the SA (Storm Troops) and SS (Speca Securty)
federa poce agences. These decrees (smar to executve orders of the Presdent
of the Unted States), gave Hter and hs goons the abty to ruthessy suppress a
opposton n the upcomng eectons. As a resut, the Nazs ganed a 44 percent
puraty n the Parament, and |soon-to-be| Luftwaffe Genera Herman Gerng
decared that there was no further need for state governments.
The Nazs were successfu n emnatng the states' authorty n the same manner
- nstgatng dsorder, then queng t by repacng oca governments wth Naz-
apponted Rech Commssoners.
Ths precedent was offcay estabshed on March 23 when the "Enabng Act"
transferred the power of the states to the centra Naz-run government - makng
the federa government responsbe for a aw-enforcement, and conferrng on
Hter the ega status of dctator.
Hter mmedatey apponted |oseph Goebbes as Mnster of Propaganda, and as
Interor Mnster - the top poce post - Hter apponted Herman Gerng. Gerng
mmedatey fed the ranks of the Prussan poce wth oya SA and SS members.
As Suzanne Harrs of the The Law Loft notes:
383
A of the key strategc moves were made by Gerng n settng the stage for a
take-over. Why? Because n order to take over a government, you have to
emnate your potca enemes before they strke, not after. Ths means that you
have to transform the poce from a crme-detectng and punshng apparatus to a
crme preventng apparatus. You have to expand the defnton of key crmes so
that you can dentfy and ncarcerate your enemes before they strke. You have to
transform the atttudes of the poce so that they vew the pubc as the enemy and
not as ctzens wth rghts. You have to have tactca poce unts n pace that w
execute your orders rapdy wthout queston.
|1232|
Soon Naz storm troopers were roarng through the streets at a hours, roundng
up suspected dssdents, ncudng potcans, who were then haued off to
makeshft concentraton camps and tortured or ked. As Wam Shrer wrtes:
|ust to make sure the |ob woud be ruthessy done, Gerng on February 22
estabshed an auxary poce force of 50,000 men, of whom 40,000 were drawn
from the ranks of the S.A. and the S.S.. Poce power n Prussa was thus argey
carred out by Naz thugs. It was a rash German who appeaed to such a "poce"
for protecton aganst the Naz terrorsts.
|1233|
Hter's promses that "the government w make use of these powers ony nsofar
as they are essenta for carryng out vtay necessary measures" were beed by
the ruthess tay of hstory.
|1234|
In a manner fanty remnscent of Hter's assurances concernng the 1933
"Enabng aws," FBI Drector Lous Freeh recenty sought, and won, tentatve
agreement on a package of ant-terrorsm measures that woud expand
wretappng authorty. Freeh assured egsators that the proposas woud not gve
the government "expansve powers."
|1235|
Lke the CIA's announcement to nvestgate tsef for t's own drug-runnng, the wof
now seeks to reassure the pubc that t has no ntenton of nvadng the hen house.
One year to the day after the Okahoma Cty bombng, Presdent |K|nton sgned
the Ant-Terrorsm B, "for the protecton of the peope and the state." Cnton
raroaded Congress nto passng the draconan egsaton n the same manner that
Hter stampeded the German peope nto passng the Enabng Act.
"We can't be so fxated on our desre to preserve the rghts of ordnary Amercans,"
Cnton was quoted n 2SA TO"A' n March of 1993.
|1236|
".a ot of peope say there's too much persona freedom," Cnton stated on MTV
n March of 1994. "When persona freedom's beng abused, you have to move to
mt t."
|1237|
Cnton's Ant-Terrorsm B ncudes pans to estabsh a new FBI counterterrorsm
center wth 1,000 new "ant-terrorst" agents. One proposa, harkng back to the
384
days of COINTELPRO, woud add 25 ntegence anaysts, 190 surveance
specasts wth 143 support personne, 31 engneers and mathematcans for
nterceptng dgta communcatons, and varous other experts and anaysts. The
B aso ncudes a $66 mon wndfa for the ATF for "ant-terrorsm" efforts.
|1238|
Now the FBI has now unveed ts "Crtca Incdent Response Group." Dvded nto
fve unts, the "Undercover Safeguard Unt" seects recruts for |even more|
undercover agents to be sent amongst the Amercan peope; the "Avaton and
Speca Operatons Unt" whch creates an FBI Ar Force for both ogstcs and
spyng; the "Investgatve Support Unt," whch permts the FBI's fawess crme ab
to become avaabe for every aw-enforcement agency n the country; and the
"Crss Management Unt" whch heps the Bureau cover up such ncdents as Ruby
Rdge and Waco whe yng to the press.
Then there s the "SWAT Tranng Unt," and the "Tactca Support" Dvson, whch
ncudes the nfamous "Hostage Rescue Team," whch "rescued" a nursng mother
by shootng her n the face, and "rescued" 86 men, women, and chdren by
gassng, shootng, and burnng them ave.
Fnay, there s the "Abducted Chdren and Sera Kers Unt," whch shoud
provde a measure of reef to those concerned about out-of-contro crmnas who
gas and ncnerate chdren whe commttng mass-murder.
|1239|
One recent manfestaton of Amerca's drft toward a natona poce force s the
fna report of the Natona Performance Revew (NPR) headed by Vce Presdent A
Gore. Sad to be a bueprnt for "renventng government," ths report recommends
"the desgnaton of the Attorney Genera as the Drector of Law Enforcement to
coordnate federa aw enforcement efforts."
Ths was the same Attorney Genera who, aong wth Deputy Attorney Genera
Webster Hubbe and Presdent B Cnton, gave the "fna souton" order at Waco.
The FBI was the agency that carred t out, gassng and ncneratng 86 men,
women and chdren.
Now, under H.R. 97 (the "Rapd Depoyment Strke Force Act"), Cnton, Reno and
Freeh are cang for a 2,500-man "Rapd-Depoyment" force composed of FBI and
other federa agents, a under the supervson of the Attorney Genera.
|1240|
The b
states:
On appcaton of the Governor of a State and the chef executve offcer of the
affected oca government or governments...and upon fndng that the occurrence
of crmna actvty n a partcuar |ursdcton s beng exacerbated by the nterstate
fow of drugs, guns, and crmnas, the Deputy Assstant Drector may depoy on a
temporary bass a unt of the Rapd Depoyment Force.
|udcary Commttee spokesmen ntervewed by Releance Ma%a-ine sad the
Rapd-Depoyment Strke Force "woud aso serve as a mode unt for oca offcers
385
to emuate." A comfortng thought, consderng the "exempary" actons of federa
"aw enforcement" at Ruby Rdge and Waco. Such a Gerng-nspred natona
poce force has the potenta to become an Amercan Gestapo.
|oe Hendrcks, Chef of Poce of Wndsor, Mssour, expressed hs concern over ths
trend n the |une, 1997 ssue of the (daho O+serer7
Unfortunatey, at the present tme, an agent of the FBI coud wak nto my offce
and commandeer ths poce department. If you don't beeve that, read the Crme
B that Cnton sgned nto aw n 1995. There s tak of the feds takng over the
Washngton, D.C. Poce Department. To me ths sets a dangerous precedent.
|1241|
|1242|
Sad |oseph McNamara, former poce chef n San |ose and Kansas Cty, now at the
Hoover Insttute at Stanford Unversty: "Despte the conventona wsdom that
communty pocng s sweepng the naton, the exact opposte s happenng,"
|1243|
Chares "Bud" Meeks, executve drector of the Natona Sherff's Assocaton, adds,
"By passng statutes n an effort to make |the crme stuaton| better," he
observed, "we're gettng coser to a federa poce state."
|1244|
"In SWAT unts formed snce 1980, ther use has ncreased by 538 percent," sad
poce researcher Peter Kraska. Orgnay desgned to contro armed, barrcaded
suspects, SWAT teams are now beng routney used n the so-caed "War on
Drugs," and n paces ke Fresno, are beng depoyed fu-tme as roamng patros.
"The drug war created the atmosphere for ths knd of pro-actve pocng," Kraska
sad. "We have never seen ths knd of pocng, where SWAT teams routney break
through a door, subdue a the occupants and search the premses for drugs, cash
and weapons."
Whe the average ctzen has to pay a severa hundred doar fne or serve |a tme
for possessng a sma amount of mar|uana, the bggest drug deaers n the
country - the CIA - have been pumpng tons of heron and cocane nto ths
country for decades. Now the "War on Drugs," whch even many n the aw-
enforcement communty admt s a sham, s beng used to wage war on the
Amercan peope.
"It's a very dangerous thng, when you're teng cops they're soders and there's
an enemy out there," adds McNamara. "I don't ke t a."
|1245|
Yet maybe the cops won't have to worry about ookng ke soders. On October
5th, 1994, the House |udcary Subcommttee on Crme and Crmna |ustce hed
hearngs on the |ustce Department's proposed "Use of the Natona Guard n
Domestc Law Enforcement."
|1246|
386
One ncreasng manfestaton of ths trend are Mut-|ursdctona Task Forces
(M|TF) tranng for urban guerra warfare (UGW). As numerous newspaper artces
have noted over the past few years, sweeps by Army hecopters n towns and
ctes across Amerca n con|uncton wth paramtary poce rads and tranng
exercses have been ncreasng. The foowng ncdent was reported by |m Keth
and verfed by the author:
Durng the Summer of 1993, resdents of Mdtown, Atanta, Georga were shocked
n the eary hours of the mornng as three mtary hecopters came churnng
through ther hgh-rse condo canyons as part of mtary Speca Operatons
Command practce rads. In the same area n |uy of 1994, automatc weapons fre
and exposons echoed off an abandoned state offce budng on Peachtree Street.
Empoyees of a Knko's copy center at 793 Peachtree Street saw men n batte gear
atop the budng. An empoyees remember a buet shatterng the store's wndow
durng the exercse.
Durng |anuary of 1994, troops from the U.S. Army Speca Operatons Command,
whch ncudes the Green Berets, Rangers, and psychoogca warfare specasts,
were seen rappeng off the empty 11-story St Mortz Hote n Mam, frng pant
peets n mock assaut exercses.
|1247|
In Fort Lauderdae durng November of 1996,
troops from the 160th Speca Operatons Avaton Regment from Fort Campbe,
Kentucky, aong wth Speca Forces, Rangers, Navy SEALSs, and psychoogca
warfare specasts, practced "nght urban navgaton tranng."
In Houston, the crash of an Army hecopter aerted ctzens to troops practcng
UGW exercses wth hecopters, sma arms fre and exposves n vacant budngs.
|1248|
Smar exercses were practced near Detrot durng the Summer of 1994. In Van
Buren townshp, ctzens were treated to the sound of exposons and automatc
gunfre. When resdents companed, they were tod by poce, "Don't worry about
t. The M|TF and Van Buren PD SWAT teams were practcng."
Resdent Brdget Tuohey wasn't reassured. "I have two tte kds here who are
sem-hysterca," Tuohey tod the "etroit News. When Van Buren resdent Mark
Spencer went to nvestgate, he saw men n Nn|a-stye back unforms wth no
markngs practcng mock assauts on abandoned houses.
Athough the ve ordnance found at the scene had aready been photographed by
oca Detrot teevson crews, Wayne County Poce spokesman camed that t dd
not exst.
|1249|
As Spencer recas, "Never n 25 years of vng n ths area have I ever heard
automatc weapons fre. Never have I heard exposves tranng beng done here.
Never have I seen men dressed n back batte dress roamng the wooded areas of
my home."
|1250|
387
On |une 6, 1996, the Washin%ton Times reported:
Nne Army hecopters swooped nto Pttsburgh n the mdde of the nght ths week
and turned parts of the cty nto war zones, compete wth sounds of exposons
and gunfre that frghtened resdents and sent one pregnant woman nto abor.
What are these troops tranng for? Accordng to a report n the March, 1995 ssue
of Soldier of Fortune, about 40 Army and Ar Force ega and other personne
attended a secret "research symposum" at XVIII Arborne Corps between
December 6th and 8th, 1994, to strategze and study for the depoyment of U.S.
personne and resources to ad cvan authortes n "the suppresson of domestc
cv unrest." Army awyers repeatedy brushed asde Arborne offcers concerns
that such depoyment woud voate the Posse Comtatus Act. One awyer,
respondng somewhat cryptcay sad, "Not anymore, t doesn't."
|1251|
Then, n eary March of 1966, dozens of defense ndustry eaders, government
pocy makers, and mtary anaysts met wth federa aw enforcement offcas at
the Rtz-Carton n McLean, Vrgna. Ther purpose was to strategze for the
"Operatons Other Than War/Law Enforcement" (OOTW/LE) ntatve, desgned to
ncrease coordnaton between aw-enforcement and the mtary - a trend whch
has been acceeratng n recent years. As Sources &Journal reported:
In hearngs on the |ont Pentagon/aw enforcement OOTW program n |une, 1994,
Dr. Anta K. |ones, drector of defense research and engneerng, tod the House
Armed Servces Commttee that she foresees the mtary ncreasngy beng caed
upon to respond to "rsng voence on our cty streets" and to dea wth the
"wdespread avaabty of ncreasngy powerfu weapons."
|1252|
One partcuary frghtenng aspect of ths trend s the transfer of new Orwean-
stye weapons and surveance gear to domestc aw enforcement. The Oran%e
!ounty Re%ister of March 19, 1993 reported that Camp Pendeton Marne base n
southern Caforna recenty added an $8.4 mon facty to tran for urban
warfare.
|1253|
Whe the DoD cams these exercses are tranng for "overseas" commtments,
Ma|or Genera Max Baratz dropped the ba when he wrote n the Summer, 1994
ssue of Army Resere Ma%a-ine7
In addton to provdng fuy ready unts for our nternatona mssons, we' have
an enhanced capabty to support domestc actons, |ncudng| regona pannng
reated to Mtary Support to Cvan Authortes and FEMA (Federa Emergency
Management Agency) actvtes.
|1254|
As Wam |asper reported n the October 31, 1994 ssue of The New American,
soders are currenty undergong tranng n dsarmng cvan mtas at the $12
mon Mtary Operatons on Urban Terran (MOUT) compex at Ft. Pok, Georga.
|1255|
388
Ths pan came to fruton n February of 1995, when a source nsde the Nevada
Natona Guard sad that the FBI had asked for 400 Natona Guardsmen to hep
"put down" the Nevada State's Rghts Movement. When the Guard refused, the FBI
threatened to brng n federa troops.
One Natona Guardsman who had partcpated n "Desert Massacre" tod an
observer hs outft was beng traned to "attack urban budngs." When asked for
carfcaton, he sad, "If they tod us there were guns or drugs n a house, we know
how to take t down."
Interestngy, Over North and "Buck" Reve heped deveop the pocy of
mtarzng our aw-enforcement. One exampe s the FBI - now beng gven snper
tranng by the mtary. That tranng heped the Bureau massacre 86 men,
women, and chdren at Waco. It was the frst tme n recent hstory that the
government voated the Posse Comtatus Act by usng federa troops on Amercan
ctzens.
|1256|
To put some perspectve on FEMA's connectons to the unatc frnge, note that
Over North served on the Reagan-created Emergency Mobzaton Preparedness
Board, whch oversaw FEMA's pannng and operatons. North was assgned there
from 1982 to 1984 by Robert "Bud" McFarane.
|1257|
Raymond "Buddy" Young, Presdent Cnton's former Drector of Securty, was
apponted drector of FEMA's Regon IV post. Young, who has reportedy
partcpated n and covered-up the Octopus's varous ega dongs at Mena,
Arkansas, no doubt was gven the we-payng |ob as a reward for hs sence. He
ater showed up n the aftermath of the Okahoma Cty bombng, drectng FEMA
traffc and hodng press conferences.
Former Assstant Defense Secretary Frank Carucc (Rchard Armtage's pa) sgned
a Drectve permttng senor mtary commanders to decare marta aw "when
unawfu obstructons or rebeon aganst the authorty of the Unted States
renders ordnary enforcement means unworkabe...."
|1258|
North hmsef proposed a suspenson of the Consttuton upon the panned U.S.
nvason of Ncaragua. In fact, North testfed durng the Iran-Contra hearngs that
they were prepared "to suspend the Consttuton n the event of mass mmgraton
and domestc potca unrest."
The pan was caed Operaton Rex-84-Apha (Readness Exercse 1984, Exercse
Pan). Rex-84, whch ran concurrenty wth the frst annua show of U.S. force n
Honduras n Apr 1984, was desgned to test FEMA's abty to round up 400,000
undocumented Centra Amercan mmgrants and domestc protesters n the event
of an nvason by U.S. forces, and ts abty to dstrbute hundreds of tons of sma
arms to State Defense Forces (SDF). Reagan and North panned to utze the SDFs
to contro and mprson Amercan ctzens and Centra Amercan refugees.
389
As Genera Frank Sacedo, Chef of FEMA's Cv Securty Dvson, stated n 1982, at
east 100,000 U.S. ctzens, from survvasts to tax protesters, pose serous threats
to cv securty.
|1259|
Rex-84 (aong wth other |ont-mobzaton exercses as "Proud Saber/Rex-82,"
"Operaton Garden Pot," and "Operaton Nght Tran") was practced wth 34 other
agences such as the CIA, FBI and the Secret Servce. Ben Bradee, n hs book, The
Rise And Fall of Olier North, wrtes that the Rex exercse was desgned to test
FEMA's readness to assume authorty over the DoD, the Natona Guard, and "a
number of state defense forces to be estabshed by state egsatures." The
mtary woud then be "deputzed," makng an end run around the Posse
Comtatus Act. Ths was the same Posse Comtatus Act that was breached at L.A.
and Waco.
|1260|
Detanment camps (concentraton camps) were set up on U.S. so to dea wth the
expected food of refugees and potca dssenters. Some nformed sources say
they st exst.
Such we-documented operatons represent a frghtenng precedent for the
Shadow Government to suspend Consttutona rghts (or what tte we have eft) n
the case of potca dssent. Ths probabty was rased by a CIA agent n
conversaton wth DEA veteran Mke Levne. Levne recas the dscusson n hs
book, Trian%le of "eath7
"Don't you reaze that there are factons n your government that want ths to
happen - an emergency stuaton too hot for a consttutona government to
hande."
"To what end?" I asked
"A suspenson of the Consttuton, of course. The egsaton s aready n pace. A
perfecty ega. Check t out for yoursef. It's caed FEMA, Federa Emergency
Management Agency. 'Turn n your guns, you boody bastards, from here on out,
we're watchng you, you ant-government rabbe rousers.' And who woud be kng,
Mchae?"
|1261|
"CIA," I sad.
Whe Levne supposedy had ths conversaton wth the Argentne CIA Staton Chef
n 1991, he tod me the actua dscusson took pace wth a drunk CIA agent n
Buenos Ares tweve years earer. As Levne recas: "He tod me Amerca shoud
be more ke Argentna. That Amercans have more rghts than they shoud have..
He sad, 'Gve Amercans a car, a TV set, a home, and they're happy.' He tod me
a you had to do was create a stuaton of fear and anarchy so that Amercans w
gve up ther rghts.. I beeve ths s part of what's happenng now."
|1262|
390
A prme exampe was the 1992 L.A. rots. Whe the beatng of back motorst
Rodney Kng was not part of a preconceved pan, many nsst that the rots were
aowed to rage out of contro to test the government's pans for marta aw, and
provde an excuse for further eroson of our cv rghts. It was wdey reported that
Poce Chef Dary Gates deberatey hed back hs offcers, some of whom teray
cred as they watched the ensung chaos.
|1263|
Even that baston of the estabshment, the New 'ork Times, reported:
Emergng evdence from the frst cruca hours. provdes the strong ndcaton that
top poce offcas dd tte to pan for the possbty of voence and dd not foow
standard procedures to contan the rotng once t began..
The poce. voated the basc poce procedure for rot-contro by fang to cordon
off the area around one of the frst troube spots and not returnng to that area for
hours.
Poce 911 dspatchers attempted to send squad cars to the scene of the frst
voent outbreaks, but were repeatedy gnored or overrued.
|1264|
One deputy chef, commentng on the hundreds of offcers (and Natona
Guardsmen) who were deberatey hed back, tod the 3os An%eles Times, "Ths s
aen to everythng we're supposed to do n a stuaton ke ths."
|1265||1266|
Others, such as Compton Cty Councwoman Patrca Moore, pubcy stated that
the poce themseves started the rots. Backng up Moore was CIA operatve
Frederck George Cean (AKA: Fred Sebastan), who nssted that the rots were
"fomented by federa agents."
|1267|*
It s aso nterestng to note the smarty to the 1965 Watts rots. Poce Chef
Wam Parker testfed that the Watts escaaton was part of an "organzed effort."
Parker backed up hs cam by ctng reports of candestne rado messages whch
nterrupted reguar poce channes as "further evdence of organzaton."
|1268|
The McCone Commsson, charged wth the task of nvestgatng the Watts rots -
ke ts predecessor, the Warren Commsson - typcay found no evdence of
organzaton. |ohn McCone was CIA Drector at the tme of the Kennedy
assassnaton.
The Chrstopher Commsson, organzed by Secretary of State Warren Chrstopher
to nvestgate the L.A. rots, woud make smar fndngs, ths tme ayng the
bame on L.A.'s street gangs - the Crps and the Boods. Chrstopher s an attorney
for IBM and Lockheed Corp., cosey agned wth the CIA.
|1269|
The Kent State rots of 1970 are another nterestng exampe. As one student
recaed on a KPFK rado ntervew: "The ROTC budng s about 200 feet from the
poce staton, rght across the courtyard. A these sef-styed revoutonares who
391
were burnng down the ROTC budng took ?D minutes to %et it started. A the
tme, the poce never attempted to stop them. In fact, t was amost as f they
wanted them to burn down the ROTC budng.
From ths pont on, they used ths as an excuse to stop the movement that
students were nvoved n - the massve opposton to the war n Vetnam."
|1270|
The Watts uprsng aso saw a sharp ncrease n domestc poce and mtary
ntegence gatherng, and gave rse to modern aw-enforcement tactcs such as
the SWAT team. Ever snce the rots, wrtes former UCLA professor Donad Freed,
"domestc counter-nsurgency has become a 'growth ndustry.' Forty thousand fast-
growng poce agences, contanng more than 400,000 men and women, are
becomng chef customers for many defense ndustry contractors."
|1271|
The stuaton woud be repeated n Los Angees, where the rots presented a prme
opportunty for the rung ete to put 10,000 troops, ncudng 1,508 Marnes and
2,023 GIs on the streets of an Amercan cty whe practcng FEMA-stye marta
aw.
|1272|
Shoud a stuaton such as Levne refers to actuay take pace, the frst to be
"detaned" woud be those who oppose the current system - dssdents, radcas,
and prmary, those n the Patrot/Mta movement. The movement represents a
threat to the exstng power structure n the same way that the Ant-War
movement represented a threat to the mtary-ndustra estabshment, or the
Sandnstas and the FMLN represented a threat to ther U.S.-backed fascst
dctators.
Used to vewng chaenges to ts authorty on an counternsurgency mode, the
rung ete regard the Patrot/Mta movement aong the same nes.
Such counternsurgency tranng orgnated n Vetnam under the nfamous Phoenx
Program of CIA Drector Wam Coby and Ted Shackey. Not surprsngy, Shackey
uses exampes such as Phoenx and the ater-day death squads of Latn Amerca as
spendd exampes of how to curb an "nsurgency." Shackey refers to the poor,
common peope of these countres as tte more than snster nsurgents out to
destroy a vestges of democracy, when n fact, any sembage of democracy, f t
ever exsted, woud be qucky extngushed to protect the nterests of U.S.
ndustra cartes.
Now our own democracy, argey a sham to begn wth, s begnnng to foow the
mode of these thrd-word countres. Shackey's "Thrd Opton" has become the
mode for the counternsurgency program now beng waged aganst the Amercan
peope. As Hayes wrtes:
The Impera State s pannng for war wth the Amercan peope. It s pannng to
wn that war. There s no other possbe expanaton for the frenzed framng of a
fascst poce state.
|1273|
392
The Shadow Government's wngness to k arge numbers of foregners n ts
boody wars and covert operatons s now beng extended to the Amercan peope,
as ts goas shft from controng thrd-word popuatons to controng Amercan
ctzens. The same technques of propaganda, torture, and other coercon that was
fed-tested by the CIA aganst "Communsts" and other nsurgents n South and
Centra Amerca w utmatey be used on Amercan ctzens as the U.S. moves
coser and coser potcay and economcay to ts thrd-word cousns.
A Speca Forces combat veteran who coached desert warfare exercses sad, very
matter-of-facty, that such tranng woud be used on Amercan ctzens. "I don't
know |when|," he sad, "but sooner or ater, t's nevtabe."
As natonasm becomes ess and ess the defnng factor, the ethca and mora
equaton shfts wth t. It s a short eap from ratonazng the kng of hundreds of
thousands or even mons of foregners to kng a few hundred or a few thousand
Amercans, f the pocy ob|ectves deems t necessary. These deaths are smpy
vewed as "coatera damage" by the rung ete.
Whe ths may sound ke a drastc concept, the basc dea underyng t s the
same. Governments need to contro ther peope. In Latn Amerca, Red Chna,
Turkey, and Indonesa, they do t through repressve aws, ncarceraton, torture,
and death squads. In "cvzed" countres such as the Unted States, the
technques are the same, they ony dffer n the degree that they are used.
Such technques were used at Waco. In an attempt to demoraze Church
members, brght ghts, regous chants, sounds of dyng anmas, and Church
members' own voces were basted at the compound 24 hours-a-day. The "|ustce"
Department brought n Dr. Igor Smrnov, a Russan specast at the Moscow
Medca Academy, to study Koresh's mnd and devse approprate mnd-contro
technques. It was aso reported that utra-ow frequency sound waves, whch
cause nausea, rrtabty and other physca symptoms, were empoyed. FBI agents
who were prone to usng more basc technques woud hur "fash-bang" grenades
nto the courtyard, terrorzng the women and chdren.
|1274|
After the Branch Davdans were appropratey demonzed by a compent mass-
meda, the FBI roed n wth tanks and hgy-famabe CS-sas (whch was banned by
the Geneva Conventon as too nhumane to be used on forei%n enemes), and
massacred 86 men, women, and chdren.
Whe Amercan ctzens were beng ruthessy saughtered by out-of-contro federa
agents, the natona news meda fed us the banay repettous soap opera drama
of a former footba payer accused of murderng hs ex-wfe, whch payed tsef
out n endess tak shows, tabod "news" programs, and magazne artces for over
two years - whe the bruta massacre of 86 Amercan ctzens by unatc "aw-
enforcement" personne was margnazed as a reatvey unmportant ssue.
393
What the Putocracy reveaed n that case s that the Amercan peope coud be
persuaded - through government dsnformaton and a subservent meda (and
ther own stupdty) - that the massacre was "|ustfabe." How many Amercans
can be heard parrotng the offca government ne when asked about Waco? The
Branch Davdans were "regous nuts," or "whackos," we are tod, and hence
deserved ther fate - to be tortured, gassed, shot, and burned to death - women,
chdren, pets and a.
|1275|
What s panfuy cear by these exampes s that Ted Shackey's "Thrd Opton,"
orgnay a mode for counternsurgency aganst the thrd-word, s now beng put
to the test n the U.S. - a program of counternsurgency aganst the Amercan
peope.
Whe the U.S. escaates n ts use of repressve aws, mprsonment, torture, and
murder, the man too has aways been propaganda, n the form of the corporate-
controed press.
|1276|
As Shackey wrtes:
There are cases n whch a cause supported, a newspaper campagn ntated, or a
partcuar canddate encouraged n an eecton coud mean (and n the past has
meant) that the crss n whch our vta nterests mght be at stake never arses.
|1277|
Adoph Hter expressed smar sentments n Mein 4am*f7 "The task of
propaganda es. n drectng the masses towards certan facts, events,
necesstes, etc., the purpose beng to move ther mportance nto the masses' fed
of vson.."
|1278|*
Lt. Co. Mchae Aquno - a U.S. Army mnd-contro expert - certany has no
averson to practcng the technques utzed by the Nazs. The sef-avowed
Satanst (and reported head of the CIA's Operaton MONARCH, whch utzes
chdren for mnd-contro), once performed a Satanc rtua n the Ha of the Dead
at Germany's Westphaan caste. The ste was an occut sanctuary for Henrch
Hmmer's SS ete.
|1279|
As the San Francisco &#aminer reported:
|A|quno once urged the Pentagon, n a controversa psychoogca warfare study
entted "Mnd War," to overwhem enemes by mobzng every means of domestc
and foregn propaganda, ncudng branwashng the U.S. pubc.
|1280|
Such technques were certany empoyed n Okahoma, where a massve
propaganda campagn accusng Tmothy McVegh of the bombng and nkng hm
to the Mta Movement ed to the passage of the Ant-Terrorsm B.
The Ant-Terrorsm B, and the Crme Bs ntroduced concurrenty, permt an
ncreasngy oppressve Federa Government to mantan an unprecedented eve of
contro over the Amercan peope.
394
Ensconced n the Ant-Terrorsm B's cryptc anguage are provsons whch woud
aow the Presdent and the |ustce Department to defne whch groups are sub|ect
to the ncreasngy broad defnton of "terrorst." It woud aow expanded use of
wretaps and aow egay-sezed evdence to be used n court. It woud permt
federa and oca poce agences to trace fnanca nformaton wthout obtanng
evdence of a crme. It woud aow expanded use of current aws prohbtng fund-
rasng for terrorst organzatons, dena of vsas, ncreased cooperaton wth other
governments on money aunderng and asset sezures. It woud permt "no-knock"
searches n certan cases. And t woud aow the mtary to ntervene n certan
domestc stuatons deemed a natona securty threat.
In short, t guts the Frst, Fourth, Ffth, Sxth, and Eghth Amendments to the
Consttuton, ays the framework for an entrenched poce state, and gves the
Federa Government fu power to target any+ody who s deemed a threat to ts
authorty.
Wth the bombng accompaned by 100 tmes more footage about dead chdren
than the meda mustered for Waco, t wasn't hard to convnce a gube pubc
about the "threats" posed by mtas. Whe the fna verson rammed through
Congress was watered down somewhat, t was |ust the begnnng of a wave of
"ant-mta" egsaton ntroduced n the wake of the bombng.
No doubt, future engneered "acts of terrorsm" w serve to renstate the deeted
provsons of the Ant-Terrorsm B.
On November 2, Representatve Chares Schumer (D-NY) ntroduced H.R. 2580, hs
attempt to "ceanse the ness of voent extremsm" from Amerca's potca
cuture by outawng mtas.
|1281|
H.R. 2580 foowed on the hees of ts sster b, H.R. 1544, the "Domestc
Insurgency Act," ntroduced by Representatve Nader. The Domestc Insurgency
Act purports to prevent two or more ndvduas from engagng n any paramtary
group who possess "any weapons capabe of causng death or n|ury wth the
ntenton to unawfuy oppose the authorty of the Unted States." Such a
paramtary group coud concevaby ncude a par of senor ctzens wth Swss
Army knves at a church pcnc dscussng ther unhappness wth the Soca
Securty Admnstraton.
In ths sense, the Omnbus Ant-Terrorsm B can be seen as tte more than an
"Enabng Law," smar to Hter's repressve egsaton that aowed the German
government to overrde ther own consttutona protectons.
Not surprsngy, t was Shackey who frst recommended the conce*t of an Ant-
Terrorsm B:
,uide %oernments in the *re*aration of anti terrorist laws. When the cadre phase
begns to unfod, many countres fnd they do not have aws on the books to dea
395
wth the threat.. t s better to be abe to arrest and convct subversves on the
bass of a law then on an executve order. If such aws cannot be passed
expedtousy, the party n power shoud mount an educaton campagn to ray
pubc opnon on behaf of ther enactment.
|1282|
Snce Shackey was the frst to come up wth the concept of an Ant-Terrorsm B,
and snce he was aso one of the frst to run a ma|or CIA-sanctoned drug-runnng
operaton, one coud effectvey argue that the contros offered by the Ant-
Terrorsm B w go a ong way towards assstng these bands of covert operators
and nternatona crmnas n ther ega enterprses.
The Genera Servces Admnstraton, for exampe, noted that the Dgta Teephony
B woud "make t easer for crmnas, terrorsts, foregn ntegence and
computer hackers to eectroncay penetrate the pubc network and pry nto areas
prevousy not open to snoopng." One ony need ook at the actvtes of Casey,
Shackey, Armtage, and North, et a., and the banket of "natona securty" they
operated under, to reaze the staggerng mpcatons of ths.
Presdent Reagan's Executve Order 12333 aso asssted n ths deveopment by
permttng the "prvatzng" of ntegence gatherng. Not surprsngy, Shackey,
Casey, and Bush attended the December 5, 1980 meetng to draft E.O. 12333,
whch states:
Agences wthn the Integence Communty are authorzed to enter nto contracts
or arrangements for the provson of goods or servces wth prvate companes or
nsttutons n the Unted States and need not revea the sponsorshp of such
contracts or arrangements for authorzed ntegence purposes..
Not that the government needed a new aw to conduct ts crmna actvtes - t
smpy codfed what had aready been estabshed. By prvatzng covert
operatons, the government gets to mantan "pausbe denabty."
Front-companes such as EATSCO, Stanford Technooges, Intercontenta
Industres, E-Systems, Southern Ar Transport, and a bewderng array of others,
aow the Octopus to make arge amounts of money whe provdng the Putocracy
wth an "off the shef" capabty to conduct covert operatons, whe at the same
tme, skrtng Congressona oversght. As former CIA agent Vctor Marchett wrtes:
Wth the cooperaton of an acquescent, -nformed Congress, and the
encouragement and assstance of a seres of Presdents, the cut has but a wa of
aws and executve orders around the CIA and tsef, a wa that has bocked
effectve pubc scrutny.
|1283|
One exampe s the securty frm Wackenhut, whch but dossers on Amercans
suspected of beng Communsts or Left-eanng "subversves," ncudng ant-war
protesters and cv-rghts demonstrators. As Frank Donner wrtes n The A%e of
Sureillance7
396
By 1965, Wackenhut was boastng to potenta nvestors that the company
mantaned fes on 2.5 mon suspected dssdents - one n 46 Amercan aduts
then vng. n 1966. Wackenhut coud confdenty mantan that wth more than 4
mon names, t had the argest prvatey hed fe on suspected dssdents n
Amerca.
|1284|
Wam Corbett, an 18-year CIA veteran tod |ohn Connoy wrtng n the
September, 1992 ssue of S*y, "For years Wackenhut has been nvoved wth the
CIA and other ntegence organzatons, ncudng the DEA. Wackenhut woud
aow the CIA to occupy postons wthn the company |n order to carry out|
candestne operatons." Other former agents and operatves confrmed Corbett's
statement. "When they |the CIA| need cover, Wackenhut s there to provde t for
them," sad former CIA contract empoyee Rchard Babayan. Php Agee, a former
CIA agent who wrote hs expos, (nside the !om*any n 1975, tod S*y, "I don't
have the sghtest doubt that the CIA and Wackenhut overap."
The prvate "securty" agency's board of drectors reads ke a Who's Who of the
ntegence communty. Former FBI Drector Carence Key, former CIA Drector
Wam Rabor, and former Deputy CIA Drectors Frank Carucc and Bobby Ray
Inman (of E-Systems, another quas-cvan covert contractor), are a featured
promnenty on the company's membershp roster. Aso takng a speca pace on
the Wackenhut board was one Wam Casey, the former CIA Drector who had a
procvty for extraega covert operatons such as Iran-Contra.
Lke E-Systems and Contnenta Shef, Wackenhut was deepy enmeshed n covert
technoogca procurement and murder-for-hre, ncudng the 1982 assassnaton
of Cabazon trba eader Fred Avaraz and hs two companons. Avaraz had made
the mstake of crtczng Wackenhut operatons, begun n 1979 by a spook named
|ohn Php Nchos.
|1285|
The goas of these "Secret Teams" naturay overap wth the agendas of the
corporate-fnanca ete. "|Roy| Godson estmates that nternatona crme groups
outperform most Fortune 500 companes. They dever drugs, ega aens, and
aundered money, and provde servces ke voence and extorton - a wth
organzatons that resembe Genera Motors more than they resembe the
tradtona Scan Mafa." Godson shoud know. As a member of the Natona
Strategy Informaton Center, founded by former CIA Drector Wam Casey,
Godson heped Over North rase funds for the drug-runnng Contras.
|1286|
Another exampe of the symbotc reatonshp between the prvate sector and the
covert communty s Peregrne Internatona n Daas, Texas. Founded by Guy S.
Howard and Ronad R. Tucker, Peregrne was most recenty run by George Petre, a
veteran the Army's secret Deta-Force. Petre tod the "allas Mornin% News that hs
company "consuts" wth foregn governments on terrorsm. Petre dspays
pctures of hm wth George Bush and other promnent potcans.
|1287|
397
As reported n the )hiladel*hia (n9uirer, Peregrne conducted covert ops wth
Defense Department approva from 1981 unt 1984, when the company foded
(athough Texas Secretary of State records ndcate the company was st actve as
of 1996). As the (n9uirer wrote:
The company hred both retred and actve duty mtary personne on eave to act
as "guns" - guys who had no quams about bowng peope away. Ther
assassnaton targets ncude pannng to k drug smuggers n Peru, Honduras,
Beze, and Carbbean natons; armed and tran Contras, and arm and tran offca
mtary commando unts n E Savador, Honduras and Peru.
|1288|
Was Peregrne's pan to k drug smuggers part of a program to cean up the drug
trade? Or was t an extenson of Shackey's program to emnate the CIA's heron
competton, as t had n Laos?
Perhaps that s what Tmothy McVegh's etter (about beng recruted for a Covert
Tactca Unt) meant about "emnatng the competton."
Navy SEAL Team commander Robert Hunt, who used to teach assassnaton teams
for the CIA, descrbed the actvtes of ANV, whch served as an umbrea for
Peregrne. As Rodney Stch wrtes n "efraudin% America7
Sharehoders n the company were present and former CIA personne, reportedy
nvoved n some aspect of CIA-reated drug traffckng. They ncuded, for nstance,
Theodore Shackey, who was heavy nvoved n the CIA Far East drug traffckng
and then n the drug traffckng from Centra and South Amerca.. Hunt stated
there were numerous tes between the groups and the Rchard Secord-Theodore
Shackey-and Thomas Cnes Assocates, a of whom were reportedy assocated
wth the opum trade and assassnaton program n Laos.
ANV s the "acton arm" of Contnenta Shef Assocates (formery Perry
Submarnes/Perry Off-Shore) of |upter, Forda. A former CIA propretary, t was
operated by Robert "Stretch" Stevens, who had served as Shackey's Martme
Operatons Chef from the Bay of Pgs to South East Asa (Shackey sts on the
board of CSA). In ths regard, the actvtes of organzatons ke ANV and Peregrne
are no dfferent than those of groups ke the CIA's od ZR/RIFLE, set up to
assassnate Fde Castro and Che Guevera.
ANV (aso known as the "Fsh Farm") specazes n tranng foregn natonas for
commando-type mercenary operatons and assassnatons - rented to varous
groups and governments around the word. On the board of ANV s B Hamton,
former Drector of Navy speca operatons who attempted to estabsh the
"Phoenx Battaon," a prvatey-funded, covert group that woud aunch
"preemptve strkes" aganst organzatons t defned as "terrorst."
|1289|
Coud Hussan a-Hussan and hs assocates have been some of the foregn
natonas traned by ANV?
398
Accordng to Wheaton, ths same group of covert operators contros a secret base
on Andros Isand n the Bahamas operated by the super-secret NRO (Natona
Reconnassance Offce), the USMC, and the Navy. Named AUTEC, t s an
underground/underwater computerzed facty for trackng both frendy and
enemy shps and subs. Wheaton cams that an "ega secret operaton bured
wthn the compex s a covert ntegence pro|ect, database and operaton
directed a%ainst the ciilian *o*ulation of the 2nited States0A"
|1290|
Wheaton cams the facty "s centra contro for Ted Shackey's 'Thrd Opton' and
the pro|ect to create domestc unrest, chaos, and the uson of a domestc
terrorst threat wthn Amerca."
|1291|
Whe operatons from super-secret hgh-tech bases may sound ke the stuff of Ian
Femmng noves, Shackey aegedy drected the overthrow of Austraa's Prme
Mnster Gough Whtam - the frst Labor Prme Mnster n over two decades -
from the super-secret Pne Gap facty run by the CIA. As the Sheehan Affdavt
states:
On November 2, 1975, Whtam pubcy accused the CIA of subsdzng hs
opposton, and named Natona Country Party chef Doug Anthony as a
coaborator. The Next day, the Australian Financial Reiew reported that the
super-secret U.S.-Austraan "space study staton" n Austraa, known as Pne Gap,
was actuay a CIA eectronc ntegence facty. The artce aso dentfed Rchard
Stangs, former drector of Pne Gap and frend of Anthony, as a CIA agent. Pne
Gap's true functon shocked not ony the Austraan pubc, but aso top
government offcas, ncudng the Prme Mnster..
|1292|
The coroary between the stuaton n the U.S. and that n Austraa may be
sgnfcant, snce that country s now undergong whoesae gun confscaton of ts
ctzenry under "Operaton Cabn Thrust" - the frst step to tota contro of ts
popuaton.
In the Phppnes, "ant-terrorsm" egsaton has aready been passed, further
restrctng peopes' rghts. In Engand, aws mandatng whoesae handgun
confscaton have recenty been mpemented.
Prmary targeted s Amerca, "and of the free," as new restrctons on prvacy,
free speech, and sef-defense are nvoked n the wake of the Word Trade Center
and Okahoma Cty bombngs.
Zbgnew Breznsky, Executve Drector of the Tratera Commsson and Natona
Securty Advsor to |mmy Carter |and four other presdents|, expaned t best:
"The technotronc era nvoves the gradua appearance of a more controed
socety. Such a socety woud be domnated by an ete, unrestraned by tradtona
vaues."
399
The reader has aready been gven a gmpse of ths "ete" and ther so-caed
"vaues." Domnatng socety w be a Putocracy controng everythng from
potcs and meda, educaton, commerce and ndustry, even prvate property. Such
pans cas for more governmenta programs, more governmenta contros, and
more and more government-mposed order.
Caro |. Ougey, former Professor of Internatona Affars at Georgetown Unversty
and B Cnton's mentor, grasped the Orwean mpcatons of ths over 30 years
ago. As Ougey observes n Tra%edy and 8o*e7 "|The ndvdua's| freedom and
choce w be controed wthn very narrow aternatves by the fact that he w be
numbered from brth and foowed, as a number, through hs educatona tranng,
hs requred mtary or other pubc servce, hs tax contrbutons, hs heath and
medca requrements, and hs fna retrement and death benefts."
Utzng ther mnons n the meda and the aphabet soup of federa agences -
the FBI, ATF, DEA, CIA, NSA, IRS, INS, FDA, BLM, FINCEN, and FEMA - the ete
seek tota contro over our famy, our heath, our fnances, our educaton, our
thoughts, and utmatey, our very ves. What s sought s nothng ess than a
goba pantaton run by the transnatona corporate ete - a modern day form of
word-wde fascsm.
To accompsh ther nefarous ends, covert ntegence operatons, hghy
sophstcated propaganda efforts, and a reorganzaton of the aw-enforcement
communty s beng combned wth subte and nvasve egsatve changes, a
argey unnotced by pubc eyes.
|1293|
1'
/ !trategy of Tension
.The !hickens are comin% home to roost0. - Macom X
Lke the Reschtag fre, the Okahoma Cty bombng served as the catayst to
mpose a new wave of draconan egsaton on the Amercan peope.
The bombng aso dovetaed perfecty wth the pocy of bamng pre-arranged
groups, deveoped n eary 1980s by the CIA's Vnce Cannstraro workng n tandem
wth Over North to deveop the pocy that was used to dvert attenton onto Lbya
n the Lockerbe bombng.
The CIA had estabshed a precedent for such poces more than forty years ago n
Itay and Greece, when the OSS ntervened n those countres' eectons by
supportng fascst coaborators who woud attack the popuaton and dsrupt
potca proceedngs. Through Operaton SHEEPSKIN, the CIA worked wth former
400
Naz coaborators n Greece to nsttute a campagn of back propaganda, terrorst
bombngs and other provocatons to be bamed on the Left, resutng n a fascst
coup and the murder and represson of thousands.
The CIA heped create a "Strategy of Tenson" n Itay through coaboraton wth
the Mafa, corrupt Itaan secret servces, and fascsts workng through Masonc
Mafa-nked socetes such as Lco Ge's Propaganda Due (P2 Lodge). Ge (AKA:
the "Puppet Master") had been frends wth fascsts such as Itaan Dctator Bento
Musson, Croata's Dr Pavc, and |uan Peron of Argentna, and had aso fought
wth the fascst Itaan Backshrt dvson durng the Spansh Cv War.
Ge's P2 and eements wthn the Vatcan (such as Father Kru|osav Dragonovc, a
Croatan Cathoc prest - one of many who had heped the CIA export Naz war
crmnas out of Germany through ts Rat Lnes), workng n con|uncton wth the
CIA, agned tsef wth crmnas, corrupt poce, and hgh government offcas to
dscredt the emergng .eft and stage a fascst coup. "The Vatcan's fear was cear:
Communsm posed a threat to ts regous, potca, and economc strength."
|1294|
On behaf of democracy, the Mafa ensted as ther agent Savatore Guano. He
and hs cousn Gaspere Pscotta ed ther men nto Portea dea Gnestra. Wthout
pre|udce, they shot and ked a dozen peope and wounded more than ffty others.
New eectons were hed, and the Chrstan Democratc party won a resoundng
vctory. Later, at the orders of the Mafa, Pscotta murdered Savatore Guano. At
hs tra, Gaspere Pscotta sad of the massacre, "We were a snge body: bandts,
poce, and Mafa, ke the Father, the Son, and the Hoy Ghost."
|1295|
P2 - essentay a Rght-wng parae government, was agned wth a super-secret
Itaan organzaton caed I Gado - set up n 1956 wth the hep of Brtsh
Integence and the CIA. Gado was part and parce of MI5 and the CIA's 1948
efforts to estabsh a European "Stay Behnd" network of guerra fghters who
woud conduct covert operatons after a Sovet nvason - usng arms and
exposves whch had been prevousy cached.
Ths network was conceved by the U.S. |ont Chefs of Staff, and organzed by the
NSC, whch set up the Offce of Pocy Co-ordnaton to run t, staffed and funded by
the CIA. Lke Operaton SHEEPSKIN, most of the so-caed "freedom fghters" t
recruted were tte more than fascst coaborators from WWII. And ke the Naz
organzaton ODESSA wth whch t often coaborated, ts tentaces extended
throughout Europe and Latn Amerca, and even the Unted States.
|1296|
Whe the man focus of Gado was to resst a potenta Sovet nvason, ts fascst
roots and voent hstory ndcate t has served many as a pocy nstrument to
resst internal subverson - through terrorst means. Ths goa was reveaed n a
brefng mnute of |une 1, 1959, whch stated Gado's concern wth "nterna
subverson" and t's determnaton to pay a roe n the "potcs of emergency."
