Technical College of Basrah

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Dept.

Q1// the velocity of steam at inlet to simple impulse turbine is 1000 m/s and the
nozzle single is 20
o
. The blade speed is 400 m/s and the blades are symmetrical.
Determine the blade angle, tangential force, diagrame poer, a!ial thrust, and the
diagram efficiency for frictionless blades.
"f the relative velocity at e!it is reduced by friction to #0$ of that at inlet, then
recalculates the diagram poer, a!ial thrust, and the diagram efficiency. Ta%e
mass flo rate 1 %g/s .Answer (32.5
o
1!"5.2# $ %2".2# &' ! $ (5.25 )
3(3."%3 &' "#.(* $ #".#)+
Q2// a stage of a turbine ith &arson's blades of (0$ reaction degree delivers the
steam from the fi!ed blade at )0 m/s. The moving blade e!it angle is 20
o
and the
inlet a!ial velocity f
i
of the steam is */4 of the blade velocity. "f the steam is
supplied to the stage at a rate of )000 %g/hr, determine+
1. The diagram poer.
2. The diagram efficiency.
*. The total enthalpy drop of steam in the stage.
Answer, (131%3.5 ' - #(.#) - 525# &./&g+
Q3// a single ro impulse turbine receive * %g/s of steam ith velocity 42( m/s .
The blade speed ratio is 0.4 and the output poer is 1,1.(# %-. "f the frictional
losses in the moving blade amount to 14.)2 %-, determine the diagram
efficiency and the blade velocity coefficient. The nozzles angle is 1.
o
.
Answer, ("3.32)- !.*2#+
Q%//a simple impulse turbine /De 0aval turbine1 is supplied ith steam at 1( bar,
400
o
23superheat. The steam e!pands in the nozzles, hich have an efficiency of
)0$, to pressure of 1bar. 4ssuming the nozzle angle is 20
o
, blade velocity
coefficient is 0.#, and symmetrical blades5 determine for ideally ma!imum blade
efficiency condition+
1.The blade speed. 2. The blade angle. *.The poer output for
hr kg m / )000 =
.
4.6et the summation of nozzle losses, useful output or%, blade frictional losses,
and leaving %inetic energy5 hich must be e7ual to the isentropic enthalpy drop.
answ(%*3.*!2 //s- 3".!5
o
-1!*#.#5&'-no00le losses,"1.%" &./&g-energ1
o2tp2t,%3*.1 &./&g -friction losses,"#.1( &./&g- resid2al &inetic energ1,%".2%
&./&g+
3245ect, 6ower 6lant Technolog1
Chapter, 3tea/ T2r4ines
7ect2rer, 3 .8 .9aisal//:.3c B.3c :ech .;ng
Class, %
th

Date, 5/%/2!!#
Q5//The rotational3speed of an impulse turbine heel is *000 r.p.m. The nozzles
are inclined at 20
o
and their efficiency is 0.#). The isentropic heat drop for the
stage is 1() %8/%g. "f the blade speed ratio is 0.4, the blade speed coefficient is
0.#2, and the blade efficiency is 0.,.. 9ind for steam flo rate of 1( %g/s+
1. The mean blade ring diameter.
2. The poer developed by the stage.
Answer (1.355/ 1"13.2 &' +.
Q"// the nozzles of the impulse stage of turbine receive steam at 1( bar, *00
o
2
and discharge it at 10 bar. The nozzle efficiency is )( $ and the nozzle angle is
20
o
. The blade speed is that re7uired for ma!imum poer and the inlet angle of
the blades is that re7uired for entry of steam ithout shoc% .the blade e!it angle
is (
o
less than the inlet angle. The blade velocity coefficient is 0.). 2alculate for
steam flo rate 1*(0 %g/hr+
1. The diagram poer. 2. The diagram efficiency.
Answer (3!.3 &' (".3 ) +
Q#// the steam from the nozzle of single heel impulse turbine discharges ith
velocity of .00 m/s at angle of 20
o
. The blade heel rotates at *000 rev/min
and the mean blade radius is ()0mm. the a!ial velocity of steam at e!it from the
blade / e
f
1 is 1.4 m/s and the blades are symmetrical, calculate+
1. The blades angles.
2. The diagram poer.
*. The diagram efficiency .
4. The blade velocity coefficient.
Answer (2(
o
12".3 &' #!) !.#**+
Q(/in a reaction turbine stage, the fi!ed and moving frictionless blades are of the
same shape ith inlet and outlet angles of *(