Ths emergency woud come about durng the 1960s and 1970s wth the
401
emergence of the ant-Captast movement, and the shft from the Center to the
Left by the rung Chrstan Democratc Party.
|1297|
The covert ob|ectves of Gado were to spread panc and unrest through the
mpementaton of "terrorst outrages," and aso to drecty attack the Left n an
attempt to provoke them nto an armed response. The purpose of ths strategy was
to demonze the Left and soate them from popuar support, whe provdng an
excuse to curtan cv bertes. As a 1969 memo from Agnter Press, a fascst front
group, expaned:
Our beef s that the frst phase of potca actvty ought to be to create the
condtons favourng the nstaaton of chaos n a of the regme's structures. Ths
shoud necessary begn wth the undermnng of the state economy so as to arrve
at confuson throughout the whoe ega apparatus. Ths eads on to a stuaton of
strong potca tenson, fear n the word of ndustry and hostty towards the
government and the potca partes.. In our vew the frst move we shoud make
s to destroy the structure of the democratc state, under the cover of communst
and pro-Chnese actvtes. Moreover, we have peope who have nftrated these
groups and obvousy we w have to taor our actons to the ethos of the meu -
propaganda and acton of a sort whch w seem to have emanated from our
communst adversares and pressure brought to bear on peope n whom power s
nvested at every eve. That w create a feeng of hostty towards those who
threaten the peope of each and every naton, and at the same tme we must rase
up a defender of the ctzenry aganst the dsntegraton brought about by
terrorsm and subverson..
|1298|
Genera Gerardo Serravae, head of "Offce R" from 1971-1974 (the secret servce
offce that controed Gado), reveaed that at a Gado meetng n 1972, at east
haf of the upper echeons "had the dea of attackng the Communsts +efore an
nvason. They were preparng for cv war."
|1299|
As the 1969 dspatch added:
The ntroducton of provocateur eements nto the crces of the revoutonary eft s
merey a refecton of the wsh to push ths unstabe stuaton to breakng pont and
create a cmate of chaos.
|1300|
One eary Gado-precptated ncdent was the December, 12, 1969 bombng of the
Banca Nazonae de' Agrcutura n Man's Pazza Fontana. The attack ked 16
peope and wounded 88. Poce mmedaty arrested and bamed anarchsts. One
anarchst eader, Guseppe Pne, took the fa for the bombng, teray, when
poce tossed hm out the wndow of the oca precnct headquarters.
In addton to ths, the Procurator Genera of the Repubc, De Peppo, ordered the
one unexpoded bomb found n the wreckage to be detonated mmedatey. As n
Okahoma, the destructon of ths evdence destroyed the snge best chance at
uncoverng the true perpetrators of the deady attack.
|1301|
402
Nevertheess, poce eventuay dscovered the rea perpetrators - two fascsts:
Franco Freda and Govann Ventura. Ventura, t seems, was n cose contact wth
Coone Gudo Gannettnn of the SID (part of the secret servces), who was a
fervent supporter of MSI. The tra of Ventura and Freda was deayed for 12 years,
when they were fnay gven fe sentences, ony to be ceared on appea.
|1302||1303|
Former Gado agents aso attrbuted the 1969 Pazza Fontana bombng and the
1974 |and subsequent 1980| Boogna bombngs, whch resuted n over 113 deaths
and 185 n|ured, to P2. These attacks ncude the Mafa's nvovement n the Red
Brgade's kdnap and murder of Itaan Prme Mnster Ado Moro n 1978. The P2
organzaton was aso suspected of the 1976 assassnaton of Itaan magstrate
Vttora Occorso. Occorso was nvestgatng P2 nks to neo-Naz organzatons at
the tme. Hs death convenenty termnated any further nvestgaton.
|1304|
Ths "strategy of tenson," organzed around a bruta campagn of terror and
murder, resuted n the deaths of hundreds of peope durng the decades of the
1970s and '80s. The wave of terror ed to the severe restrcton of cv rghts, wth
the 1975 aw restrctng popuar campagnng and radca potca dscusson. Many
peope were ocked up under "ant-terrorst" egsaton (sound famar?) or
expeed from the country.
As the Left (the Red Brgades) resorted to armed strugge to defend themseves, t
ony strengthened Gado/P2's poston. The Red Brgades, whch had been
systematcay nftrated by the secret servces, were repeatedy bamed for the
attacks, a the whe unknowngy servng the agenda of the fascst P2
estabshment.
One unforgetabe exampe of ths wave of terror was the Boogna raway bombng
n 1980, that ked 80 peope and n|ured over 160. Whe reportedy
mastermnded by P2 members Stefano Dee Chae and Lco Ge, the attack was
bamed on the Red Brgades to dscredt the Itaan Communst party. Accordng to
author Steve Mzrach:
Some Itaan potca anaysts beeve that P2 and "Ordne Nuova" (New Order)
may have cooperated wth the CIA |to bomb the raway staton|.. There are
ceary overappng crces of membershp between P2, the CIA, and the Knghts of
Mata, a "soveregn mtary order descended from the Knghts of St. |ohn-
Hosptaers," and whose membershp n the U.S. has ncuded B Casey,
Aexander Hag, and Prescott Bush |and reportedy George Bush|.
|1305|
Ths coverty-orchestrated "strategy of tenson" woud repeat tsef n Begum n
the md-80s, n a bzarre seres of kngs caed the "Supermarket Massacres," n
whch hooded gunmen waked nto crowded supermarkets and began frng away.
The massacres, orchestrated by a group cang tsef the "Kers of Brabant," were
ater dscovered to be nked to Begum's Gado unt.
403
The Supermarket massacres occurred durng the perod when the U.S. was pushng
a pan to base the Euro-Msses (nucear-tpped Cruse msses) n dfferent
European countres. The pan ed to huge demonstratons n Europe, wth certan
countres threatenng to break ranks wth NATO. Begum was one of those
countres. The Began Parament, whch nvestgated the ncdents, fet that they
were another attempt to sow confuson and fear among the popuace, thereby
generatng pubc outcres for a aw-and-order government whch woud be
amenabe to the Euro-Msses.
|1306|
Proof surfaced when a former gendarme, Madan Bouhouche, who worked for state
securty and was a member of a neo-Naz paramtary group Westand New Post
(WNP), was arrested wth one of the murder weapons. The next day, Bouhouche's
frend and feow Rght-wng mtant |ean Butot fed to Paraguay (a popuar respte
for Nazs). Whe n Paraguay, Butot admtted to Began |ournast Ren Haqun
that the kngs were a state securty destabzaton operaton wth government
partcpaton "at every eve."
On |anuary 25, 1988, another former gendarme, Robert Beyer, who poce caught
wth a fe of state securty agents and addresses of garages fed wth stoen
arms, stated on Began teevson that state securty had provded the weapons
used by the kers.
|1307|
One of the attacks, the 1982 bombng of a Synagogue on the Rue de a Rgence n
Brusses, was nked to a securty guard for the Wackenhut Corporaton - Marce
Barber. An ardent ant-Semte and member of the WNP, Barber had been
guardng the synagogue when t was attacked. In August of 1993, poce
dscovered pans of the synagogue n Barber's home, wth detaed ponts of
access. The Began drector of Wackenhut at the tme was |ean-Francs Camette,
a member of the WNP.
|1308|
The parae to the European "Strategy of Tenson" s strkngy smar to the
Okahoma Cty bombng. The U.S. estabshment, whch has sought to demonze
the Patrot/Mta Movement n the aftermath of the attack, s foowng the exact
same path that Gado/P2 foowed a decade earer. Ther nks and assocatons to
P2 (whch w be detaed n Voume Two) make the parae a the more omnous.
In 1994, a car-bomb bew up a |ewsh communty center n Buenos Ares, kng 87
peope. Poce bamed the attack on unnamed Arab mtants. Yet n |uy of 1996,
Argentne authortes arrested 17 poce offcers n connecton wth the attack.
|1309|
On October 3, 1980 the Pars synagogue on rue Copernc was bombed, kng four
peope and n|urng 24 others. In meda reports suspcousy smar to the
Okahoma Cty bombng, t was announced that "Rght-wng" extremsts were
nvoved. Yet French ntegence ponted fngers at the Mossad. One French
Integence report stated:
404
On Apr 6, 1979, the same Mossad terror unt now suspected of the Coperncus
carnage bew up the heavy guarded pant of CNIM ndustres at La Seyne-sur-Mer,
near Touon, n southeast France, where a consortum of French frms was budng
a nucear reactor for Iraq.. The Mossad sated the ste of the CNIM bomb bast
wth 'cues' foowed up wth anonymous phone cas to poce - suggestng that
the sabotage was the work of a conservatve envronmentast group..
Two years ater, sx peope were ked and 22 n|ured when terrorsts attacked
Godenberger's De n Pars. Agan, "Rght-wng extremsts" were bamed.
Impcated n the attack was one |ean-Marc Rouan, eader of a mysterous Left-
wng group caed Drect Acton. Whe the rea facts were beng covered up by the
government, angry French ntegence offcers - some who had qut n dsgust -
decded to eak the story to the Ageran Natona News Servce. Rouan, t turns
out, had been operatng n the Medterranean under the cover name of "Sebas"
and had been nked to the Mossad.
|1310|
Iustratng the concept of traned kers who work on a "need-to-know" bass,
former Mossad Agent Ar Ben-Menashe descrbes how Abu Abbas aunched an
attack on the Greek Cruse shp Achille 3auro n 1985. Accordng to Ben-Menashe,
Raf Etan, the drector of 3akam, a super-secret agency n the Israe Mnstry of
Defense, gave orders to former |ordanan Army Coone Mohammed Rad Abduah,
who passed on nstructons to Abu' Abbas, eader of the Tuns-based PLF, who n
turn was recevng mons from Israe ntegence offcers posng as Scan dons.
Abbas' orders were to "make t ook bad," and to show what a deady, cutthroat
bunch the Paestnans were." The "terrorsts" comped by kng Leon Knghoffer,
an edery |ewsh man n a wheechar, then throwng hs body overboard. As Ben-
Menashe states, the entre operaton was nothng more than an "Israe 'back'
propaganda operaton."
|1311|
Nda began hs ong and boody career n the PLO, ony to become a btter rva of
Yasser Arafat. It was a stuaton that the Israe Mossad, n a manner smar to ther
CIA cousns, woud seek to expot. As Mdde East expert Patrck Seae wrtes:
Israe penetraton of Paestnan organzatons was common, but t was ceary not
the whoe story. Most ntegence sources I consuted agreed that t was standard
practce to use penetraton agents not smpy to neutraze or destroy the enemy
but to try to manpuate hm so that he dd one's bddng wthout aways beng
aware of dong so..
Whatever |obs |Abu Nda| mght have done for Arab sponsors, and they had been
numerous and nasty, he had done many other |obs from whch Israe aone
appeared to beneft."
|1312|
Confrmng Seae's theory are top Mdde East terrorsm experts, ncudng
ntegence offcers n Arab countres, and even wthn Abu Nda's own
organzaton. One French terrorsm expert stated: "If Abu Nda hmsef s not an
405
Israe agent, then two or three of hs senor peope most certany are. Nothng
ese can expan some of hs operatons."
A former senor |ordanan ntegence offcer sad: "Scratch around nsde Abu
Nda's organzaton and you w fnd Mossad."
Backng up these reports was a former member of Abu Nda's own |ustce
Commttee, who tod Seae that Mossad agents captured by Abu Nda were usuay
ked very qucky to prevent them from confessng ther true motves.
Abu Iyad, former chef of PLO Integence, added, "Every Paestnan who works n
ntegence s convnced that Israe has a bg hand n Abu Nda's affars."
|1313|
Nda's organzaton has been responsbe for some of the most bruta acts of
terrorsm n the word. Accordng to the State Department, Abu Nda has carred
out more than 100 acts or terrorsm that have resuted n the deaths of over 280
peope. Some of these attacks ncude the 1986 grenade and machne-gun assauts
on E A counters at the Rome and Venna arports, attacks on synagogues, and
assassnatons of Paestnan moderates.
He (Iyad) had tod me that Abu Nda's murderng Paestnan moderates was
connected wth |former Israe Prme Mnster| Begn's determnaton never to
negotate wth Paestnans for fear of osng the West Bank. For Begn (who had
once caed the Paestnans "two-egged anmas" worthy of extncton), the
moderates, who wanted to negotate, were the rea danger and had to be
emnated. If the Israes had n fact nftrated Abu Nda's organzaton, perhaps
some spymaster n |erusaem had sad, 'We've got someone who can do the |ob for
us.'
Abu Nda's most we-known attack was on a Greek cruse shp n 1988 that eft
nne peope dead and 80 wounded. As Seae ponts out regardng the attack on the
vesse !ity of )oros, "no concevabe Paestnan or Arab nterest was served by
such random savagery." In fact, Greece was the European country most
sympathetc to the Paestnan cause, ts prme mnster, Andreas Papandreou,
often defendng Arabs aganst Israe's charges of terrorsm. After the attack,
Greece was furous wth the Paestnans, who had damaged the Greek tourst
trade and hastened the fa of the Papandreou regme. The motve, as n the
Achille 3auro attack, was apparenty to cast the Paestnans as heartess
murderers. Severa sources that Seae consuted were convnced the attack was a
typca Mossad operaton.
|1314|
What s curous s that Israe has never punshed Abu Nda's organzaton. Israe
has a ong-standng pocy of aunchng mmedate and massve retaaton aganst
any terrorst attack. Whe Israe forces have bombed, sheed and raded
Paestnan and Sh'te postons n Lebanon, and have sent ht teams to k
Paestnan guerra eaders n other countres, they have never attacked Abu
406
Nda. Gven Israe's harsh and unreentng pocy of retrbuton aganst terrorst
attacks, ths seems more than a bt bzarre. As Seae concudes:
Abu Nda s a professona ker who has sod hs deady servces certany to the
Arabs and perhaps to the Israes as we. Hs genus has been to understand that
states w commt any crme n the name of natona nterest. A crmna ke Abu
Nda can foursh dong ther drty work.
|1315|
Former DEA agent Mke Levne descrbed how an organzaton caed the "Trange
of Death," founded by Nazs, woud bow up whoe panes to k one person. The
organzaton, based n Paraguay, ran heron and cocane, and commtted murders
for the French Secret Servce. "The qud pro quo agreement they had wth the CIA
and the French Secret Servce," sad Levne, "s that you protect us and we' do
you favors. And they dd, and they got ther protecton.
|1316|
One of the most recent exampes of the use of "fase fags" (scapegoats) was the
November 4, 1995 assassnaton of Israe Prme Mnster Ytzhak Rabn. In a cassc
case of potca demonzng strkngy smar to the Okahoma Cty bombng, the
gunman, Yga Amr, was hed out to be a "Rght-wng fanatc." As Wam |asper
wrtes:
The aeged gunman, Yga Amr, was sad to be a "fanatc |ewsh fundamentast."
What's more, we were tod repeatedy, he was part of a conspracy of "regous
extremsts" - a conspracy so nefarous and mmense, mnd you, that t had
acheved meteoroogca sgnfcance, creatng a "cmate of hate" and an
"atmosphere of voence." Accordng to Time magazne, Rabn's opponents had
created cmatoogcay "the equvaent of the Rght-wng meu that ed to the
Okahoma Cty bombng." In fact, sad Time, even f Amr had acted aone, "he had
many deatona consprators."
|1317|
But unke the massve cover-up obsfucatng the Okahoma Cty bombng, t ddn't
take ong for nvestgators to dscover that Amr was actuay a pad nformant for
the Israe securty servce, the Shabak. Amr had been nexpcaby aowed
through Rabn's protectve securty permeter, and hs suspected accompce -
eader of the Rght-wng extremst group Eya, Avsha Ravv, turned out to be a
Shn Bet operatve (Genera Securty Servce, the Israe equvaent to the FBI).
Rabn's controversa peace taks wth the Paestnans - whch woud have
sacrfced sgnfcant amounts of and and compromsed Israe's securty - had
made hm hghy unpopuar wth Rght-wng eements, ncudng tradtona |ews
and many mtary offcas. In fact, Hamas sucde bombers were wreckng havoc
wth Israe's popuaton. A wrter n the Jerusalem )ost wrote: "If Yzhak Rabn were
ave .... he woud probaby have been asked to resgn."
The rony was that the Shn Bet was controed by Rabn hmsef, who had
personay seected ts head, and served as ts supreme chef. In a pocy
suspcousy smar to the Okahoma Cty stuaton, nstead of empoyng the Shn
407
Bet to protect Israes from Arab terrorsts - ts prmary task - Rabn empoyed
them to nftrate and smear hs Rght-wng opponents. Potczng the Shn Bet for
hs own purposes, Rabn began orchestratng an Israe verson of COINTELPRO (the
FBI's program of nftratng and compromsng the ant-war and New Left
movements of the 1960s and '70s, and whch s gong on today aganst the
mtas). Ths ncuded settng up phony Rght-wng mtant groups such as Ravv's
Eya.
As Rabn's popuarty ratngs dropped to a mere 32 percent, he escaated hs drty-
trcks campagn, usng agents provocateur to attack and smear the Prme Mnster,
who woud then pubcy crtcze them for pannng pubc dsorder. Ravv's |ob was
to dstrbute fervd "ant-government terature" whch contrbuted to the "cmate
of hate" that aegedy motvated Amr. The cou* de etat n ths covert campagn
woud come n the form of a phony assassnaton attempt on Rabn hmsef. The
Shn Bet woud fo the gunman at the ast moment, and a the word woud see
frst-hand evdence of the crazy Rght-wng consprators.
Yet, ke the dsastrous stng attempt n Okahoma Cty, ths covert operaton went
horrby wrong. When Amr reazed that hs mentor, Ravv, was a Shn Bet
operatve, he cevery fed hm fase nformaton. Certan that the boastfu and
takatve Amr woud nform hs trusted mentor of the moment of hs attack (as the
FBI assumed wth Emad Saem n the Word Trade Center bombng), the Shn Bet
dropped ther guard, and Rabn pad the prce for hs mendacty.
At east that s what s obvous. What s not obvous s why the Shn Bet, who not
ony controed Ravv but had ampe notce of the threat on the Prme Mnster's
fe, faed to prevent the assassnaton. As authors Ur Dan and Denns Esenberg
note: "No human shed was formed around Rabn, surveance of the crowd was
ax, Rabn wasn't wearng a buet-proof vest, and an |apparenty| unknown 25-
year-od was abe to gan unobstructed access to Rabn."
|1318|
The paraes to the
Okahoma Cty bombng are a too famar.
Naturay, Prme Mnster Shmon Peres, ke hs counterpart, Presdent Cnton n
regards to Okahoma, woud promote the dea that Rabn was ked by a par of
dsgrunted "Rght-wngers. And ke hs Amercan counterpart, Peres promsed to
crack down on "potca dssent."
|1319|
On hs August 19, 1995 rado address, Presdent Cnton companed that Congress
st had not passed "hs" Ant-Terrorsm B. "It's hard to magne what more must
happen to convnce Congress to pass that b," Cnton warned, n the manner of
an omnousy veed threat.
Then |ust two months ater, on October 9, the naton wtnessed ts frst attack on a
passenger tran, when Amtrak's "Sunset Lmted" was deraed whe enroute from
Phoenx to San Dego. The derament, caused by sabotage, resuted n over 100
n|ures, ncudng one death.
408
The terrorsts eft behnd a cryptc note, cang themseves the "Sons of the
Gestapo." The manstream press qucky |umped on ths atest "terrorst" attack,
comng as t dd ony sx months after the Okahoma Cty bombng. Whe no one,
ncudng aw-enforcement offcas, had ever heard of the "Sons of the Gestapo,"
the purveyors of decepton mmedatey payed t up as the obvous work of a
"Rght-wng" mta group.
FBI offcas were more cautous however, specuatng that the attack may have
been the resut of a "dsgrunted empoyee." Exhaustve searches through
numerous data-bases reveaed no group caed "Sons of the Gestapo," and ony
someone wth the technca knowedge necessary to dsabe a warnng system on a
raroad track woud be capabe of executng such a stunt.
It may not have mattered however. In the aftermath of the Okahoma Cty
bombng, any such attack on Amercan ctzens woud be excuse enough to push
the Ant-Terrorsm B through Congress. And the press and ant-mta actvsts
such as the ADL and the SPLC were eager to |ump on the mta connecton. "Sons
of the Gestapo," they asserted, coud ony be the pseudonym for a Rght-wng
hate-group.
Yet aw-enforcement offcas had ony an engmatc message to gude them. The
note eft behnd by the saboteurs raed aganst the ATF and FBI for ther actons at
Waco and Ruby Rdge, and stated, "Ths s not Naz Germany."
Why anyone woud attack a passenger tran to exact revenge on government
offcas for kng nnocent cvans (or bow up babes as revenge for kng
chdren) s beyond creduty. Yet, as n the Okahoma Cty case, ths was the
message that the saboteurs - and the government-controed press - wanted us
to beeve. Amerca was fed wth hatefu Rght-wng extremsts who woud do
anythng - k anyone, women, chdren, babes - to pursue ther voent ant-
government agenda.
As Attorney Genera |anet Reno announced n the Okahoma Cty case, so the oca
U.S. Attorney, |anet Napotano woud decare: "We are gong to pursue every bt of
evdence and every ead very thoroughy. unt we fnd the person or persons who
commtted ths crme."
|1320|
Whe the FBI swarmed through Marcopa County, nterrogatng oca resdents and
harassng the few soated "desert rats" who nhabted the surroundng
countrysde, a real nvestgaton was beng conducted by a one Marcopa County
Sherff. Wth the assstance of Crag Roberts, a retred Tusa poce offcer wth
mtary ntegence experence who worked on the Okahoma Cty nvestgaton,
the Sherff was abe to uncover some amazng nformaton.
What they found was that other than rescue vehces, there were no vehce tracks
enterng or extng the crash ste. Moreover, the ste tsef was extremey remote,
beng near the summt of the rugged Ga Bend Mountans, whch surrounded the
409
ste to the east, north, and west. It was there, aong a sharp S-curve, that the
perpetrators had pued 29 spkes from the tracks, causng the fata crash.
Why had the perpetrators chosen such a remote ocaton, Roberts wondered? Had
they pcked a more accessbe spot, he reasoned, t woud have surey essened
ther chances of beng caught, as a they woud have had to do was drve to the
nearest hghway. In ths case, the nearest road was Hghway 8, 38 mes away,
necesstatng a dffcut drve over rugged terran, at the same tme as aw-
enforcement offcers woud surey be on a heghtened state of aert.
What Roberts and hs sherff partner aso dscovered was that 90 mnutes away by
ar, n Pna County, was a mysterous ar-base known as Marana. The ocked-down
facty was owned by Evergreen, Inc., a government contractor reportedy nvoved
n drug smuggng durng the Iran-Contra perod. The base, ocated off of Hghway
10 between Phoenx and Tucson, was the ste of strange nght-tme tranng
maneuvers nvovng back and unmarked mtary-type hecopters. Passersby had
aso wtnessed back-cad troops droppng nto the desert en mass, usng steerabe
back "Paracommander" parachutes.
Ths began to rase some nterestng possbtes. Had the perpetrators been
dropped nto the ste by ar, then pcked up by chopper? Both Roberts and hs
coeague at the Sherff's Department were experenced mtary pots. They
observed that t woud have been easy for a hecopter to fy ow through the
mountan passes, avodng radar, and nsert and extract a team. As Roberts noted,
"A fu moon, wnd out of the south at 8 knots, and a cear sky. woud be an dea
nght for ar operatons."
|1321|
The possbtes of a covert paramtary commando team beng responsbe for the
attack rased more than a few eyebrows at the Marcopa County Sherff's
Department, unt they began nvestgatng a ead provded by a sympathetc FBI
agent that severa hkers had seen a sma group of parachuters drop nto the
desert that nght. They aso dscovered the foowng nformaton:
.a VFR target squawkng 1200 that eft Tr-Cty arfed n Abuquerque on a
southwest course, cmbed to 10,500 feet, then, when t was exacty due east of
the Amtrak ste, turn due west and few a course ne that took t one me south of
the ste. But |ust before arrvng over the ste, t dropped to 8,500 feet. After
crossng the target zone, t turned on a southwestery course towards Caforna at
8,500 feet. Abuquerque contacted the Los Angees Center whch tracked the
arcraft to a andng at Montgomery Fed n San Dego.. It crossed the vaey
south of the brdge at 1940 hours (7:40 p.m.)
Snce the wnds that nght were at 8 knots out of the south, a drop one me from
the target ste woud compensate for wnd drft. Moreover, such a fght s not
requred to fe a fght pan stng ts passengers, and an arcraft fyng out of
Abuquerque, squawkng on transponder 1200 woudn't ook partcuary
suspcous.
410
When they checked wth the refueer at Montgomery Fed, the records ndcated
that the "N" number checked to a Beachcraft, regstered to Raytheon. Raytheon
owns E-systems. Lke Evergreen, E-Systems, based n Greenve, Texas, s a covert
government contractor, reportedy nvoved n drug-runnng. The NSA contractor
aegedy deveoped sophstcated systems to create eectronc "hoes" whch
woud aow panes to cross the border wthout trppng the NORAD Eary Warnng
Systems. E-Systems, whch s reputed to have "wet-teams" (assassnaton teams),
was drected by former NSA Drector and CIA Deputy Drector Bobby Ray Inman.
Whe t s possbe a |ump was made from the twn-engne Beechcraft, a pane
commony used for such purposes, t st eft the probem of the team's extracton.
Wth the radar track nformaton, the Marcopa Sherff then went to the Ar Force at
Yuma, who montor the Aerostat radar drug baoons. The DEA baoons have "ook-
down" capabty for detectng ow-fyng arcraft. The Master Sergeant at Yuma
agreed to hep out. A short tme ater he caed back.
"Sorry," he sad. "We can't hep you out."
"What? Why?" asked |ack.
"The pug's been pued."
"What does that mean?"
The sergeant sounded very uncomfortabe when he reped. "We reay wanted to
check ths out, but a I can say s the baoons were down that nght."
"Why?" asked |ack.
"Mantenance."
"A of them?" asked |ack, ncreduousy.
"Yes, sr." The sergeant sounded very nervous.
"Why?"
"A I can te you s that they were ordered down for mantenance. It came from
above my pay grade."
One has to wonder what "above my pay grade" means. Why woud all the baoons
be ordered down for mantenance? Obvousy, a cover-up was n progress.
It was begnnng to sound suspcousy ke the hurred demoton of the Okahoma
Federa Budng, to prevent any ndependent forensc anayss of the bomb ste. Or
the Secret Servce removng Presdent Kennedy's protectve bubbe from hs
411
mousne; fang to secure the wndows and rooftops aong the parade route; and
changng the route at the ast mnute.
Lke the two foregong exampes, ony the government - or shadow eements
wthn the government - had the capabty of pung that off. No "one nut" or
crmna syndcate coud order such ast-mnute changes, or orchestrate such a
massve and we-executed cover-up. Moreover, no mta group coud order a the
radar baoons down on the nght of the attack.
As a Marcopa County resdent stated to the Ari-ona Re*u+lic regardng the FBI's
so-caed mta theory, "Buddy, you can't get three peope out here to get
together on what knd of pckup to drve, and you thnk we're gong to form a
mta?"
Obvousy, no mta woud beneft from such an attack. And what about the "Sons
of the Gestapo?" As Roberts wrote: ".as an od Southeast Asa hand (a marne
snper durng Vetnam), I remember that one of the terms used by Phoenx
Program assassns workng under MACV-SOG (Mtary Advsory Command, Studes
and Observatons Group) was a twsted bar-room verson of the ast acronym.
"Yeah," a drunk trooper woud menton. "I'm SOG. a son of the Gestapo."
|1322|
The Phoenx assassnaton program, as prevousy dscussed, was organzed by the
CIA's Wam Coby, Ted Shackey, and feded by Genera |ohn Sngaub. Sngaub
commanded Second Leutenant Over North. Shackey, Sngaub, and North woud
go on to orchestrate the secret and ega Iran-Contra operaton, smuggng drugs
nto ths country at such paces as Mena, Arkansas. and Marana.
|1323|
Curousy, whenever Iran-Contra drug shpments came n for the Caforna run, the
drug baoons under "Operaton Watchtower" were shut down. Coud ths be the
same mechansm that shut them down the nght of the attack?
Then, n September of 1997, a confdenta FBI memo ntended for the U.S.
Attorney's Offce n Phoenx was accdentay faxed to the Ari-ona Re*u+lic, the
Assocated Press, and other news meda. The memo states that the FBI's prme
suspect s "a man wth aw enforcement and frefghtng experence who recenty
moved out of Arzona."
|1324|
Apparenty, the "Sons of the Gestapo" note eft behnd was a "fase fag," a
dstracton desgned to serve a potca purpose. In ths case, that purpose - ke
the Okahoma bombng whch preceded t - was to connect the Amtrak attack
wth the Patrot/Mta movement. Consderng the reacton of the manstream
press, t appears they have argey succeeded.
Interestngy, the same year as the Okahoma Cty bombng, a grenade expoded
near the Ctbank budng n Mana. Another ht the She Petroeum budng. Four
peope were n|ured. The mtary camed the basts were potca statements from
the eftst Aex Boncayao Brgade (ABB).
|1325|
Yet fve Phppne Congressmen
412
accused the mtary of carryng out the attack to |ustfy the passage of ant-
terrorsm egsaton.
The strongest accusaton came from Makat Congressman |oker Arroyo, who sad
the bombngs coud not have been staged by the nsurrectonary group, the Aex
Boncayao Brgade or bank robbers.
"I don't thnk t s the ABB nor a bank robbery group as what the poce
nvestgators sad. Ony the mtary has the capabty of usng grenade aunchers,"
Arroyo commented.
|1326|
The U.S. certany had ts own share of manufactured ncdents, rangng from the
snkng of the 3ustitania to the Guf of Tonkn ncdent. Yet n the recent annas of
CIA-connected provocatons, probaby no better exampe exsts than the 1985
bombng of the La Bee Dscotheque. The Apr 5th attack n Bern ked two U.S.
servcemen and a Turksh woman, and eft 200 others n|ured, ncudng 50 G.I.s.
Lyba was qucky bamed by the U.S. for the attack. Propagandzed by the
Amercan press as the preemnent sponsor of terrorsm, Lyba had eary on
ncurred the wrath of the U.S. by attemptng to throw off the yoke of Brtsh and
U.S. mperasm. Lbyan Presdent Muammar a-Oaddaf, who came to power n
1969, natonazed o producton and shut down U.S. mtary bases. Oaddaf began
usng the weath formery exported to mutnatona corporatons to mprove the
vng standards of hs own peope. Huge strdes were made n educaton, housng,
medcne and agrcuture n a county n whch the teracy rate had ncreased
tenfod snce 1969. Whe actuay havng the ga to defer to hs own peope
nstead of the mutnatonas, Oaddaf made the mstake of supportng natona
beraton and soca |ustce movements - assstng such groups as the
Sandnstas, the Basques, the Kurds, and the Paestnans.
|1327|
Ths, unfortunatey,
aso ncuded such terrorsts as Abu Nda.
In 1980, Ronad Reagan came to power on a pedge to restore U.S. mtary mght
and prestge around the word (and aso by makng a dea wth the Iranans to hod
the hostages unt after hs eecton. Ths tte scanda was known as "October
Surprse.").
He had aso pedged to combat terrorsm (apparenty, terrorsm sponsored +y
Reagan n Ncaragua and E Savador was exempt from such a pedge), and on the
top of hs ht-st was Lbya. One of Reagan's frst acts was to order the CIA to
destabze, overthrow, and assassnate Oaddaf. The attempts not ony faed, but
resuted n a covert batte of nerves and dead bodes scattered across Europe.
After Abu Nda's attacks on the Rome and Venna arports n December of 1986,
Reagan mposed sanctons and asset freezes on Lbya.
|1328|
St ths was not
enough for the man who had pedged to vanqush terrorsm from the face of the
earth (or at east certan parts of t).
413
Angry over the recent terrorst bombngs, frustrated by the CIA's faure to
emnate Oaddaf, and st smartng from Israe rumors of a Lbyan ht-squad sent
to assassnate hm, the Presdent opted for a mtary-stye assaut. A the Whte
House needed was an excuse, and ths came n the form of an attack on the La
Bee Dscotheque. Nne days ater, Reagan ordered U.S. panes to attack the
Lbyan ctes of Trpo and Benghaz, whch resuted n over 37 dead, ncudng
Oaddaf's nfant daughter. Unfortunatey for Reagan, Oaddaf survved the attack.
|1329|
But had Lyba actuay bombed the dsco? The Whte House was adamant. The
Natona Securty Agency (NSA) had ntercepted coded exchanges between Trpo
and the East Bern Lbyan Peopes Bureau that purportedy sad, "We have
somethng that w make you happy." A second cabe, hours after the bombng
read, "An event occurred. You w be peased wth the resut."
|1330|
What s
nterestng s that under orders from the NSC, the raw coded ntercepts were sent
straght to the Whte House, bypassng norma NSA anayss channes, drawng
crtcsm from at east one NSA offcer. A West German ntegence offca who
ater saw the cabes, sad they were "very crtca and skeptca" of U.S. ntegence
bamng the Lbyans.
|1331|
The U.S.'s evdence hnged on reports n Stassi (East German poce) fes passed
on to West German offcas. The Stass reports, based on three separate
nformants, ndcated the attack was panned by the Popuar Front for the
Lberaton of Paestne-Genera Command (PFLP-GC), whch had met n Trpo a
month earer. A member of that group, vng n Bern, Youddeff Chrad (code-
named "Nur"), had carred out the attack.
Yet the "Lbya dd t" theory qucky fe apart durng the tra of Imad Mahmoud,
another member of Nur's group (Nur coud not be found), as the Stass
nformants' contradctons and nconsstences cast doubts on the case. Moreover,
one nformant, Mahmoud Abu-|abber (code named "Faysa") was, accordng to KGB
fes, a CIA nformer. One KGB report ndcated that Faysa had met wth hs CIA
contact two days pror to the attack, and tod them the prce of the bombng woud
be $30,000, and not $80,000 as prevousy agreed.
|1332|
Stass defector Coone Frank Wegand, based on a PLO Securty Report, concuded
that Nur was an agent for the West German poce. Other evdence whch seemed
to back ths up was that whe Nur was wanted for the murder of a Lbyan CIA
nformer, he managed to repeatedy cross Checkpont Chare (the East-West Bern
border crossng), one of the most tghty-guarded border crossngs n the word.
When German authortes fnay ocated Nur n Lebanon n 1994, U.S. offcas
faed to provde the evdence needed to extradte hm, despte repeated peas by
West German offcas.
|1333|
Utmatey, West German offcas concuded that the CIA was responsbe for the
bombng.
414
Wegand recaed one phone conversaton ntercept where a hgh-rankng West
German ntegence offcer spoke wth the Bern offca responsbe for the La
Bee nvestgaton. Accordng to Wegand, the nvestgator, when pressed for hs
concuson, tod the West German spook, "We, when I add t a up, I thnk the
Yanks dd ths thng themseves."
|1334|
Wegand aso cted a PLO Securty Report ndcatng that the U.S. knew n advance
of the ate March bombng of the German-Arab Socety. The mpcatons of ths,
ke those of the Okahoma Cty attack, were that authortes knew about the
bombng beforehand, and faed to stop t. Whe Nur may have utmatey been
responsbe for the bombng, the queston of who he was workng for hung over the
case ke a dark coud. As Wegand sad. "I never coud get |the CIA thess| off the
tabe, and you know, the one theory does not excude the other."
A smar government-orchestrated outrage-ncdent was the Octopus' 1985 pot to
bomb the Amercan embassy and presdenta offces n Costa Rca as a pretext for
a fu-scae U.S. nvason of Ncaragua. The pan was an offshoot of Operaton
Pegasus, the CIA's program of potca assassnatons, smar to the Phoenx
Program.
The conspracy was akn to the many Amercan-engneered provocatons of the
past. The U.S. - through the skuduggery of the CIA - woud bomb ther own
embassy, cevery bamng t on the Sandnstas.
Cvan Mtary Assstance (CMA) eader Tom Posey and hs band of mercenares -
Steven Carr, Robert Thompson, Rene Corvo, and Costa Rcan-Amercan and-
owners |ohn Hu and Bruce |ones - arranged for a patrotc Cuban-Amercan, |esus
Garca, to take part n the pot. Accordng to Lese Cockburn (Out of !ontrol )
Posey showed Garca the bueprnts of the embassy. "They came to me wth a pan
to ht the Amercan embassy n Costa Rca," recas Garca. "They had an dea ths
woud start a war between Ncaragua and the Unted States."
In addton to bombng the embassy, they were to "take out" the Amercan
ambassador, Lews Tambs, a voca opponent of the Coomban/Contra cocane
trade, and coect the $1 mon reward that the Ochoa can had paced on hs
head. The CIA-ed group, whch had been fundng ther covert operatons through
arms and drug traffckng, woud sove the probem of an Amercan offca who had
dared nterfere wth ther proftabe busness, whe at the same tme, servng the
ofty goas of U.S. foregn pocy.
|1335|
Accordng to CMA mercenary |ack Terre, the pan was to pace C-4 n a ght-box
outsde the embassy and detonate t. When Tambs ran outsde, he woud be shot.
A Ncaraguan woud then be ked and fake documents paced on hs person to
ncrmnate the Sandnstas.
|1336|
Whe Garca refused to partcpate n the pot, he recaed, "The embassy pan was
bessed from the Whte House. There were too many bg peope nvoved n ths. In
415
order to ht a U.S. embassy even us Cubans who are here n Mam woud normay
out of courtesy notfy the CIA."
Consderng the payers nvoved, t appeared that the CIA knew fuy we of the
pot, as t drew members from Brgade 2506, Ted Shackey's od |M/WAVE ant-
Castro Cuban mercenary group.
|1337|
A second pot desgned to draw the U.S. nto the war nvoved the bombng of Los
Ches, a sma town aong the border of Costa Rca. The pan was to use a pane
panted to ook ke a Sandnsta craft to drop bombs on the unarmed townspeope.
Terre descrbed t as a "contnuous undercurrent of. reay terrorst actvty to try
to draw the Unted States Government nto drect confct wth the Ncaraguans
because they were to be made to ook ke they were commttng overt acts
aganst a neutra and unarmed country, Costa Rca."
|1338|
Garca ater earned that another ht was panned, ths tme on the Cuban and
Sovet embasses n Ncaragua. The pan was proposed to Garca by Ma|or Aan
Saum, a confederate of Posey's and Genera Vernon Waters, U.S. ambassador to
the UN and former Deputy Drector of the CIA. As Garca ater testfed n court,
"Saum had come from the Whte House." Saum tod Garca the pan was "Vce-
Presdent Bush's baby."
Whe nether pot was carred out, the Octopus dd manage to successfuy murder
eght peope, mosty reporters, at La Penca, Costa Rca on May 30, 1984. The
target was Eden Pastora, a Contra eader who wasn't gong aong wth the pan,
and was about to announce hs msgvngs at a press conference. CIA Deputy
Drector Dewy Carrdge had recenty reayed a message to Pastora through
Afonso Robeo (who had prevousy met wth Bud McFarane at the Whte House)
that hs story woud be "stopped" f he dd not acquesce.
|1339|
The bombng was carred out by Amac Ga, who posed as a photographer,
carryng a bomb nsde a camera case. CIA "ht-man" Fepe Vda tod Terre that
Ga was a Mossad agent. He aegedy receved hs exposves tranng from |ohn
Harper, and hs C-4 courtesy of |ohn Hu. Vda aso tod Terre, ".we put a bomb
under hm and t ddn't work because of bad tmng."
As Terre ater stated: ".f anythng happens to these peope, whether they were
carryng out drecty or ndrecty any pan of our government, t's easy to be at
arm's ength and have ths great bg beautfu denabty factor."
|1340|
Naturay, the Washin%ton )ost and New 'ork Times bamed the bombng on the
Sandnstas.
|1341||1342|
Yet Garca knew better. "There are peope here who are above the Consttuton,"
recaed Garca. "I ddn't know the federa system was ke ths. I never
dreamed."
|1343|
416
Garca was eventuay set up by Saum on a federa gun charge, he fgured, ether
because he refused to go aong wth the frst pot, or smpy because of hs
knowedge of t.
|1344|
|ohn Mattes, Garca's defense awyer, whe nvestgatng Garca's story, began
uncoverng North and Casey's twsted web of gun and drug smuggng. Whe
Mattes was eager to present the evdence n court, he never got the chance. The
"|ustce" Department, whch ntay started a probe, suddeny swtched tracks.
They "weren't nterested" n gong any further wth t, Mattes sad. He and hs
nvestgator were ater caed nto the U.S. Attorney's offce n Mam and tod, "Get
out. You're out. Stay out. You've crossed the ne. You've gone too far." (The U.S.
Attorney threatened the pubc defender wth "obstructng |ustce.")
|1345|
Durng testmony, Saum admtted that he had operated "under orders" to brng
about Garca's arrest. Saum's wfe tod Cockburn that he was workng for the CIA.
Terre woud eventuay express hs msgvngs to the press. As he wrtes n
"is*osa+le )atriot7
Durng an operaton, the gravty of what you are dong s obscured by the
determnaton to do whatever t s you have been programmed to do. If you whack
a bunch of peope, bow up cars or hotes, or murder chdren, t doesn't make any
dfference. Somethng n your character sets you apart from norma peope, and
once t's traned and propagandzed to where you start beevng what peope are
teng you, you ose your sense of rght and wrong, and n some cases, your sense
of moraty. In the end, when the ve of perceved sancton s fted and you no
onger have the protecton of the nvsbe barrer that |ustfes a your actons,
then those unspeakabe acts commtted n the name of freedom and democracy,
come back n a more ob|ectve retrospect. Fnay, you understand the mpact. You
say to yoursef, dd I do that? Usuay, you dd.
|1346|
Former CIA offcer Vctor Marchett dscovered ths unfortunate truth ong ago. As
Marchett wrtes n The !(A and the !ult of (ntelli%ence7
The "candestne mentaty" s a mnd-set that thrves on secrecy and decepton. It
encourages professona amoraty - the beef that rghteous goas can be
acheved through the use of unprncped and normay unacceptabe means. Thus,
the cut's eaders must tenacousy guard ther offca actons from pubc vew. To
do otherwse woud restrct ther abty to act ndependenty; t woud permt the
Amercan peope to pass |udgment on not ony the utty of ther poces, but the
ethcs of those poces as we..
Fnay, there was the batanty unnhbted statement of former OSS Coone
George Whte, one of the orgna founders of the CIA:
417
"I toed whoeheartedy n the vneyards because t was fun, fun, fun. Where ese
coud a red-booded Amercan boy e, k, cheat, rape and page wth the
bessngs of a the hghest?"
|1347|
Ten years ater the Octopus woud demonstrate smar ethcs by bombng the
Federa Budng n Okahoma, takng out two potenta whste-bowers n the
process - Secret Servce agents Aan Whcher and Mckey Maroney, whe bamng
t on Tmothy |ames McVegh - a "dsposabe patrot."
Were Whcher and Maroney - ke Gannon and McKee - a "strong secondary
target?" As HUD empoyee |ane Graham sad, "Maybe there was a stng wthn a
stng. to emnate agents who knew too much."
Whcher formery served on the Whte House deta, and was reportedy nvoved n
a tte-known ncdent nvovng eectronc buggng of the Whte House by the
|apanese. Whcher was subsequenty transferred to the Federa Budng n
Okahoma Cty.
|1348|
It was aso rumored that the Secret Servce agent had taked to hs wfe |ust
mnutes before the bast, teng her that he had to get off the phone because he
was tod to wat for an mportant ca. Apparenty. that ca never came.
Maroney served on Cnton's presdenta campagn and transton deta, and tod
frend and bombng survvor V.Z. Lawton about some of the many Cnton-reated
mpropretes he wtnessed.

Maroney, descrbed by Lawton as a "Chrstan person"
and a "super guy," sad that the Cnton's were "two of the most fou-mouthed.
ow-fes" he had ever been around. In one humorous ncdent, he recaed how
Hary threw an ashtray at B, ony to mss and have t strke a Secret Servce
Agent (who no doubt courageousy threw hmsef between the Presdent and the
deady ashtray). One has to wonder however f Maroney wtnessed more than |ust
obscene word pay.
|1349||1350|
Yet perhaps most nterestngy, t was rumored that one of the charges that
destroyed the Murrah Budng was beneath the Secret Servce offce. Ths
possbty became a the more apparent when The "aily Oklahoman recenty
reported that a warnng ca was paced to an answerng servce severa days
before the bombng, camng that an exposve charge was *laced inside the
Secret Serice office7
.Vance DeWoody, owner of Opa's Answerng Servce, and hs empoyee, Pat
Houser. receved an anonymous teephone ca sayng that a bomb was gong to
go off n the offce of the U.S. Secret Servce on the nnth foor of the Murrah
Budng..
|1351|
Opa's Answerng Servce. has a contract wth the Secret Servce.
418
It seems the deaths of Whcher and Maroney can be added to the growng st of
approxmatey 40 vctms nvoved wth or knowedgeabe of Cnton's fnanca,
extra-marta, and drug-reated actvtes at Mena, Arkansas who have met voent
and untmey deaths.
The murders of Whcher and Maroney aso have omnous paraes to the deaths of
Ma|or Chares McKee and Agent Matthew Gannon aboard Pan Am fght 103.
Descrbng how an organzaton mght bow up an arpane or a budng to k one
or two peope, former DEA Agent Mke Levne says: "Once you arrange a death,
once you empoy one of these organzatons that do ths sort of thng, t's out of
your contro."
|1352|
The deaths of Whcher and Maroney aso meant two ess wtnesses to testfy about
the Octopus' drug-runnng and reated sku-duggery.
Whe scratchng that tch, the Octopus managed to remove senstve fes,
concevaby mpcatng t n ts ega and murderous actvtes.
Fnay, wth the destructon of the Okahoma Cty Federa Budng, the Federa
Government coud pont to a new "terrorst threat" n our mdst, whe effectvey
hatng potca dssent, and successfuy argung for a whoe new spate of aws
and reguatons that threaten to do away wth what tte freedoms Amercans have
eft.
1:
.et Them Eat O1<1
|.All men will see what you seem to +eL only a few will know what you
are/ and those few will not dare to o**ose the many who hae the
ma>esty of the state on their side to defend them0.
K Niccolo Machiaelli/ :DEB A0".|
McVegh s sentenced to death. We are a saved.
Anyone who beeves ths s bran dead and deserves the
consequences. Les beget new es. Crmes beget new crmes. Murder
begets new murder. Nothng has changed n peope's thnkng n fve
thousand years. If there s a bood sacrfce for the gods, a s we. The
rue of rtua bood sacrfce s suppantng the rue of aw, due process
and consttutona rghts under the rubrc of "vctms' rghts." The
419
regresson to soca barbarsm s matched by ndvdua regresson to
nfante magca thnkng and The Lord of the Fes s the utmate
destnaton.
|1353|
On |une 2, 1997, Tmothy McVegh was convcted of a 11 counts n the federa
ndctment: eght counts of murderng federa agents, and one count each of
possessng a weapon of mass destructon; of consprng to use a weapon of mass
destructon; and of destroyng federa property wth a weapon of mass destructon.
The sentence was death by etha n|ecton.
In the tra, whch was haed as "brant," "textbook," and "cose to perfect" by
government ega pundts, prosecutors presented argey crcumstanta evdence
combned wth emotona taes from bombng vctms, and won mmedate
convctons.
In the ast murder "tra of the century," prosecutors dspayed an mpressve array
of hard, sod evdence aganst former footba star O.|. Smpson and were met wth
acqutta.
|1354|
Federa prosecutors ntroduced no wtnesses who coud have paced McVegh n
Okahoma Cty on Apr 19. because McVegh was aways seen n the company of
other suspects - a can of worms the government, and the defense, coud not
afford to open. Yet whe prosecutors nterspersed reatvey crcumstanta
evdence wth heart-wrenchng and competey rreevant taes from tearfu
bombng vctms, the defense wasn't aowed to present any expert wtnesses
debunkng the government's "snge bomb" theory, or any evdence nkng other
suspects to the crme!
Fnay, |ust one month before the start of McVegh's tra, the "allas Mornin% News
"eaked" aeged documentaton that McVegh had "admtted" to a defense team
member Rchard Reyna that he aone drove the Ryder truck to the Afred P. Murrah
Budng (hardy a credbe assertaton at ths pont). Lke the startng reveatons
of McVegh's racng fue purchases a year and-a-haf after the fact, ths we-tmed
ruse was engneered to resusctate the government's rapdy deteroratng case.
Whe |ones' superby crafted and hghy reveang Wrt of Mandamus barey
regstered a bp on the offca radar screen of the manstream press, McVegh's
hghy dubous "confesson" became the mmedate focus of tabod attenton.
In documents recenty dscovered by the National ,lo+e, t was earned that Lee
Harvey Oswad made a "confesson" to Daas Poce on November 22, n whch he
states that he, a) Acted aone; b) Had no tes wth any mob or ntegence
organzatons; and c) Was mad at the Presdent and wanted to make a potca
statement.
"That shoud put ths controversy to rest for a tme," sad former presdent and
Warren Commsson member Gerad Ford.
Lee Harvey Oswad ddn't ve to te the truth. Tmothy McVegh chose not to speak
t. Yet, as Stephen |ones noted, f McVegh des, the truth may de wth hm.
Whe |udge Rchard Matsch bared much of the reevant evdence pertanng to the
case, he permtted numerous vctms' competey rreevant testmony about ther
persona trauma, obvousy desgned to sway the emotons of an gnorant and
confused |ury.
420
Matsch aso barred ATF nformant Caro Howe's testmony as "rreevant," sayng
that t "woud confuse or msead the |ury." Howe's attorney, Cark Brewster, sad
hs cent coud have gven "compeng testmony n support of a potenta
conspracy theory."
The tra was aso one of the most secretve ever hed. Accordng to the Assocated
Press, a "revew of 1,000 documents fed between Feb. 20 and Sept. 5 found 75
percent of the records have been at east partay seaed."
|1355|
Gven the manstream meda's argey acquescent atttude towards the
government's fary tae, t woud hardy have mattered. One of the most mportant
and reveang documents n the case, McVegh's Wrt of Mandamus, was dsmssed
as a concocton of conspracy theores desgned to cast doubt on McVegh's gut.
|udge Matsch woud have no part of "conspracy theores." He ordered a
mportant exhbts of McVegh's Wrt seaed.
Whe |ones and the government both decded that McVegh coudn't receve a far
tra n Okahoma, crtcs argued that the case was moved to Denver to put t under
the carefu contro of federa ap-dog Rchard Matsch. In one of the most
controversa envronmenta cases ever, Matsch used a one-sded hearng to brush
asde charges that radoactve contamnaton from the Rocky Fats nucear
weapons pant near Denver was adversey undermnng the heath of area
resdents.
A Nxon appontee, Matsch aso presded over the Sverado Savngs and Loan
case, nvovng George Bush's son Ne - a case thck wth drty covert operatves
and shady crmnas nked to the CIA and the Iran-Contra operaton. Bush waked.
|1356|

McVegh's defense asted tte more than a week. In that regard the tra was tte
dfferent than the tra of the survvng Branch Davdans, who were not aowed to
ntroduce evdence that they had acted n sef-defense. The superfca two day
defense, presented after weeks of bogus evdence presented by the government,
resuted from |udge Smth who sad he woud not aow the defense to "put the
government on tra." Yet n fact severa |urors expressed ther opnons that the
government shoud have been on tra - not the survvng Branch Davdans.
Whe he wasn't aowed to ntroduce evdence of a broader conspracy, |ones dd
spend consderabe tme focusng on the dsemboded eg, cothed n camoufage
mtary garb, found amd the rubbe of the Federa Budng.
|ones ntroduced expert testmony that such a eg coud be eft ntact from a bast
that dsntegrated the remanng body. It was ths eg, whch wasn't matched to
any other vctm, |ones suggested, that beonged to the rea bomber.
Yet |udge Matsch wasn't about to aow |ones revea hs knowedge of a wder pot,
as was portrayed n hs Wrt of Mandamus:
The theory of the prosecuton n ths case, not the Grand |ury's theory, s that the
two named Defendants constructed a smpe devce capabe of toppng a nne-
story budng at a pubc fshng ake and that one of them transported ths devce
over two hundred mes wthout bowng hmsef up. That s the heart of the
prosecuton's case. Any evdence concernng the partcpaton of others, the
compexty of the devce, or foregn nvovement takes away the heart of the
government's case and there s therefore an nsttutona nterest on the part of the
government n keepng such evdence sheded from the defense and the pubc.
421
Some crtcs argued that |ones' decson to wat unt one week before the start of
hs cent's tra to fe the mportant and reveang document ensured that the 10th
Crcut Court of Appeas woud re|ect the moton.
|1357|
Other, such as promnent "Patrot" attorney Nancy Lord, nssted that |ones "shoud
have voated the |udge's order, presented evdence of a arger conspracy to the
|ury, and gone to |a for contempt. If I woud have been the defense attorney,
some thngs are mportant enough to go to |a for," Lord sad. "I am shocked at
Stephen |ones' conduct n ths case."
An attorney on |ones' ega team rated hs defense as "no better than a C-mnus,"
athough he added, "I thnk he had some hgh-ponts."
|1358|
As |ones soemny stated n November of 1995, "Some day, when you know what I
know and what I have earned, and that day w come, you w never agan thnk
of the Unted States of Amerca n the same way."
The Amercan pubc never earned what Stephen |ones knows. Yet on the day of
hs sentencng, Tmothy McVegh fnay spoke out: "Our government s the potent
and omnpresent teacher for good or for ," McVegh body f somewhat
engmatcay announced to the court. "It teaches the whoe peope by ts exampe.
That's a I have to say."
|1359|
Naturay, the government and many of the bombng vctms took ths as a sgn of
McVegh's confesson. The rest of the quote may shed some ght on the meanng:
"Crme s contagous. If the government becomes a awbreaker, t breeds contempt
for the aw; t nvtes every man to become a aw unto hmsef; t nvtes anarchy.
To decare that n the admnstraton of the crmna aw the end |ustfes the means
- to decare that the government may commt crmes n order to secure the
convcton of a prvate crmna - woud brng terrbe retrbuton."
McVegh aso accused |ones of yng and screwng up. "The truth s ths guy ony
succeeded n gettng |me| the death sentence," sad McVegh, "and now he doesn't
want to et go."
Asked what es |ones tod hm, McVegh was not specfc: "It's for Congress, the
bar, and the |udcary to nvestgate and dscover. You woud not beeve some of
the thngs that have occurred n ths case. The man has repeatedy ed to me n
the past."
|1360|
Obvousy, Tmothy McVegh s hodng hs cards cose to hs vest. As |ones stated
durng hs cosng argument: "Two peope share a terrbe secret. One w not tak,
the other s bound by aw and can not tak."
The pubc st hasn't earned what that terrbe secret s.
Other rumors abound that |ones - who stands to make mons n ega fees from
the government - purposey threw the case.
"He s the most dshonest person I've ever met, ncudng a the crmnas I've
defended," says hs onetme aw partner Aec McNaughton, who nevertheess
descrbes |ones as "brant."
|1361|
As a young attorney n 1964, |ones began hs career workng for a awyer named
Rchard Mhous Nxon. Hs cents have run the gamut from '60s radcas such as
Abbe Hoffman to estabshment potcans such as Governor Frank Keatng.
|ones and Nchos' attorney Mchae Tgar share a common bond through the ate
Edward Bennett Wams, senor partner of Wams & Connoy (ater Wams,
Wadden & Sten). Wams' cent roster ncuded Senator |oseph McCarthy, Mafa
422
don Frank Costeo, Teamster |mmy Hoffa, ndustrast Armand Hammer, and
Texas Governor |ohn Connay.
A man on ntmate terms wth the CIA, Wams was offered the post of CIA drector
by two presdents, a |ob whch he decned, probaby because he was aready a de
facto CIA offca.
|1362|
Whe |ones openy admres Wams, Tgar was actuay empoyed by hm n the
ate '60s and md 70s. Wams often referred to Tgar as hs "most brant
protg."
A Unversty of Texas Law Schoo professor, Tgar hmsef cams an nterestng
bevy of cents, rangng from "Chcago Seven" member Angea Davs, who was
tred for conspracy to ncte rots at the 1968 Democratc Conventon, to |ohn
Dem|an|uk, accused of beng the notorous Naz concentraton camp guard "Ivan
the Terrbe."
|ones and Tgar have coaborated before, defendng a controversa Okahoma Cty
psychotherapst.
|1363|
"Tgar s a passonate defender of peope who have been oppressed by the
government," sad 24-year Okahoma Cty attorney |m Bengham, who thnks the
possbty of |ones and Tgar runnng "damage contro" for the government s
"hogwash."
"I can't magne the man seng out, and nobody's gong to te hm how to run hs
defense," sad Bengham.
|1364|
But former Nebraska State Senator |ohn DeCamp, who nvestgated a chd abuse
rng run by hgh government offcas, doesn't put much fath n Stephen |ones.
DeCamp beeves |ones actuay made a dea wth the feds. DeCamp represented a
bombng vctm n an eary acton aganst the Federa Government and was |ust
about to fe a moton to preserve the budng as evdence. As he wrote n The
Franklin !oer-2*7
Ony hours before I was to fe the ega papers for a cv acton to keep the
budng standng, I was contacted by Tmothy McVegh's attorneys, who presented
me wth two ma|or requests.
Frst, they asked that I aow them to fe the motons to keep the budng standng
so that the nvestgaton coud be conducted. They had cogent ega arguments for
ths request: because McVegh was/s under federa crmna charges, he had the
defnte ega rght to keep the budng standng under the federa rues of
evdence whch grant crmna defendants the rght to preserve evdence that
woud sgnfcanty mpact ther defense. It was cear that f McVegh's attorneys
beeved, or even suspected government cover-up, they woud defntey want the
budng examned.
Ther second request was that I reease from retaner the bomb nvestgaton team
I had assembed - |ohn A. Kennedy and Assocates - whch, they camed, they
wanted to hre.
I granted these requests to McVegh's attorneys.
A few hours ater, I watched n horror as CNN and a the natona news channes
reported that McVegh's attorneys had no ntent to fe any motons to keep the
Federa Budng standng. They had "|ust reached agreement wth the
government," the reporters expaned, to permt the budng to be destroyed
amost mmedatey.
423
Angry beyond beef, I caed McVegh's attorney and asked what they were dong.
Snce ths a occurred on a weekend, I coud take no ega acton to stop the
budng's destructon. McVegh's attorney tod me, "Oh yes, we are gong to aow
the budng to be destroyed." "Why?" I demanded. "Because we coud not afford to
pay the retaner fee that the Kennedy and Assocates frm wanted," he answered.
Shocked by ths feebe expanaton, I asked, "We, |ust how much do they want?"
McVegh's attorney foored me: "$30,000," he sad. "and we have no resources to
pay t, because we are a court-apponted attorney and there are no funds for ths
purpose."
"For God's sake!" I screamed at hm. "I w rase the money! I w pay the fee!
There's too much at stake for Amerca. "How," I demanded, "can McVegh go aong
wth wantng that budng destroyed, when that budng s the one thng that can
te Amerca the story of what reay happened? I w get you the money, somehow,
but don't refuse to keep the budng up for that reason!"
My protests were fute. Wthn hours of my ca, by mutua agreement between
McVegh's attorneys and the government prosecutors, the budng was destroyed,
and any evdence was destroyed wth t.
|1365|
|ones desputed ths, statng n a etter to the author:
.f anyone took the troube to check the pubc fngs n the case of 2nited States
0 McVei%h they w fnd that one of the very frst Motons that I fed was to stop
the mposon of the Murrah Budng unt the Defense coud go n and take fms
and movng vdeo pctures. The Court sustaned my Moton and we were abe,
together wth an archtect and an exposves expert, to tour the budng. Any cam
that we made a "dea" wth the Federa authortes to permt the demoton of the
Murrah Budng before the Defense coud nspect f s absurd and contradcted by
the pubc record.
|1366|
A source wthn the defense team tod me that |ones' team actuay dd go nto the
budng to conduct forensc anayss. The group conssted of a vdeographer, a st
photographer, and one bomb expert, who were accompaned by severa FBI and
ATF agents. The source sad that the bomb expert waked around wth ony a
|eweer's oupe, no forensc kt, and dd not take any sampes for anayss. The
agents restrcted ther passage through the budng, and by the tme they arrved,
the crater had been fed.
|ones aso made no menton of the amazng etter McVegh sent to hs sster,
descrbng hs recrutment nto a secret government team nvoved n ega
actvtes, whch she had read before the Federa Grand |ury.
What he dd do was show a fm about Waco, further renforcng the aegatons of
hs cent's gut, ncudng the absurd noton that McVegh murdered 25 nnocent
chdren n Okahoma to avenge the murder of 25 nnocent chdren at Waco.
|1367|
Dd |ones have a 9uid *ro 9uo wth the government not to revea any evdence that
hs cent was a government agent? Dd he purposey throw the case? Hs hghy
ncrmnatng Wrt of Mandamus and mpressve openng statement tend to bee
that theory. As |ones sad n hs openng statement:
"I know who bombed the Afred P. Murrah budng. It was NOT Tm McVegh.
"Even more mportant, the government knows who bombed the Afred P. Murrah
budng. The government knows t was NOT Tm McVegh.
424
"The government aso knows that ts case aganst Tm McVegh s corrupt. At ts
core, t's rotten. I w show you n what way, and why.
"The most mportant dfference between us, s that the government won't te you
who bombed the Afred P. Murrah budng.
"I w."
|ones never got the chance. The excuson of ATF nformant Caro Howe sounded
the death kne for other defense wtnesses such as bomb expert Genera Benton
Partn, sesmoogst Dr. Ray Brown, and the many wtnesses who saw addtona
suspects. Whe the prosecuton caed 27 phone company empoyees to testfy
that McVegh and Nchos used a pre-pad cang card to make chemca purchase
nqures, they ddn't ca even one of the many wtnesses who woud have paced
McVegh downtown on the mornng of the bast!
Whe the government socted the testmony of Brtsh exposves expert Lnda
|ones, McVegh's attorney curousy dd not ca Genera Partn, who coud have
bown the d off the government's snge bomb theory.
"The |udge woud not permt. n hs rung he woud not permt anythng except
one man, one bomb," sad Partn. ".they structured the whoe case - the whoe
prosecuton - competey emnatng the budng and anythng to do wth t..
because they coudn't afford to get nto that."
Referrng to |ones, Partn added, "I ddn't expect to be caed by these guys. I had
absoutey no confdence n them. I ddn't expect t - not from |ones."
|1368|
In response, |ones sad, "I dd not put Partn on the stand because my experts do
not credt hs theory.."
|1369|
Yet the queston st remans: why ddn't |ones take the ssue of |udge Matsch's
ega decsons before the Appeate or Supreme Courts? |ones reped by statng
that the appeate court "refused to accept |ursdcton of the case and sad |t|
woud revew the ssues on appea, f there was a convcton."
|1370|
Some have specuated that the mons |ones stands to make n ega fees from the
government payed a part n hs apparenty poor defense.
Those who expected a smary poor defense from Mchae Tgar were shocked to
fnd hm ntroducng evdence of other suspects, and puttng ATF nformant Caro
Howe on the wtness stand.
|1371|
No doubt Nchos' convcton of conspracy and nvountary mansaughter stemmed
from the crtca opnons |urors had of the prosecuton's "mted hang-out."
"I do not beeve that the government gave us the whoe case," sad Lnda Morgan,
one of the |urors who decded Nchos ony had a mnor roe n the bomb pot.
McVegh, she sad, "was seen wth too many other peope. Who were these other
peope?"
"I thnk that the government perhaps reay dropped the ba," sad |ury forewoman
Nk Deutchman, who crtczed the FBI for hatng ts nvestgaton after arrestng
Nchos and McVegh.
|1372|
"I thnk there are other peope out there," she sad, recang defense wtnesses
who saw others wth McVegh before the bombng. "I thnk ths was a horrbe thng
to have done. and I doubt two peope were abe to brng t off."
|1373|
Deutchman aso crtczed the FBI for soppy crme ab procedures, and camed
agents were "arrogant" for fang to tape-record Nchos' nta 9-hour
425
nterrogaton. "It seems arrogant to me on the part of the FBI to say, you know,
'We have good reca and you can take what we have sad.'"
|1374|
Nor coud |urors agree on the scope of Nchos' nvovement. Whe most beeved
he payed a ma|or roe, others questoned f he dd much at a or had backed out
competey or been coerced.
"Some peope fet he wasn't nvoved at a n budng the bomb," Deutchman sad
before echong an oft-repeated mantra from the defense: "I thnk he was budng a
fe."
|uror Hoy Hann, too, fet the government faed to fuy prove ts case. "We
coudn't fnd enough evdence to convnce at east a of us that he ntended, that
he was nvoved from the very begnnng, that he but the bomb. We fet that
evdence was shaky at best.."
|1375|
Others, ke |uror Keth Brooksher, sad"|I| know that Terry Nchos was nto t up to
hs eyebas and that's the ony thng I had to decde.. We're not tryng |ohn Doe
2, or 3 or 4 or whatever." U.S. Attorney Beth Wknson naturay added her voce to
the ensembe, statng that "sghtngs of |ohn Doe 2 were about as common and
about as credbe as sghtngs of Evs."
|1376|
As the tra of Terry Nchos wnds down, the pubc's attenton w resove tsef to
the atest scanda, reported n the same expos-tabod fashon that rveted ts
attenton on the O.|. Smpson tra. As n both cases, the reevant facts w reman
obscured behnd the coored smoke and ghts of what w certany be more crcus
tras. Attorney Larry Becraft tod Media $y*ass, "They got Oswad, they got |ames
Ear Ray, they got McVegh and once they're fnshed wth Nchos, they've offered
the pubc a coupe of sacrfca ambs, and they hope t w a go away."
By the tme ths book s pubshed, a few seect facts may be brought to ght. They
w frst be reveaed by a few vctms' fames, angry demandng |ustce; by the
few pubc offcas courageous enough to rsk ther careers. And fnay, they w be
echoed n the courts by the nevtabe specter of cv tgaton.
Then, the powers that be w hasten to construct a new ayer of damage contro,
and the cover-up w begn anew. Lke the crme scene qucky demoshed, and
the |ohn Does that never exsted, ths new "mted-hangout," n the form of a few
"startng reveatons," w be used as a dam, to hod back the onrushng tde of
truth.
W Tmothy McVegh ever choose to revea that truth - what he knows of t - or
w t go wth hm to the grave, or de wth hm n a prson "sucde?"
As Fetcher Prouty states: "The whoe story of the *ower of the cover-up comes
down to a few ponts. There has never been a grand |ury and tra n Texas
(referrng to Lee Harvey Oswad). Wthout a tra there can be nothng. Wthout a
tra t does no good for researchers to dg up data. It has no pace to go and what
the researchers revea |ust heps make the cover-up tghter, or they emnate that
evdence and the researcher."
|1377|
The government egay prevented a state tra n Daas n 1963, as they tred to
do n Okahoma Cty n 1995. It came down to one courageous Dstrct Attorney n
New Oreans to open up that can of worms.
As ths book went to press, a County Grand |ury, convened at the behest of two
courageous men n Okahoma, began hearng evdence.
426
W these |urors w more ob|ectve and effectve than the hghy manpuated
Federa Grand |ury? One |uror, Ben Baker, was quoted n The "aily Oklahoman as
sayng: "Everyone I've taked to beeves ths s a waste of tme and taxpayers'
money. I beeve the same thng."
Another |uror, Kenneth Rckenbrode, s a eutenant wth OCPD Interna Affars,
whch shoud serve rather ncey to hamstrng any serous nqury nto the murder
of OCPD Offcer Terrance Yeakey.
Fortunatey, Bob Macy's Chef Assstant DA, Pat Morgan and Assstant DA Suzanne
Lster-Gump are on hand to "advse" the |urors and "pre-screen" the evdence.
Charmng.
Representatve Key had tte choce but to work wth Macy's peope, the
aternatve beng a speca prosecutor beng apponted by potca hacks Attorney
Genera Drew Edmondson or Governor Frank Keatng. Athough Key coud have
ob|ected to both Edmondson and Keatng based on ther obvous pre|udce, he fet
the Supreme Court woud have sat on the ssue, perhaps not appontng a speca
prosecutor for over a year. After watng two years, he was anxous to get the
process started. The choce was "decdng between bad, worse, and worse," sad
Key, who now beeves that Macy s "on our sde."
|1378||1379|
Bob Macy - a man who "nvestgated" the case by thumbng through an od copy
of The Turner "iaries K now nssts he ntends to uncover the truth. "I'm prepared
to do what ever t takes to get to the truth!" Macy decared. "My soe ntent s n
earnng the truth." Ths Macy stated to the author fve months before he
kowtowed to "|ustce" Department wshes n opposng the grand |ury.
Of course, Macy's most teng statement came when he was asked f he ntended
to pursue an nvestgaton ndependent of the feds. "We. I don't want to be a
party to anythng that w nterfere wth the Feds' prosecuton," sad Macy. .( don1t
want to o*en u* a new can of worms0.
|1380|
Ths s not surprsng, comng from a man who refused to prosecute eght feony
ndctments aganst a sttng governor who was a campagn manager for Presdent
Cnton.
Consequenty, Key pettoned the Okahoma Supreme Court to order Macy to do hs
|ob. In repy, Macy stated, "I am gong to do my |ob. Ths acton by hm won't have
any effect one way or another. I am st gong to do t the way t s supposed to be
done."
Former Congressman George Hansen (R-ID) thnks Macy, whom he says was
"straddng the fence," has now turned around. "Look, "he's obgated to do the w
of the estabshment," sad Hansen. "He went aong. wth defendng the
estabshment."
An od frend of Macy's from Washngton, D.C., Hansen earned the hard way what
t's ke to suffer at the hands of a corrupt and vndctve "|ustce" Department. Not
one to easy trust the Federa Government, Hansen genuney beeves hs od
frend from the Department of Agrcuture s now honesty gong to chaenge that
government. "Gve the guy a chance to turn around," sad Hansen. "He honesty
wants that grand |ury to come out wth as much of the truth as possbe."
|1381|
If true, perhaps Macy shoud mbue a sence of open-mndedness n hs so-caed
nvestgators. In an affdavt fed by Rchard Snnett, the eyewtness cams that
427
one of Macy's nvestgators made sarcastc comments to hm about the grand |ury
nvestgaton shorty before he was subpoenaed.
Snnett coud not dentfy the person. However, he sad n the sgned affdavt, the
man who caed hm sad "he dd not know why he was havng to do ths, that
Chares Key was pushng ths and that nothng woud come of t and that s was a
waste of tme."
Naturay, Macy's offce dened the charge.
Perhaps the Supreme Court shoud order |udge Burkette, presdng over the County
Grand |ury, to do his |ob. Burkett attempted to dsaow hearsay evdence to be
presented to the grand |ury - a cear voaton of Okahoma grand |ury procedures.
|1382|
"Do not accept hearsay," Burkett sad n hs openng nstructons to the grand
|urors. "Hear ony those wtnesses who woud present facts, whch f true, woud
substantate an ndctabe offense and not needessy deay the courts n ther
other functons by stenng to radca persons or facts about whch you coud do
nothng f t were true."
|1383|
".radca persons or facts about whch you coud do nothng f t were true"???
|udge Burkett's subte sgna s suspcousy remnscent of the 1976 House Seect
Commttee on Assassnatons nvestgaton of the Kennedy assassnaton, whch
admtted that the evdence ed to a probabe conspracy. No ndcments were ever
handed down.
KFOR's |ayna Davs, who testfed before the Grand |ury, ddn't mss ths subte
sgna. She tod The "aily Oklahoman she expects prosecutors "to express a
egtmate nterest" n pursung ndctments aganst the suspects her wtnesses
dentfed.
|1384|
Even f Macy and Burkette are eventuay forced to do ther |obs, the FBI can
undoubtedy be counted on to ntmdate key wtnesses, as they dd n the federa
tra. Kay H., who saw Hussan a-Hussan speed away n the brown pck-up,
reportedy s afrad to testfy before the Grand |ury, after pubcy statng - twce
- that Hussan was the man she saw. Gary Lews, the |ourna Record pressman
who was amost run over by McVegh and |ohn Doe 2, has now recanted hs story.
After hs testmony before the County Grand |ury, Professor Ray Brown of the
Unversty of Okahoma had a change of heart: "There's no evdence n the
|sesmographc| bomb sgnas for any addtona charges," Brown tod reporters.
|1385|
The federa agents who mght be subpoenaed w no doubt attempt to quash them
on the grounds of "natona securty."
It s been rumored that no grand |ury ndctments w ever be returned.
Sad Stephen |ones, ".a vng nghtmare for the Department of |ustce s an
Okahoma state crmna tra, not ony a nghtmare for them, but a nghtmare for
the ntegence communty, for the ATF. There sn't gong to be any Okahoma tra.
."
"If I thought the State of Okahoma was reay nterested n the truth as opposed to
|ust some potca sde show," added |ones, "I woud nsst that Mr. McVegh have a
state tra and demand that he be reeased to the state authortes. But ths s a
potcs."
|1386|
428
"What ||oseph Hartzer| s tryng to do s not have peope earn," sad McVegh n
an ntervew from hs prson ce. "He wants to have them put ther heads n the
sand."
What McVegh states may be an unfortunate axom. Many Amercans aren't
nterested n knowng the truth. Lke Becraft sad, they want t to go away. They
don't want to open up a new can of worms. Many peope, even those n Okahoma,
don't want to beeve that the government, or eements wthn that government,
coud or woud, do, or cover-up, such an ev act.
However, "very few w cover up the voent deaths of ther sons and daughters, or
the chdren of a cose famy frend, no matter what the prce," argued a poster to
an Internet newsgroup caed OKBOMB.
|1387|
Surprsngy, many of these peope - ncudng a sgnfcant number of bombng
vctms - are nave, nteectuay azy, and unreasonaby ndgnant. Lke ths
poster, these peope haven't done ther homework regardng the egon of ev and
corrupton n ths country, so they don't have any bass for understandng or
chaengng t. Drven soey by nstnct and emoton, and speakng from a pace of
gnorance, they react angry to those attemptng to expose the truth, whatever
that truth mght be.
Smpy stated, they are n dena. Such dena absoves one of the responsbty of
havng to do somethng about the probem - to take a stand - and, on an even
deeper eve, to chaenge ther comfortaby hed beef systems. Whe the pubc
servants who know the truth and choose to reman sent are guty accompces
after-the-fact, to deny that such a truth exsts to begn wth s nteectua
cowardce. Faced wth such a choce between examnng ther fasey chershed
vaues and, consequenty, themseves, most peope opt for the safer approach.
As another OKBOMB poster observed, "They want ther ves to go on as easy as
possbe, wthout beng harassed by the government, but wthout admttng to
themseves that they sod ther sous for a contnued paycheck and a good credt
ratng."
|1388|
The author has no respect or sympathy for such ndvduas, or for that matter, the
ma|orty of Amercans who mndessy subscrbe to the baefu fantases
perpetrated by government ars and manstream meda whores. They can twst n
the wnd.
Two hundred years ago, Samue Adams sad: "If ye ove weath better than berty,
the tranquty of servtude better than the anmatng contest of freedom, go home
from us n peace. We ask not your counses or arms. Crouch down and ck the
hands whch feed you.."
Fortunatey, there are enough peope who want to know the truth. These are the
peope worth fghtng for. Approxmatey 500 bombng vctms and ther reatves
are begnnng to seek answers. They have brought two cv suts aganst the
Federa Government. The suts seek to prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that the
government had advance knowedge of the pot but faed to stop t, n what
amounted, at east on one eve, to a stng operaton gone wrong.
|1389|
As Stephen |ones sad n hs openng statement, "Outrageousy, the government
shares part of the bame. It's hands have bood on them as surey as the hands of
the man who t the fuse. Horrfcay, the government knew what was comng, but
429
faed to stop t. Then t covered up ts roe for fear of beng hed accountabe for ts
nexcusabe conduct."
The acqutta of ATF nformant Caro Howe and the resutng pubcty surroundng
Eohm Cty w no doubt affect the baance of evdence. Yet gven the fact that no
Mdde Eastern wtnesses have been caed (at east as of ths wrtng), the
reveatons of Howe w ony serve to hghght the roe that neo-Naz eements
payed n the bombng - to the excuson of the Arab facton.
Ths s nothng more than a "mted hang-out." Gven the government/mass-meda
propaganda effort amed at nkng McVegh and Nchos to the Mta Movement,
and the Mta Movement to the neo-Naz communty, the end resut dffers tte
from the government's orgna premse - that the mtas, beng essentay neo-
Nazs, are n effect, responsbe for the bombng.
Shoud Howe's testmony revea the government's pror knowedge, perhaps the
ATF, FBI, and the "|ustce" Department w eventuay be forced to admt a mnor
roe n ther "tragc bunder," and those starved for a tte truth w be, at ast,
temporary satsfed.
Then the hearngs w begn. Lke the Warren Commsson, the Watergate
hearngs, or the Iran-Contra hearngs, t w eventuay be reveaed that a few bad
appes, actng aone and outsde the ream of offca responsbty, were
"neggent." Inevtabe wrsts w be sapped.
Then, as the hearngs draw to a cose, the deeper and more pressng questons w
be swept under the rug, as the shock and tragedy of the moment graduay fades
n the wake of next year's TV stcoms. Those who orchestrated the conspracy w
dsappear nto the nvsabe cracks of tme, protected by the same magnant
forces that nurtured them nto beng.
One Congressman who aegedy dspayed an nterest n aternatve bombng
evdence was Senator Aren Specter. As a young assstant prosecutor on the
Warren Commsson, Specter propounded the "magc buet" theory. Now, on the
same day as the bombng, Specter's foregone concusons coud be heard on
McNe-Lerher, propoundng the "magc bomb" theory.
Soon after, Specter, who s head of the Senate Integence Commttee, asked
KFOR for a the evdence they'd coected on |ohn Doe 2. No doubt the good
Senator's coectng ths nformaton for the next Warren Commsson report.
|1390|
One Amercan's foregone concuson of the Okahoma Cty bombng may be more
reveang however. It s from a etter sent to the hosptazed survvors by a 3rd
grade boy. It reads:
Heo, I hope you fee better from the exposon n Okahoma. I wsh t never
happened. I fet sad when t happened. I fet bad for the peope who ded and the
peope who got hurt. That's ony the begnnng of what's gong to happen to
Amerca. Hope you fee better.
Endnotes
|E: In the orgna prnted edton, there were both unnumbered footnotes and
numbered endnotes. In ths dgta edton, a notes have been converted to
endnotes and re-numbered. The numbers of the prnted edton endnotes are
shown n parentheses. Footnotes of the prnted edton are aso shown n
430
parentheses, but wth the format (<chapter number>:<page number>:<footnote
symbo>). Thus, the footnote ** from Chapter 6, page 268, woud be shown as
(6:268:**). Some endnotes have been added or modfed by the author or the
dgta edtor, and these are surrounded n doube square brackets ||||, wth those
of the edtor prefxed wth "E:".|
1. (1) Detectve |ay Enhorn, ntervew wth author.
2. (2) Nancy Gbbs,"The Bood of Innocents," Time, 5/1/95.
3. (3) (+id0.
4. (4) Accordng to "|ournast" Larry Myers, McVegh exted the vehce and met
Hanger between the two cars. Hanger asked McVegh for hs cense. He then
nformed the cop that he was movng from Arkansas, at whch pont Hanger waked
back to hs vehce and ran McVegh's cense. Hanger's vdeo camera was on, as
we as hs mcrophone. As he waked back to McVegh, he notced a buge under
hs |acket, and as he handed McVegh hs cense, he quety fpped the snap on hs
hoster. He asked McVegh f he was carryng a gun, and McVegh nformed hm he
was, at whch pont Hanger drew hs weapon, shoved McVegh aganst the car and
spread hs egs. McVegh tod Hanger that he had a conceaed carry permt and
showed hm s od Burns Securty badge. McVegh sat n the passenger sde of the
patro car and taked about the bombng as t fashed over the rado. When he
arrved at the |ahouse, he asked, "when's chow?"
5. See Partn Report and dagrams n appendx.
6. (5) Sam Cohen's etter to Representatve Key, 6/29/95, copy n author's
possesson.
7. (6) Wam |asper, "Exposve Evdence of a Cover-Up," The New American,
8/7/95.
8. (7) (+id.
9. The Atas Powder Co. s n Daas, Texas.
10. (8) Chrstne Gorman, "Bomb Lurkng n the Garden Shed", Time magazne,
5/1/95.
11. (9) Rck Sherrow, ntervew wth author.
12. (10) Lnda |ones, tra transcrpt, 20S0 0 McVei%h.
13. (11) Sacramento $ee, 4/30/95.
14. (12) Bran Ford, "McVegh Paced at Kansas Store," Tulsa World, 9/12/97.
431
15. (1:5:*) They camed they ddn't know where t was but.
16. (13) Military &#*losies/ TM C-:C:;FTO ::A-:-E?, Dept. of the Army and the Ar
Force, 4/14/55, p. 121.
17. (14) Mchee Mare Moore, Oklahoma !ity7 "ay One (Eagar, AZ: Harvest Trust,
1996), p. 122.
18. (15) KFOR-TV, 4/19/95.
19. (16) 2SA Today, 4/28/95.
20. (17) New 'ork Times, 10/19/95.
21. (18) Memorandum to a US Attorneys from Actng Assstant Attorney Genera
|ohn C. Keeney, 1/4/96, and etter of Frederck Whtehurst, 1/9/96 copy n author's
possesson.
22. (19) "Outsde Experts to Revew FBI Crme Lab,"Wall Street Journal, 9/19/95;
OIG report, copy n author's possesson.
23. (1:7:*) "Wams' report aso states that the ntator for the Prmadet or the
detonatng cord was a non-eectrc detonator; non-eectrc, burnng type fuse of
ether hobby fuse or a commerca safety fuse was used as a safe separaton and
tme deay system; and the tme deay for the burnng fuse was approxmatey 2
mnutes and 15 seconds.. No evdence of a non-eectrc detonator or the named
fuses, however, were found at the crme scene.. Wams aso stated n hs report
that |a| fertzer base exposve, such as ANFO. among other commerca and
mprovsed exposves, has an approxmate VOD of 13,000 fps. The statement of
the VOD of ANFO, however, s ncompete because ANFO has a broad VOD range.
For exampe, the Dupont Basters' Handbook (Dupont) shows commerca ANFO
products wth VODs n the 7,000-15,600 feet-per-second range. When Wams
wrote hs Okahoma Cty report, he was aware of ths range.."
24. (20) The Gundersen Report on the Bombng of the Afred P. Murrah Budng,
Okahoma Cty, Apr 19, 1995, 11/1/96, copy n author's possesson.
25. (21) (+id.
26. As the OIG report states: "Whtehurst questons Wams' concuson that none
of the structura damage evdent wthn the Murrah budng was caused by
secondary exposve devces or exposons."
27. (1:8:*) Partn ponted out that whe the truck bomb that damaged the Word
Trade Center was n an encosed space, thereby creatng a much hgher
destructve force than a bomb out n the open, t dd not destroy the support
coumn next to t.
432
28. (22) Rchard Sherrow, "Bombast, Bomb Basts & Baoney,"Soldier of Fortune,
6/95.
29. (23) Rabauch's etter to Partn dated 7/18/95, copy n author's possesson.
30. (24) CNN Word News, 6/26/96.
31. (25) |m Lofts, ntervew wth author.
32. (1:10:*) The Israes' host n the U.S. was Okahoma Cty busness eader Moshe
Ta, an Israe. Accordng to Wam Northrop, another Israe and Okahoma Cty
resdent, Ta ntay crcuated the report, whch was three pages and mentoned
the Mdde-Eastern bomb sgnature. After Ta was summoned to Israe, he returned
denyng those aspects of the report. It was suddeny, n keepng wth the U.S.
Government's poston, no onger a Mdde-Eastern bomb, and the report tsef
ncredby shrank from three pages to ony one.
33. (26) Lou Kzer and Kevn Fynn, "Were Feds Warned Before OKC Bomb But?"
Rocky Mountain News, 2/6/97. The fue deaer reported the purchasng attempt to
the ATF, but the agency dd not foow up.
34. (27) Gronnng's etter to Key, dated 6/27/95, copy n author's possesson.
35. (28) |ames L. Pate, "Boody Apr: Waco Annversary Trggers Okahoma Cty
Atrocty," Soldier of Fortune, August, 1995.
36. (29) Larens Imanyue, ntervew wth author.
37. (30) &n%ineerin% News, May 1, 1995, page 10-11.
38. (31) The Gundersen Report on the Bombng of the Afred P. Murrah Budng,
Okahoma Cty, Apr 19, 1995, 11/1/96, copy n author's possesson.
39. (32) Larens Imanyue,"The Bombng of the Okahoma Cty Federa Budng:
Was a Cruse Msse Warhead Desgn Used?" Veritas, 12/18/95.
40. (33) Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/97, p. 35.
41. (34) Ramona McDonad, ntervew wth author.
42. (35) "The Worst Terrorst Attack on U.S. So: Apr 19, 1995," CNN, 12/20/95.
43. (1:13:*) Other peope who were workng n offce budngs at the tme reported
that sparks few out from ther computers |ust before the bast. The manager of the
Journal Record parkng garage, two bocks from the Murrah Budng, reported that
the eectronc computers n at east haf a dozen cars had mafunctoned as a resut
of the bast.
433
44. (36) Sam Cohen, ntervew wth author.
45. (37) Gene Wheaton, "The Covert Cuture," )ortland Free )ress, May/|une 1996.
46. (38) Davd Nobe, "Professors of Terror," Third World Resur%ence (Penang,
Maaysa), February-March, 1992, p. 34, quoted n Ramsey Cark, The Fire This
Time, (New York, NY: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 44.
47. (39) Ade Darwck and Gregory Aexander, 2nholy $a+ylon, (New York, NY: St.
Martn's Press, 1991), p. 104.
48. (40) Harry M., confdenta etter to author.
49. (41) "Iraq Aso Worked on Hydrogen Bomb," Assocated Press, quoted n The
Nashille Tennessean, 10/9/91, as quoted n Chares T. Harrson, "He n a Hand
Basket: The Threat of Portabe Nucear Weapons," Military Reiew, May, 1993.
50. (42) E-Ma message to Tony Scaratt; Intervew wth author.
51. (1:15:*) Wthn the ast few years, artces have appeared n the U.S., European,
and even Russan meda deang wth an exotc new matera known as 'Red
Mercury' whch had been deveoped by the Russans and aegedy hed propertes
capabe of producng far more effcent nucear fsson warheads than the
conventona exposves deveoped thus far."
52. (43) Harrson, O* !it.
53. New 'orker magazne, date unknown, quoted by nucear physcst Gaen
Wnsor on Radio Free America, 3/23/93.
54. (44) Edward Zehr, "Turnng Pont: Resovng The Engma of Okahoma Cty,"
Washin%ton Weekly/ ::F:@FCM.
55. Some rescue workers, t was aso rumored, had become wth mysterous
nesses. They suffered from physca exhauston and coud barey drag
themseves to work, t was reported, athough these reports have not been
substantated. Of the 43 FEMA dogs that took part n the rescue effort, four ded
and one became . Rumors qucky spread that the dogs had ded of radaton
posonng. The body of one of the deceased dogs, t was camed, had been
exhumed, hs ungs found to be radoactve. The cuprt was supposedy a
radoactve sotope caed Trtum. A heavy form of hydrogen, Trtum s an
essenta ngredent n nucear weapons. In mcroscopc quanttes t s aso used as
a "tracer" n medca procedures - n|ected nto the boodstream as an ad n
radoogy scannng. Accordng to Larry |acobson, Executve Vse Presdent of the
Natona Assocaton of Search & Rescue (NASR) n Farfax, Vrgna, "We don't
know of any dog comng out of the Okahoma thng that had any more then cut
paws. t was a totay baseess rumor." Mke Nozer, head of the Tusa, Okahoma
434
K-9 Search & Rescue team, was busy assembng hs team for the Heroes of the
Heart parade n Bethany on Apr 19, 1996. He expaned that a eght of hs dogs
were st actve, n fact were at the parade that day. "My dogs were the frst ones
n the budng," sad Nozer, whose team worked for sx days to pu peope out of
the wreckage. "I ddn't have any one of my dogs down due to radaton." Nozer
aso expaned that the Fre Department had sprayed a chemca n the budng on
the evenng of the fourth day to prevent contamnaton from decayng bodes st
nsde. However, accordng to Nozer, ths woud not have affected the dogs. Skp
Hernandez of Mam's Metro Dade Fre Department, worked wth hs dogs n the
"pt," an area key to have been contamnated. "Before we aow the dogs to go n,
we ask certan questons |of| the hazardous materas guys because the dogs work
very ow to the ground," expaned Hernandez. "A the dogs went thorough a
thorough physca. None of our dogs eft there n|ured.We woud have known f
there was radaton n there." Hernandez aso sad that the dog that ded was an
oder dog, who ded of cancer. The dog that had ded was supposedy from a team
n Vrgna or Maryand. Sgt. Lavee of Maryand Task Force 1, tod me one dog
became sck from yme dsease, but he ddn't thnk t was reated to the bombng.
As to the rumor of Trtum posonng, he sad, "That's the frst we've ever heard of
t." |acobson, who works wth the team n Vrgna, sad absoutey no dog ded as a
resut of beng n the Murrah Budng. I asked Samue Cohen about the possbty
of Trtum posonng. "Trtum coud have been mxed up wth ANFO," sad Cohen.
"But t seems far-fetched that they coud have gotten that much nto ther systems
to do any serous radaton damage. It's very unkey to do damage uness t gets
nto the system n huge doses. The cuprt woud have to stea more Trtum than
exsts n any snge ab on earth. He woud need pounds. And Trtum s not cheap
stuff. The ast I checked, t was a few thousand doars a gram." But whether
search and rescue dogs actuay ded of radaton posonng s another matter. A
Rotweer named Wenachten Gator Von Scott CD, who ved wth hs owner |acob
Scott n Broken Arrow, Okahoma, ded n |une of 1996, of a broken neck after a
fa. Gator had pued the ast survvor out of the Murrah Budng. Another dog, a
member of the Okahoma County Sherff's K-9 Unt named Chta, was ht by a car
after escapng from her pen durng a ha storm. Whe some have suggested that
the dogs were ked to hde evdence of radaton posonng, there s no evdence
that ether anma was sufferng from such a maady. Yet consderng the extent of
the cover-up underway at the tme, and the number of peope who feared for ther
|obs, the autopsy reports on the dogs coud have been faked. Certany any
reveaton of a nucear exposon woud not ony cause the government's aready
shaky premse to fa apart, but woud cause wdespread panc among the
popuaton.
56. Sam Cohen, ntervew wth author.
57. (45) Sam Cohen, Journal of !iil "efense, Fa, 1995, quoted by F.R. Supanter
n $ehind the 8eadlines.
58. Accordng to demoton experts, smpy wrappng Prmacord around the
coumn supports 27 tmes woud be enough to destroy them.
435
59. (1:15:**) Authortes ater backtracked on the eg, camng that t beonged to
Arforce recrut Lakesha Levy. They orgnay sad the eg beonged to a ght-
sknned mae n hs 30s. They then sad t beonged to a back femae, n order to
match t wth Levy.
60. (46) "A cassfed Pentagon study determnes Okahoma bombng was caused
by more than one bomb," Strate%ic (nestment Newsletter, 3/20/96.
61. (47) Wam |asper, "Mutpe Basts: More Evdence," The New American, date
unknown.
62. (48) "The Okahoma Cty Bombng: Improved budng performance through
mut-hazard mtgaton," FEMA, quoted n Releance magazne, Apr, 1997.
63. (49) Genera Benton K. Partn, ntervew wth author.
64. (50) New American, date unknown.
65. (1:18:*) Davd Ha, manager of KPOC-TV n Ponca Cty, who has done
consderabe nvestgaton nto the bombng, tod me that two Southwestern Be
empoyees caed hm and camed they had a surveance tape that showed the
Murrah Budng shakng before the truck bomb detonated.
66. (51) Sam Cohen, ntervew wth author.
67. (52) |eff Bruccear, Okahoma Rado Network, ntervew wth Dr. Ray Brown,
2/18/97.
68. (53) |erry Longspaugh, !oer-2* in Oklahoma !ity vdeo, 1996.
69. Emphass mne.
70. (54) Ramona McDonad, ntervew wth author.
71. Athough the tape was confscated by the FBI t was ater returned, key
atered, |ust as the FBI key atered the famous Zapruder fm of the |FK
assassnaton by reversng the frames that showed the presdent's head beng
bown back.
72. (55) Wam |asper,"Sesmc Support," The New American, 8/7/95, 1995.
73. (56) Noan Cay, "Scentsts Debate Meanng of Bombng Sesmograms", The
"aily Oklahoman, 11/21/95.
74. (57) Moore, O* !it., p. 223.
436
75. (58) Wam |asper,"Sesmc Support", The New American, 8/7/95, 1995. Brown
ater added that the one-fourth of the budng coapsng on 4/19 coud have
created a arger puse f t had hep, say, from hgh-exposves, "so you woudn't
need qute as much budng to be coapsng to cause the same szed puse that
we observed on the day of the exposon."
76. (59) Wam |asper, "Were There Two Exposons?", The New American,
6/12/95.
77. (60) Washin%ton )ost/ ?FBEFCD.
78. (61) Moore, O* !it., p. 223.
79. (62) Hassan Muhammad, ntervew wth author.
80. (63) "Wam |asper," OKC Investgator Under Attack," The New American,
6/23/97; vdeo deposton of |ane C. Graham, 7/20/97, copy n author's possesson.
81. (64) "Okahoma Cty: What Reay Happened?", vdeo by Chuck Aen, 1995.
82. (65) Media $y*ass, |une, 1995.
83. (66) |asper, O* !it., 6/12/95.
84. (1:23:*) Unfortunatey, Partn shot hmsef n the foot n hs frst etter to
Congress by nsnuatng that the bombng was the work of a Communst conspracy
(The Thrd Socast Internatona), thereby possby portrayng hmsef n the eyes
of some as a Rght-Wng "kook." But n spte of hs potcs, hs technca credentas
are beyond reproach.
85. (1:23:**) Ths s remnscent of the cover-up of the |FK assassnaton, where
Secret Servce agents carefuy washed down the presdent's mo mmedatey
after the shootng wth buckets of water to remove a traces of buet fragments,
and had Governor Connoy's cothes, buet hoes and a, ceaned and pressed.
86. (67) Guy Rubsamen, ntervew wth author.
87. (1:24:*) Such a stuaton s remnscent of |FK's vst to Daas, where the
potters made sure the Presdent's protectve bubbe was removed from hs
mousne, and made sure the Secret Servce never bothered to check the many
open wndows around Deay Paza - a standard securty procedure n such a
stuaton.
88. (68) Dr. Pau Heath, ntervew wth author.
89. (69) "Wtness Accounts Vary n Okahoma Cty Bombng," "allas Mornin% News,
10/8/95; Assocated Press, 8/27/95; Assocated Press, 9/9/95.
437
90. (70) Statement of undentfed wtness takng by Rep. Chares Key, copy n
author's possesson.
|91|. After pubcaton of ths book, |ane Graham was shown a photograph of
German natona Andreas Strassmer, dscussed ater, and dentfed hm as one of
the men she saw.
92. (71) Graham, O* !it. One of the men was ta, ate '30s, nce-ookng, very dark
har, mustache, back cowboy hat, |eans. The others were sghty oder; wearng
khaks, short seeves, a Caucasans. The FBI agent who ntervewed Graham was
|oe Schwecke .
93. (72) Intervews wth Pau Renfroe, OG&E; Thom Hunter, Southwestern Be; Don
Sherry, Okahoma Natura Gas. Intervews wth approxmatey 20 constructon
companes nvoved wth a renovaton bd by GSA. Contractor st supped by GSA
to author.
94. (73) Davd Ha, ntervew wth author.
95. (74) |.D. Cash & |eff Hoaday, "Secondary Exposon Reveaed n Murrah Bast,"
Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 5/4/95.
96. (75) Aen, O* !it.
97. (76) |on Rappaport, Oklahoma !ity $om+in% K The Su**ressed Truth (Los
Angees, CA: Bue Press, 1995).
98. (77) Veritas/ :;FCFCD.
99. (1:27:*) Accordng to Army technca manua on mtary exposves, Mercury
Fumnate s ony safe to hande f t s "dead-pressed."
100. (78) Crag Roberts, "The Bombng of the Murrah Federa Budng: An
Investgatve Report," (prepared for the Tusa Offce of the FBI), 6/4/95, copy n
author's possesson.
101. (1:27:**) It was the presence of mtary ordnance that brought the 61st EOD
(Exposve Ordnance Demoton) team from Fort S n to examne and defuse the
bombs.
102. (1:27:) The Army had a recrutng offce n the budng, whch woud have
made the presence of mtary personne nconspcuous. The Department of
Agrcuture aso had an offce n the budng. The Department of Agrcuture has
been used as a front for IRS ntegence, and aso the 113th M.I.G. (Mtary
Integence Group) n Chcago n 1970. Gven the easy access to mtary personne
n the budng, t woud have been easy for mtary personne to go through the
budng unnotced.
438
103. (79) Genera Benton K. Partn, ntervew wth author.
104. (80) KFOR-TV.
105. (1:29:*) Accordng to the September, 1995 edton of Firehouse magazne,
there were three bomb scares: one at 10:22, one at 10:45, and one at 1:51. (See
Rado ogs, Appendx)
106. Taped ntervew of Tffany Smth by Rep. Chares Key.
107. (81) |m Keth, O4$OM$ K !ons*iracy and !oer-2* (Lburn, GA: Iumnt
Press, 1996).
108. (82) Edward Comeau, "Fre Investgaton Report: Okahoma Cty Bombng and
Rescue Operaton," Natona Fre Protecton Assocaton, 11/12/95.
109. It was rumored that one of the devces was taken to Krkand Ar Force Base n
Abuquerque, NM. Fred Shannon of the &llis !ounty )ress n Abuquerque camed
hs source s too frghtened to come forward. If ths account s true, t s curous to
say the east, why a bomb woud be taken to a remote mtary base, when Tnker
Ar Force base s ess than 10 mes away. Interestngy, a branch of Sanda Labs s
ocated at Krkand Ar Force Base. The Sanda Corporaton, headquartered n
Abuquerque, and the Lawrence Lvermore Natona Laboratory, ocated n Aameda
County, CA, have cooperated on the deveopment of hghy sophstcated
exposves, ncudng nucear weapons. Sanda often conducts t's tests at the
Whte Sands Msse Test Range, |ust west of Aamagordo. Whte Sands was the
home to the ATF's "Dpoe Mght" experments (see beow). Was the government
takng one of ts bombs back home to Momma?
110. (83) Aen, O* !it.
111. (84) Moore, O* !it., p. 221. Rcks made ths statement the day of the
bombng.
112. (85) Genera Benton K. Partn, ntervew wth author.
113. (86) Rck Sherrow, ntervew wth author.
114. (1:30:*) The TOW msse, nspected by the 61st EOD team out of Ft. S was
nert, as reported on the Okahoma County Sherff's Evdence/Ordnance
Acceptance Form, dated 4/19/95, copy n author's possesson.
115. (87) BATF RAC Dewy Webb, ntervew wth author; OCPD Offcer Don
Brownng, ntervew wth author.
439
116. Ths author requested the Sherff's vdeo under the Okahoma Open Records
Act. I subsequenty receved the orgna verson from a frend. It seems the Sherff
sent me an edted verson, wth the ordnance beng removed edted out.
117. (88) |.D. Cash & |eff Hoaday, "Worker Heped Remove Muntons, Msse from
Murrah Budng," Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/7/95.
118. (89) (+id.
119. The BATF ed about the presence of a methamphetamne ab on the Branch
Davdan compound n Waco, Texas n order to crcumvent the Posse Comtatus
Act, whch prevents the mtary from beng used for domestc aw enforcement.
Consequenty, tanks from the Army's |ont Task Force Sx were used (drven the
FBI) to demosh and gas the Branch Davdan compound. Eghty-sx men, women
and chdren were ether crushed to death or burned ave. The FBI, udcrousy
enough, camed that the tanks were there to knock hoes n the was n order to
aow peope to escape - an absoutey rdcuous asserton - they coud have
smpy used the wndows and doors.
120. (90) Releance magazne, 7/95.
121. (91) Moore, O* !it., p. 107.
122. (92) (+id.
123. (1:33:*) Ths author ntervewed a retred Army crmna nvestgator who
companed about Lester Martz's stonewang a smar nvestgaton he was
nvoved n.
124. (93) Aen, O* !it0L Moore, O* !it.
125. (94) (+id., p. 116.
126. (95) Rchard L. Sherrow, "Aftershocks and Subterfuge: Coud of Doubt Lngers
Over Government Cover-up," Soldier of Fortune, Apr, 1996; Moore, p. 106.
127. Ths was reported brefy n the New 'ork Times and the Wall Street Journal.
The two artces were then qucky bured n scrap-heap of hstory.
128. (96) Lawrence W. Myers, "Bureau of ANFO Truck-Bomb Fabrcaton," Media
$y*ass, November, 1996.
129. (97) "Who Are They? The Okahoma Bast Reveas The Paranod Lfe and
Tmes of Accused Bomber Tmothy McVegh and Hs Rght-Wng Assocates." Time,
5/1/95.
440
130. (98) Dae Russakock & Serge Kovaesk, "An Ordnary Boy's Extraordnary
Rage; After a Long Search For Order, Tmothy McVegh Fnay Found a Word He
Coud Ft Into,"Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
131. (99) |ohn Kfner, "Okahoma Bombng Suspect: Unraveng a Frayed Lfe," New
'ork Times, 12/31/95.
132. (100) "An Ordnary Boy's Extraordnary Rage," Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
133. (101) Robert D. McFadden, "Terror n Okahoma: The Suspect - One Man's
Compex Path to Extremsm," New 'ork Times, 4/23/95.
134. (2:36:*) Lor Forter orgnay tod the press, "It truy sckens me when I see
my frend's face, yes my frend's face, portrayed on the cover of Time magazne as
the face of ev."
135. (102) Sheffed Anderson, ntervew wth author.
136. (2:36:**) Nobe County Assstant Attorney Mark Gbson, who has prosecuted
many kers, sad "You coud |ust fee the ev n them." Yet he sad of McVegh, "I
ooked at hm and reazed I fet no repuson or fear."
137. (103) Prme Tme Lve, 5/10/95.
138. (104) "Bography: McVegh, Part II," Media $y*ass, May, 1996. Myers woud
ater rescnd ths statement to me, sayng he thought McVegh was the "most
manaca terrorst n U.S. hstory."
139. (105) "An Ordnary Boy's Extraordnary Rage," Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
140. (106) Media $y*ass. May, 1996.
141. (2:40:*) Rea estate agent Anne Mare Ftzpatrck sad McVegh was "very
dynamc" and had "a twnke n hs eye and a sme." (Washin%ton )ost 7/2/95. )
142. (107) "An Ordnary Boy's Extraordnary Rage", Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
143. (108) Media $y*ass. 5/96.
144. (109) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
145. (110) Media $y*ass. May, 1996.
146. (111) Robert D. McFadden, "Terror n Okahoma: A Speca Report - |ohn Doe
No. 1, A Lfe of Sotude and Obsessons," New 'ork Times, 5/4/95.
147. (112)Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
441
148. (113) Media $y*ass. May, 1996.
149. (114) Lana Pada and Ron Dept, $y $lood $etrayed, (New York, NY: Harper
Cons, 1995), p. 63.
150. (2:43:*) Pada tod me ater that the nformaton about McVegh's so-caed
demotons expertse was provded by co-wrter Ron Dept.
151. (115) Davd Hackworth & Peter Annn, "The Suspect Speaks Out," Newsweek,
7/3/95.
152. (116) Newsweek, 5/15/95.
153. (117) |ohn Kfner, "The Gun Network: McVegh's Word - A Speca Report;
Bomb Suspect Fet at Home Rdng the Gun-Show Crcut." New 'ork Times, 7/5/95.
154. (118) FBI 302 Statement of Car. E. Lebron, |r., 4/22/95, copy n author's
possesson.
155. (119) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
156. (120) New 'ork Times, 5/4/95.
157. (121) Media $y*ass, March, 1995.
158. (122) New 'ork Times 5/4/95.
159. (123) Media $y*ass, March, 1995.
160. (124) New 'ork Times, 5/4/95.
161. (125) (+id.
162. Whe other soders and armen were quoted durng the war makng
statements ke "shootng fsh n a barre" . "We ht the |ackpot" . "a turkey
shoot," ony McVegh "ked Iraqs." For a detaed account of atroctes commtted
by U.S. forces, see: Ramsey Cark, The Fire This Time7 20S0 War !rimes in the ,ulf ,
(New York, NY: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992).
163. (126) Media $y*ass, March, 1995.
164. (127) "Okahoma Bombng Suspect: Unraveng a Frayed Lfe," New 'ork
Times, 12/31/95.
165. (128) Pada, Dept, O* !it., p. 153.
166. (129) Keth, O* !it., p. 41.
442
167. (130) "McVegh's Army Pas |on Bd to Save Hs Lfe," CNN, 6/9/97.
168. (131) Kenneth Stern, A Force 2*on the )lain7 The American Militia Moement
and the )olitics of 8ate, (New York, NY: Smon and Schuster, 1996), p. 190; New
'ork Times, 5/4/95.
169. Stern's book, wrtten on behaf of the Amercan |ewsh Commttee wth the
tact approva of the Ant-Defamaton League (ADL) of the B'Na B'rth, seeks to
competey dscredt a factons of the emergng Patrot and Mta movements.
Stern begns wth the premse that McVegh s guty, and then attempts to ndct
the mta movement by assocaton. Most a of Stern's sources derve from
manstream press accounts and ADL and SPLC (Southern Poverty Law Center)
reports. There s no ndcaton from hs source notes that the author ever
ntervewed any of McVegh's frends or assocates, or dd any ndependent
research on the bombng whatsoever.
170. (2:49:*) Rce s presdent of New Engand Investgatons. He teaches the ony
accredted course n the sub|ect of profng, and has testfed n state and federa
court n regards to handwrtng anayss, and Moore runs an executve assessment
frm n Washngton, D.C. that specazes n assessng personaty trats of
appcants based on ther handwrtng sampes.
171. (132) "Insde the Mnd of McVegh." Meda Bypass, Apr, 1996.
172. (133) "Bography: McVegh, Part II," Media $y*ass, May, 1996.
173. (134) New 'ork Times, 12/31/95.
174. (135) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
175. (136) New 'ork Times, 12/31/95.
176. (137) New 'ork Times, 5/4/95.
177. (138) New 'ork Times, 7/5/95.
178. (139) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
179. (140) "The Suspect Speaks Out," Newsweek. 7/3/95.
180. (141) Reeased by McVegh's attorney Stephen |ones to the Washin%ton )ost.
181. (142) Newsweek, 7/3/95.
182. (143) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
183. (144) Media $y*ass, March, 1995.
443
184. (145) Report of Investgaton, Davd B. Fechhemer, 12/13/96, addressed to
Stephen |ones, copy n author's possesson.
185. (146) Reeased by McVegh's attorney Stephen |ones to the Washin%ton )ost.
186. (147) New 'ork Times, 5/4/95.
187. (2:52:*) McVegh hmsef admtted that t "was deayed n my case."
188. (148) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95, 4/23/95.
189. (2:52:**) Ths was confrmed to me by Terry Nchos' ex-wfe, Lana Pada:
"Terry tod me that. Terry |ust sad that when he was n the Guf War, they had
mpanted that to keep track of hm."
190. (149) Genn Krawczk, "Mnd Contro and the New Word Order," Ne#us
magazne, Feb-March, 1993, quoted n Keth.
191. (150) (+id., p. 196.
192. (2:53:*) The frm does cassfed research for both NASA and the Ar Force,
and s a rankng subcontractor for Sentar, Inc., an advanced scence and
engneerng frm capabe, accordng to company terature, of creatng artfca
ntegence systems. Sentar's customers ncude the U.S. Army Space and
Strategc Defense Command, the Advanced Research Pro|ects Agency (see
dscusson of ARPA ater n ths chapter), Rockwe Internatona, Teedyne, Nchos
Research Corp. and TRW. Ther saes terature boasts a arge energy shock tunne,
radar factes "a rado-frequency (RF) smuator facty for evauatng eectronc
warfare technques." (Constantne)
193. (151) Constantne, O* !it.
194. (152) Ne#us, Feb-March, 1993, quoted n Keth.
195. (153) The U.S. Genera Accountng Offce ssued a report on September 28,
1994, whch stated that between 1940 and 1974, DOD and other natona securty
agences studed hundreds of thousands of human sub|ects n tests and
experments nvovng hazardous substances. GAO stated that some tests and
experments were conducted n secret. Medca research nvovng the testng of
nerve agents, nerve agent antdotes, psychochemcas, and rrtants was often
cassfed. Addtonay, some work conducted for DOD by contractors st remans
cassfed today. For exampe, the Centra Integence Agency (CIA) has not
reeased the names of 15 of the approxmatey 80 organzatons that conducted
experments under the MKULTRA program, whch gave psychochemca drugs to an
undetermned number of peope wthout ther knowedge or consent. Accordng to
the GAO report, the CIA has not reeased ths nformaton because the
organzatons do not want to be dentfed. ("Is Mtary Research Hazardous To
444
Veterans' Heath? Lessons Spannng Haf A Century," The Rockefeer Report
(Senator |ay Rockefeer), 12/8/94.)
196. (2:55:*) After hs arrest, Bryant sad that he had been "gotten to," and "had
been programmed." "Seepers" such as Bryant were most key programmed to k
ther vctms n order to precptate aw and order crack-downs, such as occurred n
the aftermath of the Austraan meee, where the government recenty outawed
amost a types of guns.
197. "A Cauton From Down Under," )ortland Free )ress, |uy/October, 1997.
198. (154) "A By the Book Offcer, 'Suspcous By Nature,' Spots Troube and acts
fast," New 'ork Times, 4/23/95.
199. (155) Dck Russe, The Man Who 4new Too Much, (New York, NY: Carro &
Graf), 1992, p. 679.
200. (156) Pro|ect MKULTRA, The CIA's Program of Research n Behavora
Modfcaton, |ont Hearng Before the Senate Commttee on Integence, 8/3/77.
U.S. Government Prntng Offce, 1977.
201. In fact, accordng to Ted Gundersen, West dd ndeed examne McVegh.
When pressed on the accuracy of hs source, Gundersen nssted he was "100
percent reabe."
202. Russe, O* !it., p. 211-212.
203. Martn A. Lee and Bruce Shan, Acid "reams7 The !(A/ 3S"/ and the Si#ties
Re+ellion (New York, NY: Grove Press, 1985), pp. 22, 189-90; Gordon Thomas,
Journey (nto Madness, Bantam Books, 1989.
204. The 1957 Amercan Psychatrc Assocaton roster notes that 1,253 of ts 7,104
members came from Germany and the Eastern European countres.
205. Tm Kesey, "The Okahoma Suspect Awats Day of Reckonng," 3ondon
Sunday Times, date unknown.
206. (157) Thomas, O* !it., p. 116.
207. (158) Russe, O* !it., p. 673.
208. (159) Wam M. Turner and |ohn G. Chrstan, The Assassination of Ro+ert F0
4ennedy7 A Searchin% 3ook at the !ons*iracy and !oer-2* :CM@-:CI@, (New York,
NY: Random House, p. 197), Ouoted n Constantne, p. 12.
209. (160) Russe, O* !it., p. 681.
445
210. (161) (+id., p. 675.
211. (162) (+id., p. 673. (Warren Commsson Report, Vo. 5, p. 105.)
212. Aex Constantne, )sychic "ictatorshi* in the 20S0A., (Portand, OR: Fera
House Press), 1995, p. 6.
213. Hugh MacDonad, A**ointment in "allas, Zebra, pp. 107-108, quoted n
Constantne, p. 6.
214. On February 7, 1976, Ambassador Water |. Stoesse, |r. tod some of the 125
members of hs staff that the Russans were usng mcrowaves beams to sten n
on conversatons nsde the embassy, and that such radaton coud be hazardous
to ther heath. (Pau Broudeur, The Na**in% of America, (New York, NY: W.W.
Norton) 1977, p. 95.
215. (+id., p. 95.
216. (163) (+id., p. 19.
217. (164) Art Ford & Lncon Lawrence, Were We !ontrolled, (New York, NY:
Unversty Books), 1967, quoted n Russe.
218. (165) Robert O. Becker, M.D. and Gary Seden, The $ody &lectric7
&lectroma%netism and the Foundation of 3ife, (New York, NY: Wam Morrow &
Co.), p. 1085, quoted n "Boeffects of Mcrowave Radaton," 2nclassfied, Vo. IV,
No. 3, |une/|uy, 1992, Natona Assocaton of Securty Aumn.
219. (166) Turner and Chrstan, O*0 !it0, Anthony Sampson, The Arms $asaar7
From 3e+anon to 3ockheed (New York, NY: Vkng Press, 1977), p. 276, quoted n
Constantne, p. 12.
220. (2:60:*) Apparenty, McVegh was not there the entre tme. Phone records
ndcate he made steady cas unt the 7th of Apr, when he was seen at a bar n
Tusa, Okahoma. The phone cas resume on Apr 11.
221. New 'ork Times, 5/4/95.
222. (+id.
223. (169) Sherman Skonck, !ons*iracy Nation, |une, 1996.
224. (170) Constantne, "The Good Soder."
225. (+id.
226. (+id.
446
227. In 1987, poce n Taahassee, Forda dscovered sx sma chdren vng n a
van drven by two men dressed n suts. The chdren were naked, brused and
drty, and actng ke anmas. They were unaware of the functon and purpose of
teephones, teevsons or toets. They were not aowed to ve ndoors, and were
ony gven food as a reward. The case was turned over to U.S. Customs agents,
who were contacted by detectves from the Washngton, D.C. Metropotan Poce
Dept., then nvestgatng a cut known as the "Fnders." When offcers searched the
ther premses, they dscovered nstructons for kdnappng and purchasng
chdren, avodng poce detecton, nformaton on the use of exposves and
terrorsm, and the nternatona transfer of currency. The offcers aso found a
photo abum showng pornographc photos of chdren, aduts and chdren
partcpatng n bood rtuas nvovng the dsembowement of goats, and an ater
surrounded wth |ars of urne and feces. Formery caed the "Seekers," the "cut"
was run by Maron Davd Pette. An unconfrmed memo states that Pette was
traned n counterntegence; hs CIA hander was Coone Leonard N. Wegner, a
career Ar Force and CIA operatve. When Customs agents attempted to foow up
on the MPD nvestgaton, they were tod that "the actvty of the Fnders had
become a CIA nterna matter. The MPD report has been cassfed secret and was
not avaabe for revew." Martnez was subsequenty "advsed that the FBI had
wthdrawn from the nvestgaton severa weeks pror and that the FBI Foregn
Counter Integence Dvson had drected MPD not to advse the FBI Washngton
Fed Offce of anythng that had transpred." What poce and Customs agents
were descrbng was undoubtedy part of Operaton "Monarch," a program of CIA
mnd contro nvovng the use of sma chdren rased n captvty to respond to
varous stmu nvoked by ther CIA captors. One of the chef fed operatves of
Operaton Monarch was none other than Mchae Aquno. (U.S. Customs Report:
Detectve |m Bradey of the Washngton, D.C. Metropotan Poce Dept. Dane
Brandt, Name $ase Newsline, No. 5, Apr-|une 1994: "Cuts, Ant-Cutsts, and the
Cut of Integence." Department of the Treasury, Unted States Customs Servce:
Report of Investgaton. Sub|ect: "Fnders." 2/12/87. Agent Raymond |. Martnez.)
Probaby the best known case s |onestown, a cut of over 900 foowers n Guyana
who commtted "mass sucde" n 1978. ed by the Reverend |m |ones. |onestown
was a vertabe prson where a the cassc mnd contro technques were utzed.
Whe tte more than a swamp, t nevertheess contaned a modern hospta, from
whch massve quanttes of behavora modfcaton drugs were recovered. One of
|ones' top ades, George Php Bakey, who recruted mercenares for the CIA n
Angoa, was the son-n-aw of Dr. Lawrence Layton, a former Army bochemca
warfare specast. Researchers have specuated that |onestown was part of the
CIA's MKULTRA experments. (|oe Hosnger, "Statement to the Forum Entted
'Psycho-Soca Impcatons of the |onestown Phenomenon,'" 23 May 1980, Myako
Hote, San Francsco, quoted n Brandt, Name $ase Newsline, No. 5, Apr-|une
1994: "Cuts, Ant-Cutsts, and the Cut of Integence.") "Guyanese troops
dscovered a arge cache of drugs, enough to contro the entre popuaton of
Georgetown, Guyana (pop. 200,000), for over a year. One footocker contaned
11,000 doses of Thorazne, a dangerous tranquzer, and others such as sodum
pentotha (truth serum), chora hydrate (a hypnotc), demero, Thaum (confuses
447
thnkng), haopareae and Largat (powerfu tranquzers) and many others. It was
very evdent that |onestown was a tghty-run concentraton camp, compete wth
medca and psychatrc expermentaton." Bo Grtz, !alled to Sere. The members
of |onestown were reported to have ded from cyande-aced punch, but many were
found shot-to-death by the compound's guards. The mtary purposefuy took over
a week to remove the bodes, ensurng, as n the Waco case, that no autopses
coud be performed. Natona Securty Advsor Brzeznsk's offce ordered that "a
potcay senstve papers and forms of dentfcaton" be removed from the
bodes, and |onestown's mysterous fnanca resources were found scattered n
banks and nvestments, estmated to be from $26 mon to $ 2 bon. (Kenneth
Wooden, The Chdren of |onestown (New York, NY: McGraw-H, 1981), p. 196,
quoted n Brandt.)
Another we-known case s the Tempe of Set, a satanc cut n San Francsco run
by former Army psychoogca warfare specast Lt. Coone Mchae Aquno, who
has wrtten about the contro of mass popuatons. Aquno was accused by an Army
Chapan of moestng severa young chdren at the Presdo. The case was
nvestgated by the SFPD, then turned over to the Army's C.I.D. (Crmna
Investgatons Dvson), where t was subsequenty dropped. Freedom of
Informaton Act requests I made about Aquno's nvestgaton whe edtor of the
Free )ress were stonewaed. Aquno hmsef pcked up on my nterest and began
bombardng me wth etters both dsmssng these and a reated aegatons as
"mass-hystera," whe backng up hs cams wth the threat of a be sut. (Aquno
once announced that he s the Dev ncarnate. I st wonder to ths day why the
Dev needed to take me to Muncpa Court to extract hs vengeance.)
228. Deposton of anonymous Nava Integence offcer, copy n author's
possesson.
229. (171) Brandon Stckney, All American Monster7 The 2nauthori-ed $io%ra*hy
of Timothy McVei%h (New York, NY: Prometheus Books, 1996), p. 226.
230. For an exceent account of the potenta of hynoss and ts use n mtary
appcatons, see Science "i%est, Apr 1971, "Hypnoss Comes of Age," by G.H.
Estabrooks.
231. Marchett and Marks, O* !it., p. 279.
232. (172) Scott Anderson, ",lo+e pubshers' Vet tour n mnd warfare," Now
Ma%a-ine, Toronto, Canada, 5/26/94, Ouoted n Keth, p. 179.
233. (2:62:*) Former ntegence operatve Gene "Chp" Tatum descrbed a recent
massve heron and cocane smuggng operaton beng run by rogue eements of
the U.S. Government across the Canadan border nto Montana wth the compcty
of oca offcas. "These offcas were recruted to assst n the smuggng
operatons, thnkng they were part of a government-sanctoned covert operaton."
448
(Excerpt of a etter from Tatum to the Montana Senate |udcary Commttee,
3/22/97).
234. (173) Gene Wheaton, memo, copy n author's possesson; ntervew wth
author.
235. Ptzer was ater found "sucded" ke Admra Boorda, shot n the chest wth a .
45. The eft-handed Ptzer was found hodng the gun n hs rght hand. As Crag
Roberts wrtes n JF47 The "ead Witnesses, "Ptzer, a consummate note taker and
maker, eft no sucde note, and no autopsy report was ever reeased to ether the
pubc or the famy.. a references to Ptzer beng present at the autopsy of |ohn
F. Kennedy have been removed from government records." Nether does Ptzer's
famy beeve he commtted sucde.
236. (174) |ay Wrostad, "Smokng Gun: Does Dan Marvn Have Evdence of a
Kennedy Assassnaton Conspracy?" The (thaca Times, 8/22/96; Frankn Crawford,
"Loca Man Tes |FK Story," The (thaca Journal, 11/16/95; Dane Marvn, "Bts &
Peces: A Green Beret on the Perphery of the |FK Assassnaton," The Fourth
"ecade, May, 1995; Coone Dane Marvn, ntervew on Tex Marrs' Word of
Prophecy, WWCR shortwave, 4/20/96. Marvn's authentcty and credbty have
been estabshed by respected Kennedy researchers, as we as Professor L. Pearce
Wams of Corne Unversty, and |acquene Powers, former managng edtor of
the (thaca Journal, who sad "|Co. Marvn| had evdence to back up what he was
camng. I beeve hm. Everythng he has sad to me has been true; he's wng to
te what he knows, whch can't be easy for hm."
237. Captan Davd V. Vanek, who took the assassnaton course wth Marvn, was
aegedy asked by the CIA to assassnate Ptzer after Marvn refused. Vanek dened
the aegatons n an affvavt.
238. (175) |onathan Kwtny, The !rimes of )atriots (New York, NY: Smon &
Schuster, 1987), p. 103; Affdavt of Coone Edward P. Cutoo, commander of the
10th Speca Forces Group (Arborne), 1st Speca Forces, 3/11/80, copy n author's
possesson.
239. (176) Hoppy Hedeberg, ntervew wth author.
240. (177) "The Gundersen Report on the Bombng of the Afred P. Murrah Federa
Budng, Okahoma Cty, Okahoma, Apr 19, 1995, copy n author's possesson.
241. (178) Russe, O* !it.
242. (179) "Somethng Bg s Gong to Happen," Time Ma%a-ine, 5/8/95.
243. (180) Washin%ton )ost, 5/4/95.
449
244. (2:66:*) The term "sheep-dpped" s best carfed by former CIA-Department
of Defense ason L. Fetcher Prouty, n hs cassc work on the CIA, The Secret
Team (Prentce Ha). "It s an ntrcate Army-devsed process by whch a man who
s n the servce as a fu career soder or offcer agrees to go through a the ega
and offca motons of resgnng from the servce. Then, rather than actuay beng
reeased, hs records are pued from the Army personne fes and transferred to a
speca Army ntegence fe. Substtute but nonetheess rea-appearng records
are then processed, and the man "eaves" the servce."
245. (195) New 'ork Times, 4/23/95.
246. (196) "Terror n Okahoma: The Suspect; Arzona Neghbors Reca a Man's
Love of Weaponry and 'Poor Atttude'", New 'ork Times, 4/23/95.
247. (197) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
248. (198) Maryn Hart, Intervew wth author, 1/15/96 & 4/1/96.
249. (199) Rob Rangn, Intervew wth author, 4/1/96.
250. (200) |ohn Kfner, "Arzona Traer Park Owner Remembered the Wrong Man,"
New 'ork Times, 4/25/95.
251. (201) Maryn Hart, Intervew wth author, 1/15/96.
252. (202) New 'ork Times, 4/23/95.
253. (203) Steve Wmsen and Mark Eddy, "Who bombed the Murrah Budng?"
"ener )ost, date unknown.
254. (204) FBI 302 of Lebron, O* !it.
255. (205) Patrck E. Coe, "I'm |ust Lke Anyone Ese," Time, 4/15/96.
256. (206) "An Ordnary Boy's Extraordnary Rage", Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
257. (207) New 'ork Times, 4/24/95.
258. (208) Mark Schaffer, "Gun Cass Sheds New Lght On McVegh," The Ari-ona
Re*u+lic, 5/28/95, quoted n Keth.
259. (209) New 'ork Times, 12/31/95.
260. (210) Kevn Fynn and Lou Kzer, "|ohn Doe 2 Remans a Mystery: OKC
Bombng Case's Unknown Suspect Coud be More Than One Man, Investgators
Beeve," Rocky Mountain News, 3/3/97.
450
261. (211) New 'ork Times, 4/24/95.
262. (*) The chd protectve servces went to the compound, knocked on the door,
waked n, and ntervewed the chdren. They found no evdence of abuse and eft.
263. (*) Ths w be expored more fuy n Voume Two.
264. (212) Media $y*ass, March, 1995.
265. (213) New 'ork Times, 7/5/95.
266. (214) Tm Kesey, "The Okahoma Suspect Awats Day of Reckonng," 3ondon
Sunday Times/ ?FB:FCM.
267. (215) Robert Vto, "Three Soders," CNN News, 8/9/95.
268. (216) Tra of Tmothy McVegh.
269. (217) Openng statement of ead prosecutor |oseph Hartzer at Tmothy
McVegh's tra.
270. (218) Howard Pankartz and George Lane, "Sster Testfes Aganst Brother,"
"ener )ost, 5/6/97.
271. (219) George Lane, "Letters Provde Damagng Evdence," "ener )ost/
DFMFCIL "Sster's Roe Seen as Pvto," "ener )ost, 5/6/97.
272. (220) Time, 5/1/95.
273. (221) New 'ork Times, 5/4/95.
274. (222) "Okahoma Bombng Potted for Months, Offcas Say, but Suspect Is Not
Takng," New 'ork Times, 4/25/95, quoted n Keth, p. 28.
275. (*) Nchos' dscharge n the sprng of 1989 for "hardshp" reasons s aso
nterestng. Another parae s that of Thomas Martnez, the FBI nftrator wthn
the radca rght Sent Brotherhood, who was gven an honorabe dscharge durng
basc tranng. The Army choose not to expaned why. (Keth, O* !it.)
276. (223) Emma Gbey, "Brothers n Arms wth a Destructve Hobby," 3ondon
Sunday Tele%ra*h, 3/24/95.
277. (224) Affdavt of FBI Agent Patrck W. Wease.
278. (225) Newsweek, 5/15/95.
279. (226) Robert |erow, ntervew wth author.
451
280. (*) The etter to the grfrend apparenty was ndcatve of pans to bomb
other ocatons. Interestng that the suspect woud eave such an curousy
ncrmnatng tra of evdence.
281. (227) New 'ork Times, 7/5/95.
282. (228) Datene, NBC, 2/13/96.
283. (229) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
284. (230) New 'ork Times, 7/5/95.
285. (231) (+id0L Washin%ton )ost, 7/5/95.
286. (232) The S*otli%ht, 5/26/97.
287. (*) Catna tod 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h reporter Ambrose Evans-Prtchard
that the man was "aways" there. "He seemes out of pace, but he was aways
around."
288. (233) |m Garrson, On the Trail of the Assassins, (New York, NY: Warner
Books, 1988), p. 157.
289. (*) In a rather prophetc statement, Mchae Forter's mother was heard to
remark that McVegh ed "a doube fe."
290. (234) Media $y*ass, 3/95; New 'ork Times, 7/5/95.
291. (235) Beth Hawkns, "The Mchgan Mta Greet the Meda Crcus," "etroit
Metro Times, 3/26/95.
292. (236) Davd Van Bema, Time, 6/26/95.
293. (*) In what may appear to be an omnous concdence, America in )eril made
ts debut |ust as the ATF and FBI were makng ther own apocayptc pans for the
Branch Davdans n Waco, Texas.
294. (**) The Mchgan Mta has offcay dsowned hm.
295. (237) Washin%ton )ost, 7/2/95.
296. (238) Ken Armstrong, No Amateur "id This (Aptos, CA: Backeye Press, 1996),
p. 17.
297. (*) Interestngy, |ennfer was found burnng papers on an outdoor gr when
the FBI showed up on Apr 23.
452
298. (239) |.D. Cash, "McVegh's Sster Laundered Bank Robbery Proceeds: ATF
Surveance Confrmed by Informant," Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 1/28/97.
299. (*) Interestngy, authortes woudn't fnd any traces of ammonum ntrate n
these ockers.
300. (*) As ponted out prevousy, FBI chef chemst Frederck Whtehurst, who
tested McVegh's cothes, sad no exposve resdue was found. Whtehurst has
snce gone on to pubcy accuse the FBI of manufacturng and tantng evdence n
dozens of cases.
301. (240) Arnod Hamton, "Bombng Accounts are Vared," "allas Mornin% News,
10/8/95.
302. (241) Conne Smth, ntervew wth author. These accounts appeared n the
Mc!urtain ,a-ette, The New American, and the "ener )ost, among other paces.
303. (242) Dr. Pau Heath, ntervew wth author.
304. (243) Hoppy Hedeberg, ntervew wth author.
305. (244) Trsh Wood, The Ffth Estate, Canadan Broadcastng Corporaton; |.D.
Cash, "Is a Vdeotape From a Tusa Topess Bar the 'Smokng Gun' n Okahoma
Cty Bombng?" Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 9/25/96.
306. (245) Tony Boer, Assstant Pro|ect Manager, Goodw Industres, ntervew
wth author.
307. (246) |ane Graham, ntervew wth author. Graham s a frend and co-worker
of |oan's.
308. (247) |.D. Cash, Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/14/96.
309. (248) Shere, confdenta ntervew wth author.
310. (*) She saw the truck at 6:00 a.m. at the dner, then t eft before 7:00 a.m.
She then saw t at Geary Lake n the afternoon on her way to |uncton Cty, then
saw t there on return trp around 3:00-4:00 p.m. The manstream-press orgnay
sad Whttenberg saw the truck on Tuesday, parrotng the FBI's ne that McVegh
had rented the truck on the 17th.
311. (249) Dan Parker, "McVegh Defense Ouestons Co-Defendant's Cam," "aily
Oklahoman, date unknown; Steve Wmsen and Mark Eddy, "Who bombed the
Murrah Budng?" "ener )ost, date unknown; Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt
of Mandamus, 3/25/97, p. 36.
312. (250) Lnda Kuhman and Physs Kngsey, ntervews wth author.
453
313. (251) Mark Eddy, "Wtnesses te a dfferent story," "ener )ost, 6/16/96.
314. (*) What s nterestng s that McVegh's frend |ames Nchos sad that
McVegh never wore a baseba cap, much ess backwards. He sad McVegh ony
wore an Army-ssue cap.
315. (252) Chuck Aen, ntervew wth author.
316. (253) (+id.
317. (254) |ane Graham, ntervew wth author. Graham s a frend and co-worker
of |ohnston's.
318. (*) It s nterestng that McVegh woud choose to hang around the scene of
the crme, aong wth hs easy dentfabe yeow Mercury Marqus, mnutes after
t occurred. |ohnston descrbed the |ohn Doe 2 as shorter and darker than McVegh.
319. (255) "Feds Charge Terry Nchos n Bombng," 3os An%eles Times, 5/10/95,
quoted n Keth, p. 185.
320. (256) FBI FD-383 (FBI Faca Identfcaton Fact Sheet) of Tom Kessnger, dated
4/20/95, copy n author's possesson.
321. (257) 3ondon Sunday Times, 4/21/96.
322. (258) Affdavt of FBI Speca Agent Henry C. Gbbons, 4/21/95, copy n
author's possesson.
323. (259) Garrson, O* !it., p.65, 77.
324. (260) $id, p.66.
325. (261) (+id., p. 79.
326. (262) |ue DeCour, "Informant Says Tusan Taked About Loca, OC
Bombngs," Tulsa World, 2/9/97.
327. (263) "TNT, $5 a stck. Need more. Ca after 1 May, see f I can get some
more."
328. (264) Wam Pepper, Orders to 4ill7 The Truth $ehind the Murder of "r0
Martin 3uther 4in%, (New York, NY: Caro & Graf), 1995, p.156.
329. (265) 3ondon Sunday Times, 4/21/96.
330. (266) Kevn |ohnson, "McVegh Lawyer Says FBI Agents Usng Trckery," 2SA
Today, 8/14/95, quoted n Keth, O* !it, p. 57.
454
331. (267) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
332. (268) Bob Papovch, ntervew wth author.
333. (269) "A Look at Terry Nchos," Assocated Press, 4/5/96.
334. (270) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author, Dane Sawyer, ABC News Prme
Tme Lve, 5/10/95.
335. (271) Pada and Dept, O* !it., p. 36.
336. (272) Assocated Press, 4/5/96.
337. (273) Steve Wmsen and Mark Eddy, "Who bombed the Murrah Budng?"
"ener )ost, date unknown.
338. (274) Serge F. Kovaesk, "In a Mrror, Nchos Saw a Vctm," Washin%ton )ost,
7/3/95.
339. (275) "A ook at Terry Nchos," Assocated Press, 4/5/96.
340. (276) Media $y*ass, date unknown.
341. (277) (+id.
342. (278) Kovaesk, O* !it.
343. (279) Pada and Dept,O* !it., p. 168.
344. (280) Keth, O* !it., p. 179.
345. (281) Kovaesk, O* !it.
346. (*) In October of 1959, Lee Harvey Oswad appeared suddeny at the
Amercan Embassy n Moscow, and dramatcay handed over hs U.S. Passport and
a etter renouncng hs Amercan ctzenshp.
347. (282) Assocated Press, 4/5/96.
348. (283) Kovaesk, O* !it.
349. (284) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
350. (285) Ezabeth Geck, "Who Are They? The Okahoma bast reveas the
paranod fe and tmes of accused bomber Tmothy McVegh and hs rght-wng
assocates." Time, 5/1/95.
455
351. (286) (+id.
352. (287) Barbara Whttenberg, ntervew wth author.
353. (288) Washin%ton )ost, 7/3/95.
354. (289) "ener )ost, date unknown.
355. (290) Kovaesk, O* !it..
356. (291) Pada and Dept, O* !it., p.3.
357. (*) When I questoned her about ths apparent contradcton, she tod me her
ater statement was correct, and the book's account was wrong.
358. (292) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
359. (**) Nchos became nterested n seng mtary surpus n December of 93'
to Apr of 94' accordng to Pada.
360. (293) Pada and Dept, O* !it., p. 6; ntervew wth author.
361. (294) KFOR ntervew wth Lana Pada. Intervew wth author.
362. (295) Pada, O* !it., p.5, 9.
363. (296) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
364. (297) Pada, O* !it., p. 12.
365. (298) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
366. (299) Lou Kzer and Kevn Foyd, "McVegh Team Tres Agan for Deay,"
Rocky Mountain News, 3/26/97; Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus,
3/25/97.
367. (300) Teephone records of Terry Nchos, copy n author's possesson.
368. (*) Earer, McVegh had tod Pada, "I' wrte to hm (Nchos), but I guess I'd
better do t n code, because there are a ot of nosy peope."
369. (301) Davd |ackson, Lnnet Myers, Fynn McRoberts, !hica%o Tri+une,
5/11/95.
370. (302) Pada and Dept, O* !it., p. 201.
456
371. (*) Nchos' attorney Mchae Tgar camed hs cent's use of aases whe
rentng the storage ockers was to prevent the credt card companes from comng
after hm.
372. (*) McVegh Defense attorney Chrstopher Trtco questoned the anayss,
notng the FBI aboratory sn't accredted by any agency for such a test. Trtco aso
used photographs of a test hoe dred nto ead by the bt to argue that grooves
and scratches ddn't resembe those n the hoe cosey enough to ca them a
match.
373. (303) |.D. Cash, Mc!urtain ,a-ette, date unknown.
374. (304) "McVegh Appeas Convcton, Sentence," Reuters, 1/16/98.
375. (305) Barbara Whttenberg, ntervew wth author.
376. (306) Noan Cay, Robby Tramme, Dana Badwn and Randy Es, "Nchos,
Bomb Materas Lnked," "aily Oklahoman, date unknown.
377. (307) |err-Lynn Backhous, ntervew wth author.
378. (308) Dornda |. "Wendy" Hermes, ntervew wth author.
379. (*) Buter and Sne aso reportedy had connectons to |ack Ophant of
Kngman, Arzona.
380. (309) New 'ork Times, 5/20/95.
381. (310) Edward Zehr, "Okahoma Cty Cover-up Exposed: But the Manstream
Meda are St n Dena," Washin%ton Weekly, 2/17/97.
382. (311) "The Company They Keep," Transcrpt of the Canadan Broadcastng
Company "Ffth Estate" pece on Okahoma Cty, orgnay broadcast on 22 October
1996, Host, Bob Oxey, Voce-Over Announcer, Trsh Wood, Francne Peeter;
Guest, Robert Mar, Leader, Eohm Cty; Kerry Nobe, Formery Of CSA; Steven
|ones, Tmothy McVegh's Lawyer; |oe Adams, Baff; Ross Mceod, Securty Agency
Owner.
383. (312) Warren Gotcher, ntervew wth author.
384. (313) Anthony Thornton, "Bomb Pans Found n Defendant's Home, FBI Agent
Testfes," The "aily Oklahoman, 4/3/96. "Anthony Thornton, "Three Defendants
Found Guty n Bomb Pot, The "aily Oklahoman. date unknown.
385. (314) |udy Thomas, "We Are Not Dangerous, Leader of Separatsts Says"
4ansas !ity Star, 3/17/96.
457
386. (315) Mark Fazoah, Mchae Matza, Maureen Graham and Larry Kng, "FBI:
Hest Tra Led to Whte Supremacsts," )hiladel*hia (n9uirer, 6/30/96.
387. (*) Mathews hmsef was the Northwest representatve of Wam Perce's
Natona Aance.
388. (316) "Bank Bandts Ted to Rghtsts," Assocated Press, 1/21/96; |.D. Cash
wth |eff Hoaday, "Rebes Wth a Cause, Part 3: The Aryan Repubcan Army,
Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 12/29/96.
389. (317) B Morn, "Devoted to Makng Naton 'Ungovernabe': Group Patterns
ts Organzaton After Irsh Repubcan Army," S*okesman-Reiew, 12/29/96.
390. (318) |.D. Cash, "The Spy Who Came n From the Cod," Mc!urtain "aily
,a-ette, 2/11/97.
391. (319) |.D. Cash wth |eff Hoaday, "Rebes Wth a Cause, Part Four: An Ex-
Wfe's Suspcons In The OKBOMB Case," Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 12/31/96.
392. (320) Andreas Strassmer, ntervew wth author.
393. (321) |udy L. Thomas, "Man Target of Bank Robbery Inqury," 4ansas !ity
Star, 1/29/97.
394. (322) Ambrose Evans-Prtchard, The Secret 3ife of $ill !linton7 The 2nre*orted
Stories (Washngton, DC: Regnery), p. 80.
395. (*) It may be teng that part of Strassmer's tranng nvoved feedng peope
dsnformaton.
396. (323) Prtchard, O* !it0L Wam |asper, "More Peces to the OKC Puzze," The
New American, 6/24/96.
397. (324) February, 1996 press reease from the Cause Foundaton, quoted n The
New American.
398. (*) Around the same tme, the caer teephoned the Natona Aance offce n
Arzona. The Natona Aance s the organzaton formed by Wam Perce, who
wrote The Turner "iaries.
399. (325) Laura Frank, "Okahoma Cty Probe May Touch Tennessee," The
Tennessean, 6/30/96.
400. (326) |.D. Cash, "Is a Vdeotape From a Tusa Topess Bar the 'Smokng Gun' n
Okahoma Cty Bombng?" Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 9/25/96.
401. (327) |udy Thomas, 4ansas !ity Star, 3/17/96.
458
402. (328) Denns Mahon, ntervew wth Wam |asper.
403. (329) Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/97, pp. 44-45.
404. (330) |eff Stenberg, ntervew wth author.
405. (331) The members, Gene Schroder, Avn |enkns, and Ed Petrusk, met wth
Iraq Ambassador Mohammed Mashat before the start of Desert Storm. The Iraqs
took notce of the group's patrotc actvtes, and nvted them to Washngton.
"They were hopng to open up negotatons wth Amerca," expaned Schroder, a
farmer and veternaran from Campo, Coorado. "They knew that we'd meet wth
them and push the ssue some wth our Representatves and Congressmen." The
entre affar was competey egtmate and we-pubczed, havng been reported
n at east one oca newspaper n Coorado. The Consttutonasts and ant-war
actvsts aso had the support of Senators Hank Brown and Bob Doe. "We caed
the State Department and everythng was ceared," they expaned. Yet t seemed
|ones' was tryng to portray the meetng as part of a broader conspracy between
Iraqs and Amercan dssdents. The attorney referred to the three men as Posse
Comtatus members - a tax-protest organzaton of the md-'80s wth ant-Semtc
overtones and connectons to whte supremacst groups. A three dened
beongng to the group. |ones then mentoned that Petrusk ved an hour's drve
from bombng defendant Terry Nchos' house. Petrusk dened knowng Nchos.
(Eugene Schroder, Avn |enkns, and Ed Petruske, ntervews wth author; Tmothy
McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/97.)
406. (*) Athough |ones ony refers to "Suspect I," t s we-known that he s
referrng to Nchos, because he says he was "A sub|ect of the FBI and Grand |ury
nvestgaton.." There were ony two peope nvestgated by the Federa Grand
|ury: Tmothy McVegh and Terry Nchos.
407. (332) Prtchard, O* !it., 3/30/97.
408. (333) Ingo Hassebach wth Tom Ress, Fuhrer-&#7 Memoirs of a Former Neo-
Na-i (New York, NY: Random House, 1996), p. 215; |ohn Mchae |ohnston,
"Investgatve Report Concernng Fact-Fndng Trp to Germany," 5/15/96, copy n
author's possesson.
409. (*) The E Rukn case s documented n the Federa Reporter n 2nites States 0
McAnderson, 914 F. 2d 934 (7th Cr. 1990). "The E Rukns sought to mpress the
Lbyans and to demonstrate the depth of ther commtment by dscussng specfc
terrorst acts, among them destroyng a government budng, pantng a bomb,
bowng up an arpane, and smpy commttng a wanton 'kng here and a kng
there' to get the Lbyans' attenton. Eventuay, the eader of the E Rukns decded
that the Lbyans woud ony be mpressed by the use of powerfu exposves."
(|ones, Wrt of Mandamus, p. 85)
459
410. (334) "Back Hstory and the Cass Strugge," The Se*aratist 3ea%ue, No. 11,
August, 1994. In a etter to hs foowers concernng hs strange aance wth the
NOI, Rockwe wrote: "I was amazed to earn how much they and I agree on thngs:
they thnk that backs shoud get out of ths country and go back to Afrca or to
some other pace and so do we. They want to get back men to eave whte women
aone, and whte men to eave back women aone, and so do we. The Honorabe
E|ah Muhammad and I have worked out an agreement of mutua assstance n
whch they w hep us on some thngs and we w hep them on others.("
411. (335) Washin%ton Times, 9/30/85.
412. (336) Ambrose Evans-Prtchard, "IRA supped detonator for Okahoma terror
bomb," 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h, 3/30/97.
413. (*) Brtsh offcas no doubt took the mpcatons serousy. |ones had spent
consderabe tme consutng wth Brtsh exposves experts who panned to testfy
on behaf of the defense, as we as offcas from MI5, Brtan's domestc
ntegence servce and even an unnamed IRA member.( (Assocate Press,
3/30/97.)
414. (337) Tom Conon and Heen Curtn, "u+lin Sunday Times, 7/13/97, quoted n
Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/15/97.
415. (338) Rta Cosby reportng, KOKH, FOX, 4/2/97; Andreas Strassmer, ntervew
wth author.
416. (*) Informaton obtaned from the Mtary Records Center by Ambrose Evans-
Prtchard reveas that Petrusk served n the Ar Force Offce of Speca
Investgatons (OSI), retrng n 1975. Hs daance wth the mtary ncuded a stnt
as a Foregn Integence Offcer n Vetnam, then Speca Pro|ects Offcer, Speca
Actvtes Branch, Counterntegence Dvson n Washngton, D.C. He was
reactvated wth a "senstve" assgnment durng the Guf War.
417. (339) "Strassmer, OKC, And The CIA," The New American, 7/22/96.
418. (340) Ph Bacharach, "Castng Doubts: Were Others Invoved n the Federa
Budng Bombng?" Oklahoma ,a-ette, 2/13/97.
419. (*) Curousy, when the FBI quered varous federa aw-enforcement and
ntegence agences to determne f Strassmer was a cooperatng wtness or a
confdenta nformant, ony the CIA reported that t hed any records on hm. These
records were turned over to prosecutors, but not made avaabe to McVegh's
defense team, despte a court order compeng ther dscosure.
420. (341) |.D. Cash, wth |eff Hoaday "Weeks Before OKC Bombng, ATF Had
'Wanted' Posters On Strassmer," Mc!urtain !ounty ,a-ette, 7/28/96.
460
421. (342) |.D. Cash, "Agents Probe OKC Bombng Lnks To Bank Robberes,"
Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/16/96.
422. (*) Interestngy, cases nvovng voence or panned voence by mtas from
around the U.S. show a recurrng theme of government penetraton and nftraton
of mta groups. For exampe, testmony n the Muskogee bombng case showed
that the FBI was teray payng the operatng expenses, ncudng the phone bs
for the Tr-State Mta.
423. (*) OHP pot Ken Stafford, ATF techncan Pat McKney, and actng ATF SAC
Tommy Wttman few over Eohm Cty on February 7, 1995, and reported to Fney-
Graham.
424. (*) BATF regona drector Lester Martz denes that the BOLO was put out by
the ATF.
425. (343) Tusa Poce Integence, confdenta ntervew wth author.
426. (344) An INS memo of |anuary 10 stated: "Per your note, I taked to Angea
Fney, ATF. It may be awhe before the sub|ect s contacted or arrested, but we
w probaby be caed to assst."
427. (*) It seems the ATF and FBI were aso concerned about the possbty of an
"ntramura fre fght" between ther respectve agences at Eohm Cty.
428. (345) Cash, O* !it.
429. (*) Howe's aegatons of federa mafeasance dovetaed wth those of federa
nformant Cary Gagan, who was nsde the Mdde Eastern ce ted to the bombng.
430. (346) Prtchard, O* !it.
431. (347) (+id0L The OHP offcer who made the arrest was Vernon Phps.
432. (348) |.D. Cash, Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/14/96. Denns Mahon aso
admtted that Strassmer worked for the GSG-9.
433. (*) The FBI ddn't go to any great engths to queston Strassmer, nor hs
roommate Mchae Bresca. Months after the bombng, the FBI paces a esurey
ca to Strassmer's home n Bern. They made no attempt to queston or arrest
Bresca.
434. (**) When Mdde Eastern suspect Hussan a-Hussan came under scrutny by
KFOR and other nvestgators for hs roe n the bombng, the FBI "debunked" the
"rumors" about hm, too. Was he aso an agent? (See Chapter 6)
461
435. (349) |.D. Cash and |eff Hoday, "Weeks Before Bombng, ATF Had Out
"Wanted" Posters, Mc!urtain ,a-ette, 7/29/96, quoted n American Freedom,
September, 1996.
436. (*) The ostensbe purpose of the rad was to recover bomb-makng materas
- materas whch had been obtaned by Howe at the request of her ATF hander -
Fney-Graham!
437. (350) |.D. Cash, "Controversy Over Howe's True Loyates Become Focus of
Her Tra," Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/30/97.
438. (351) |.D. Cash, Mc!urtain ,a-ette, 7/14/96. The source camed that
cassfed computer records of the ATF contaned evdence that Strassmer was
ndeed a key component n the agency's esponage operaton at Eohm Cty, and
numerous neo-Naz groups throughout the country.
439. (352) 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h. date unknown.
440. (353) "Hate and the Law: Krk Lyons, Esq." Ant-Defamaton League, S*ecial
&dition, |une, 1991.
441. (354) Lyons had ths to say about Mahon n an ntervew wth Volkstreue, a
German Neo-Naz magazne: "I have great respect for the Kan hstorcay but
sady, the Kan today s neffectve and sometmes even destructve. There are
many spes n t and most of ts best eaders have eft the Kan to do more effectve
work wthn the movement. It woud be good f the Kan foowed the advce of
former Kansman Robert Mes: 'Become nvsbe. Hang the robes and hoods n the
cupboard and become an underground organzaton.' Ths woud make the Kan
stronger than ever before."
442. (355) Ambrose Evans-Prtchard & Andrew Gmson, "Dd Agents Bunge US
Terror Bomb?", date unknown. Some of the daogue was added from Prtchard's
1997 reease, The Secret 3ife of $ill !linton(Washongton, DC: Regnery), p. 90.
443. (*) "When The New American asked Evans-Prtchard f he beeved Strassmer
was referrng to hmsef when speakng n the thrd person of the 'nformant,' he
reped, 'Of course, there's no doubt that s exacty what he meant to convey. He
was statng t as pany as he coud' wthout admttng crmna cupabty on hs
own part." (Wam |asper, "Eohm, Terror and Truth," The New American/
EFE:FCI0=
444. (356) Andreas Strassmer, ntervew wth author.
445. (357) Aex Constantne, "The Nazfcaton of the Ctzen's Mtas and the
Transformaton of Tmothy McVegh from Hyper-Mtary 'Robot' to Mad Bomber,"
12/9/95.
462
446. (358) Petton for Wrt of Mandamus of Tmothy McVegh, 3/25/97, p. 44.
447. (359) Constantne, O* !it.
448. (360) (+id.
449. (361) Wam |asper, "Eohm, Terror, and Truth," New American, 3/31/97.
450. (362) Chares, O* !it. In her report of September 26, 1994, Fney-Graham
ndcates that Mahon "gave 183 approxmatey 2 feet of green safety fuse, a can of
gun powder and a pastc funne," and sad he woud "nstruct 183 how to assembe
hand grenades."
451. (363) |ames Rdgeway, "Lone Assassns?: A Seres of Arrests May Lnk the
Okahoma Cty Bombng Suspects to a Larger Pot," Villa%e Voice, 2/5/97; Mark
Eddy, "Others Eyed n Bomb Probe?" "ener )ost, 1/29/97.
452. (364) Cash, O* !it.
453. (365) Zehr, O* !it.
454. (*) Accordng to reports, t was Cash who "persuaded" Mahon to make the
recordng.
455. (366) ATF ROI 53270-94-0124-B, 1/11/95.
456. (367) (+id.
457. (368) Letter read nto testmony at Howe's tra.
458. (369) ATF ROI, 9/26/94. "Andy aso tod 183 that there exsts a back market
deaer who can get grenades, C-4 and a range of exposves."
459. (*) Dawson was aso a pad nformant for the Greensboro Poce Department.
460. (**) Wth a map of the parade route supped by Greensboro Poce
Department Detectve |erry Cooper, Dawson, Butkovch, and ther KKK and neo-
Naz comrades were abe to seect the most advantageous ste for ther ambush.
Athough Cooper and other offcers surveed the house where the kers had
assembed and took down cense numbers, they nexpcaby decded to take a
unch break ess then 45 mnutes before the march. By the tme the shootng
started, the tactca squad assgned to montor the demonstraton was st out to
unch. Even more nexpcaby, two offcers respondng to a domestc ca at the
Mornngsde pro|ects, the ste of the CWP march, noted the suspcous absence of
patro cars usuay assgned to the area. One of the cops, Offcer Wse, ater
reported recevng a bzarre ca from poce dspatch, advsng hm to "cear the
area as soon as possbe." The ncdent resuted n an ATF/FBI-ed cover-up smar
463
n most respects to the Okahoma Cty whtewash, wth most of the suspects beng
acqutted of frst degree murder charges. Echong the facttous rants of federa
offcas n Okahoma, FBI Drector Wam Webster caed the charges of federa
compcty "uttery absurd." Athough the kers had been recruted, organzed and
ed on ther murderous rampage by ATF and FBI operatves, none ever served a
day of |a-tme. ((*) Frank Donner, )rotectors of )riile%e7 Red S9uads and )olice
Re*ression in America/ (Berkeey and Los Angees, CA, Unversty of Caforna
Press: 1990), p. 360; Mchae Novck, "Bue by Day, Whte by Nght: Organzed
Whte Supremacst Groups n Law Enforcement Agences," Peope Aganst Racst
Terror, 2/3/93, p. 3.)
461. (370) Ivo Dawnay, "Informant Accuses FBI Over Okahoma Bomb," &lectronic
Tele%ra*h, 7/20/97.
462. (*) |ust as federa nformant Cary Gagan provded the FBI and U.S. Marshas
wth warnngs.
463. (371) Kay Carke, ntervew wth author. Snder's haf-sster, Kay Carke,
testfed that she drew the composte sketch of the man Snder saw.
464. (372) Dana Badwn and Ed Godfrey, "Separatst Asks for Immunty -
Wtness Takes the Ffth Before Grand |ury," "aily Oklahoman, 7/17/97.
465. (373) Ambrose Evans-Prtchard, "'Master of Dsguse' Ready to Run," 3ondon
Sunday Tele%ra*h, 3/30/97.
466. (374) Dana Badwn, "Former Kansman Identfes Aryan Leader as |ohn Doe
2," "aily Oklahoman, 10/8/97.
467. (375) Cash, O* !it.
468. (*) When McVegh's defense team asked federa prosecutors for Howe's
reports n pre-tra dscovery, they were nformed the records ddn't exst. When t
was shown that the records dd ndeed exst, an angry |udge Matsch ordered the
records devered to the defense and threatened the prosecutors wth remova
from the case f they ed one more tme.
469. (*) Fney-Graham admtted durng Howe's subsequent tra that she was sted
as an "actve nformant" through December 18, 1996, but offered an nterestng
expanaton for that status. Both Fney-Graham and federa prosecutors camed
that removng her from the offca stng mght have ed to the destructon of
records regardng the bombng. "That was especay ntrgung and troubng,"
wrtes New American edtor B |asper, "because t eft unanswered who woud
have destroyed whch records, and why any records concernng the deadest
terrorst attack on Amercan so woud have been destroyed, especay whe the
nvestgaton s ongong and a tra s pendng."
464
470. (376) Wam F. |asper, "Undercover: The Howe Reveatons," The New
American, 9/15/97.
471. (*) Her ve-n neo-Naz boyfrend, |ames Vefhaus |r., had been arrested
earer for aegedy promotng a ca-n message advocatng the bombng of federa
budngs n 15 dfferent ctes. The message, reportedy connected to the Natona
Socast Aance of Okahoma, aso endorsed the Apr 19th bombng. The FBI
camed to have dscovered bomb-makng materas n Vefhaus' home.
472. (377) "Ex-Informant Indcted on Charges," Assocated Press, 3/13/97,
Indctment No. 97-CR-05-C, Northern Dstrct of Okahoma, 3/11/97.
473. (378) Rchard Leby, "How a Wheaton Kd Became a Neo-Naz Bank Robber,
and One Confused Human," Washin%ton )ost, 2/13/97.
474. (379) |ames Rdgeway, Villa%e Voice, 7/23/96; Cash, O* !it.
475. (380) Fazoah, et a., O* !it.
476. (381)(+id.
477. (382) Leby, O* !it.
478. (383) Morn, O* !it.
479. (384) Leby, O* !it.
480. (*) Cheve and Cheyne Kehoe, two brothers who opened fre on poce n Oho
n February of 1997 durng a routne traffc stop, aso ved at Eohm Cty. Were
they some of the peope traned n weaponry by Strassmer?
481. (385) Pau Oueary, "Bombng Informant Ruffes Case," Assocate Press,
2/23/97.
482. (386) Robert Hebe, ntervew wth author.
483. (387) Water Goodman, "Terror n Okahoma Cty: TV Crtcs' Notebook; Wary
Network Anchors Batte Dubous Scoops, New 'ork Times, 4/20/95.
484. (388) Crag Roberts, ntervew wth author.
485. (*) Lpkn aso tod Roberts that Stnger msses have been smugged nto the
country. A Stnger s thought to have been responsbe for the attack on TWA fght
800.
486. (389) Arnod Hamton, "Okahoma Cty Car bomb Ks at Least 31; Scores
Mssng n Rubbe of Offce Budng," "allas Mornin% News, 4/20/95.
465
487. (390) Hugh Daves, "Renta Car s Key Cue on Tra of Terrorsts," 3ondon
Sunday Tele%ra*h, 4/21/95. Abdu Yasn, another Iraq, was reeased and returned
to Iraq. Abdu Bast s Yousef's rea name.
488. (*) No evdence was produced for the so-caed assassnaton attempt. The
aegatons were remnscent of the tae of Iraq soders pung babes out of
ncubators, whch turned out to be a e.
489. (391) Patrck Cockburn, "Defector Exposes Saddam's Les on Chemca
Weapons," The (nde*endent, 5/7/96. "Genera Sammara' says that the commttee
n charge of sabotage on whch he served, and whch uses a speca 600-strong
mtary unt caed 888 to carry out operatons, st exsts and he suspects t was
nvoved n gvng support to the bombers.
490. (392) Pau Anderson, Metro Correspondent Chcago, IL "Threat of Terrorsm
Further Increases," Net News Serice , 07/07/93.
491. (393) (+id., Center for Natona Securty Pocy, No. 95-D23 11 Apr 1995
Decson Bref.
492. (394) Wam Carey, "A Tra of Terror," Wall Street Journal, 6/16/93, p. A1,
quoted n |ames Phps, "The Changng Face Of Mdde Eastern Terrorsm,"
Hertage Foundaton Report, 10/6/94.
493. (395) |ack Anderson, Dae Van Atta, "Iraq Reported to Send Terrorsts to U.S.,"
Washin%ton )ost, 1/28/91.
494. (*) A note on Steven Emerson: Athough there s no evdence contradctng
these cams, t shoud be noted that Emerson has, n the past, served as an offca
mouthpece for the U.S. government, as a consutant to the Pentagon. He payed a
arge roe n coverng up the truth of the Pan Am 103 bombng, by attackng and
smearng Lester Coeman, |uva Avv, and any others who tred to brng forth the
truth. Emerson aso went on the Herado Rvera show n |une of 1997 and
attempted to bash Kevn Fynn of the Rocky Mountain News who had uncovered
connectons between Terry Nchos and suspects n the Phppnes. The author
attempts n ths nstance merey to report a few basc facts as reated by Emerson,
who does have some experence n Mdde East terrorsm. The author, however,
hods Emerson's dubous connectons wth eements of the government n
queston.
495. (396) The bombngs ncuded a |ewsh communty center n Buenos Ares and
the Israe embassy, the downng of a commuter pane n Panama, and a |ewsh
charty organzaton n London. It s assumed that the |uy, 1994 attacks by
Hzboah - whch concded wth Kng Hussen's peace-makng trp to Washngton
- were prmary to dsrupt the Israe/PLO peace taks.
466
496. (397) Accordng to Phps: "Isamc radcas aso often have a dfferent
audence n mnd than Paestnan natonasts. Instead of usng terrorsm to
nfuence Western powers to change ther poces, they often use terrorsm to
punsh Western powers and nspre other Musms to rse up aganst the West. Ths
focus on the Musm audence rather than an Amercan audence heps expan how
the bombers of the Word Trade Center coud ratonaze ther boody actons. The
bombng was meant to demonstrate the power of Isamc radcas and the
vunerabty of the U.S., not to ead the U.S. to rethnk ts Mdde East pocy."
497. (398) Confdenta report of Wam Northrop to KFOR, 5/10/96. Copy n
author's possesson.
498. (399) Phps, O* !it. "Between 1980 and 1989 over 400 terrorst actons
sped over from the Mdde East to other regons, wth 87 percent of these actons
occurrng n Western Europe." Pau Wknson, "Terrorsm, Iran and the Guf
Regon," |ane's Integence Revew, May 1992, p. 222.
499. (400) "|had n Amerca," PBS Documentary, 11/21/94.
500. (*) Shmon Havtz, an Israe Genera attached to the Prme Mnster's offce,
aso tod McVegh Defense Attorney Stephen |ones that the Israes had ssued a
warnng to the Amercans.
501. (401) Yehzke Zadok, "The FBI s Conductng a Search for 'Three Mdde
Easterners,'" 'ediot Arhonot, 4/20/95.
502. (402) Report of Wam Northrop, and ntervew wth author.
503. (403) Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/97, p. 81. |ones
ponts out, gven the ssue of the credbty of the nformaton, that the head of
Saud Integence s the Kng's own son.
504. (*) |ones sad that Lpkn met wth hs U.S. "counterpart," Ph Wcox, the U.S.
State Department's coordnator for terrorsm, after the bombng to "compare
notes." The reader w aso reca that two Israe bomb experts traveed to
Okahoma Cty after the bombng to anayze the bomb sgnature.
505. (*) |ones orgnay sad that the meetng took pace n Kngman, AZ.
Accordng to Gagan, that was ncorrect, and was to protect Gagan's nformaton.
506. (*) Gagan had ntermttent contact wth the Sovets throughout the md-'80s.
In 1982, Gagan met a Sovet spy named Edward Bodenzayer whe n Puerto
Vaerta. Bodenzayer had been exportng cassfed technoogy to Russa through
hs mport/export busness. He was eventuay arrested as a resut of a |ont
FBI/Customs counterntegence stng operaton known as Operaton Aspen Leaf.
507. (404) Cary Gagan, ntervew wth author.
467
508. (405) Deposton of Cary |ames Gagan, 7/14/95. Copy n author's possesson.
509. (*) Gagan ater seemed to waver on ths pont: "I don't care what they say -
where he was supposedy - he was there." He ater sad: "I'm not sure, but t sure
ooked ke hm. He |ust ddn't ft."
510. (**) Gagan recas that Omar threw somethng n the trash. Gagan ater fshed
t out. They were technca dagrams n Spansh that appeared to be bomb pans.
511. (*) Accordng to Gagan, hs Arab frends were nterested n buyng the Posta
Center, and asked Gagan to propose a cash dea to Coombo. They were
apparenty nterested n ts ma and truck renta facty.
512. (406) Mke Levne, ntervew wth author.
513. (407) Report of Crag Roberts, 5/8/95, copy n author's possesson. Roberts s
the author's partner on the Okahoma Cty bombng nvestgaton.
514. (*) What s nterestng, consderng the FBI's ack of response, s that the Tusa
offce of the FBI had commssoned Roberts to provde a report on the bombng.
515. (**) Gagan coyy admtted to knowng Iran-Contra drug runner and pot Barry
Sea.
516. (408) Gagan contacted Dave Foyd at the U.S. Marshas Offce. He sad 'We've
got to get movng on ths rght away.' I sad, 'We, I've got to have mmunty.'"
517. (*) Gagan was referrng to a Mdde Eastern man who few n from Okahoma
Cty. Gagan had never seen hm before.
518. (*) Gagan gave accurate and specfc descrptons of street addresses he had
been n Kngman, and provded recepts for hs traves to the Arzona town. He aso
provded recepts for hote rooms n whch he cams bomb pannng meetngs were
hed. He sad the orgna pot nvoved bowng up a |ewsh conventon center n
Denver where Presdent Cnton was speakng.
519. (409) FBI Agent Mark Hotsaw, ntervew wth author.
520. (410) Hand-wrtten etter from Gagan to Tna Rowe, copy n author's
possesson.
521. (*)
|ayna Davs, KFOR-TV broadcast, |une, 1995. U.S. Marshas Servce head Tna Rowe sad, regardng Cary Gagan's hand-devered
etter: "I work n a federa budng and a my frends work n federa budngs, and t's not somethng that anyone workng n that envronment
woud ever overook." KFOR then uncovered a copy of Gagan's enveope, on whch the matchng sgnature of a Marshas Servce empoyee was
found. The Marshas Servce camed t was suspcous, because t's offce pocy to sgn both the frst and ast name, and to stamp a ncomng
ma.
468
522. (**) The |udge who sent Gagan to the menta hospta, |ohn P. Gatey, was
ater termed ncompetent and dsbarred due to bran cancer.
523. (411) Kevn Fynn, "Romer, Norton get Bomb Threats: CBI Informant's
Reabty n Oueston; He Aso Warned of Federa Budng Bast," Rocky Mountain
News, 8/12/95. Gagan was worred about what had happened n Mexco wth the
Sovets, and ddn't want to accept a pea bargan.
524. (412) Federa Pubc Defender, confdenta ntervew wth author.
525. (*) A voce stress anayss the author ran on Gagan's ntervew tapes showed
he was teng the truth.
526. (**) Reports ndcatng that Gagan had been of assstance to the DEA were
egay removed from hs nformant fe n an attempt to dscredt hm.
527. (413) Letter of Immunty from U.S. |ustce Dept. sgned by Henry Soano, to
Gary |ames Gagan, copy n author's possesson.
528. (414) "FBI Furor," 2nclassified, Summer, 1997.
529. (415) Ga Gbson, "The Strange Murder-For-Hre Tra of Chuck Hayes Got
Even Stranger Yesterday," 3e#in%ton 8erald-3eader, 1/16/97. Myers camed that
Hayes, a former CIA operatve, had tred to hre a ht-man wth a mere $5,000,
usng an open phone ne.
530. (416) Former Army C.I.D. nvestgator, confdenta ntervew wth author.
531. (417) Dck Russe, "Spook Wars In Cyberspace: Is the FBI Raroadng Chares
Hayes?" 8i%h Times/ |une, 1997.
532. (*) Gagan says the Letter of Immunty was not fed wth the court, n voaton
of standard procedure. He aso asserts that Ason's sgnature was sgned by hs
secretary, and s no good.
533. (418) Forda poce detectve, confdenta ntervew wth author.
534. (*) Gagan cams that on |anuary 15, 1997, as he was watng for a bus at 1st
and Lncon n downtown Denver, a dark four-door Buck came careenng around
the corner, frng at hm wth a senced automatc weapon. A check wth Doug
Packston at the Coorado Transt Authorty reveaed a buet hoe n the bus sheter
and gass that had been repaced.
535. (*) It s unkey that Gagan coud have known about Kng's story, whch was
not wdey reported.
469
536. (**) The Forda poce detectve I spoke wth tod me that the FBI and state
authortes "ddn't want to nvestgate ths," referrng to the connectons he
uncovered between Arab-Amercans, the PLO, and the Ca Carte, n the md-80s.
He beeves the FBI's head of Counterntegence came to Forda dsgused as an
agent, found out what they were workng on, and took off. As he sad, "Thngs
weren't rght.. It was as f someone were ookng at ths and sayng 'stay away
from t.'" Hs experence tes nto that of an Army C.I.D. offcer who nvestgated
the brother of one of the Mdde-Easterners aegedy nvoved n the bombng, who
was nvoved n mtary esponage n Huntsve, Aabama n the md-80s. He sad
the FBI "stonewaed" the case. (More on ths ater)
537. (419) OCPD Dspatch of 4/19/95.
538. (420) Davd Harper, "|ust who s Caro Howe? |urors W Have To Decde Who
the Rea Woman Is," Tulsa World, 7/28/97. "Howe sad she heard a 'powerfu
murmur' n the fa of 1995 that Tusa coud be the target of a ma|or bombng n
the sprng of 1996. Howe sad Thursday she eft messages n 1995 but that her
cas weren't returned."
539. (*) A specfc warnng regardng fght 103 was aso passed on from a Mossad
Agent workng at the Frankfurt arport.
540. (**) What s nterestng s that Over "Buck" Reve, former Counter-Terrorsm
chef of the FBI, pued hs son and daughter-n-aw off Pan Am 103 mnutes before
the fght. Dd Reve know somethng the rest of us dd not? (Steven Emerson
doesn't bother mentonng that tte fact n hs psyop pece entted The Fall of )an
Am :;E , whch, ncdentay, eaves out the entre CIA/drug connecton that many
fee was nked to the bombng.
541. (**) Was Soano pressured to gnore Gagan's warnng? The Denver U.S.
Attorney had earer ntended to proceed wth an nvestgaton nto corrupton by
top U.S. offcas connected wth Bouder Partnershps, Ltd., Twn Ctes Bank of
Ltte Rock, and MDC Hodngs of Denver, unt he reazed who was nvoved -
frends of B Cnton and George Herbert Waker Bush.
542. (421) Robert Rudoph, "Lawmen Get Warnng of Pot on U.S. Targets," Newark
Star 3ed%er, 3/22/95.
543. (422) Wendy Hoden and Davd Mward, "Okahoma Bomb Suspect Sezed at
Heathrow," 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h. date unknown.
544. (423) (+id.
545. (424) (+id.
470
546. (425) Steven Emerson and Bran Duffy, The Fall of )an Am :;E, (New York,
NY: G.P. Putnam's), 1990, p. 176; aso see "The Matese Doube Cross," a Brtsh TV
documentary on Pan Am 103.
547. (*) Ahmed's detenton produced a furry of responses from the ACLU
(Amercan Cv Lbertes Unon), who were notfed by Ahmed's frend Sam Khad.
The ACLU has ong been funded (some say taken over) by the Roger Badwn
Foundaton, a CIA front. Perhaps they wanted ther man Ahmed reeased, |ust as
the CIA wanted |ordanan Marwan Kreeshat reeased.
548. (**) Hader A Sad, one of Khad's workers, had a wfe who mscarraged
after the bombng due to harassment. When Hader made that pubc, Khad fred
hm. If Cear's theory s true, t s curous why Khad fred hm.
549. (426) Poce Report of arrest of Hussan A-Hussan. Sharon Twey aso stated
she beeved she had seen McVegh n a bar on NW 10th Street, and had seen
Hussan and other Khad empoyees n the same bar at dfferent tmes.
(* What must be ponted out agan s that the FBI s
camng McVegh rented the Ryder truck the foowng
Monday, Apr 17, whch he dd. Ths account ndcates
that two Ryder trucks were nvoved n the operaton,
not one, as the FBI cams.
550. (*
551. (*
552. (427) Crag Freeman and Denns |ackson, ntervews wth author.
553. (428) Sharon Cohen, Assocated Press, 4/26/95.
554. (429) Ruby Foos, ntervew wth author; Daves, O* !it., 4/21/95.
555. (430) |m Pok, CNN, 4/20/95; Sharon Cohen, Assocated Press, 4/21/95.
556. (431) Wam |asper, "The Tra of |ohn Doe No. 2," The New American,
5/13/96.
557. (432) |.D. Cash, "Lose Your Iuson," Media $y*ass, February, 1996.
558. (433) Margaret Hohmann and Ann Domn, ntervews wth author.
471
559. (434) Debra Burdck, ntervew wth author.
560. (435) |ayna Davs, KFOR, shadow ntervew wth Kay H., 6/17/95.
561. (436) Davd Snder, ntervew wth author.
562. (437) OKPD Dspatch of 4/19/95.
563. (438) Davd Ha, ntervew wth author.
564. (*) A source n the Sherff's Offce ntervewed by |ayna Davs sad the FBI
refused to expan why t had canceed the APB. Davd Ha sad the APB was
canceed by an FBI agent named Webster. Yet accordng to OCPD offcer Don
Brownng, the FBI ater "admtted" to "fabrcatng" the APB.
565. (**) Both Erne Cranfed and neghbors saw the brown pck-up at Sahara
Propertes.
566. (439) Erne Cranfed, ntervew wth author.
567. (*) Heather Khad aso tod Cranfed n a secrety-taped ntervew that she
had not been abe to fnd any tme record on Hussan for Apr 19, so she made
one up and gave t to Dave Baut, a reporter for KWTV. Khad empoyee Terry
Hoday, tod a reporter at KOCO-TV that Hussan had been pantng the house at
NW 31st Street on Apr 19, then ater tod Cranfed that Hussan had not actuay
been there on the 19th. Heather camed that she had taken some suppes to
Hussan that mornng, but Hoday camed she had never been there. Khad
worker Barnaby Machuca aso repeatedy changed hs story regardng Hussan's
whereabouts.
568. (*) Numerous FBI and aw enforcement sources Davs contacted agreed that
Hussan resembed the sketch of |ohn Doe 2, and beeved there was a Mdde
Eastern connecton to the bombng, possby connected to the Word Trade Center
bombng. (KFOR's Response to Pantff's Interrogatores, Hussan vs. KFOR).
569. (440) OCPD D.U.I. report, copy n author's possesson.
570. (* FBI spokesman Steve Muns woudn't confrm or deny whether Hussan
was a suspect; FBI agent |ames Strckand, who woud ater nvestgate Khad's
aeged shootng of hs secretary, Sharon Twey, aso decned to comment on
whether Hussan was a suspect.
571. (441) George Lang, "Out on a Lmb," date unknown.
572. (442) Dave Baut reportng, KWTV, 10:00 p.m. newscast, 6/16/95.
573. (443) Sam Khad, ntervew wth author.
472
574. (*) Wam Northrop s an ex-Isrea ntegence offcer who was ndcted by
former U.S. Attorney Rudoph Guann, and testfed aganst Israe's roe n Iran-
Contra. A frend of the ate CIA Drector Wam Casey, Northrop's name was
reportedy found n Casey's dary upon hs death.
575. (*( Khad, speakng on behaf of Hussan, camed hs INS records were
"stoen."
576. (*) Yousef arrved n New York on September 1, 1992. Many New York aw
enforcement offcas reportedy beeve that Iraq was nvoved |n the Trade Center
bombng|, athough they can not prove t. (Laure Myroe, "Word Trade Center
Bombng - The Case of Secret Cyande," The Wa Street |ourna, |uy 26, 1994, p.
A16.), quoted n |ames Phps, The Changng Face of Mdde Eastern Terrorsm,"
The 8erita%e Foundation/ $ack%rounder, #1005, 10/6/94.
577. (444) Myroe, O* !it. Yousef, who grew up n Kuwat, was aso dentfed by
Kuwat Interor Mnster Shek A a Sabah a Sam as an Iraq coaborator durng
Iraq's 1990 nvason of Kuwat. (Chares Waace, "Weavng a Wde Web of Terror,"
3os An%eles Times, 5/28/95.)
578. (*) Hussan a-Hussan moved to Houston after gong pubc and sung KFOR.
579. (445) Lous Champon, ntervew wth author. Accordng to Champon, who s
sung the federa government, Peter Kawa|a, who was head of securty for
Champon's pant, hred Wackenhut. Kawa|a was ater gven mmunty to act as an
nformant. Sad Robert Bcke, a Customs nformant and nvestgator famar wth
the case: "He, Barbout was treated more ke a damn state brd than a terrorst."
580. (*) Lous Champon sad he saw Barbout meet wth Secord at the Fountan
Bue Hote n Mam n 1988.
581. (446) Mke |ohnston, ntervew wth author. |ohn Conay, "Insde the Shadow
CIA," S*y magazne, September, 1992; Sad Lous Champon, "They are so we-
protected by an entty n our own government, that they have put up a wa.."
582. (*) Yet accordng to Champon's former head of securty Peter Kawa|a, and
Iraqgate nvestgator Robert Bcke, Champon hmsef sn't so nnocent. "Champon
had to know about the cyande eavng the pant," sad Bcke. "He was there every
day, whe the pant was beng but and operated." Nevertheess, Champon went
pubc, and was threatened and shut down by U.S. Customs and the I.R.S.
583. (447) TK-7 s a chemca company n Okahoma Cty owned by Moshe Ta, an
Israe. Barbout had attempted to purchase a formua from them that coud extend
the range of rocket fue for the Iraq SCUD msses.
584. (*) Whe Ishan Barbout aegedy "ded" of heart faure n London n |uy of
1990, he was reportedy seen afterwards ave and we fyng between Aman,
473
|ordan and Trpo, Lbya. Other accounts ndcate that he s vng safe and we n
Forda.
585. (448) Cark, O* !it,
586. (449) (+id., pp. 70-72, Ouoted n Wam Bum, 4illin% 8o*e7 20S0 Military and
!(A (nterentions Since World War (( (Common Courage Press, 1996), p. 335; "The
Guf War and ts Aftermath," The :CCB (nformation )lease Almanac (Boston, 1992),
p. 974, Ouoted n Bum, p. 335.
587. (450) Laure Garrett (medca wrter for Newsday), "The Dead," !olum+ia
Journalism Reiew, May/|une, 1991, p. 32, quoted n Bum, p. 335.
588. (451) Needless "eaths O*0 !it., p. 135, quoted n Bum, p.335.
589. (452) (+id., pp. 201-24; Cark, pp. 72-4; 3os An%eles Times, 1/31/91; 2/3/91,
quoted n Bum, p. 336.
590. (453) B Moyers, )$S S*ecial Re*ort7 After the War, Sprng, 1991, quoted n
Cark, p. 53.
591. (454) "Bography: McVegh, Part Two, Media $y*ass, March, 1995.
592. (*) Word Trade Center bomber Mahmud Abouhama tod Egyptan
ntegence that the Word Trade Center bombng had been approved by Iranan
ntegence.
593. (455) Yossef Bodansky, Terror7 The (nside Story of the Terrorist !ons*iracy in
America (New York, NY: SPI Books, 1994), quoted n Keth, O* !it., p. 154.
594. (456) (+id., p. 153.
595. (457) Indeed, a ma|or terrorsm summt sponsored by Tehran n |une of 1996
saw deegates from Afghanstan, Pakstan, Iraq, Saud Araba, and other Md-East
and Afrcan states, as we as Bosna-Herzegovna, Germany, France, Brtan,
Canada, and the U.S. come together to form a |ont workng commttee under the
command of the new HzbAah Internatona - transformng that group nto "the
vanguard of the revouton" of the Musm word.
596. (458) "efense 5 Forei%n Affairs, O* !it.
597. (459) (+id.
598. (460) Ronad W. Lews, "Uncv Ar War" (The Shootdown of TWA Fght 800),"
Air Forces Monthly, No. 104, November 1996, posted by S0A0F0A0N0 (nternet
Newsletter, No. 213, December 21, 1996.
474
599. (461) Dr. Laure Myroe, Ph.D., "Terrorsm n Our Face," American S*ectator,
Apr, 1997.
600. (*) Ths w be expored more fuy n Voume Two.
601. (462) Phps, O* !it. It s reported that hundreds of them are aso beng
traned by Iranan Revoutonary Guards n Sudanese tranng camps.
602. (463) See Edward Gargan, "Where Arab Mtants Tran and Wat," New 'ork
Times, 8/ 11/93; Tm Wener, "Bowback From the Afghan Battefed," New 'ork
Times Magazne, 3/13/94; Dane Kadman and Gregory L. Vstca, "In Search of a
Ker," Newsweek, 8/11/97.
603. (464) "The New Era of Goba Terrorsm," MSA News, date unknown, posted on
Internet. The eaders of Abu Sayyaf are: Abdura|ak Abubakr |an|aan, Amhussn
|umaan, Edwn Angees, Asmad Abdu.
604. (465) "U.S. Forces n Guf on Hgh Securty Aert," Reuter, 4/7/97.
605. (466) Patrck Cockburn, "Defector exposes Saddam's Les on Chemca
Weapons," The (nde*endent, 5/7/96. "Genera Sammara' says that the commttee
n charge of sabotage on whch he served, and whch uses a speca 600-strong
mtary unt caed 888 to carry out operatons, st exsts and he suspects t was
nvoved n gvng support to the bombers.
606. (*) Abdu Rahman Yassn, an Iraq ndcted for hs part n the Word Trade
Center bombng fed to Baghdad. Hs brother, Musab Yasn, provded a safehouse
for the ater pots. Whe the New York offce of the FBI wanted to arrest hm,
curousy, the Washngton offce ob|ected. Another Iraq wth a Ph.D. n
mcroboogy, currenty vng n New |ersey, s Waed Samarra.
607. (467) Chares Waace, "Weavng a Wde Web of Terror," 3os An%eles Times,
5/28/95; Robert D. McFadden, "Nne Suspected of Terrorsm are Arrested n
Mana," New 'ork Times, 12/30/96.
608. (*) The nne suspects are: Yousef's brother, Ade Anonn (aas Ade Ban);
Abdu Kareem |assm Bdaw; Haeem |assm Bdaw; |amaa |aoud; Ibrahm Abd;
and Na|m Nasser (Iraqs); Emad Amubarak (Sudanese); Saeh A Ouuwaye, and
Zad A Amer (Sauds).
609. (**) Angees tod |ones that there are nks to Phppne ma-order-brde
busnesses and crmna/terrorst actvty. It was not cear from |ones' bref exacty
what ths entaed.
610. (468) (+id., p.3.
611. (469) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
475
612. (**) Referrng to the pace n Davao, Angees sad, "It was aso the pace
where Musms were taught n bomb makng."
613. (470) Lou Kzer and Kevn Foyd, "McVegh Team Tres Agan for Deay,"
Rocky Mountain News, 3/26/97; Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus,
3/25/97.
614. (471) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
615. (472) "Petton For Wrt of Mandamus of Pettoner-Defendant, Tmothy |ames
McVegh and Bref n Support", Case No. 96-CR-68-M, 3/25/97.
616. (*) A source cose to |ones sad that attorney |m Hankns actuay prepared
the Wrt.
617. (*) Northrop cams that when he tred to run the nformaton down n
Kngman he came up empty. Hs source n the U.S. Marshas Servce, who was
ookng nto the matter, receved a ca from the |ustce Department, and was
prompty stonewaed, he sad.
618. (*) Casnos have been used to aunder money. A drug deaer or other crmna
enters the casno wth drty money, buys arge quanttes of chps, gambes a bt,
then cashes n the chps for cean money. Russbacher tod Stch that the process
aso works n reverse. He expaned n one case how the CIA, through Shamrock
Overseas Dsbursement Corporaton, gave money to the casno, who n turn woud
gve gambng chps to the recpents when they arrved, then the chps were
cashed n. Russbacher named three Las Vegas casnos aegedy nvoved n the
operaton, ncudng the Fronter, Stardust, and Bnyon's Horseshoe.
619. ( Consderng the reports from dancers at two strpper bars - one n Tusa
and one n |uncton Cty - McVegh and Nchos had a penchant for these types of
paces.
620. (473) As nterrogatory answers fed by KFOR n ts defense aganst a-
Hussan state: |Lana| Pada sad that her son, |osh, went to Las Vegas about once
a month, where he was wth Tm McVegh, Terry Nchos, and Mdde-Eastern men.
Pada expressed the opnon that there was a Mdde-Eastern connecton to the
Okahoma Cty bombng.
621. (474) "Omar Khaf was one of the aases sted on Khad's 1990 federa
ndctment.
622. (475) Messa Knzng, former KFOR news drector, ntervew wth author.
623. (**) After Davs questoned severa empoyees at the MGM, two were fred.
624. (476) Lous Crousette and |ayna Davs, transcrpt n author's possesson.
476
625. (477) Gordon Nove, ntervew wth author.
626. (*) Gagan recognzed Abraham Ahmed beng wth Khad. Gagan sad he saw
Ahmed (by another name) n Las Vegas wth Omar-Khad n the Summer or Fa of
1994. He sad he aso saw Hussan a-Hussan n Okahoma Cty when he was here
n Apr.
627. (**) A Sad, ncdentay, was the man who's wfe who had a mscarrage
after stones were thrown through hs wndow. When A Sad went before news
cameras to compan about the ncdent, Khad fred hm.
628. (478) Erne Cranfed, ntervew wth author.
629. (*) The State Tax Commsson aso wanted Cranfed to testfy aganst Khad.
Instead, Khad pad a fne. "That covered up for hs ex-wfe gettng ked," sad
Cranfed.
630. ( At the same tme, nterestngy, two Mdde Eastern resdents of the
Woodscape apartments skpped out wthout payng ther rent. It shoud aso be
noted that two heavy-set Arabs work for Sam Khad.
631. (479) Keth, O* !it, p. 148.
632. (480) |oe Royer, ntervew wth author. The FBI agent who ntervewed the
coupe tod them that one VIN number was eft ntact, and fngerprnts were found.
633. (481) Rex Carmchae, ntervew wth author.
634. (*) Was the brown pck-up panted at Route 66, or esewhere? Accordng to
nformaton obtaned by W Northrop, Hader a-Sad was hred by A Khoddam
at Internatona Auto works, a body shop ocated at 16th and Backweder, after he
was fred by Khad. An Iranan, Khoddam s reportedy a frend of Khad's. Sharbat
Khan, a Pakstan and Rzwan A. Shakh were reportedy gong to buy Internatona
Auto Works from Khoddam.
635. (482) Tom's s run by Tom Breske, who Carmchae descrbed as "bad news."
636. (483) Confdenta ntervew wth author.
637. (484) Mchae Reed, ntervew wth author.
638. (**) Don Brownng, ntervew wth author. Kama had been workng wth the
FBI to track Khad and others who were nvoved n nsurance fraud scams.
Athough he defntey knew Khad, he dsputed that he sad "Ths s the Mossad"
to Brownng. Brownng swears he dd. Yet |ayna Davs sad Brownng tod her that
Kama sad that Khad was a member of "Hamas," a far cry from the Mossad, the
Israe ntegence agency. Another possbe expanaton s that there were Mossad
477
agents posng as members of Hamas, but t seems unkey that Kama woud know
that.
639. (485) Bob |erow, ntervew wth author.
640. (486) OCPD detectve, confdenta ntervew wth author.
641. (*) When |erow asked an FBI source f KFOR was on the rght track, he was
tod "Keep dong what you're dong." Curousy, an OCPD contact of Davs' was tod
by hs FBI source, "stay away."
642. (*) Macy and State Attorney Genera Drew Edmondson had aso pushed
certan aspects of the Ant-Terrorsm B, usng the bombng as a patform.
643. (**) Ths s douby nterestng, snce Rchardson was the U.S. Attorney who
prosecuted Khad for nsurance fraud n 1990. Rchardson "commtted sucde" n
|uy of 1997 over "work-reated" matters.
644. (*) Whe Khad's attorney camed that ony $15,000 doars or so was
nvoved n the scams, the U.S. Attorney's report s more ncrmnatng. Khad was
aso accused durng hs arson case of empoyng fase Soca Securty numbers.
One of them s regstered to a woman n Okahoma Cty; the other to a woman n
Mam.
645. (**) One of the agents, |ames Strckand, woud ater be assgned to the
Twey assaut case.
646. ( He ater tod nvestgatve |ournast Wam |asper he emgrated from
Lbya.
647. (487) U.S. vs. Sam Khad, Response to Presentence Report; Sam Khad,
ntervew wth author.
648. (*) Accordng to a oca HUD representatve I checked wth, Khad pad cash
for most of hs propertes, avodng the scrupuous background checks and the
typca paper tra whch accompanes them. Addtonay, none of Khad's three
companes, whch empoy numerous empoyees, are regstered wth the State or
have Federa Tax I.D. numbers.
649. (*) Emphass n orgna.
650. (488) FBI spokesman Chares Stenmetz sad the nformaton he gave Burnes
came from former FBI Deputy Assstant Drector Bob Rcks.
651. (489) Karen Burnes, "Paestnans: Drty Busness," CBS West 57 Street News
magazne, 5/2/89, Ctd n Howard Rosenberg, "'Paestnan Network': A Fu
Report?, 3os An%eles Times, 6/1/89.
478
652. (*) "Before the bombng, we coudn't get the U.S. Attorney's offce nterested,"
sad prvate nvestgator Ben |acobson. "After the bombng, they |ust wanted us to
keep our mouths shut."
653. (490) Northrop, O* !it.
654. (491) In federa court fngs, WISE was descrbed as "a front used to brng
nternatona terrorsts to the Unted States."
655. (*) It seems the reference to "Iranans" as used by ths CID offcer s a generc
term meant to refer to Mdde-Easterners n genera, athough some Iranans were
defntey nvoved.
656. (**) Accordng to Mke |ohnston, the head of securty for 777 Post Oak
Corporaton (a hgh-rse offce compex n Houston affated wth IBI, Ishan
Barbout's company) had a son n the U.S. mtary ntegence. The father, who
was ater wanted for mpersonatng a CIA agent, woud ca hs son at the Ma|or
Command Assgnments Center at Bong Ar Force n Washngton, D.C. around
August 1990, |ust pror to the Iraq's nvason of Kuwat. Some of the cas
apparenty nvoved the use of a modem to tap nto the command center's
computers.
657. (492) Retred U.S. Army CID nvestgator, Intervew wth author.
658. (493) Genera Robert L. Moore (Ret.), ntervew wth author.
659. (*) Tom Wesman was the FBI SAC of the Huntsve offce.
660. (**) Ths detectve aso sad that the chef of the FBI's counterntegence
dvson masqueraded as a poce offcer and traveed to Forda to coect data on
the ther nvestgaton.
661. ( Brazeton ddn't return cas.
662. (*) Had t actuay come from Mexcan drug kng-pn |uan Garca Abrego, who
s nked to the Ca Carte, and had reportedy sent two bag-men up to Okahoma
Cty to fnance the bombng?
663. (**) Kngman has aso been caed the "Goden Trange" of Speed
(Methamphetamne), and McVegh had known Cark Vomer, a parapegc drug
deaer and oan shark n town. On October 19, sx months to the day of the
bombng, Gagan was drected by a man he descrbes as "Hzboah" to take a bus
from Las Vegas to Kngman, to dever a arge bag of money - estmated to be
between $200,000 and $300,000 to an ndvdua who was "mta ookng n
appearance."
479
664. ( McPeak hred McVegh n 1993 to do securty work at a oca sheter. When
hs grfrend was arrested n Las Vegas on a bad credt charge, Cark Vomer, a
parapegc drug deaer n Kngman, heped ba her out. In February of '95, McPeak
cams, Vomer asked hm to ferry some drugs. He refused. Shorty thereafter, an
ANFO bomb expoded under a char outsde McPeak's home. When he went to
Vomer's house to confront hm, he found Tmothy McVegh, aong wth another
man he ddn't recognze.
665. (494) "FBI Fnds Possbe Evdence n OKC Bombng, CNN, 7/20/95.
666. (495) Hugh Deos, "Federa Marshas Arrest Chemst," !hica%o Tri+une,
5/13/95; Mark Schaffer, "Probe Nets 2nd Man n Oatman," Ari-ona Re*u+lic,
5/14/95, quoted n Keth, p. 52; Katherne Mauro, Oatman Mnng Co., ntervew
wth author; Records of the Federa Bureau of Prsons.
667. (496) Dane Sawyer, "Prme Tme Lve," 4/25/95.
668. (497) Mke |ohnston, "Investgatve Fact Fndng Trp to Germany," 1995, copy
n author's possesson; |onathan Vankn, !ons*iracies/ !oer-2*s 5 !rimes7 From
"allas to Waco, (Lburn, GA: Iumnt Press, 1996), p. 211.
669. (*) Skorzeny was at the nexus of the survvng eements of the Naz
movement, and heped organze ts tentaces after WWII.
670. (498) |ohnston, O*0 !it0L Vankn, O* !it., p. 226; Martn A. Lee and Kevn
Coogan, "Kers on the Rght: Insde Europe's Fascst Underground," Mother Jones,
May, 1987.
671. (499) "er S*ei%el wrter Martn Kan, ntervew wth author. Lbya aso
reportedy funded the Irsh Repubcan Army.
672. (500) |ohnston, O*0 !it.
673. (501) Mke Levne, ntervew wth author.
674. (502) Tom |arre, ABC 20/20, |anuary 19, 1996.
675. (503) |effrey A. Buta, "Extremst Groups," Offce of Internatona Crmna
|ustce, Chcago, date unknown. The connecton s reportedy through Pakstan
Brgader Genera Imtaz.
676. (504) Terrorst Group Profes, Dudey Knox Lbrary, Nava Postgraduate
Schoo, date unknown.
677. (505) Buta, O* !it.
480
678. (*) The Bureau of Prsons had "no record" of Edward Fnton, eventhough he
served tme n federa prson. Usuay ths means the ndvdua s under the
"wtness protecton program."
679. (506) Kevn Fynn, "Romer, Norton Get Bomb Threats: CBI Informant's
Reabty n Oueston; He Aso Warned of Federa Budng Bast," Rocky Mountain
News, 08/12/95. Gagan sad he met wth A Fuqra members on dfferent occasons
between October, 1995 and February 1996.
680. (507) |udge Lews Babcock and |ohn Strader, ntervew wth author. Gagan
sad he met wth U.S. Marsha |ake Warner at Brookyns restaurant on October 27,
1995. "In a the years that I've known |Gagan|, he's never met wth a par of
peope n suts," sad the manager n an ntervew wth the author.
681. (*) Gagan sad he saw Dane wth Omar and Ahmed n Mexco. On November
27, Gagan says he was nstructed by hs "Hzboah" contact to rent a room at the
La Vsta Mote n Denver n preparaton for another meetng. Gagan sad hs
attempts to have the FBI stake out the room were gnored. The nformant cams
he earned of pans to bomb smutaneous targets n Phoenx and Denver on or
about February 8, 1996 - the specfc targets beng the ATF offce n the Me Hgh
Center at 1700 Broadway n Denver, and the DEA/Customs offce at 115 Inverness
Drve n Engewood, Coorado.
682. (508) Hampton's aas was Abd a-Rashd Abdaah, and Gant's was Abd
Rashd.
683. (*) A voce stress anayss run on the caer ndcated he was teng the truth.
684. (*) Ths cam was aegedy based on DNA tests and footprnt matches.
685. (509) |m Kackey, "Leg Confrmed as 169th Vctm's," "aily Oklahoman, date
unknown; "Leg Lost n Bast St a Mystery," "allas Mornin% News, 10/19/95;
"Okahoma Bomb Vctm Exhumed," 3/15/96, Assocated Press; Gary Tuchman,
"Does severed eg prove McVegh's nnocence?," CNN, 8/7/95.
686. (510) Wam |asper, ntervew wth author. Mahon stated ths to |asper on
October 1, 1996,
687. (511) "Rse of HzbAah Internatona," "efense 5 Forei%n Affairs, 8/31/96.
688. (512) FBI 302 statement of Mohammad Abdu Haggag, quoted n Myroe, O*
!it.
689. (513) Tmothy McVegh's Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/96, copy n author's
possesson, aso quoted n Wam |asper, " Defense Cts Mdeast Connecton," The
New American, 5/12/97.
481
690. (514) Phps, O* !ite.
691. (515) She sad that her father had aso met Yasser Afafat, and had hs
photograph on hs wa.
692. (*) Mchee aso sad she overheard her father tak about approachng neo-
Nazs through the Natona Socast Party. Dd Hrram Torres try to contact Natona
Socast eader Gary Lauck? Apparenty, Strassmer was on to Lauck, as he was
arrested on hs way to Denmark. Strassmer had earned about Lauck's trave pans
from WAR eader Denns Mahon, a frend of Bresca and Strassmer, who, as
mentoned prevousy, was beng pad by the Iraqs.
693. (516) Keth, O* !it., p. 151.
694. (**) We ran Torres' tapes through a voce stress anayzer. They ndcated she
was beng truthfu.
695. (517) There were no purges n the Communst ntegence servces n the
former Sovet Unon |FSU|. Documents and records, as Genera Se|na ponts out,
were transferred from Eastern Europe to Moscow. Those who ran the KGB st run
the SVR, and a dozen other servces n Russa and the FSU.
696. (518) Mchae Hedges, "Senate Resouton Asks Cnton to Bock Resettement
of Iraqs," Washin%ton Times, 9/14/93; "Iraq: Admsson of Refugees nto the Unted
States," Congressona Research Servce Report for Congress, Lbrary of Congress,
10/28/93; Letter from Senator Davd Boren to Crag Roberts, 3/14/94, copy n
author's possesson; Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the U.K., Austraa, Pakstan, and
Syra absorbed the remanng refugees.
697. (*) The Federa Government aocated $6,000 per refugee for resettement
purposes, at the same tme that veterans who suffered from Guf War ness were
beng gnored by the Veterans Admnstraton.
698. (519) (+id.
699. (*) On December 4, 1981, Presdent Reagan ssued an Executve Order
permttng the CIA to conduct covert operatons nsde ths country. Not that they
ddn't aready.
700. (*) Lke Andreas Strassmer, Hussan was unabe to come up wth hs INS
records. Khad camed they were stoen by KFOR, a cam that |ayna Davs |ust
aughed at.
701. (*) The government's refusa to admt the terrorst msse shoot-down of TWA
fght 800 may very we have as ts bass the need to mantan the abty of the
cruca arne ndustry to contnue functonng.
482
702. (*) As Washngton nsder |ournast Sara McCendon tod me, "Bush has a hod
on the Cnton admnstraton, and I don't know what t s.. George Bush starts
these thngs. he's pushng Mena, Arkansas off on Cnton.. Most of the peope
don't know that Bush s manpuatng the admnstraton."
703. (520) McVegh was ndcted on 11 counts: conspracy to use a bomb to
destroy the Federa Budng, detonatng the bomb, destroyng a federa budng,
and murderng eght federa aw enforcement agents.
704. (521) Brandon M. Stckney, All American Monster7 The 2nauthori-ed
$io%ra*hy of Timothy McVei%h (New York, NY: Prometheus Books, 1996), p. 177;
"Rchard Serrano, "Cues Sought n Detas from McVegh's Arrest," 3os An%eles
Times, 9/10/95, quoted n Armstrong, O* !it. p. 118.
705. (*) McVegh was taken over to Hanger's patro car, where he heard rado
broadcasts about the bombng, and casuay cht-chated wth Offcer Hanger.
( When he arrved at the |ahouse, he smpy asked, "when's chow"?
706. (522 Co. Davd Hackworth and Peter Annnn, |"And We're Gong to Go to
Tra," Newsweek, 7/3/95.
707. (523) Rchard A. Serrano, "Cues Sought n Detas from McVegh's Arrest,"
9/10/95, quoted n (+id.
708. (524) Appcaton and Affdavt FBI Speca Agent Henry C. Gbbons.
709. (525) Ezabeth Geck, "Who Are They?" Time, 5/1/95.
710. (526) New 'ork Times, 4/22/95.
711. (*) For that matter, why woud he rent an easy traceabe truck, appy for |obs
at the Federa Budng usng hs rea name, aow hmsef to be fmed by
numerous securty cameras, stop to ask drectons mnutes before the bombng,
hang around two bocks from the crme scene mnutes after the bast, speed away
wthout a cense pate, and fa to shoot the cop who stopped hm?
712. (527) Unted States v. Tmothy |ames McVegh, drect testmony of FBI Agent
|ames Eott, 4/28/97. The compete confdenta vehce dentfcaton number was
1FDNF72|4PVA26077.
713. (*) The author saw a cose-up vdeotape of the axe taken by Deputy Sherff
Mevn Sumter, whch ceary shows the sera number on the dfferenta housng,
whch s part of the rear axe assemby. It was not, as some amateur researchers
camed, on the axe tsef.
483
714. (528) FBI FD-383 (FBI Faca Identfcaton Fact Sheet) of Tom Kessnger, dated
4/20/95, copy n author's possesson. Tm Kesey, "The Okahoma Suspect Awats
Day of Reckonng," 3ondon Sunday Times, 4/21/96.
715. (529) Cash, O* !it.
716. (530) Edward Zehr, "The McVegh Tra Gets Underway: Manstream Meda
Mss The Rea Story," Washin%ton Weekly, 5/5/97.
717. (*) Eott stated n hs FBI 302 that a second man accompaned "Kng" on
Apr 17, and thought he saw "far sze" ght bue sedan.
718. (*) In fact, Eott testfed that he met wth the prosecuton for two hours,
severa days pror to the hs appearance at tra.
719. (531) Affdavt of Rchard Renya, |uy 5, 1995
720. (532) Newsweek reporter, confdenta ntervew wth author.
721. (*) An anonymous nformant who contacted State Representatve Chares Key
severa tmes stated, ".the ATF reguary uses eased Ryder trucks to move
ordnance. And you know t's aganst ICC reguaton and everythng but he sad
they secrety do t." Investgator Crag Roberts sad the Army aso has "open
contracts" wth Ryder.
722. (533) "Phone Records Lnk Suspects Before Bast," "aily Oklahoman, 5/3/96.
723. (534) Testmony of OPUS Teecom expert |ohn Kane, U.S. v. McVegh.
724. (535) Kevn Fynn, "Computer Records Show Cas Made But Aren't Cear Who
Made Them," Rocky Mountain News, date unknown. "Prosecutors have pressured
OPUS representatves not to dscuss ths ssue wth the News, even askng them
not to verfy how ther computer systems work, the empoyees sad."
725. (536) Steve Wmsen, "Records Pont to |ohn Doe 2," "ener )ost, date
unknown; Steven K. Pauson, Assocated Press, 2/15/97. In a ater rung, |udge
Matsch stated that Mannng dened prosecutors dd anythng wrong to ect hs
testmony.
726. (537) |.D. Cash, ntervew wth |ames Sargeant, Media $y*ass, |uy, 1996.
727. (538) Barbara Whttenberg, ntervew wth author.
728. (*) Interestngy, McGown dd not state on hs FBI 302 who was drvng the
truck on Apr 16, when hs mother had asked hm to request that the drver move
t.
484
729. (539) Investgaton on 5/7/95 at |uncton Cty, Kansas Fe # 174A-OC-56120-
D-815 by SA Mark M. Bouton -WSA, date dctated 5/8/95.
730. (540) Robert Vto, "Okahoma Bombng Investgators Ht Troubesome Snags,"
CNN, 11/24/95.
731. (541) Newsweek reporter, confdenta ntervew wth author.
732. (542) Hoppy Hedeberg, Intervew wth author.
733. (543) |oseph Vnduska and Denns Euwer are two wtnesses who saw the truck
at the ake on the 18th.
734. (544) Steve Wmsen and Mark Eddy, "Who bombed the Murrah Budng?"
"ener )ost, date unknown.
735. (545) |ack Dougas |r. "Bomb nk to ake reportedy scrapped, Fort Worth
Star-Tele%ram, 3/25/97.
736. (546) Evan Thomas, "Ths Doesn't Happen Here," Newsweek, 5/1/95; U.S. v.
McVegh.
737. (547) U.S. v. |ames Dougas Nchos and Terry Nchos, Crmna Compant,
statements of FBI Speca Agent Patrck Wease.
738. (548) "Some Wtnesses Leery Of Bombng Grand |ury," "aily Oklahoman,
8/10/97; Gary Antene, ntervew wth author.
739. (549) U.S. v. McVegh, testmony of Rchard Chambers.
740. (550) "FBI Investgates Possbe McVegh Lnk to Fue Buy," Rocky Mountain
News, 4/11/97.
741. (*) However, the ndctment named Lbyan Abde Basset A a-Megrah as the
customer. Authortes' second wtness, Abdu Maged |acha, a Lbyan ntegence
offcer who defected to the U.S., was put nto the Federa Wtness Protecton
Program and gven a $4 mon doar reward for hs testmony aganst Megrah.
742. (551) Ed Hueske, ntervew wth author.
743. (552) Frank Sher and Max Courtney, ntervews wth author.
744. (553) Lou Kzer and Kevn Fynn, "Were Feds Warned Before OKC Bomb
But?" Rocky Mountain News, 2/6/97.
745. (554) Testmony of Kevn Nchoas, U.S. v. McVegh.
485
746. (555) Pada and Dept, O* !it., p. 209; Davd |ohnson, "Agents n Kansas
Hunt for Bomb Factory as Sense of Frustraton Begns to Bud," New 'ork Times,
4/30/95, quoted n Keth, p. 37.
747. (556) |ames. D. Nchos, Freedom1s &nd7 !ons*iracy in Oklahoma, sef
pubshed, 1997, p. 164.
748. (557) "McVegh's Fngerprnts Not on Key Items," CNN, 5/15/97.
749. (*) As the Assocated Press recenty reported, poce n upstate New York had
been fasfyng evdence, ncudng fngerprnts, for years.
750. (558) |m Garrson, On The Trial of the Assassins (New York, NY: Warner
Books, 1988), p. 113.
751. (559) Whtehurst contended the probems n the FBI's ab had been occurrng
snce at east 1989.
752. (560) Davd |ohnston and Andrew C. Revkn, "Report Fnds FBI Lab Sppng
From Pnnace of Crme Fghtng," New 'ork Times, 1/29/97.
753. (561) "Report: FBI Lab Botched Okahoma Bombng Evdence," CNN, 3/22/97.
754. (*) As Whtehurst stated: ".Mr. Thurman, n my estmaton does ntentonay
msrepresent evdence and s, absoutey, wthout a doubt, beyond any possbe
other expanaton's grasp, resut orented. He wants the answer that w prove
gut.."
755. (**) Whtehurst testfed that he was tod not to provde any nformaton or
evdence, such as aternate theores to the urea-ntrate theory, that coud be used
by the defense to chaenge the prosecutors' hypothess of gut n the Word Trade
Center case. (Ryan Ross, "Bastng the FBI," "i%ital !ity "ener, 1997)
756. (562) |ohn Key, "FBI: McVegh Contradctons," 2nclassified, date unknown;
Memorandum to A U.S. Attorneys from |ohn Keeney, Actng Assstant Attorney
Genera, 1/4/96, copy n author's possesson; "Outsde Experts to Revew FBI Crme
Lab," Wall Street Journal, 9/19/95; "Team to Investgate FBI Chemst's Bas Cams,"
Assocated Press, date unknown; Perre Thomas, "FBI Lab Audt Fnds Some
Dscrepances," Washin%ton )ost, 9/15/95.
757. (**) "Mr. Wams. rewrote my reports n an unauthorzed rewrtng, ssued
these reports, unauthorzed, changes beng n them, and changed the meanng of
the reports I thnk, wthout reazng t," Whtehurst ater testfed.
758. (563) Memorandum to Scentfc Anayss Chef |ames Kearny, copy n author's
possesson, date unknown.
486
759. (564) Garrson, O* !it., P. 116.
760. (565) "FBI Furor,"2nclassified, Summer, 1997.
761. (566) Ryan Ross, "Bastng the FBI," "i%ital !ity "ener, 1997.
762. (567) Noan Cay, "McVegh Items Sezed From Home, Bref Says," "aily
Oklahoman, 6/11/96; U.S. v. McVegh, testmony of Speca Agent Steven
Burmester.
763. (568) Karen Abbott, "Defense Says FBI Tanted Resdue: Evdence Ouestoned;
Brtsh Expert Testfes; The Tabes Turn Today, Rocky Mountain News, 5/21/97.
Burmester sad he photographed the crystas before they dsappeared.
764. (569) Deputy Sherff Cnt Boeher, ntervew wth author.
765. (570) Ryan Ross, "i%ital !ity "ener, 1997. Reno woud ater comment, "It s
unfar, t s unreasonabe, t s a e to spread the poson that the government was
responsbe at Waco for the murder of nnocents. That knd of anguage s
unacceptabe n a socety that vaues truth."
766. (571) U.S. v. McVegh.
767. (*) McVegh seected Okahoma Cty for the fact that the agents and the
orders that came out of that budng were responsbe for the tragedy at Waco,
Forter aeged at tra.
768. (572) The gun - a Ruger Mn-30 rfe, Sera No. 18957425 - was actuay
purchased by Terry Nchos on November 10, 1993, from Randy's Huntng and
Sport n Bad Axe, Mchgan.
769. (573) Hoppy Hedeberg, ntervew wth author.
770. (574) Copy of etter n author's possesson.
771. (575) Davd Maranse, Perre Thomas, "Offcas See Conspracy of at Least
Four n Bast; Probe Focuses on Suspect's Rght-Wng Tes, Washin%ton )ost,
4/23/95.
772. (576) (+id.
773. (577) "allas Mornin% News, 6/15/95.
774. (578) Peter Carson, Washin%ton )ost, 3/23/97.
487
775. (*) Hartzer's etter, |ones sad n hs bref, "ndcates that the |ustce
Department s st searchng for |ohn Doe No. 2 and may be reeasng
dsnformaton to essen pubc pressure to fnd |hm|."
776. (579) Noan Cay and |ohn Parker, "|ohn Doe 2 St Sought, Letter: Says
Prosecutors Doubt Wtnesses Mstaken," The "aily Oklahoman, date unknown.
777. (580) Wam |asper, New American, date unknown.
778. (581) Noan Cay and Penny Owen, "'Wacky Theores' Unfar, McVegh
Attorney Says," "aily Oklahoman,10/29/96. "We have an obgaton to nvestgate
everythng," Hartzer tod a group of bombng vctms. "And f we fnd some rumor
or whatever t s, t makes t nto an FBI report."
779. (582) |ohn Gbson, ntervew wth Chares Key and V.Z. Lawton, MSNBC,
4/25/97; V.Z. Lawton, ntervews wth author.
780. (583) New 'ork Times, 12/3/95.
781. (*) The federa prosecutors' ame excuse for confnng the evdence to
McVegh and Nchos was to mantan a "deadne" set by federa gudenes on
provdng speedy tras.
782. (584) Harry Waace, CBS Ths Mornng, 10/16/95.
783. (585) |on Rappaport s the author of The Oklahoma $om+in%7 The Su**ressed
Truth (Santa Monca: Bue Press, 1995).
784. (586) Hoppy Hedeberg, ntervew wth author.
785. (587) |.D. Cash, "New Investgaton Into Okahoma Cty Bombng Demanded,"
Ju+ilee, Nov/Dec, 1995. In the Whtewater affar, a speca federa |udge pane, by
statute, apponted an Independent Counse, Kenneth Starr, supposed to be
separate and apart from the |ustce Department. Under the aw, ths was supposed
to assure the pubc that there woud be an "ndependent" nvestgaton of possbe
hgh-eve crmnaty, not a whte-wash. Mgue Rodrguez was reportedy bocked
by Starr and others from probng and cang ndependent wtnesses, not
necessary FBI nor forensc experts behoden to a potca agenda. A ths, n
respect to suspcons that Whte House deputy counse Vncent Foster, |r. was not
reay a sucde but murdered. "Whtewater And The 'Runaway' Federa Grand
|ury", Sherman H. Skonck. !ons*iracy Nation, Vo. 5, No. 30.
786. (*) It seemed that the |ohn Doe 2 ead was offcay dropped n eary May. An
FBI memo regardng a |ohn Doe 2 ead nstructs a FBI offces: "In vew of the fact
that the Okahoma Command Post has drected a offces to hod unsub #2 eads
n abeyance, San Francsco w conduct no further nvestgaton regardng ths
ead." (174A-OC-56120 TPR:tpr, nvestgaton was conducted by Speca Agent (SA)
488
Thomas P. Ravenee regardng Rchard Dehart, DOB 6/21/65, as a Phoenx resdent
and a possbe ook- ake for unsub #2, dated 5/3/95.)
787. (588) Reddy and Wmsen, O* !it.
788. (589) Dr. Pau Heath, ntervew wth author.
789. (590) Sharon Cohen, Assocated Press, 4/27/95, quoted n Armstrong, O* !it,
p. 27.
790. (*) It shoud be noted that McVegh was supposedy on the road on Apr 12,
traveng from Kngman to |uncton Cty.
791. (591) Barbara Whttenberg, ntervew wth author.
792. (592) |ayna Davs, ntervew wth author.
793. (593) Lnda Kuhman and Physs Kngsey, ntervews wth author.
794. (594) Conne Hood, ntervew by Genn Wburn and |.D. Cash; Keth, O* !it.,
p. 147.
795. (595) (+id.
796. (596) Tony Boer, Assstant Pro|ect Manager, Goodw Industres, ntervew
wth author.
797. (597) |err-Lynn Backhous and Dornda Hermes , ntervews wth author.
798. (598) Kevn Fynn, "Guard saw 2nd truck at budng: Story Mrrors Bombng
Tra Wtness' Account of Bast Day," Rocky Mountain News, 5/24/97.
799. (599) Arnod Hamton, "allas Mornin% News, 11/27/95.
800. (600) Bran Ford, "McVegh Paced at Kansas Store," Tulsa World, 9/12/97.
801. (601) Hamton, O* !it.
802. (*) Ths s the same thng that Bran Marsha, the |ohnny's Tre Store
empoyee, sad.
803. (*) Davd Snder, ntervew wth author. Snder appeared to be a credbe
wtness.
804. (602) Mark Eddy, "Wtnesses Te a Dfferent Story," "ener )ost, 6/16/96.
805. (603) Rodney |ohnson, ntervew wth author.
489
806. (604) "Some Wtnesses Leery Of Bombng Grand |ury," "aily Oklahoman,
8/10/97.
807. (605) Monterey !ounty 8erald, 4/29/95, quoted n Armstrong, O* !it, p. 8.
808. (606) |udy Kuhman and Dana Badwn, "Wtnesses Say McVegh Not Aone -
Testmony Paces |ohn Doe 2, Another Man Wth Bomber," "aily Oklahoman,
9/11/97.
809. (607) "FBI Searchng for Thrd Man n Okahoma Cty Bombng," CNN, 3/10/97.
810. (*) "Reference ead #10,220: Referenced ead #10,220, San Francsco was
drected to ocate and ntervew LESTER SCANLON concernng hs knowedge of
STEVEN COLBERN. In vew of the fact that COLBERN has been emnated as a
suspect n ths matter, San Francsco w conduct no further nvestgaton
concernng ead #10,220." (FBI memo dated 5/3/95.)
811. (608) Cash, Media $y*ass, February, 1996, O* !it.
812. (*) As the 3e%al Times noted: "Wthn hours of andng, |Deputy A. G. Merrck|
Garand was ht by a barrage of ega concerns.. In subsequent days, Garand met
wth Okahoma County Dstrct Attorney Robert Macy, genty notfyng hm of the
|ustce Department's desre not to have a oca nvestgaton gong on
smutaneousy."
813. (609) Foregn Pocy Insttute expert, confdenta ntervew wth author.
814. (*) The Brady Rue and Federa Rue of Crmna Procedure 16(a)(1)(C)
provdes: "Upon request of the defendant the government sha permt the
defendant to nspect and copy and photograph, books, papers, documents,
photographs. whch are wthn the possesson, custody or contro of the
government, and whch are matera to the preparaton of the defendant's defense.
."
815. (610) U.S. v. McVegh, Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus,
3/25/97.
816. (611) Ambrose Evans Prtchard, "Vctms Sue n Okahoma: Fght for Truth,"
3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h, 3/23/97.
817. (612) |.D. Cash and |eff Hoaday, "Day of Bast 'an Amazng Concdence,'"
Mc!urtain ,a-ette, 12/1/95.
818. (613) Pat Brey, ntervew wth author.
819. (*) |udge Matsch was not mpressed wth ths evdence. He commented durng
tra that there must be haf a mon bue GMC pck-ups wth camper tops.
490
820. (614) Ken Armstrong, ntervew wth Okahoma Hghway Patro, August 30,
1995.
821. (615) Amber McGaughn, ntervew wth author.
822. (616) Ken Armstrong, No Amatuer "id This (Aptos, CA: Backeye Press, 1997).
823. (*) The asserton was that McVegh was demonstratng how to make a
"shaped charge," whch woud have been mpossbe to make usng 55-gaon
barres of ANFO.
824. (617) Testmony of Deborah Brown, U.S. v. McVegh. The author has had
persona experence wth methamphetamne users, and can vouch for the drug's
abty to nduce psychotc states.
825. (*) In fact, Forter was very ntent durng testmony on mpressng upon the
|ury that the guns from the Moore "robbery" were stoen, sayng n response to
|ones' cross-examnaton: "No, no! I'm convnced those guns were stoen!" As |.D.
Cash observed, Forter's successfu pea-bargan was party dependent on carryng
that fact forward.
826. (618) Hoppy Hedeberg, ntervew wth |on Rappaport.
827. (*) Even |udge Matsch was forced to te the |ury: "You shoud bear n mnd
that a wtness who has entered nto such an agreement has an nterest n ths case
dfferent from any ordnary wtness. A wtness who reazes that he may be abe to
obtan hs own freedom or receve a ghter sentence by gvng testmony favorabe
to the prosecuton has a motve to testfy fasey. Therefore, you must examne hs
testmony wth cauton and wegh t wth great care."
828. (619) The Fifth &state, Fa, 1996, Vo. 31, #2.
829. (620) "ener )ost, 5/6/97.
830. (621) "|uror's Emotons Wth Cryng Wtnesses," The S*otli%ht, 5/26/97.
831. (622) "Nchos' Wfe Says She Ddn't Understand FBI Consent Form," CNN,
6/28/96
832. (623) Keth, O* !it., p. 35.
833. (624) Chrs Hansen, "Hs Brother's Keeper," Datene, 1995, quoted n Keth, p.
36; Bob Popavtch, ntervew wth author.
834. (*) Most notceaby the Tulsa World, whch earned the knck-name, The Tulsa
)rada0. The "aily Oklahoman has been caed the ."aily Joke-la-homan. by ocas.
491
835. (**) Levne aso gracousy represented Representatve Key and severa
nvestgators, ncudng the author, who had set up a chartabe trust to nvestgate
the bombng, for free, and brought Chcken soup to the author when he was sck.
836. ( Keatng tod Gary Harper durng one of hs weeky ctzen chat sessons that
Key was seepng wth a |udge's wfe. Keatng aso unsuccessfuy tred to fnd a
potca canddate to run aganst the popuar 5-term Representatve. As )ortland
Free )ress pubsher Ace Hayes wrtes, "|Keatng| s a pure devotee of Impera
State power and hs approach s, 'to he wth free speech, free thought or free
assocaton.' He w protect the rch by attackng peope no matter what fne words
he swears an oath to.."
837. (625) Robby Tramme and Randy Es, "Ca For Bomb Investgaton Debated,"
"aily Oklahoman, 6/29/95.
838. (626) As we argued when Key frst set out on ths course, the Legsature and
ts staff had no busness nvestgatng the bombng. It was, and s, poory equpped
to do so. The same can be sad of a pane of oca ctzens who woud be asked to
nvestgate one of the most compcated cases ever to come before the courts. Yet
as The New American ponted out, state egsatures are reguary tasked on
mportant and senstve nvestgatons. And the County Grand |ury? Is that not "a
pane of oca ctzens," the same as the Federa Grand |ury that orgnay
"nvestgated" the bombng?
839. (**) It s nterestng to examne the atttudes of the Tulsa World and "aily
Oklahoman n ght of ther sster papers n Nebraska and Arkansas, two other
corrupton-rdden states. Former Nebraska State Senator |ohn DeCamp
nvestgated a shockng pattern of fnanca mpropretes, chd abuse, and murder
n hs home state. In hs book, The Franklin !oer-2*, DeCamp exhorts the meda
to honesty report the facts. But, as DeCamp notes, ".the World-8erald1s ong-
standng pattern of behavor s |ust the opposte. If t has an edtora atttude on a
story, ts news coverage and every other aspect of the newspaper are mustered to
accentuate the preferred sde of the ssue and suppress opposng vews.. "Why a
ths effort? Because, tragcay, the peope who contro the World-8erald appear to
have a strong vested nterest n suppressng the truth.." As The !linton
!hronicles notes wth regard to Arkansas: "Frst, the Cntons have very cevery
manpuated and compromsed the press n Arkansas, a sma state wth ony one
ma|or newspaper, the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette.... Despte reveatons of
scanda after scanda regardng the Cntons, the Arkansas press has been n a
state of dena, portrayng most of the reveatons as attacks on the peope of
Arkansas themseves." ||ohn W. DeCamp, The Franklin !oer-u*7 !hild A+use/
Satanism/ and Murder in Ne+raska (Lncon, NE: AWT, Inc., 1996), p.95; Patrck
Matrscana, The !linton !hronicles, (Hemet, CA: |eremah Books, 1994), p. 21.|
840. (627) Noan Cay and Penny Owen, "'Wacky Theores' Unfar, McVegh
Attorney Says," "aily Oklahoman,10/29/96.
492
841. (*) Shorty after Key and Wburn drew up ther petton to mpane the grand
|ury, a b was ntroduced n the State Legsature to change the grand |ury
pettonng process.
842. (628) Mark Sanford, ntervew wth author.
843. (629) Even Pamer admtted that the statutes were mted as to what |udge
Owens coud do or how he coud nterpret the aw.
844. (*) The County ddn't possess the resources and funds, Pamer reped, to
pursue such a bg case. Besdes, she peaded, the "nvestgaton" was aready
"compete," beng a "thorough nvestgaton" from "severa dfferent federa
agences."( Pamer camed a County Grand |ury woud "|eopardze the Federa
case." The federa gag order prevents ntervewng prospectve wtnesses, she
camed. Sanford countered that there woud be no nterference wth the federa
case as ong as they were ntervewng wtnesses and suspects that federa
prosecutors gnored, whch seem to be n abundance.
845. (630) Moore, O* !it., p. 140.
846. (631) Dstrct Attorney Bob Macy, ntervew wth author.
847. (632) Rep. Chares Key, ntervews wth author.
848. (633) Dana Badwn and |udy Kuhman, "Court Fngs Stop Bombng
Testmony of Posta Worker," "aily Oklahoman, 9/9/97.
849. (634) Rta Cosby, FOX News, 4/4/97.
850. (635) Intervew wth |ayna Davs. Macy's Assstant DAs who handed that case
were |ohn Farey and |ane Brown.
851. (636) "aily Oklahoman, 8/14/97.
852. (**) "They're comng up wth a substtute for proof," sad Denver defense
attorney Larry Pozner. "They're softenng the |ury up wth emotona testmony
about the bombng and McVegh's potcs. They're sayng, 'We' gve you every
reason n the word to hate Tm McVegh.'" (Kevn Fynn, "Softenng the |ury,"
Rocky Mountain News, 5/8/97.)
853. (637) "The CIA & The Meda," Rollin% Stone, 10/20/77, cted n Mark
Zepezauer, The !(A1s ,reatest 8its, 1994.
854. (638) Mark Sanford, ntervew wth author; Wam |asper, "OKC Investgator
Under Attack, " New American, 6/23/97.
493
855. (639) Bran Ford, "Fund-Rasng Probed: |ury Looks nto Efforts of Rep. Chares
Key," Tulsa World, 5/6/97.
856. (640) |asper, O* !it.
857. (*) |ust as the etter s a sham masqueradng as an honest response from
bombng survvors, Drew Edmondson |and Frank Keatng| are sub-human peces of
effuva masqueradng as human bengs.
858. (*) Nor the rewards of potca offce and brbes.
859. (641) (+id.
860. (642) Bran Ford, "McVegh Paced at Kansas Store,"Tulsa World, 9/12/97.
861. (*) Fortunatey, the smear tactcans weren't successfu at dsuadng everyone
from the truth. In a CNN/USA TODAY/GALLUP po conducted n Apr of 1996, 68
percent of those surveyed sad they ddn't agree that a of the suspects have been
captured.
862. (*) The budng was demoshed because offcas camed t was an eyesore,
an erre remnder of that tragc day. Yet authortes made no effort to remove the
charred, twsted, gutted remans of the Athenan Restaurant drecty across the
street, whch to ths day st stands as a shockng monument to the brutaty of the
bombng.
863. (*) Accordng to a 1988 GAO (Genera Accountng Offce) report, the Federa
Budng was not a "safe" pace to nsta a day care center. Aegedy based on the
1983 pot by whte supremacst Rchard Wayne Sne (CSA member and frend of
Robert Mar) to bomb the facty, the report concuded that a day care center
shoud not be paced nsde the Murrah Budng. "No federa aw enforcement
agents who worked n the budng, ncudng the BATF, Secret Servce, and the
DEA, ever had any of ther chdren n the Murrah's day care center. ever," sad
Smth.
864. (*) Smth companed that when she appears on oca rado shows, t seems to
her that "more peope around here now hate me than ke me... Peope that don't
want to thnk that the government woud do such a thng."
865. (643) Genn Wburn, ntervew wth author.
866. (644) Kathy Wburn and Edye Smth, ntervew wth author.
867. (645) "Tested by Fre," )eo*le magazne, date unknown, quoted n, Gene
Wheaton, "Another Bush Boy," )ortland Free )ress/ July :CCD. Keatng stated, "The
eftsts I deat wth woud never consder themseves patrots, and they had
contempt for the government. The rght-wng crowd has contempt for the
494
government, and yet see themseves as patrots. It's a curous anomay, but both
of them are very smar."
868. (*) "Because of my youthfu appearance, I dd undercover work on the
Berkeey campus," Keatng sad. The assgnment dssoved shorty after Keatng
attended a Back Panther ray. A federa nformant who ater dentfed peope at
the protest took one ook at a photo of Keatng and muttered, "That's a pg."
(Oklahoma ,a-ette, 9/26/97)
869. (*) Keatng aso presded over the federa prson system. Hs wfe, Cathy, s a
consutant to 20S0 News 5 World Re*ort, a magazne that often serves as an organ
of back propaganda.
870. (646) Gene Wheaton, "Another Bush Boy," )ortland Free )ress, |uy 1995.
871. (647) Ace Hayes, etter to author.
872. (648) Deposton of Wam C. Duncan, copy n author's possesson.
873. (*) Interestngy, Mena/Iran-Contra payer Raymond "Buddy" Young, the
former Arkansas State Poce Captan who tod ADFA drector Larry Nchos he was
a "dead man" f he dd not drop hs sut aganst Cnton, was apponted drector of
FEMA's (Federa Emergency Management Agency) Regon IV post by Cnton. FEMA
payed a sgnfcant coordnaton roe n the aftermath of the Okahoma Cty
bombng. Was Young gven the $90,000-a-year |ob to keep hs mouth shut?
874. (**) In fact, Wheaton suggested that Keatng s beng groomed for the 2000
presdenta |or vce-presdenta| canddacy.
875. ( The same reason for demoshng the Federa Budng was gven for
demoshng the budngs at Waco: "Safety concerns." Yet the Waco budngs were
mes from anywhere. Furthermore, an archtect who nspected the Federa
Budng soon after the bombng sad there was no mmedate danger. But,
accordng to Davd Ha, owner of KPOC-TV n Ponca Cty, Okahoma, ths archtect
was ater "persuaded" to change hs opnon.
876. (649) Wam |asper, New American, date unknown.
877. (650) Affdavt of Ne Hartey.
878. (651) Messa Knzng, ntervew wth author.
879. (652) Ann Domn, ntervew wth author.
880. (653) Rappaport, O* !it.
881. (654) Hoppy Hedeberg, ntervew wth |on Rappaport.
495
882. (*) In fact, many tmes that I have spoken to Hedeberg, I coud hear the
dstnctve ccks of a tapped phone.
883. (**) "They sent another team out on October 20," added Hedeberg. "Agents
Marry |udd and Dave Swanson. "They sad 'do you know how much troube you're
n?', and I sad 'we, apparenty not,' and I |ust aughed at them ke I'm aughng
now (bursts out aughng). And they don't know what the he to do wth that. What
do you do wth a guy that |ust aughs at you?"
884. (655) Hoppy Hedeberg, ntervew wth author.
885. (656) Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/97, pp. 71-72.
886. (*) |m Garrson, On the Trail of the Assassins (Warner Books, 1988), p.252. In
1993, shorty before Vnce Foster's body was found at Fort Marcy Park, Patrck
Knowton saw a car wth a suspcous ookng character. He nformed the FBI, but
ater companed that the ther renderng of hs testmony was naccurate. After he
was subpoenaed by Kenneth Starr's Whtewater commttee, he was staked and
ntmdated by cars wth cense pates regstered to the U.S. government.
887. (657) Newsweek reporter, confdenta ntervew wth author.
888. (658) Debra Burdck, ntervew wth author.
889. (659) Deposton of |ane C. Graham, 7/20/97; Statement of |ane Graham,
11/15/96.
890. (660) Sharon Cohen, Assocated Press, 4/26/95; Bran Duffy, "The Manhunt:
Twstng Tra," 20S0 News 5 World Re*ort, 5/8/95.
891. (661) B |asper, ntervew wth author.
892. (*) Mackey aso accused Davs of teng a bartender n Denver that McVegh
was n the room. Davs dened t.
893. (662) Testmony of |ohn |effrey Davs, U.S. v. McVegh.
894. (663) Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/96, p. 36.
895. (*) Durng the Pan Am 103 nvestgaton, authortes attempted to coerce a
cvan searcher nto sgnng a statement that he had dscovered a pece of
mcrochp on whch the government's theory hnged. In fact, the searcher was
brought a bag of varous undentfed components and asked to sgn the
statement, eventhough he wasn't sure he had found the tems.
896. (664) |.D. Cash, Mc!urtain ,a-ette, quoted n B.C. Specht, "Mnstry of 'Sck
|ustce' Scores Bg Coup," posted on Internet, 5/26/97.
496
897. (665) Ryan Ross, "Fna Wtness Before Exposon - Two Men n Truck, Nether
was McVegh?" "i%ital !ity "ener News, 5/23/97; Adran Croft, "Okahoma Cty
Bombng Tra Takes Dramatc Twst," Reuter, 5/23/97.
898. (666) Dana Badwn and Ed Godfrey, "Sghtng Accounts Dffer - Grand |ury
Wtnesses Put Bomber n 2 Paces," "aily Oklahoman, 7/15/97.
899. (667) Rep. Chares Key, ntervew wth author, account of ntervew wth Gary
Lews.
900. (*) Heath caed the agent's supervsor and companed, then, when he asked
how he coud f out a Freedom of Informaton Act request to see what the FBI had
sad about hm, was tod they ddn't know where he coud get one. When he went
to the FBI offce, he was rebuffed once agan. After he fnay got the FOIA fed
out, he receved word 60 days ater that hs request was dened.
901. (668) Dr. Pau Heath, ntervew wth author.
902. (669) Davd Keen and Conne Hood, ntervew by |.D. Cash, tape transcrbed
by author.
903. (*) Ths was orgnay reported on the ma|or networks, then retracted as a
"radar anomay."
904. (670) Roberts, O* !it., p. 311. Part of Roberts' current assgnment as a ason
offcer to an Ar Force Reserve fghter squadron entas anayzng surface-to-ar
threats.
905. (671) ABC Word News Sunday, 07/21/96.
906. (672) New 'ork "aily News, 11/09/96, quoted n (+id.
907. (673) &lftheroty*ia, Athens, 08/23/96. Ian Wams Goddard, "The Veracty of
the Russe Report," 11/20/96, posted on Internet. Goddard s the author of the
book, The "ownin% of TWA Fli%ht @;;.
908. (674) (+id.
909. (675) Davd Fughum, "ANG Pot: |et by Ob|ect," Aiation Week 5 S*ace
Technolo%y, 3/10/96, quoted n Goddard, "TWA 800 Msse Theory: Stonger Than
Ever," 1997.
910. (676) "Report: Pot Saw Pro|ecte Near |et," Assocated Press, 7/29/97.
911. (677) E. Phps, P. Mann, "Terrorst Fears Deepen wth 747's Destructon,"
Aiation Week 5 S*ace Technolo%y, 7/22/96, quoted n Goddard, O* !it.
497
912. (678) Assocated Press, 7/20/97, quoted n Wam F. |asper, "What Happened
to TWA 800?" The New American, 10/8/96.
913. (679) Davd Fughum, "ANG Eyewtnesses Re|ect Msse Theory," Aiation
Week 5 S*ace Technolo%y, 7/29/96, quoted n Goddard, O* !it.
914. (680) |oe Sexton, "Behnd a Cam Facade Investgaton Emboded Chaos,
Dstrust, Stress," New 'ork Times, 8/23/96, quoted n Goddard, (+id.
915. (*) Lt. Comdr. Rob Newe, a Navy spokesman at the Pentagon, sad the
Navy's ony arcraft n the area was a P-3 Oron ant-submarne pane, whch does
not carry msses.
916. (681) Letter to Davd Hendrx, Rversde, CA, )ress &nter*rise from
CINCLANTFLT (Commander n Chef Atantc Feet), Pubc Affars offce, 8/30/96,
quoted n Roberts, O* !it., p. 324-25.
917. (682) Pat Mton, "Sanger Stcks By Msse Theory Whe Feds Shoot It Down,"
Assocated Press, 11/9/96.
918. (683) Mnton, O* !it.
919. (684) Bo Grtz, !enter For Action Monthly Newsletter ,Vo. 6 No 11, |une,
1997.
920. (685) "Sonar Fnds Underwater Wreckage," 3e#in%ton 8erald-3eader, 7/21/96,
quoted n Ian Wams Goddard, "TWA 800 Investgaton Cover-Up: The Proof,"
7/26/97, posted on Internet.
921. (686) Ronad W. Lews, "Uncv Ar War" (The Shootdown of TWA Fght 800),"
Air Forces Monthly, No. 104, November 1996, quoted n S0A0F0A0N0 (nternet
Newsletter, No. 213, 12/21/96.
922. (*) Another story that crcuated among the press for a tme reported that the
DEA, aong wth Customs, the Natona Guard, and the Coast Guard, were
practcng how to shoot down drug-smuggng panes wth SAMs (surface-to-ar
msses). The P-3's |ob was to drop whte phosphorous fares, caed We Peters,
to use as targets. Accordng to some reports, the C-130 was seen droppng whte
phosphorous parachute fares before TWA 800 went down. If ths s true, were the
fares beng dropped as part of a target exercse for heat-seekng msses? Or had
C-130 been aerted to a possbe msse threat and dropped fares to dvert
msses from targetng t and other arcraft n the area?
923. (687) |asper, O* !it.
498
924. (688) W. Mchae Ptcher, "Fax Gves Gmpse of Crash Investgaton,"The
Southam*ton )ress, 7/24/97, quoted n Ian Wams Goddard, "Navy Msse Drone
Debrs Found at TWA Crash Ste?" 07/28/97, posted on Internet.
925. (689) Indeed, a ma|or terrorsm summt sponsored by Tehran n |une of 1996
saw deegates from Afghanstan, Pakstan, Iraq, Saud Araba, and other Md-East
and Afrcan states, as we as Bosna-Herzegovna, Germany, France, Brtan,
Canada, and the U.S. come together to form a |ont workng commttee under the
command of the new HzbAah Internatona - transformng that group nto "the
vanguard of the revouton" of the Musm word.
926. (690) Murray Wess, "TWA Probers: Msse Wtnesses 'Credbe,'" New 'ork
)ost, 9/22/96.
927. (691) Mchae D. Towe, "Msse Unkey, but not Rued Out n Crash," Fort
Worth Star-Tele%ram, 7/20/96.
928. (692) "U.S. Worres Over Msses t Gave Afghan Rebes: U.S. Concerned that
Stnger Ant-arcraft Msses Coud Get nto the Wrong Hands," New 'ork Times,
4/27/92; "As Afghan War Fundng Dres Up, Weapons Food Pakstan Market,"
!hristian Science Monitor, 1/8/92; "Afghan Rebe Bars Return of U.S. Stngers"
(Isamc Party of Yuns Khas), New 'ork Times, 3/14/89; numerous other artces
reported ths.
929. (693) Letter from Rodney Stch to Senator Aren Specter, 10/20/95, posted on
Internet.
930. (694) In the ate 1970s, two Rhodesan arners were reportedy shot down by
Russan SA-7s. In 1986, a Sudan Arways |et was shot down by a SAM. And n
September of 1993, Abkhazan separatsts of the ex-Sovet repubc of Georga shot
down three Tu-134 and Tu-154 arners usng shouder-fred SAMs from boats out
on the Back Sea. The FBI was advsed that sma msses such as the Russan SA-
14 Gremn, SA-16 Gmet and SA-18 Grouse, are equpped wth "proportona
convergence ogc" systems senstve enough to home n on arframe radaton
once t nears ts target.
931. (695) Towe, O* !it.
932. (696) |asper, O* !it.
933. (697) Wess, O* !it.
934. (698) Washin%ton Times, 12/17/96.
935. (699) Aen, O* !it.
936. (700) Wam |asper, New American, date unknown.
499
937. (701) (+id.
938. (*) He sad they made up a bogus compant about hm threatenng a reporter.
I spoke to that reporter and dscovered the compant was fase.
939. (702) Pau Oueary "Okahoma Hero Commts Sucde," Assocated Press,
5/13/96.
940. (*) Accordng to Rvera, the recactrant poce offcer was forced nto makng
a pubc servce announcement wth Governor Keatng. "He was tod he'd make
that or he was fred," sad Rvera. The offcer they sent to Washngton to accept an
award on behaf of the OCPD, he tod Rvera, wasn't even at the ste!
941. (*) Yeakey was aso angry because he coudn't get access to hs own report
about the bombng (whch numbered between 9-10 pages). "He was n a fu-
fedged rampage over the report," sad Rvera, whom he woudn't even show t to.
942. (703) Cpt. Ted Carton, ntervew wth author.
943. (*) Interestngy, Yeakey's superors, Ma|or Upchurch and Lt. Randa,
accordng to Rvera, were camng Yeakey was "deusona" from the back n|ury he
sustaned durng hs fa n the Murrah Budng on Apr 19.
944. (704) Okahoma Cty Medca Examner's Report, copy n author's possesson;
Dr. Larry Badng and Dr. Fred |ordan, ntervew wth author. They sad the drug
test costs between $400 and $500 doars.
945. (705) Report of ME nvestgator |effrey A. Legg, CME-1 Report, copy n
author's possesson.
946. (*) Severa Medca Examners expaned that t s not uncommon for an
ndvdua to attempt sucde by one method, then contnue to take addtona
measures unt they are dead. San Francsco's ME tod me about a man who, upon
dscoverng he had AIDS, tred to hang hmsef, then threw hmsef off the bacony.
Perhaps Terrance Yeakey was not satsfed wth hs aeged attempts to sash
hmsef. As Dr. Fred |ordan, Okahoma's Chef Medca Examner expaned, "It
hurts, and nothng much s happenng."
947. (706) Ths was verfed by schoo offcas.
948. (707) The harassment and surveance on Rvera and the rest of the famy
was confrmed by Vck |ones, and her husband, Reverend Genn |ones. Reverend
|ones tod me that Rvera had come to them severa tmes "frantc" that she was
beng taed and harassed. Vck saw evdence of the break-ns at Rvera's
apartment.
500
949. (708) Tayor recaed the ncdent for ths author. "There's ony a few tmes n
my fe that I remember that somebody had done somethng werd ke that, and
that's why I wrote t down."
950. (709) Tona-Rvera Yeakey, ntervew wth author. They had at one tme been
frends, she expaned, but had a fang-out n 1992, and had remaned apart ever
snce. Rvera attempted to hre an attorney to brng a Sander sut aganst |m
Ramsey, based on the fase aegatons of hs death. No oca attorney woud
accept t.
951. (710) OCPD Detectve Munex, ntervew wth author.
952. (711) Regardng Rvera's source, she camed he knew thngs about her that
no one coud possby have known. "He sat there and tod me about stuff I hadn't
tod anybody," whch ncuded break-ns at her apartment.
953. (712) Offcer Mke Ramsey, ntervew wth author.
954. (713) Ths fndng s based on the testmony of a former poce offcer and
Marne snper.
955. (*) Ths funera home, curousy enough, has been mxed up n some rather
strange ncdents.
956. (714) Karen Von T., etter to author.
957. (715) The author knows the name of ths ndvdua, but cannot reease t at
ths tme.
958. (716) Shaun |ones, ntervew wth author.
959. (717) FAA report, copy n author's possesson. Investgators and pots I've
taked to ndcated varous ways a pane can be rgged to crash, ncudng
tamperng wth the fue gauge so t reads fu when empty, and puttng a corrosve
acd on the contro cabes.
960. (718) Mke Evett, ntervew wth author.
961. (719) Cnt Boeher, ntervew wth author. Interestngy, Boeher woud ater
dscount the murder scenaro of poce offcer Terrance Yeakey, despte
overwhemng evdence that Yeakey was murdered.
962. (720) Chrstopher C. Lyons, "The Whtewater FAO: Deaths & In|ures," 1996,
posted on Internet.
963. (721) |ohn De Camp, The Franklin !oer-2*L FAA report, copy n author's
possesson.
501
964. (722) Medca Examner's report, 8/5/97, by Dr. Fred |ordan, copy n author's
possesson.
965. (*) He was wearng a t-shrt nscrbed: "Nameess Sants We Gve Our Thanks
- The hundreds of peope that gve t ther a wthout persona ndvdua
acknowedgment, Apr 19, 1995, Okahoma Cty, OK"
966. (723) Dan Rchardson, ntervew wth author.
967. (**) Hs partner was ATF agent Harry Eberhardt.
968. (724) |ohn Mchae |ohnston, ntervew wth author.
969. (725) A Martn on the Tom Vaentne show, date unknown. The author has
ntervewed Martn extensvey.
970. (726) Crag Roberts and |ohn Armstrong, JF47 The "ead Witnesses (Tusa,
Okahoma: Consodated Press Int', 1995), pp. -v, 173-76.
971. (727) D'Ferdnand Carone, ntervew wth author. Carone was subsequenty
threatened by anonymous teegram after I ntervewed her on my rado show,
KHNC, Denver, Amercan Freedom Network.
972. (*) The ony manstream meda who have made some effort to report the
truth have been CNN, the "allas Mornin% News, the "ener )ost, FOX News, and
ABC 20/20. Unfortunatey, the nformaton 20/20 presented ony covered mted
aspects of pror knowedge by the government. KFOR, the ony staton that has
covered the Mdde Eastern connecton, ceased ther reportng when they were
bought out by the New York Tmes Broadcastng Company.
973. (*) Potts was ater taken off the case due to the heat from the Ruby Rdge
ncdent.
974. (*) As a sdene, the FBI and DO| occasonay arrest and prosecute rea
crmnas.
975. (728) Rae |ean Isaac, "Abusve |ustce: |anet Reno's Drty Secret," National
Reiew, 6/30/97.
976. (*) In 1984, Reno prosecuted Grant Snowden, Mam's 1983 Poce Offcer of
the Year, whose wfe ran a day-care center. Snowden had threatened to report a
father whose son showed up wth bruses. The man retaated by accusng
Snowden of the abuse. The case was fnay dropped when the psychatrst
examnng the boy reveaed that the father had coerced the chd nto per|ury.
Reno pervservered, however, brngng n two sef-styed chd-abuse experts -
|oseph and Laure Braga - to ect the requred testmony from the atest vctm
that Reno's offce had turned up. Snowden was acqutted. Makng good on her
502
promse to try Snowden one chd at a tme unt there was a convcton, Reno
pushed ahead. Whe the atest chd was not even abe to dentfy Snowden n
court, the |udge aowed the testmony from the prevous two chdren (eventhough
Snowden was found to be nnocent), excuded testmony of Snowden's fawess
record, and sentenced hm to secure fve consecutve fe sentences.( These
cases, athough hghy manpuated by government prosecutors, shoud not be
taken as an nference that chd-abuse, ncudng rtua chd abuse, does not occur,
as some meda pundts have tred to suggest.
977. (**) Reno had prevousy dspayed her concern for chdren when severa
days earer, two men who had drven a day and a nght from Indana to brng
baby food to the chdren at Waco were arrested.
978. (729) Thompson, O* !it.
979. (**) Letter from Rep. |ames Trafcant to members of Congress, 4/15/97, copy
n author's possesson. Trafcant ntroduced a b (H.R. 692) that seeks the
appontment of an ndependent counse to nvestgate cases of DO| msconduct.
The b s pendng as of ths wrtng.
980. (*) As the Congressona commttee probng the Insaw affar ater wrote: "The
enhanced PROMIS software was stoen by hgh eve |ustce offcas and dstrbuted
nternatonay n order to provde fnanca gan to Dr. Bran and to further
ntegence and foregn pocy ob|ectves of the Unted States."
981. (730) Ratner was then pad $120,000 over the next fve years on the
condton that he not practce aw durng that tme. Former Mossad agent Ar Ben-
Menashe camed he personay saw a cabe from Israe's |ont Commttee to the
U.S., requestng that $600,000 be transferred from the CIA-Israe sush fund to
Hadron to pay Rarner. Former Natona Securty Advsor Robert "Bud" McFarane
had sod PROMIS to the Israes.
982. (731) Rodney Stch, "efraudin% America (Aamo, CA: Dabo Western Press,
1994), pp. 371-97.
983. (732) $arron1s, 3/21/88. As |udge Bason wrote, "I have come to beeve that
my non-reappontement as bankruptcy |udge was the resut of mproper nfuence
from wthn the |ustce Department whch the current appontment process faed
to prevent."
984. (733) Stch, O* !it., pp. 377-78.
985. (*) (+id., pp. 394-95. Sherman Skonck and Mark Sato of Chcago's Ctzens
Commttee to Cean Up the Courts fed a awsut aganst Bua and Knght, chargng
them wth obstructon of |ustce. They nformed Bua that they were gong to
crcumvent the speca prosecutor and present evdence to the grand |ury
503
themseves. Bua reped that he woud hod them n contempt. "I do not ntend to
prosecute anyone," he tod them.
986. (*) Those wthn the DO| who had an nterest n coverng up Casoaro's death
were quck to pont out that the nvestgatve reporter suffered from Mutpe
Sceross, and was therefore despondent. Interestngy, Hartzer aso suffers from
Mutpe Sceross. In hs etter to Dwre, he adds: "The more the mpct connecton
between Mr. Casoaro's Mutpe Sceross and hs sucde may create too dre a
pcture of Mutpe Sceross. That nkage nvtes readers to cuck wth pty and nod
knowngy about the presumaby devastatng effect of Mutpe Sceross.. I trust
that f Ms. Reno, Ms. Gorck and Mr. Smth are not aready famar wth MS, you
w offer them ths note of baance and assure them that Mutpe Sceross
fourshes even n the |ustce Department and expects no pty."
987. (734) Robert Schmdt, "Low Key, Hgh Pressure," 3e%al Times, 9/2/96.
988. (*) Leghton was the secret attorney for Lee Harvey Oswad.
989. (735) "An Irrestbae Case," Newsweek, 8/14/95.
990. (736) Schmdt, O* !it. |ustce Department offcas say Hartzer's dsabty
payed no roe n hs seecton.
991. (737) (+id.
992. (738) Sherman Skonck, !ons*iracy Nation, date unknown.
993. (*) It has aso been specuated that Rchardson was the Assstant U.S.
Attorney who was provdng nformaton to Tona Rvera-Yeakey about the murder
of her ex-husband, through an ntermedary. Accordng to Rchardson's brother
Dan, Ted had a stabe, ovng reatonshp wth hs wfe, |ue, and adored hs
chdren. Dan tod me hs brother had no reason to commt sucde. He was
aegedy sufferng from "work pressure."
994. (739) The commttee noted: "Rconoscuto stated that a tape recordng of the
teephone threat was confscated by DEA agents at the tme of Rconoscuto's
arrest.. the tmng of the arrest, couped wth Mr. Rconoscuto's aegatons that
tapes of a teephone conversaton he had wth Mr. Vdeneks were confscated by
DEA agents, rases serous questons concernng whether the Department's
prosecuton of Mr. Rconoscuto was reated to hs cooperaton wth the commttee.
995. (740) The government aso attempted to destroy Wam Chasey, author of
The 3ocker+ie !oer-2*.
996. (741) (+id.
504
997. (742) |ohn Ashton, "US Government St on Ropes Over Lockerbe," The Mail
on Sunday, 6/9/96.
998. (743) Kevn Fynn, "Testmony Bocked at Tra of McVegh," Rocky Mountain
News, 7/14/97.
999. (*) "My thought was that t was our government," sad Carone. "I honesty
beeve that." Accordng to one account of the conversaton, Shackey was eated.
1000. (744) D'Ferdnand Carone, ntervew wth author.
1001. (745) Pau Hudson, head of U.S. Pan Am survvors group, ntervew wth
author.
1002. (*) North contacted Meese through Admra Pondexter. Meese nformed
Reve, who caed Deputy Assstant Attorney Genera for the Crmna Dvson Mark
Rchard, and tod hm: "|p|ease get on top of ths; |ensen s gvng a heads up to
the NSC. Deposton of Mark M. Rchard before the |ont Congressona Commttees,
8/19/87, quoted n Chrstc, O* !it0L |ensen s Deputy Attorney Genera Lowe
|ensen; Kener s Attorney Genera Leon Kener. The rest of the conversaton went
as foows: "Ca Kener, fnd out what s up, and advse hm that decson shoud be
run by you"; Cockburn, O* !it., p. 136.
1003. (*) As nvestgatve |ournast |oe Banerman wrtes: Offcas sad that A-
Kassar mantaned offces n Warsaw and was a ma|or broker of the Posh-owned
weapons company, Cenzn. The frst arms purchase by North from a-Kassar
totang $1 mon was sent by boat to an undentfed Carbbean port n the Fa of
985 and was ater dstrbuted to the Contra fghters. In Apr of that year, a second
shpment of Posh arms was sod to the CIA as part of ths transacton. (3os
An%eles Times, 7/17/87, quoted n |oe Banerman, "Bush Admnstraton's
Invovement n Bombng Pan Am 103," )ortland Free )ress, May/|une, 1997. See
Banerman's book, The !rimes of a )resident, SPI Books, 1992, regardng the ega
deas of George Bush). In another part of the dea, more than $42 mon was
aundered through BCCI accounts n the Cayman Isands. A-Kassar earned more
than $1 mon. )riate &ye, 10/25/9, quoted n (+id.)
1004. (746) Admnstraton offcas who dscussed these deas sad A-Kassar had
cear busness nks wth Abu Nda's organzaton, 3os An%eles Times, 7/17/87.
1005. (**) These were the same hostages that sparked the Iran-Contra arms-for-
drugs scanda.
1006. (747) |m Berwck, a Pan Am securty consutant n London, tod Francovch,
"An HM Customs offcer nvoved n the nvestgaton of narcotcs, eft a message
for me. I subsequenty contacted hm and met wth hm and he advsed me that he
had been n Frankfort and had been at a meetng of drug enforcement agents n
505
Germany, Amerca and Brtan, and that t was we known and dscussed at that
meetng that Pan Am was the arne that was beng used as a drug condut."
1007. ( As former Iranan presdent Abuhassan Ban Sadr observed, "The peope
of Iran saw ths as a crme. shootng down an arpane, kng amost 300 peope
s a crme.. Had t nvoved another country, there woud have been ega
proceedngs. A ot of fuss woud have been made a around the word. But here
they destroyed the arcraft, and then congratuated themseves."( (Aan
Francovch, The Maltese "ou+le-!ross, 1992)
1008. (*) U.S. nvestgators traced a wre transfer of severa mon doars from
Teheran to a bank account n Venna controed by the PFLP-GC. (20S0 News 5
World Re*ort, 11/25/9).
1009. (748) One nterestng pece of evdence was a ca to Damascus, Syra,
ntercepted by authortes, n whch Khreesat stated: "I have made some changes
to the medcne. It s better and stronger."
1010. (749) Prtchard, O* !it.
1011. (*) Ths aso rases the ssue of whether Abraham Ahmed, who was reeased
from custody after hs mysterousy-tmed departure from the U.S. after the
Okahoma Cty bombng, was an operatve of the U.S. Government.
1012. (750) Accordng to a speca report n Time (Apr 27, 1992), COREA used the
foowng front companes for ts overseas operatons: Sevens Mantra Corp., AMA
Industres, Wderwood Vdeo and Condor Teevson Ltd. The report reveaed that
Condor dd ts bankng through the Frst Amercan Bank, a subsdary of BCCI.
(Banerman, O* !it. )
1013. (751) Donad Goddard and Lester Coeman, On the Trail of the Octo*us
(London, Boomsbury Pubshng, LTD., 1993), pp. 143, 201.
1014. (*) PBS Frontne nvestgators beeve that the ntegence offcers were "a
strong secondary target."
1015. (**) Avv beeves the orgna target of the attack was Amercan Arnes.
When a Mossad agent tpped off the arne, the target was swtched to Pan Am.
1016. (*) Aso aboard fght 103 was Bernt Carsson, the Swedsh UN dpomat who
had |ust competed negotatng the Namban ndependence agreement wth South
Afrca. He was due n New York the next day to sgn the agreement.
1017. (752) Two separate eyewtnesses remember Genera Crosby orderng the
"mmedate budozng of the crash ste."
506
1018. (*) The passengers were members of the 101st Arborne Dvson, part of a
UN peacekeepng force (MFO) n the Egyptan Sna. Whe offcas sought to
bambooze the pubc wth cams of "wng cng," four members of the Canadan
Avaton Safety Board dsagreed. The fght engneer and ground refueer saw no
sgns of ce on the wngs moments before the pane took off and crashed. Wth the
hep of Over North, Vnce Cannstraro, and CIA Deputy Drector |for European
Operatons| Duane "Dewy" Carrdge (aong wth Bud McFarane and Rchard
Secord) North had been negotatng wth Iran for the reease of the hostages. In
exchange, North was seng the Iranans TOW ant-tank msses and other
equpment for use n ts war wth Iraq. Upon devery and testng of one of the
HAWKs, the Iranans reazed they had receved an oder verson, and fet doube-
crossed. North was tod by one of hs advsors that there was a "good chance of
condemnng some or a of the hostages to death n a renewed wave of Isamc
|had." North's nsoucant response: the deaths of the hostages woud be our
"mnmum osses." Gven what happened next, hs words may have proved
prophetc. Whe the pane was beng oaded, the captan notced that the Egyptan
guard statoned on the ground outsde the arcraft woud "dsappear from hs post
severa tmes, sometmes for as ong as an hour." The baggage handers aso got
nto a fst fght, whch struck hm as odd snce Arabs rarey touch one another due
to regous beefs. Fnay, someone pued a power cord on the tarmac, cuttng a
ght around the pane. Had someone used these dversons to pant a bomb? Gven
the suspcous tran of events, t seems hghy key. Yet f the downng of the pane
was a smpe act of terrorsm, why the eaborate cover-up? Another queston that
has never been satsfactory answered s why there were approxmatey 20
members of an ete Speca Forces unt known as Task Force 160 on the pane.
Ths s sgnfcant, consderng that the roe of the MFO s peacekeepng. In
contrast, Task Force 160's man ob|ectves are covert mssons and rescues. Had
North, reazng hs poston after doube-crossng the Iranans, panned a covert
rescue? North reportedy knew the exact poston of the hostages, down to the
very room they were beng hed. If the rescue attempt faed, dd the 20 mysterous
coffn-szed boxes on the pane contan dead servcemen? Or dd they contan the
18 re|ected HAWKs? Despte attempts to dentfy the cargo through Army fes, no
records of the boxes has ever been found. Ether way, the Iranans were sure to be
angered. A bomb on board a mtary transport woud send a message to the
Amercans that the arm of Isamc |had had a ong reach.
1019. (*) Ths asserton was backed up by NBC News when t reported, on October
30, 990, that the DEA was nvestgatng a Mdde East based heron operaton to
determne whether t was used by the terrorsts to pace a bomb on the fght 103.
Naturay, the DEA dened any connecton to the stng operaton ($arron1s,
12/17/90). Orgna quote, Francovch, O* !it.
1020. (**) Poygraphs conducted on baggage hander Tng Kuzcu by |ames Keefe,
a poygraph examner wth 30 years experence wth the Army's C.I.D., reveaed
that Kuzcu was not teng the truth when he stated that he dd not know who
swtched the sutcase, and further when he stated that he dd not swtch the
sutcases hmsef. He aso ed when he sad that Roand O'Ne, the oadmaster,
507
had not tod hm to swtch the bags. O'Ne aso faed hs poygraph. A second
poygraph examner brought n to revew the resuts agreed wth the fndngs
concernng Kuzcu, but thought the resuts on O'Ne were nconcusve.
1021. (753) Interfor report, copy n author's possesson; PBS Frontne beeves the
sutcase beongng to Gannon was swtched n London. Accordng to ther
nvestgators, Gannon's was the ony pece of uggage not accounted for from the
fght.
1022. ( The fact that the team was onboard made t, n the words of PBS Frontne,
"a strong secondary target." The fact that the team was onboard made t, n the
words of PBS Frontne, "a strong secondary target."
1023. (*) As Brtsh |ournast Davd Ben-Aryeah reported: "Very strange peope
were at work very eary on. Wthn a matter of three hours there were Amercan
accents heard n the town. Over that nght there were arge numbers, by whch I
mean twenty, twenty-fve, thrty peope arrved.." (Franckovch, O* !it.)
1024. (**) As nvestgator and former aw-enforcement offcer Crag Roberts ponts
out n The Medussa File7 "The unusua actvty of ths aeged "FBI" agent s strkng,
but not qute as odd as the fact that Lockerbe s over 350 mes from London,
whch s the nearest pont an Amercan FBI agent mght be. To reach Lockerbe
that nght from London, even f traveng by ar, woud have taken far more than
one hour consderng the sequence of events that woud have had to occur.
Assumng a tmey notfcaton, an Amercan agent n London woud have had to
have been tracked down consderng the ate hour, notfed to pack up for an
nvestgaton, rush to Heathrow, board a watng arpane, fy mmedatey to the
nearest arport that coud and a |et transport, obtan ground transportaton from
there to Lockerbe, then ocate the command center. An effort that woud requre
four to sx hours at the mnmum."
1025. (754) Debra Burdck, ntervew wth author.
1026. (755) |.D. Reed, "Wednesday, Apr 19, 1995: A Back Day for A of Us,"
Workin1 (nterest, Vo. 96, Issue No. 3.
1027. (756) (+id.
1028. (757) (+id.
1029. (758) (+id.
1030. (759) Aen, O* !it.
1031. (760) The |affar can had been at the center of the opum producton n the
Bekka Vaey for years.
508
1032. (761) "Fes Before Vctms," New 'ork "aily News, 5/1/95.
1033. (762) Tusa Fre Captan, confdenta ntervew wth Crag Roberts.
1034. (*) Whe Sherff Deputy Mevn Sumtner tod me he had found the axe, an
Okahoma Cty Poceman, Mke McPherson, camed that he had n fact dscovered
t, as dd an FBI agent. These three accounts were contradcted by Governor Frank
Keatng, who camed that he had actuay found the axe.
1035. (*) Athough Thatcher acknowedged the conversaton took pace, she dened
that she and Bush sought to nterfere wth the nvestgaton.
1036. (*) Interestngy, some of these same payers worked wth CIA Drector B
Casey and Vce Presdent George Bush to bud Iraq (whose presdent, Saddam
Hussen, Bush caed "worse than Hter") nto a ma|or mtary power. Ths pocy
perfecty ustrated the Reagan/Bush admnstraton's propensty to cudde up to
whatever dctator or terrorst was n favor at the tme.
1037. (*) Yet they were st eft wth the probem of provng how the mcrochp had
been traced to A-Megrah and Fhma. The FBI camed t had traced the chp to
Mebo, a Swss manufacturng frm n Zurch run by Edwn Boer. Agents showed
Boer a photograph of the chp, and asked f t was from ther MST-13 O-seres. "I
mmedatey recognzed from the photo that the fragment found n Lockerbe was
wthout a doubt from a tmer that we ourseves had made," stated Boer.Yet they
st hadn't proven s how the tmer had come to be n the possesson of Fhma and
a-Megrah. Stas (East German secret poce) fes showed that Boer had not ony
sod tmers to the Lbyans, but to the Paestnans, the Red Army Facton, and
Arabs n both Germanes. The Stas concuded that Boer was a trpe agent,
probaby workng for the CIA as we, snce he seemed to easy be abe to get very
speca Amercan equpment for them.Yet when Boer asked the FBI to see the
actua fragment, they sad they ddn't have t; the Scottsh poce had t. When
Boer approached the Scottsh poce, they refused to show t to hm. Nor was he
was gven a satsfactory expanaton of how ether the FBI or the Scotts managed
to trace t to the Lbyans.
1038. (*) Oe North served on the pannng commttee that seected the targets
for the Lbyan rad.
1039. (*) When the new aegatons were frst made pubc, Lbya formay offered
to submt the matter to the Internatona Court of |ustce, or to an nternatona
arbtraton trbuna. Ther pea fang on deaf ears, Lbya fnay nvoked Artce 14
of the Montrea Sabotage Conventon, whch states that n the event of a dspute
over the nterpretaton or appcaton of the conventon that cannot be resoved by
means of negotaton, any party has the rght to submt the matter to an
nternatona arbtraton trbuna. A of the offers were |ust re|ected unateray and
summary by the U.S. and the U.K., whch subsequenty rammed a UN Securty
Counc resouton through that was hghy crtca of Lbya.
509
1040. (*) U.S. offcas aso tred to bame the murder of three IBEX executves n
August of 1976 on "Lbyan-traned Isamc Marxst guerras."
1041. (763) |effrey Stenberg, "CIA Man: Iran, Syra Bombed Pan Am 103," The New
Federalist, 7/2/93.
1042. (*) U.S. Attorney Genera Robert Mueer tod the pubc, "We have no
evdence to mpcate another country (other than Lbya) n ths dsaster." Gene
Wheaton descrbed t as "OPSEC" (operaton securty), provdng ayers of
denabty and dsnformaton, fase eads and stores.
1043. (764) In August 991, Larry Coher, a wrter for the Washin%ton Jewish Week,
reported on a set of secret negotatons whch took pace between Syra and the
U.S. over the reease of the hostages and whch ed to a number of covert trps by
Bush to Damascus; Regardng the announcement of the Lbyan theory, see: New
'ork Times, 11/15/91; Time, 4/27/92.
1044. (765) Coeman/Goddard, O* !it., pp. 201, 256, 275; |ames Shaughnessy sad
that he "had aso been advsed separatey by four nvestgatve |ournasts" that
they had "evdence" of these ntercepts, one havng camed to have actuay heard
the tapes. "Fnay, I was tod that Mr. Love|oy used a number of aases, ncudng
Mchae Franks."
1045. (766) Ths wasn't dffcut, as the McKee team (va Gannon) had made ts
trave arrangements through the DEA's trave agent n Ncosa.
1046. (767) A May 989 report n the Arabc newspaper Al-"ustur reported on the
stuaton nvovng Love|oy/Franks/Schafer. Lester Coeman, a traned DIA agent,
cams he warned Hurey repeatedy about the compromsed stuaton. Hurey
woud ater seek to dsmss Coeman's cams as unsubstantated, and seek to
dscredt Coeman.
1047. (*) One person famar wth the case beeves t was Shackey hmsef.
1048. (*) In 1984, Cannstraro, newy transferred to the NSC, oversaw covert
assstance to the Mu|ahadeen.
1049. (768) Dave Emory, Pacfca Rado Network, WBAI-FM, date unknown.
1050. (769) Mke Levne, ntervew wth author.
1051. (*) "NBC News on February 7 carred a somewhat dfferent verson of the
reveatons that ater appeared n the Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, ambguousy
suggestng that athough Howe gave the government nformaton regardng
'aeged threats' pror to the bombng, there s 'no evdence' that she reported
'specfc threats' aganst the Murrah Budng unt two days after the bombng."
510
(Edward Zehr, "Okahoma Cty Cover-up Exposed: But the Manstream Meda are
St n Dena," Washin%ton Weekly, 2/17/97.)
1052. (*) I managed to partay confrm ths by speakng to |udge Babcock, and hs
neghbor, both of whom sad that extra securty was provded the |udge at that
tme.
1053. (770) Dave Hogan, "If He'd Been at Work. Former Portander Says,"
)ortland Ore%onian, 4/20/95.
1054. (771) Genn Wburn, ntervew wth author.
1055. (772) Press conference, 1/14/98.
1056. (773) |.D. Cash and |eff Hoaday, "Day of Bast 'an Amazng Concdence,'"
Mc!urtain ,a-ette, 12/1/95.
1057. (774) Tom |arre, ABC 20/20, 1/17/97.
1058. (775) Ian Wams Goddard, "Federa Government Pror Knowedge of the
Okahoma Cty Bombng," 5/26/97, posted on Internet.
1059. (776) Sherry Koonce, )anola Watchman, 4/23/97.
1060. (777) Aen, O* !it.
1061. (778) KFOR, |ayna Davs reportng, 11/21/96; WNBC Extra, Brad Goode
reportng, 3/19/97.
1062. (779) |.D. Reed, "Wednesday, Apr 19, 1995: A Back Day for A of Us,"
Workin1 (nterest, Vo. 96, Issue No. 3.
1063. (780) (+id.
1064. (781) ABC EXTRA: Pror Knowedge, 11/20/96.
1065. (782) "Indctment: Insde the Okahoma Cty Grand |ury, The Hoppy
Hedeberg Story," Equbrum Entertanment, 1996.
1066. (*) As prevousy mentoned, Guy Rubsamen, the Federa Protectve Servces
guard on duty that nght, sad that nobody had entered the budng. Yet Rubsamen
took off at 2:00 a.m., and camed that nobody was guardng the budng from 2:00
a.m. to 6:00 a.m.
1067. (783) V.Z. Lawton, ntervew wth author; "Dana Badwn and |udy Kuhman,
"Eevator Accounts Ouestoned - Inspector Taks of Bomb's Effect," "aily
OklahoLman, 7/16/97.
511
1068. (784) Wam |asper, "Pror Knowedge: Powerfu Evdence Exsts that
Federa Agents were not Surprsed by OKC Bast," New American, 12/11/95.
1069. (785) "Snce hs story was made pubc, Shaw sad he and hs wfe have
taken a ot of fak over t, and t has created a hardshp for them. 'There's us that
knows the truth and those who hate us. The ones that hate us are the ones tryng
to cover t up,' Shaw sad." ("Some Wtnesses Leery Of Bombng Grand |ury," "aily
Oklahoman, 8/10/97.)
1070. (786) Wam |asper, New American, date unknown.
1071. (787) |.D. Cash, "ATF's Expanaton Dsputed," Mc!urtain Sunday ,a-ette
and $roken $ow News, 7/30/95. Schckedanz won the Natona Poceman of the
Year Award for hs "heroc" roe.
1072. (*) The author confrmed the story wth Oscar |ohnson, owner of the eevator
company. Accordng to |ohnson, the freght eevator's doors were bown outward. If
the soe bast had come from outside the budng, how coud ths be?
1073. (788) Ed Godfrey and Dana Badwn, "Bombng Grand |ury Cang 6
Wtnesses Ths Week, " "aily Oklahoman, 7/13/97.
1074. (789) "Dana Badwn and |udy Kuhman, "Eevator Accounts Ouestoned -
Inspector Taks of Bomb's Effect," "aily OklahoLman, 7/16/97.
1075. (790) Rck Sherrow, ntervew wth author.
1076. (791) Davd Ha, ntervew wth author.
1077. (792) Gordon woud not return the author's cas. The ntervew conducted
by the other reporter was eary on, before the cover-up got nto hgh gear.
1078. (793) Ames Yates, ntervew wth author.
1079. (794) Rck Sherrow, ntervew wth author; Don Webb, ntervew wth author.
1080. (795) Letter of Terrance Yeakey to Ramona McDonad, copy n author's
possesson.
1081. (796) Federa agent, confdenta ntervew wth author.
1082. (797) Lst of attendees of Sherff's gof tournament, copy n author's
possesson.
1083. (*) In knd of a bzarre twst to the story, they sad that at one pont one of
the men roed a hoop across the road to the team on the other sde. A wtness
who saw the back-garbed team operatng hoops by the Murrah budng caed the
512
FBI's speca 800 number to report what he saw. Afterwards he began notcng that
hs phone ccked constanty, and a mysterous back car began appearng outsde
hs house. By the tme State Representatve Key and I drove to Daas to ntervew
hm, he was too afrad to tak, and we had to get the nformaton through a frend.
1084. (798) Prtchard, O* !it., p. 90.
1085. (*) Strassmer tod the author n an ntervew from hs home n Bern that
Prtchard msquoted hm - that Strassmer reayed the precedng statement from
another BATF agent. Prtchard dsagrees, and stands by hs story.
1086. (799) Edward Zehr, "Turnng Pont: Resovng The Engma of Okahoma Cty,"
Washin%ton Weekly/ ::F:@FCM.
1087. (800) |.D. Cash, "Agents Probe OKC Bombng Lnks To Bank Robberes,"
Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/16/96.
1088. (801) Prtchard, O* !it., p. 90.
1089. (802) Harry Eberhart ntervewed by Tom |arre, ABC 20/20, 1/18/97.
1090. (803) Dewy Webb, ntervew wth author.
1091. (*) As for Eberhardt, hs name showed up on an ATF report concernng Caro
Howe's actvtes at Eohm Cty. The report ndcated that an "rate" Eberhardt
expressed hs concern that Howe's cover had been "severey compromsed" due to
the reease of a report by FBI agent |ames R. Banchard II. Athough the report was
prepared amost a year after the bombng, the fact that Eberhardt's name
appeared promnenty on the report suggests that hs offce was nvoved, aong
wth the Tusa offce, on the Eohm Cty nvestgaton.
1092. (804) Rchard Sherrow, ntervew wth author.
1093. (805) Chares, O* !it0L Wam F. |asper, "Undercover: The Howe
Reveatons," The New American, 9/15/97.
1094. (806) Davd Ha, ntervew wth author; Rck Sherrow, ntervew wth author.
1095. (*) Luke Franey camed at McVegh's tra that the ony stng they were
workng on nvoved a narcotcs case wth the Norman Poce Department. Yet
Norman Poce Chef Ph Cotten coud gve me no detas of that operaton, nor
coud anyone there remember any specfcs as to whch ATF agents were workng
on that case. Cotten sad most of the offcers had retred.
1096. (807) Davd Ha, ntervew wth Tom Vaentne.
513
1097. (*) Franey cams that agent Darre Edwards was at home, takng on the
phone to Franey. Bruce Anderson was on hs way to a compance nspecton, and
agent Mark Mchac, who had worked ate wth Franey the nght before, was on hs
way to the offce.
1098. (808) Davd Ha, ntervew wth author.
1099. (809) Davd Ha, ntervew wth author.
1100. (810) |on Rappoport, Oklahoma !ity $om+in%7 The Su*ressed Truth (Santa
Monca, CA: Bue Press, 1995), pp. 75-76.
1101. (811) Conversaton between nformant and Rep. Chares Key, copy n
author's possesson. A voce stress anayss we ran on ths ndvdua's ntervew
tape ndcated he was beng truthfu.
1102. (812) Davd Ha, ntervew wth author.
1103. (813) Prtchard, O* !it, p.90.
1104. (*) Notce how the caer depcts McVegh as the soe target of the stng, and
attempts to dstance hmsef from the operaton by takng of t n the thrd tense.
1105. (814) Statement of |ane Graham, 11/15/96.
1106. (*) Reca that Sherff's Deputes Don Hammons and Davd Kachendofer
sgned sworn affdavts that Rep. Istook tod them of the government's pror
knowedge of the attack. Istook tod bombng nvestgator Pat Brey that he was
very cose to the FBI's nvestgaton of the bombng, and made t hs busness to
know the detas. "There s nothng you can te me and the FBI about the bombng
that we don't aready know," Istook sad.
1107. (815) B |asper, The New AmericanL The author aso heard one of the
Cancem tapes, but wth a sghty dfferent account.
1108. (816) Lana Pada, ntervew wth author.
1109. (*) Accordng to former C.I.D. nvestgator Gene Wheaton, Saem worked for
the TRD - Egypt's verson of the CIA, controed by the CIA. Saem admtted to
beng a doube-agent for the U.S. and Egypt.
1110. (817) Raph Bumentha, "Tapes Depct Proposa to Thrawr Bomb Used n
Trade Center Bast," New 'ork Times, 10/28/93. The transcrpts, whch are
stamped "draft" and comped from 70 tapes recorded secrety durng the ast two
years by Saem, were turned over to defense awyers, n the second bombng case,
by the government under a |udge's order barrng awyers from dssemnatng
them. A arge porton of the matera was made avaabe to the New 'ork Times.
514
1111. (818) Wadman and McMorrs, O* !it.
1112. (819) |m Dwyer, Davd Kocenewsh, Dedre Murphy, and Peg Tyre, Two
Seconds 2nder the World, 1994, quoted n Wam |asper, "Evdence of Pror
Knowedge," New American, 5/13/96.
1113. (820) |.D. Cash, "The Rev. Robert Mar Identfed As FBI Informant,"
Mc!urtain "aily ,a-ette, 7/1/97.
1114. (*) Crag Roberts, a 20-year Tusa poce offcer, concurrs: "|The Tusa ATF
offce| dd surveance, took photos, used nformants (Howe) and yet no matter
what they dd, they coudn't get any cooperaton out of D.C. They knew somethng
was wrong, but coudn't get a hande on t. I thnk t's because Strassmer was
workng as an nftrator at the D.C. eve, and they were protectng hm wthout
tppng off the oca offce - whch they obvousy ddn't trust to keep a secret from
the oca poce. Ths n not unusua. In fact, the fed agents wth the ATF and FBI
often do not get aong we wth the D.C. offcas - and vce/versa."
1115. (821) Ctzens Research and Investgatons Commttee and Lous Tackwood,
The ,lass 8ouse Ta*es (New York, NY: Avon Press, 1973), p. 5, quoted n Aex
Constantne, $lood/ !arna%e/ and the A%ent )roacateur, 1993, p. 13; "Kng
Aftermath Rekndes Poce Spyng Controversy, 3os An%eles Times, 6/18/91,
quoted n (+id., pp. 16-18.
1116. (822) (+id.
1117. (823) In fact, the Peps bottng pant n Marsees was used as a cover for
heron producton.
1118. (*) Genera |ohn Sngaub, a former OSS agent, has the dstncton of beng
the frst U.S. offcer to pay hs ndgenous personne at Knmng, Chna wth fve
pound bags of opum. Ray Cne (Iran-Contra) was a member of Sngaub's team at
the tme. (Wall Street Journal, 4/18/80)
1119. (*) After the Contra torture manua scanda, McFarane was fred, then
kcked upstars to the NSC to become Armtage's Deputy. Among those who
partcpated n the orgna to pan "prvatze" the Contra operaton were: Gen. |ohn
Sngaub (Ret.), Andrew Messng, then of the Conservatve Caucus, Ted Shackey,
Harry (Hene) Aderhot, Edward Luttwak, Gen. Edward Lansdae (Ret.), Sea Doss,
and Co. |ohn Waghesten, former head of the U.S. mtary groups n E Savador.
1120. (824) Andrew Eva, former Green Beret, part of obby effort for Mu|ahadeen,
ntervew wth author; Chrstc, O* !it. Reagan's March, 1981 decson was
formazed n November as Natona Securty Decson Drectve 17, and hdden
from Congress.
1121. (825) Levne, O* !it.
515
1122. (826) Roberts, O* !it.
1123. (827) Bo Grtz, !alled to Sere, 1991.
1124. (*) The rea reason that Brtan went to war aganst the Chnese (The Boxer
Rebeon) was to prevent the emperor of Chna - concerned about the spread of
drug use among hs peope - from destroyng Chna's opum crop. The Brtsh, who
were makng huge profts from the opum trade, had Parament decare war
aganst the Chnese for nterferng wth ther proftabe "commerce." One of the
spos of that war was that Hong Kong became Brtsh terrtory, resutng n a port
controed by Engand for the transshpment of drugs.
1125. (828) Speech gven to the Arzona Breakfast Cub n Phoenx n 1989, quoted
n Crag Roberts, The Medussa File7 !rimes and !oer-2*s of the 20S0 ,oernment
(Tusa, OK: Consodated Press, 1996), p. 200.
1126. (829) |ack Cohoun, "The Famy That Preys Together," !oert Action
Ouarterly, date unknown. Presdent Bush ater apponted former Forda Governor
Bob Martnez as head of the U.S. Offce of Natona Drug Contro Pocy. Martnez
had accepted campagn donatons from drug traffcker Leone Martnez (no
reaton). Bush's son |eb aso had nks wth the Contra drug suppy ne through
Leone Martnez; In November 1984, two years after Reagan announced hs "bod,
confdent pan" promsng to "be on the ta" of drug traffckers, cocane mports
had |umped 50 percent and heron was more pentfu than at any other tme snce
the ate 1970s. An estmated 63 tons of cocane gutted the U.S. market n 1984.
(|ames Ms, The 2nder%round &m*ire, p.1125.)
1127. (830) Denns Bernsten and Robert Knght, "DEA Agent's Decade Long Batte
To Expose CIA-Contra-Crack Story," Pacfc News Servce, 10/96; "W Whtewash
Of CIA-Cocane Connecton Contnue? Reveatons Of CIA's Connecton To Crack
Shoudn't Come As A Surprse," The $irmin%ham News, 9/29/96. "Rchard Gregore,
one of the country's top narcotcs prosecutors n Mam. had aggressvey pursued
bg-tme cocane bosses and drug-corrupted offcas n and out of the Unted
States. But as he began gong up the drug-busness chan of command, he
targeted foregn offcas frendy wth the U.S. government, and the State
Department started nterferng wth hs nvestgatons, teng hm to stay away
from certan senstve areas. Gregore's operatons were subsequenty stopped at
the request of the State Department and he qut n protest." -Pro|ect Censored,
1989. NSC memos dscovered durng the Iran-Contra nvestgaton reveaed that
Bush's NSC advsor Donad Gregg was aware eary on of Contra nvovement n the
drug trade. Coud ex-CIA chef George Bush, at that pont Vce Presdent and Drug
Czar, be unaware of such gongs-on when hs reportng subordnate was qute
aware of Contra nvovement n the drug trade?
1128. (831) Ceerno Casto III and Dave Harmon, )owder+urns7 !ocaine/ !ontras
and the "ru% War (Oakve, Ontaro: Mosac Press), 1988. As ex-CIA fed offcer
|ohn Stockwe noted: "We cannot forget the Senate Kerry Commttee fndngs of
516
cocane smuggng on CIA/Contra arcraft, the DEA reports on the number of
prosecutons n whch the CIA has ntervened to bock prosecuton of drug
smuggers, the note that escaped Lt. Co. Over North's shredder that $14 mon
of drug money had gone to the Contras, or the CIA's 20-odd year reatonshp wth
Manue Norega."( (Austin American-Statesman, op-ed edtora)
1129. (832) Mke Levne, ntervew wth author.
1130. (*) Shackey's man contact was Rchard Armtage.
1131. (*) Edward G. Lansdae, workng wth Shackey, headed a subset of |M/WAVE
caed "Operaton Moongoose." The assassnaton team was caed "Operaton 40."
Shackey's ater partners n the "Enterprse," Tom Cnes and Edwn P. Wson, aso
worked on |M/WAVE and Operaton 40. Rose and Gancana were murdered ony
days before they were to testfy before Congress regardng ther aeged roes n
the Kennedy assassnaton.
1132. (*) Shackey and Cnes aso drected an assassnaton program to emnate
Vang Pao's heron competton. A CIA offcer addressng a group of Green Berets n
Vetnam camed that Shackey had been responsbe for 250 potca murders n
Laos. Shackey woud ater become CIA Staton Chef of Sagon.
1133. (833) Wall Street Journal, March, 1983; quoted n Cockburn, p. 103. Mchae
|on Hand was a U.S. Green Beret who served under Shackey n Laos.
1134. (**) In fact, Nugan Hand rented ad|onng offces wth the DEA n ts Chang
Ma, Thaand branch, even sharng the same secretary! The overa operaton
resuted n the huge heron epdemc that swept the country n the ate 1960s and
'70s, not to menton the U.S. troops n Vetnam who became addcts.
1135. (834) Athough Congress decared Phoenx unawfu n 1971, and ordered the
mtary to prosecute the guty partes, the assassnatons contnued unt 1975.
One operatve - a Mr. Reaux - was utmatey arrested and hung out to dry.
1136. (*) As Marchett stated regardng Wam Coby, "Coby s a very dangerous
man. I thnk he's got the mentaty of a Henrch Hmmer. He woud have made -
and mght st from the way he's gong - a very good Communst. I mean that
he's the knd of guy who s best quafed to run a concentraton camp, not an
agency ke the CIA."
1137. (835) Mchae Parent, (nentin% Reality7 The )olitics of the Mass Media (New
York, NY: St. Martn's Press, 1986), p. 178. Aso responsbe for the squechng of
trade unons n Che was the Amercan Insttute for Free Labor Deveopment
(AIFLD), a CIA front, supported by corporatons ke W.R. Grace and ITT.
517
1138. (*) Co. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr., the father of 'Stormn' Norman
Schwarzkopf, was an ntegence operatve n Iran n the 1940s and 50s, and
heped set up the dreaded Savak.
1139. (*) It s rumored that he was ookng forward to nhertng the Itaan Fascst
P2 account.
1140. (**) It s nterestng to note that Bush had been mpcated n "October
Surprse," the backdoor dea wth Iranan terrorsts to hod the 66 Amercan
hostages sezed by pro-Khomen forces unt after Carter's defeat. It s therefore
not surprsng that Shackey and Bush - both groomed for CIA drectorshps, but
forced to resgn - woud work together on covert and ega deas such as October
Surprse and Iran-Contra.
1141. (836) Wener, O* !it.
1142. (837) Gene Wheaton, ntervew wth author.
1143. (*) Vctor Marchett apty summed up ths phosophy by examnng former
Secretary of State Henry Kssnger: "He's power-mad, a manpuator of events. I
don't thnk he does t for any deoogca reason, |ust out of nstnct. I don't thnk he
understands what ths country s a about. To hm, everythng s a dea."
1144. (*) As A Martn, an Iran-Contra payer, sad, "Okahoma Cty begns wth Iran-
Contra. If you want to understand Okahoma, start wth Iran-Contra."
1145. (838) Affdavt of Coone Edward P. Cutoo, commander of the 10th Speca
Forces Group (Arborne), 1st Speca Forces, 3/11/80, copy n author's possesson.
1146. (839) Maas, p. 286. The C-4 came from |.S. Brower & Assocates.
1147. (**) On |uy 3, 1976, Israe commandos raded the Ugandan arport at
Entebbe after one of ther arners had been h|acked by the PLO. McKenze was
nstrumenta n hepng the Israes, who had used Kenya as a stagng area. In hs
book, Manhunt, Peter Maas descrbes what McKenze got for hs efforts: "Athough
he had been counseed not to, McKenze went to Uganda as part of a Kenya trade
msson to patch up reatons wth Id Amn. The warnngs seemed unnecessary.
Amn hmsef was on hand to bd McKenze good-bye, presentng hm wth the
tradtona Ugandan frendshp gft, an Afrcan Anteope's head. Soon after
McKenze's pane took off, t bew up. Insde the Anteope head was a bomb, paced
there by Frank Terp."
1148. ( Gene Wheaton, IBEX;s subsequent drector of securty who nvestgated
the murders, cams Shackey, Cnes, Hakm, Rafae "Ch Ch" Ountero, and Secord
are a nked to the murders. |ohn Harper woud ater show up n Honduras tranng
the Contras n the use of exposves.
518
1149. (840) Kwtny, O* !it., p. 103.
1150. (841) Hoppy Hedeberg and Ted Gundersen, ntervews wth author. Reca
that Hedeberg heard McVegh's sster |ennfer read the etter nto testmony.
1151. (*) Dewy Carrdge and Over North were n charge of the harbor mnng
operaton. Moore's frend Don Aranow, owner of Magnum Marna, whch had the
orgna contract to bud the boats, gave the contract to Moore. Aranow was ked
one day before he was to testfy at the Iran-Contra hearngs.
1152. (**) My source tod me that Moore's FBI contact was Tom Ross out of Hot
Sprngs, Arkansas, one of Oe North's "damage contro" men. "
1153. (842) Noan Cay, "Robbery Vctm's Aances Promse Drama n Nchos'
Tra," "aily Oklahoman, 11/9/97.
1154. (843) AEI artces of ncorporaton. The presdent of AEI, Harry Huge, was a
partner n the aw frm of Rogovn, Huge, and Scher.
1155. (844) Cff Lews, ntervew wth author. Mu|eeb Cheema, ntervew wth
author.
1156. (*) Interestngy, some of Khad's workers were spotted n a Tusa nghtcub,
The Ocean Cub, whch s curous, snce Tusa s 100 mes from Okahoma Cty.
McFarane woud not return repeated cas.
1157. (845) Indeed, a ma|or terrorsm summt sponsored by Tehran n |une of 1996
saw deegates from Afghanstan, Pakstan, Iraq, Saud Araba, and other Md-East
and Afrcan states, as we as Bosna-Herzegovna, Germany, France, Brtan,
Canada, and the U.S. come together to form a |ont workng commttee under the
command of the new HzbAah Internatona - transformng that group nto "the
vanguard of the revouton" of the Musm word.
1158. (846) Tmothy McVegh's Petton for Wrt of Mandamus, 3/25/97, p. 81. |ones
ponts out, gven the ssue of the credbty of the nformaton, that the head of
Saud Integence s the Kng's own son.
1159. (*) As former hgh-rankng CIA offca Vctor Marchett expaned, "They're
smart enough aways to work through other partes. Generay, the drter the work
s, the more key t s to be farmed out."
1160. (**) Some of the members of ZR/RIFLE, such as Fex Rodrguez (AKA: Max
Gomez), and the eader of CORU, Frank Castro, woud go on to form the nuceus of
the Contra drugs-for-guns operaton.
1161. (847) Scott and Marsha, O* !it., p. 16.
519
1162. (848) Derdre Grswod "Cuba Defended Itsef, Washngton Is The Terrorst,"
Workers World, 3/7/96; |ack Cahoun, "The Famy that Prays Together," !oert
Action Ouarterly, Summer, 1992; aso see Thomas & Keth.
1163. (*) Ths s not surprsng, as t has been aeged by former CIA agents that
Bush aowed the Agency to use hs off-shore o drng company, Zapata O, as a
front for numerous CIA operatons, ncudng the Bay of Pgs nvason.
1164. (849) Fredman, O* !it.
1165. (850) (+id.
1166. (851) Mary Ann Weaver, "Bowback," The Atlantic Monthly, May, 1996.
1167. (*) Reca that another one of the CIA's "vauabe assets," Mr Ama Kans,
opened fre wth an AK-47 outsde of CIA headquarters n |anuary, 1993, kng two
Agency empoyees. Lke Word Trade Center bomber Ramz Yousef, he fed to
Pakstan.
1168. (852) Fredman, O* !it.
1169. (*) Egyptan Presdent Hosan Mubarak camed that Shek Rahman was
connected to the CIA. (3as Ve%as Sun, 8/1/93)
1170. (853) Peter Wadman and Frances A. McMorrs, "The Other Tra: As Shek
Omar Case Nears End, Nether Sde Looks Lke a Wnner," Wall Street Journal,
9/22/95.
1171. (**) As Wam Norman Grgg, wrtng n the New American ponts out, "The
FBI engaged n a curousy tmed ft of ncompetence when the opportunty arose
for a preemptve strke aganst Shek Omar's network. Foowng the shootng of
Rabb Mer Kahane n November 1990, the FBI sezed and mpounded 49 boxes of
documents from Nosar's New |ersey apartment; the cache ncuded bomb-makng
nstructons, a ht st of pubc fgures (ncudng Kahane), paramtary tranng
materas, detaed pctures of famous budngs (ncudng the Word Trade Center),
and sermons by Shek Omar urgng hs foowers to 'destroy the edfces of
captasm."'
1172. (854) National Reiew, 7/10/95, quoted n (+id0L Curt Gentry, J0 &d%ar
8ooer7 The Man and the Secrets (New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 1991), p. 484.
1173. (*) Not ony was Rowe never prosecuted, the FBI pad hs medca bs and
gave hm a $125 bonus for "servces rendered."
1174. (855) Donner, O* !it., p. 365
520
1175. (856) Frank Donner, )rotectors of )riile%e7 Red S9uads and )olice
Re*ression in America, (Berkeey and Los Angees, CA, Unversty of Caforna
Press: 1990), p. 360
1176. (857) Ward and Church, O* !it., p. 181; Washin%ton )ost, 7/15/80; New
'ork Times1 5/15/80, quoted n (+id.
1177. (858) Gene Wheaton, ntervew wth author.
1178. (*) Usng such ndvduas woud aso prove far easer than attemptng to
recrut Amercan operatves, even hardened kers. The potenta recruts wng to
k Amercan men, women and chdren woud be far more numerous among
foregners wth a vendetta aganst the U.S.
1179. (859) (ntelli%ence Newsletter (France), Apr 1993; 2nclassfied, Natona
Assocaton of Securty Aumn, date unknown.
1180. (*) Kans's orgna target was beeved to have been CIA Drector Robert
Gates.
1181. (860) Ben MacIntrye, 3ondon Times, 4/21/95, quoted n Keth, O* !it., p.
154.
1182. (**) Curousy, Robert |erow, KFOR's prvate nvestgator, spotted the FBI
watchng a-Hussan at the same tme he was. Woud ths subsume that Hussan
was not part of an FBI-sanctoned operaton?
1183. (**) It s aso curous why one promnent aternatve nvestgator gnored the
Mdde Eastern ead atogether, focusng soey on Eohm Cty. What ths aeged
reporter consstenty mssed s the dsmembered mtary eg found n the rubbe,
the numerous wtnesses who saw Mdde Eastern suspects, and the APB on the
brown pck-up drven by a-Hussan. Ths reporter even went so far as to suggest
that the men n the pck-up were Denns Mahon and hs comrades dressed up as
Arabs! Gven the scenaro of a "second-eve damage-contro" operaton steerng
crtcs of the government's case soey onto Eohm Cty, t can be surmsed that at
east some of the rea bombers were part of the Mdde Eastern contngent, and
were CIA/FBI controed, supped and actvated. Ths woud expan why Gagan's
nvovement n the Mdde Eastern ce was apparenty gnored by the FBI. It woud
expan why Gagan was asked by an covert operatve to dever a Ley mxer to
|uncton Cty. And t woud expan why the FBI ceared Hussan a-Hussan, and
why Sam Khad acted so non-chaant when confronted wth evdence of hs
nvovement.
1184. (861) Statement of |ane Graham, 11/15/96.
1185. (862) |ane Graham, vdeo deposton of 8/20/97 and ntervew wth author.
521
1186. (*) As prevousy mentoned, representatves of the eectrc, teephone and
gas companes, as we as oca contractors bddng ona GSA renovaton pro|ect, a
dened havng workmen who ft the mens' descrpton at that ocaton.
1187. (**) Aso reca that on the same day or the foowng Monday, VA empoyees
Denns |ackson and Crag Freeman saw a suspcous group of Arabs nsde the
budng after hours. One of them cosey matched the descrpton of the suspect
seen wth "McVegh" by Physs Kngsey at the H-Way Gr that Sunday. They
exted, sad Freeman, towards the underground parkng garage.
1188. ( Moreover, why woud he do t so conspcuousy, runnng a red ght,
attractng the attenton of the poce? Ths makes about as much sense as fyng
down the hghway at 80 mph wthout a cense pate.
1189. (863) |ane Graham, ntervew wth author. Graham s a frend and co-worker
of |ohnston's.
1190. (*) How nterestng that McVegh and hs co-consprator woud be oterng
around the scene of such a henous crme, rght next to hs ready dentfabe
yeow Mercury.
1191. (864) Statement of |ane Graham, 11/15/96.
1192. (**) When Francs Gary Powers' U-2 spy pane was dscovered and shot down
over Sovet ar space, he faed to pu the destruct rng. Powers suspected that the
CIA had t hooked to a zero-deay fuse - so he baed out wthout actvatng the
sef-destruct. Unfortunatey, he had a fata hecopter crash the week before he
was supposed to testfy before the House Seect Assassnaton Commttee.
1193. (*) It has been we-documented that the FBI and ATF egay eveed the
crme scene at Waco, whch was supposed to be under the |ursdcton of Texas
Rangers; destroyng evdence that ATF hecopters had ndscrmnatey fred nto
the roofs of the budng at the begnnng of the rad kng severa peope; had
fred at the front door we before any shots had been fred n return, and had set
exposve charges on top of a concrete vaut n whch women and chdren were
hdng to escape the fre set. The front door (a meta door) whch woud have
proved the second aegaton was ater found to be mysterousy "mssng."
1194. (865) Tm Wener, "Agng Shop of Horrors: The C.I.A. Lmps to 50," New 'ork
Times, 7/20/97. As Mt Bearden, the Agency's ast chef of Sovet operatons, sad,
"The coapse of our enemy ensured our own demse." "We're a confused group,
dyng for stabty," the Agency's Inspector Genera, Fred Htz, sad n a May
speech.
1195. (*) It s nterestng to examne ths from the perspectve of the German BND,
the ntegence organzaton founded by Renhard Gehen at the behest of the CIA
after WWII. Gehen had been Hter's senor ntegence offcer on the Eastern
522
Front, commandng the Fremde 8eere Ost or "Foregn Armes East." The U.S.
Government absorbed the ,ehlen Or% nto ts emergng ntegence apparatus (the
CIA) n ts entrety, n the beef that Gehen's st argey ntact network of spes
woud prove nvauabe n Amerca's fght aganst the Sovets. Water Scheenberg,
ex-head of Naz foregn ntegence, camed to author Wam Stevenson that
Gehen's organzaton was prmary a front for escapng Naz war crmnas. It was
utmatey proved that approxmatey 90 percent of the "ntegence" comng out
of the ,ehlen Or% regardng the Sovet threat, whch ed to the rse of the Cod
War, was fase, but was used by Gehen and hs Naz comrades to perpetuate hs
organzaton.
1196. (*) Iron Mountan s supposedy a nucear corporate hdeout n Hudson, NY,
smar to Mt. Weather n Vrgna. It s aso a reference to the town of Hudson, N.Y.
where, at the Hudson Insttute, war games and studes on future fe were
deveoped under the drecton of Herman Kahn for governmenta and prvate
agences. Kahn dd not cam authorshp however. As for Leonard Lewn, who fnay
camed authorshp of the report n 1972, "as a hoax," sad that hs ntent was "to
carcature the bankruptcy of the thnk-tank mentaty by pursung ts stye of
scentstc thnkng to ts ogca ends." Interestngy, the New 'ork Times wrote
"Many anaysts beeve that the report refects a grasp of the Washngton scene as
we as an understandng of soca psychoogy, ecoogy, economcs and socoogy
that s beyond the abty of most satrsts." Arthur I. Waskow of the Insttute for
Pocy Studes tod the Times he was surprsed to see one of hs prvatey crcuated
reports mentoned n the book. Waskow added that ony about 60 peope n
Washngton saw the report, "|so| f t's a hoax, t must nvove somebody hgh up,"
he sad. (New 'ork Times, 11/1/67)
1197. (866) Leonard C. Lewn, Re*ort from (ron Mountain on the )ossi+ility and
"esira+ility of )eace (New York, NY: Smon & Schuster/Free Press, 1996); Vctor
Navasky, "Anatomy of a Hoax," The Nation, 6/12/95; Robert Tomsho, "A Cause for
Fear; Though Caed a Hoax, 'Iron Mountan' Report Gudes Some Mtas," Wall
Street Journal, 5/9/95, quoted n "Report from Iron Mountan: A Fraud?" !ons*iracy
Nation, Vo. 5 No. 8.
1198. (**) In much the same way as George Orwe's 1984 seems to be comng to
pass today.
1199. (*) Emphass mne.
1200. (867) Lewn, O* !it., pp.94-96.
1201. (*) Emphass mne.
1202. (868) Forei%n Affairs, |une/|uy, 1995.
1203. (869) Rappaport, O* !it.
523
1204. (870) DeCamp, O* !it., p. 380.
1205. (*) As Re*ort from (ron Mountain states: "War suppes the bass for the
genera acceptance of potca authorty" whch "has enabed socetes to mantan
necessary cass dstnctons," and "ensured the subordnaton of the ctzen to the
state.."
1206. (871) Noam Chomsky, Alternatie )ress Reiew, Fa, 1993.
1207. (872) Davd P. Hamton and B Spnde, "Tokyo's Threat Was |ust n |est,
But Some Ca It a U.S. Backash," The Wall Street Journal, 6/25/97. As the Journal
noted: "offerng to se even a porton of that amount woud key send the
Treasury market nto a free fa.."
1208. (873) The ma|orty of mta members are nonvoent and some have
asssted the bureau n ts nvestgatons, he sad.
1209. (874) Wam |asper, "Enemes of Word Order," The New American, 6/23/97.
1210. (875) DeCamp, O* !it., p. 382.
1211. (*) As another famous potcan once decared: "The streets of our country
are n turmo. The unverstes are fed wth students rebeng and rotng.
Communsts are seekng to destroy our country. Russa s threatenng us wth her
mght. And the Repubc s n danger. Yes, danger from wthn and wthout. We
need aw and order. Wthout aw and order our naton cannot survve." The
potcan who made that famous statement was Adoph Hter.
1212. (**) George Mntzer, the drector of crmna nvestgatons of the U.S.
Southern Dstrct Attorney's Offce from 1926 to 1931, mantaned fes on over
32,000 "subversve" Amercans at the behest of hs boss, Treasury Secretary Henry
Morgenthau, a man who had cose nks wth the ADL. Mntzer's fes were made
avaabe to the Offce of Nava Integence, the State Department, and to the FBI.
In the md-1950s, New York pubsher Lye Stuart exposed how the ADL was
actuay fnancng a rag-tag "neo-Naz" group, whch woud engage n oud
demonstratons outsde synagogues at precsey the same tme that the ADL was
engagng n ant-Naz fund-rasng efforts. What s aso nterestng s that the ADL
payed a arge roe n protectng Mob fgures such as Meyer Lansky, smearng
potenta aw enforcement opponents as "Ant-Semetc." ("o*e/ (nc07 The $ook That
"roe 4issin%er !ra-y, (Washngton DC: Executve Integence Revew, 1992). p.
582; The S*otli%ht, 5/26/97)
1213. (876) "The Truth Steps Out: End of Bnd Trust n the Meda," Releance,
Apr, 1997.
1214. (877) Dane Brandt, "The 1960s and COINTELPRO: In Defense of Paranoa,"
Name$ase News3ine, No. 10, |uy-September 1995.
524
1215. (*) A recent Scrpps Howard News Servce and Scrpps Schoo of |ournasm
po of "conspracy fears" reveaed that 40% of Amercans thnk t s very key or
somewhat key that the FBI deberatey set the fres at Waco; 51% beeve federa
offcas were responsbe for the Kennedy assassnaton; 52% beeve that t s very
or somewhat key that the CIA pushes drugs n the nner-ctes; 39% beeve t s
very key the U.S. Navy accdentay or purposefuy shot down TWA Fght 800.
80% beeve that the mtary s wthhodng evdence of Iraq use of nerve gas or
germ warfare durng the Guf War. Yet n the wake of the Okahoma Cty bombng,
58 percent of Amercans surveyed by the 3os An%eles Times ndcated they woud
trade some cv bertes f t woud hep thwart terrorsm. Another po, taken after
the bombng by the Assocated Press, reveaed that 54 percent of Amercans were
wng to trade off some of ther rghts to prevent more Okahoma Cty-stye
attacks. A po taken durng the Bush admnstraton reveaed that 60 percent of
the popuaton sad that they woud gve up ther rghts to wn the drug war
1216. (878) Rep. Steve Stockman, etter to Attorney Genera |anet Reno, 3/22/95,
copy n author's possesson.
1217. (879) (+id.
1218. (*) Foster had aegedy used Poard, a ow-eve nava ntegence anayst,
on behaf of Reagan, Bush, and Casper Wenberger, to convey data to the Israes.
The favor was n return for Israe's hep n trans-shppng U.S. weapons to Iran, as a
pay-off for deayng the reease of the Amercan hostages, thereby defeatng |mmy
Carter's bd for re-eecton. That scanda was known as "October Surprse." A
federa |udge, a Cnton crony, has kept the ndctment seaed to ths day.
1219. (*) The C-21 Lear |et s a hghy reabe arcraft. Ths partcuar pane was
part of the presdenta feet based at Andrews Ar Force base. Accordng to mtary
sources, the pots who fy them are the best of the best. Cark Fester, an assstant
Ar Force secretary for acqustons, served on the NSA advsory board. Other
rankng personne were Ma|. Gen. Genn Proftt II, and Co. |ack Cark II. ("Rescuers
Fnd Recorders n Mtary Crash," Washin%ton )ost (Reuters), 4/18/95; "The Eght
Who ded n Aa. Crash," Air Forces Monthly, date unknown; Ale#ander !ity
Outlook, 4/18/95; |oe L. |ordan, Natona Vetnam P.O.W. Strke force; other
nformaton from confdenta sources.)
1220. (**) The downng was suspcousy smar to the U.S. Ar Force pane carryng
Commerce Secretary Ron Brown that crashed n Bosna on Apr 3, 1996, kng a
35 peope. Whe the ma|or news meda attrbuted the crash to fou weather, the
Ar Force nvestgaton report concuded that "the weather was not a substantay
contrbutng factor to ths mshap." The pot had neary 3,000 fght hours, and the
co-pot had even more. Fve other panes had anded at the arport wthout
dffcuty n the mnutes before the crash, and none experenced probems wth the
navgaton beacons. The Ar Force aso skpped the frst step of ts nvestgatve
process, known as a safety board, n whch a crashes are treated as suspcous,
and went medatey to the second phase, an accdent nvestgaton. Two mtary
525
pathoogsts at the Armed Forces Insttute of Pathoogy (AFIP) - Ar Force Lt. Co.
Steve Cogswe and Army Lt. Co. Davd Hause - were quoted n the |Pttsburg|
Tri+une-Reiew as sayng Brown suffered a head wound that coud have been
caused by a gunshot. "Essentay. Brown had a .45-nch nwardy beveng
crcuar hoe n the top of hs head, whch s essentay the descrpton of a .45-
caber gunshot wound," sad Cogswe. Cogswe sad that the orgna X-ray of
Brown's head showed meta fragments n Brown's bran consstent wth a
dsntegratng buet. Forensc pathoogst Dr. Cyr Wecht concuded there was
"more than enough" evdence that Brown was assassnated. No autopsy was
conducted, and a of the orgna head X-rays of Brown are now "mssng" from
Brown's case fe. The soe survvor, stewardess Shey Key, who had ony mnor
cuts and bruses, mysterousy bed to death from a neat 3" ncson above her
femora artery upon arrva at the hospta (the offca story was that she ded of a
broken neck). Brown's aw partner at Patton, Boggs and Bow ded n a mysterous
car wreck wthn one hour of the crash. Three days ater, Nko |erkuc, the
mantenance chef at the Tusa arport, who had guded the pane to ts fata
rendezvous, "commtted sucde." Brown, who was under nvestgaton for brbery
at the tme |nked to the DNC and the Lppo Group, n turn nked to Presdent
Cnton|, reportedy possessed senstve nformaton that coud have mpcated
Cnton n a ong st of crmna acts, and had threatened to bow the whste.
Congresswoman Maxne Waters and Kwes Mfume, head of the NAACP, have caed
for an nvestgaton nto the matter. (Chrstopher Ruddy and Hugh Sprunt,
"Ouestons nger about Ron Brown pane crash," 11/24/97; Chrstopher Ruddy,
"Experts dffer on Ron Brown's head wound," Tri+une-Reiew, 12/3/97; "Ron Brown
conspracy protest today," UPI, 12/24/97.)
1221. (*) A conversaton wth former IRS nvestgator B Duncan (who, aong wth
Arkansas Hghway Patro nvestgator Russe Wech, frst uncovered the actvtes
at Mena) shed tte ght on the matter. Duncan sad he was unaware of any fes
removed from Arkansas to Okahoma, athough Duncan and Wech were under
ntense scrutny for ther courageous efforts. (An attempt on Russe's fe was ater
made by posonng hm.) Curousy, ong-tme Washngton correspondent Sara
McCendon reported that the CIA was aso seen removng arge quantes of fes
from ther offces on Apr 19.
1222. (880) Caro Moore, "Report on 1995 House Waco Hearngs," revsed, May,
1996.
1223. (**) Athough FBI supervsor Larry Potts camed there was one.
1224. (881) Peter Kawa|a, ntervew wth author.
1225. ( Secretary of State Warren Chrstopher had unveed a smar pan four
months earer. "Internatona terrorsts, crmnas and drug traffckers pose drect
threats to our peope and to our naton's nterests," Chrstopher stated, as though
he was referrng to eements wthn our own government.
526
1226. (882) Ambrose Evans-Prtchard, "IRA 'supped detonator for Okahoma terror
bomb,'" 3ondon Sunday Tele%ra*h, 3/30/97.
1227. (883) Theodore Shackey, The Third O*tion7 An &#*ert1s )roocatie Re*ort
on an American View of !ounterinsur%ency O*erations, (New York, NY: De
Pubshng, 1981), p.17.
1228. (884) Gene Wheaton, "CIA: The Companes They Keep," )ortland Free )ress,
|uy-October, 1996.
1229. (*) As Lavent Bera, Stan's chef of securty, stated n a speech at V. I. Lenn
Unversty regardng what he caed "Psychopotcs," "Our fruts are grown n
chaos, dstrust, economc depresson, and scentfc turmo. At ast a weary
popuace can seek peace ony n our offered Communst State; at ast ony
Communsm can resove the probem of the masses."
1230. (885) )ortland Free )ress, |une/|uy, 1997.
1231. (886) Wam Shrer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
1232. (887) Suzanne Harrs, |.D., "From Terrorsm to Tyranny: How Governments
Use Domestc Terrorsm to Promote Totataran Change," The Law Loft, Los
Angees, CA, 1995.
1233. (888) Shrer, O* !it.
1234. (889) Orve R. Weyrch, |r., "Rechstag Fre," Weyrch Computer Consutng,
1995; Wam |asper, "A Post-Okahoma Krstanacht," The New American,
5/129/95.
1235. (890) |onas Bernsten, "U.S., Russa Sgn Ant-Gangster Pact," Washin%ton
Times, 7/6/94; quoted n Name+ase Newsline, "Organzed Crme Threatens the
New Word Order," |an-March, 1995; "FBI Chef: U.S. 'Under Attack' by Terrorsts,"
20S0 News 5 World Re*ort, 8/1/96.
1236. (891) 2SA TO"A', 3/11/93.
1237. (892) MTV, 3/22/94.
1238. (893) The B approprates $114 mon doars for the FBI for fsca year
1997 and $166 mon for 1998. The Whte House, Press Brefng By Under
Secretary of the Treasury For Enforcement Ron Nobe, Deputy Attorney Genera
|ame Goreck, and Deputy Assstant to the Presdent for Domestc Pocy Bruce
Reed, 4/26/95.
527
1239. (894) Ace R. Hayes, "G-Men Cop Pea on Ruby Rdge," )ortland Free )ress,
September/October, 1995. "The thrd sub-unt of ths dvson s the "Speca Deta
Unt" whch s desgnated to keep Gen. Reno from harm."
1240. (895) HR 97's sponsor s Rep. Barbara Kenney (D-CT). The Senate's verson
s S. 1581, ntroduced n 1993 by Senator |oseph Leberman (D-MA). Page 5 of the
b states: Members of the Rapd Depoyment Force who are depoyed to a
|ursdcton sha be deputzed n accordance wth State aw so as to empower such
offcers to make arrests and partcpate n the prosecuton of crmna offenses
under State aw. "On The Fast-track To Fascsm," Releance magazne, February,
1995.
1241. (896) |oe Hendrcks, Chef of Poce, Wndsor, Mssour, "Poce Chef Re|ects
Trend Toward Natona Poce," The (daho O+serer, |une, 1997.
1242. (*) Recent rues n certan countes n Wyomng have changed ths pocy,
and egsaton s pendng as of ths wrtng n Montana to requre federa agents to
seek authorzaton of the oca sherff before conductng a rad.
1243. (897) In a natonwde survey of 690 poce departments n ctes wth
popuatons of 50,000 or more, researchers found that 90 percent now have actve
SWAT teams, compared to 60 percent n the eary 1980s.
1244. (898) Soldier of Fortune, August, 1995.
1245. (899) Wam Booth, Washin%ton )ost, 6/17/97.
1246. (900) To obtan a copy of these hearngs ca (202) 224-3121 and ask for the
House |udcary Subcommttee on Crme and Crmna |ustce, or ca your
Congressman.
1247. (901) Assocated Press, 12/24/94.
1248. (902) "Hard Landng by Army Copter Hurts Two," 8ouston !hronicle,
10/29/96.
1249. (903) Mke Bar, The S*otli%ht, 11/14/94; Mer, O* !it.
1250. (904) Lor-Anne Mer, "Bombng Sounds Ratte Neghborhood," The "etroit
News, 10/2/94; Mark Spencer, posted on AEN Newsgroup, 10/02/94.
1251. (*) It seems that Presdent Cnton suspended the aw restrctng the use of
mtary force wthn U.S. borders n a tte-known codc of PDD-25, a Presdenta
Decson Drectve that s an "open secret" n the mtary and Congress, but s
argey unknown to the Amercan ctzens.
528
1252. (905) "The Pentagon Brngs ts Wars Home," Sources E|ourna, Voume 2,
Issue 1, |anuary, 1997. Army Lt. Gen. |.H. Bnford Peay ponts out n an Army
pubcaton tted, Tomorrow's Mssons, that "mtary forces |today| are requred to
provde domestc natona assstance, such as nterna peace-keepng and ant-
drug operatons and support of cv authortes to mantan stabty n a rapdy
changng Amerca."
1253. (906) |onathan Vozke, "Urban Combat Tranng: Marnes Ht the Rooftops,"
Oran%e !ounty Re%ister, 3/19/93, quoted n Terry Cook, The Mark of the New
World Order (Sprngdae, PA, Whtacker House, 1996), p. 81.
1254. (907) Ma|or Genera Max Baratz, "New shape of Army Reserve Supports New
Mssons," Army Resere, Summer, 1994.
1255. (908) Wam F. |asper, "Fact and Fcton: Sftng Reaty from Aarmst
Rumors," New American, 10/31/94.
1256. (*) Now, wth the Crme B, the FBI can be "deputzed" n oca areas to
enforce oca aws upon demand by the FBI. In other words, f the FBI wants to work
ocay and use state and oca aws, they can demand the oca sherff deputze
them - then they are not constraned by federa mtatons.
1257. (*) In February, 1982 Presdent Ray-Gun sgned a seres of Natona Securty
Decson Drectves (NSDDs), whch provded for ncreased domestc
counterntegence efforts and the mantenance of aw and order n a varety of
emergences, ncudng terrorst ncdents, cv dsturbances, and nucear
emergences.
1258. (909) "Coud It Happen Here?" Mother Jones, Apr, 1988. "Packard's drectve
says turnng over aw enforcement to the army w 'normay' requre a Presdenta
Executve Order, but that ths requrement can be waved n 'cases of sudden and
unexpected emergences... whch requre that mmedate mtary acton be
taken.'"
1259. (910) Keenen Peck, "The Take-Charge Gang," The )ro%ressie, May, 1985;
Reynods, O* !it.
1260. (*) Former Attorney Wam French Smth bocked the expanson of FEMA's
|ursdcton n 1984, but after Smth eft offce, North and hs FEMA crones came up
wth the Defense Resource Act, desgned to suspended the Frst Amendment by
mposng censorshp and bannng strkes.
1261. (911) Mchae Levne wth Laura Kavanau, Trian%le of "eath, (New York:
Deacorte Press, 1996), p. 353.
1262. (912) Mke Levne, ntervew wth author.
529
1263. (*) The Los Angees rots resuted n 11,113 fres, 2,383 n|ures, and 54
deaths. There were 13,212 arrests. The damage was estmated at $717 mon.
1264. (913) "Poce May Have Ignored Basc Rot Pan," New 'ork Times, 5/7/92,
quoted n (+id.
1265. (914) "Rot Found Poce n Dsarray - Offcers Kept from Fash Pont Despte
Peas," 3os An%eles Times, 5/6/92, quoted n Constantne, p. 33.
1266. (*) In 1979, fve Communst Workers Party members were murdered by neo-
Nazs and Kansmen n Greensboro, NC durng a protest march. The KKK and Naz
groups were nftrated and ed by FBI provocateur Edward Dawson and ATF
nformant Bernard Butkovch. Interestngy, two poce other offcers respondng to
a domestc ca n the area |ust pror to the shootngs noted a suspcous ack of
patro cars n the area. Offcer Wse subsequenty reported beng asked by poce
dspatch how ong they antcpated beng at ther ca, and were then advsed to
"cear the area as soon as possbe." (See Chapter 15)
1267. (**) Aex Constantne <$lood/ !arna%e/ and the A%ent )roocateur=, who
ntervewed oca resdents, dscovered that some of the arsonsts were ceary not
ocas.
1268. (915) Parker and Bradey Cash at Rot Inqury, 3os An%eles Times, 9/15/65,
quoted n (+id., pp. 65-66; (+id., p. 53.
1269. (916) (+id., p. 69. McCone testfed before the Warren Commsson that Lee
Harvey Oswad's connectons to the Agency were "mnor."
1270. (917) "The Kent State Shootngs," KPFK-FM, Los Angees, 5/3/89, quoted n
Constantne, p. 25.
1271. (918) Tackwood, O* !it., quoted n (+id., p. 61.
1272. (919) Wam Mende, Coone, USA, (retred), "Combat n Ctes: The LA Rots
and Operaton Ro," Foregn Mtary Studes Offce, Fort Leavenworth, KS, |uy
1996.
1273. (920) Ace R. Hayes, "G-Men Cop Pea on Ruby Rdge," )ortland Free )ress,
September/October, 1995.
1274. (921) Mark Rebng, Wed%e7 The Secret War $etween the F$( and !(A,
p.429.
1275. (*) Durng the 1994 eectons, House |udcary Commttee char |ack Brooks
was overheard |okng about the massacre: "Horrbe peope. Despcabe peope.
Burnng to death was too good for them. They'd ke a sower method."
530
1276. (*) PBS Frontne dd a pece n 1995 showng vctms of torture whch
occurred n one Chcago poce dstrct. It was camed that torture was often used
on suspects n that dstrct so as to obtan confessons.
1277. (922) Shackey, O* !it., p. 13.
1278. (**) U.S. Army psychoogca warfare expert Lt. Co. Mchae Acquno, who
wrote a manua on mnd contro for mass popuatons, was fascnated by the Nazs
and ther reatonshp to the occut. Acquno traveed to Wesesburg Caste n
Germany where Hter and Hmmer performed ther occut rtuas n order to
contro ther SS puppets to say the popuaton.
1279. (*) Acquno s the eader of the Tempe of Set. He was accused by a Presdo
Army Chapan of moestng the Chapan's 3-year-od daughter, and was
nvestgated by San Francsco poce. The Army bured the case, and my Freedom
of Informaton Act requests went unheeded. Acquno, hs satanc powers
apparenty on the wan, threatened to sue the author.
1280. (923) Ivan Sharp, "Presdo Satanst a Scarey Engma," San Francisco
&#aminer, 11/2/98.
1281. (924) The New American, 3/18/96, Vo. 12, No. 6. Apparenty, Schumer fet
that Mta hearngs were more mportant than an nvestgaton of the murder of
82 nnocent peope by the Federa Government at Waco. Fortunatey, most of hs
feow Congressmen dd not agree.
1282. (*) Emphass n orgna.
1283. (925) Marchett, O * !it.
1284. (926) Frank Donner, The A%e of Sureillance7 The Aims and Methods of
America1s )olitical (ntelli%ence System/ (New York, NY: Vntage Books, 1981),
quoted n Connoy, O* !it.
1285. (*) Nchos had arranged a |ont venture between Wackenhut and the
Cabazon reservaton n Indo, Caforna to manufacture machneguns, nght-vson
gogges, fue-ar exposves, poson gas, and boogca weapons, some of whch
were egay shpped to the Contras. Wackenhut used the trbe's status as a
soveregn naton to evade the Boand Amendment prohbtng ad to Somoza's so-
caed "freedom fghters."|mmy Hughes, Nchos' former Wackenhut bodyguard,
cams to be n possesson of documentaton nkng Cabazon operatves to a ht st
of potca targets, ncudng Swedsh Prme Mnster Oof Pame, murdered n 1986,
reportedy for nterferng n a smar covert arms operaton n hs country,
nvovng Israe ntegence agent Amram Nr, and Cyrus Hashem, both hgh-eve
operatves n the Reagan/Bush arms-for-hostages-for-drugs network.( (Thomas
and Keth, O* !it., pp. 28-34.)
531
1286. (927) Dane Brandt, "Organzed Crme Threatens the New Word Order,"
Name$ase News3ine, No. 8, |anuary-March 1995.
1287. (*) Interestngy, Wam Northrop s a good frend of George Petre's, and
acted as a mdde-man between the CIA, the Israes, and the Contras n ega
arms deas. He was prosecuted by former U.S. Attorney for the Southern Dstrct of
New York (now Mayor) Rudoph Guan, who descrbed hm as one of the
"Merchants of Death."
1288. (928) Frank Greve, Matthew Purdy, and Mark Fazoah, "Frm Says U.S.
Urged Covert Pots," )hiladel*hia (n9uirer, 4/26/87, quoted n Chrstc, O* !it., and
Rodney Stch, "efraudin% America (Aamo, CA: Dabo Western Press, 1994), p.
604. "Rchard Meadows served for a tme as Peregrne's presdent. Chares
Odorzzo and Wam Patton, worked for the group. Peregrne's key contacts were
retred Army Lt. Gen. Samue Wson (former Drector of the DIA) and Lt. Co.
Wayne E. Long, who as of Apr 1987 worked as a senor offcer n the Foregn
Operatons Group, whch s a part of the Army's ntegence support actvty
offce."
1289. (929) Stch, O* !it., p. 604; ANV had a contract wth U.S. Mtary Centra
Command, the nfuenta connecton comng through USMC Ma|or Genera Wesey
Rce of the Pentagon |ont Speca Operatons Agency. Rce was a cose frend of
Bush, Hems, and Shackey, Wheaton, O* !it0L Deposton of Sam Ha, 9/9/87,
quoted n Chrstc, O* !it.
1290. (*) Emphass n orgna.
1291. (930) Gene Wheaton, "Secret Isand Spy Base," )ortland Free )ress, |uy-
October, 1996. Wheaton and Hunt both cams that an ABC news hecopter was
shot down over the sand n 1985, kng a femae reporter. The ncdent was
covered up for reasons of "natona securty."
1292. (931) Decaraton of Pantff's Counse, U.S. Dstrct Court, Southern Dstrct
of Forda, Tony Avrgan and Martha Honey v. |ohn Hu, et a., Cv Case No. 86-
1146-CIV-KING, fed 3/31/88 by the Chrstc Insttute; It seems Whtam was about
to announce the truth of Pne Gap at a press conference. By November 7, 1975,
the covers of three more CIA agents had been bown n the press.
1293. (*) Ths w be expored more fuy n Voume Two.
1294. (932) Lug DFonzo, St0 )eter1s $anker, (New York, NY: Frankn Watts,
1983); Name$ase News3ine, No. 5, Apr-|une 1994. Accordng to !ons*iracy
Nation pubsher Bran Redman, Ge attended Ronad Reagan's nauguraton and
the accompanyng ba n 1981; Mark Aarons and |ohn Loftons, Ratlines (London,
Henemann, 1991), p. 89, quoted n Ne#us, February/March, 1996.
1295. (933) (+id.
532
1296. (934) "Stayng Behnd: NATO's Terror Network," Arm The S*irit, October,
1995, (Source: Fi%htin% Talk - Issue 11 - May 1995; Thomas & Keth, O* !it., p.77.
Accordng to |onathan Vankn, Itaan |ournast Mno Percore camed the CIA
pued P2's strngs. He was ked after pubshng the artce.
1297. (*) One eary resut of ths fear on the Rght was a faed coup attempt n
1970 by Navy Commander Prnce Vaero Borghese, a supporter of the man Itaan
Fascst party MSI.
1298. (935) Stuart Chrste, Stefano "elle !hiaie7 )ortrait of a $lack Terrorist
(London: Dark horse Press, 1984), p. 32.
1299. (936) (+id.
1300. (937) Chrste, O* !it.
1301. (938) Stuart Chrste, "Stefano Dee Chae: Portrat of a Back Terrorst,"
(London: Anarchy Ma%a-ine, Refract Pubcatons, 1984), p. 52.
1302. (939) (+id.
1303. (*) Ths s smar to the reease of Cuban terrorst Orando Bosch by George
Bush.
1304. (940) Davd Yaop, (n ,od1s Name (London: Corg Books, 1985), p. 172; "I
Gado," BBC expos, |une, 1995, quoted n (+id.
1305. (941) Steve Mzrach, "Murder n the Vatcan? The attempt on the fe of |ohn
Pau II," posted on Internet.
1306. (942) Chrste, O* !it.
1307. (943) Edward S. Herman, The Terrorism (ndustry (New York, NY: Pantheon,
1989), p. 226.
1308. (*) It was aso dscovered by the Began press that Wackenhut guards had
been urng mmgrant chdren nto basements and beatng them.
1309. (944) Reuter, 7/14/96.
1310. (945) New American/ O* !it.
1311. (946) Ar Ben-Menashe, )rofits of War7 (nside the Secret 20S0-(sraeli Arms
Network, (New York: Sherdan Square Press, 1992), p. 122. Etan was responsbe
for coectng scentfc and ntegence nformaton from other countres through
esponage. (Art Kunkn: "The Octopus Conspracy").
533
1312. (947) Patrck Seae, A+u Nidal7 A ,un for 8ire, (New York, NY: Random
House, 1992), p. 158.
1313. (948) (+id., p. 153, 214.
1314. (949) (+id., pp. 265-66.
1315. (*) Abu Nda dd busness at the Bank of Credt and Commerce Internatona
(BCCI), a CIA propretary whch aundered drug proceeds for the North/Secord
"Enterprse," the Mu|ahadeen, and catered to the kes of Manue Norega, Saddam
Hussen, and Ferdnand Marcos.
1316. (950) Mke Levne, ntervew wth author.
1317. (951) Wam |asper, "The Prce of Peace," The New American, 2/5/96.
1318. (952) Ur Dan and Denns Esenberg, A State !rime7 The Assassination of
Ra+in, (Pars: Befond, 1996), quoted n !ons*iracy Nation, Vo. 8 Num. 02.
1319. (953) New American, 12/25/95.
1320. (954) Roberts, O* !it., p. 395.
1321. (955) (+id., p. 369.
1322. (956) (+id., p. 402.
1323. (*) In fact, Sngaub s known to contro at east one arfed n Arzona.
1324. (957) "FBI accdentay faxes memo on Amtrak suspect," Assocated Press,
9/4/97.
1325. (*) Chef Superntendent |ob Mayo, head of the Natona Capta Regon
Command of the poce camed a group caed the Paracae Gang apparenty dd
the bombngs after fang to rob the Ctbank on Paseo de Roxas n Sacedo Vage,
Makat.
1326. (958) "Grenade bast Rocks Makat - 4 wounded: Rep Arroyo Accuses
Mtary of Bombng to |ustfy Ant-Terrorst B," source: Mana daes.
1327. (959) Husayn A-Kurd, "Lbya: The Perpetua Target," News (nternational
)ress Serice, date unknown. Regardng Amerca's reacton to Lbyan
ndependence, Kurd notes: "The dea that emancpaton from want, gnorance and
n|ustce was to be actuay mpemented somewhere s unacceptabe to an entty
that foments poverty and dependence everywhere."
534
1328. (960) Under the authorty of the 1977 Internatona Emergency Economc
Powers Act
1329. (961) |ohn Goetz, "Ten Years Later: La Bee Dsco Bombng," !oert Action
Ouarterly, Sprng, 1996. (author's note: The Los Angees Tmes reported that
"Israe ntegence, not the Reagan admnstraton, was a ma|or source of some of
the most dramatc pubshed reports about a Lbyan assassnaton team aegedy
sent to k Presdent Reagan and other top U.S. offcas... Israe, whch nformed
sources sad has wanted an excuse to go n and bash Lbya for a ong tme,' may
be tryng to bud Amercan pubc support for a strke aganst Oaddaf.")
1330. (962) Seymour Hersh, "Target Oaddaf," New 'ork Times Ma%a-ine, 2/22/87,
quoted n !oert Action Ouarterly, date unknown.
1331. (963) (+id.
1332. (964) Goetz, O* !it. Faysa testfed, sayng: "I am not of the opnon that the
attack aganst La Bee was done by those Lbyans whom I know |the Nur group|,
but rather by a dfferent group Many of the Lbyans behaved suspcousy. That was
to hde the group that n reaty dd the attack."
1333. (965) Rck Atknson, "US Deays Underned As Dsco Bombng Suspect Freed
n Lebanon," Washin%ton )ost, 8/3/94; quoted n (+id.
1334. (966) Goetz, O* !it. "A week after the bombng, Manfred Ganschow, chef of
the ant terrorst poce n Bern, "re|ected the assumpton that suspcon s
concentrated on Lbyan cuprts."
1335. (*) Posey dened the aegatons n an ntervew wth the author. In an
ntervew wth the author, Federa Pubc Defender |ohn Mattes fet the pot wasn't
beng serousy consdered.
1336. (967) Chrstc, O* !it0L |ack Terre, ntervew wth author. (Aso: See the
Villa%e Voice, 9/29/87, and 13/30/86.)
1337. (*) Statements of |esus Garca to Federa Pubc Defender |ohn Mattes; The
pot s brefy mentoned n |ack Terre's book, "is*osa+le )atriot (Bethesda, MD,
Natona Press Books, 1992), p. 321; Terre aso confrmed the pot n an ntervew
on NBC nghty news; Peter Gbbery, a mercenary operatng n Contra camps near
Hu's ranch, recaed attemptng to transport exposves from the ranch to |ones'
ranch, and beng tod t was needed "for the embassy |ob."
1338. (968) |ack Terre, NBC transcrpt, quoted n Chrstc, O* !it. The Octopus
woud attempt to sence Terre by nformng the FBI that he had threatened the
fe of the Presdent.
535
1339. (*) Accordng to |ack Terre, Contra eader Adofo Caero companed that
Pastora had descrbed the FDN (Contras) as "homcda, Somcsta sons of btches."
1340. (969) Cockburn, O* !it.
1341. (970) Deposton of Gene Wheaton; Deposton of Eden Pastora; testmony of
|ack Terre, quoted n Chrstc, O* !it.
1342. (*) On |une 22, 1984, Pastora met wth Dewy Carrdge and Vnce
Cannstraro, who offered to hep Pastora fnd the kers. (Sure.) Harper's exposves
tranng was aegedy courtesy of |ohn Sngaub and Robert K. Brown (pubsher of
Soldier of Fortune ).
1343. (971) Cockburn, O* !it., pp. 56-57; Chrstc, O* !it.
1344. (*) GArca and hs famy were ater threatened wth a ve 105mm mortar
round paced on ther front awn.
1345. (972) (+id., |ohn Mattes, ntervew wth author.
1346. (973) |ack Terre, "is*osa+le )atriot (Washngton, D.C: Natona Press Book,
1992).
1347. (974) As Co. Dan Marvn notes, that statement, wrtten by Whte n a etter
to a frend, was broadcast on ABC TV n 1979 n a documentary produced by |ohn
Marks.
1348. (975) Sara McCendon, ntervew wth author; Debra Von Trapp, ntervew
wth author.
1349. (976) V.Z. Lawton, ntervew wth author.
1350. (*) Maroney's wfe aso tod me Mckey was seconded to the DEA and FBI n
Cyprus, who were nvestgatng a counterfetng rng (probaby Iranan). As
dscussed prevousy, Cyprus s where DIA agent Lester Coeman worked wth the
DEA, and where he earned about Khad |affer, the courer who aegedy carred
the bomb onboard Pan Am fght 103. Maroney worked n Cyprus n 1993.
1351. (977) "aily Oklahoman, 8/14/97.
1352. (978) Mke Levne, ntervew wth author.
1353. (979) Ace R. Hayes, "Sacrfca Goat," )ortland Free )ress, |uy/October,
1997.
1354. (*) "The prosecutors must pare down ther case so that t does not bore the
|ury," ega anayst Kenneth Stern recommended n the Amercan |ewsh
536
Commttee's recent whte paper on the tra. "In cases such as these, prosecutors
too often present a 'Cadac' when a 'Chevroet' woud do much better."
(Assocated Press, 04/18/97)
1355. (980) Steven K. Pauson, "Meda Ob|ect to Seaed Documents n Okahoma
Cty Bombng Case," Assocated Press,12/13/96.
1356. (*) Aso reca that former CIA operatve Gunther Russbacher camed that
severa Las Vegas casnos, ncudng Bnyon's Horseshoe, are sush-fund pay-off
ponts through Shamrock Deveopment Corp. The recpents coect ther money n
the form of gambng chps, whch they then cash n. It s worth notng that the CEO
of Shamrock, Donad Lutz, was on the management staff of Sverado Savngs &
Loan. "E. Trne Starnes, |r., the thrd argest Sverado borrower, was a ma|or donor
to the Natona Endowment for the Preservaton of Lberty (NEPL), drected by Car
"Sptz" Channe, whch was a part of Over North's Contra fundng and arms
support network. Wayne Reeder, another Beebe assocate, a bg borrower from
Sverado, defauted on a $14 mon oan. Reeder was nvoved n an unsuccessfu
arms dea wth the Contras. (|ack Cohoun, "The Famy That Preys Together,"
!oert Action Ouarterly, date unknown.)
1357. (*) As |ones expaned n the Wrt: "Ths ssue arrves before the Court at ths
ate date smpy because the defense has repeatedy gone to the government wth
nformaton and requests, had to then seek nterventon from the dstrct court, and
the ast dstrct court order has been ssued wthn the ast two weeks.."
1358. (981) |ones' defense team member, confdenta ntervew wth author.
1359. (*) As McVegh ater expaned to hs hometown newspaper: "In the nstant
context, you coud take |the statement| to refect on the death penaty and the
charges eveed aganst me. I was accused and convcted of kng - they say
that's wrong, and now they're gong to k me."
1360. (982) Assocated Press & The Hays Day News, 8/14/97.
1361. (983) B Hewtt and Ncke Bane, "Humbe? Forget It," )eo*le, 3/31/97.
1362. (*) Senor partner Brendon Suvan represented Over North durng the Iran-
Contra hearngs.
1363. (984) |anet Eott, Mark Baard, Robert Eder |r., Gordon Hunter, "Nchos'
Lawyers: The Odd Coupe," Te#as 3awyer, 3/22/96; Robert Schmdt, "Representng
the Accused Bomber," 3e%al Times, 5/22/95; Constantne, "The Good Soder," O*
!it.
1364. (985) |m Bengham, ntervew wth author.
537
1365. (986) |ohn DeCamp, The Franklin !oer-2* (Lncon, NE: AWT, Inc., 1996),
pp. 345-46.
1366. (987) Letter from Stephen |ones to author, 4/21/97.
1367. (*) As McVegh's appea bref stated: "Because the government's counse
attrbuted Mr. McVegh's conduct to hs anger at the Federa Government over
Waco, Mr. McVegh shoud have been entted to show that the government had
some cupabty n provokng that anger," hs attorneys sad. "Ths evdence and
argument woud have provded a mtgatng expanaton for the otherwse
nexpcabe transformaton of Mr. McVegh from the thoughtfu, responsbe and
payfu person descrbed by Mr. McVegh's chdhood frends, teachers and
fames. to someone who appeared bent on destructon.'" (AP, 1/16/98)
1368. (988) Genera Benton K. Partn, ntervew wth author.
1369. (989) Stephen |ones, etter to author, 9/9/97.
1370. (990) (+id.
1371. (*) "|Howe| sad she saw McVegh wakng wth Eohm Cty securty chef
Andreas Strassmer, who had advocated voence aganst the government. One
|uror ddn't at frst even reca Howe's testmony. Another, ||uror Chrs| Seb, sad, "I
don't know. We fet there was somethng there. You know, we knd of skmmed
through that pretty quck."
1372. (991) Noan Cay, "Some |urors Convnced Others Invoved - Nchos Tra
Renews Specuaton Concernng |ohn Doe 2," "aily Oklahoman, 1/11/98.
1373. (992) Steven K. Pauson, "|urors eave bombng sentence to |udge, crtcze
prosecuton's case, "Assocated Press, 1/8/98.
1374. (993) (+id.
1375. (994) (+id.
1376. (995) Noan Cay, "Some |urors Convnced Others Invoved - Nchos Tra
Renews Specuaton Concernng |ohn Doe 2," "aily Oklahoman, 1/11/98.
1377. (*) The frst man LB| met wth on Nov 29th, after he had ceared the foregn
dgntares out of Washngton was Waggoner Carr, Texas Attorney Genera, to te
hm. "No tra n Texas... ever." (Prouty)
1378. (996) |ohn Grener, "Court Asked to Ensure Macy Expores A Bombng
Anges," "aily Oklahoman, 6/28/97.
538
1379. (*) Key's attorney Mark Sanford sad the Supreme Court was wng to back
Key up, by forcng Macy to do hs |ob propery.
1380. (997) Dstrct Attorney Bob Macy, ntervew wth author.
1381. (998) George Hansen, ntervew wth author.
1382. (*) Accordng to Okahoma Statutes, Tte 22, Secton 331 (Genera powers
and dutes of grand |ury), Notes of Decsons: "Grand |ury functons as an
nqustora body; once t s convoked by the court, ts duty s to nvestgate aw
voatons |Tweedy v. Okahoma Bar Ass'n, Ok. 624 P.2d 1049 (1981)|...
Investgaton by grand |ury or a premnatry examnaton by magstrate s not a
tra, and the rues of evdence are not to be apped as rgdy as n tra of case
before court. |Mag v. Mer, Ok. Cr., 455 P.2d 715 (1969)|.."
1383. (*) In a etter hand-devered to the Grand |ury, Representatve Key asked to
testfy a second tme to present evdence that the DA's offce refused to aow a
vdeo of "contemporaneous news accounts" because t was consdered to be
hearsay. As Mke |ohnston, Key's attorney, stated n the etter, "The ob|ecton or
contenton that a grand |ury cannot use hearsay evdence s not we founded."
Morgan responded by thereafter refusng to communcate wth Key except through
hs attorney. So much for cooperaton.
1384. (999) "Grand |ury Tod Sesmc Readngs Uncear n Bombng," "aily
Oklahoman, 9/19/97.
1385. (1000) (+id.
1386. (1001) KWTV Channe 9 broadcast, 06/16/97.
1387. (1002) Lynn Waace, posted on OKBOMB mang st.
1388. (1003) Mchae Rvero, posted on OKBOMB mang st.
1389. (1004) Edye Ann Smth, Indvduay and on Behaf of Her Mnor Chdren,
Chase Smth, Deceased, and Coton Smth, Deceased, Pantffs, vs. Tmothy |ames
McVegh, Mchae Bresca, Mchae Forter and Andreas Car Strassmer and Other
Unknown Indvduas, Defendants, Case No. C|-96-18.
1390. (1005) KFOR's nformaton s currenty n possesson of the Congressona
Task Force on Terrorsm and Unconventona Warfare. As of ths wrtng, Rep.
|ames Trafcant (D-OH) dspayed an nterest nhodng OKBOMB hearngs.
539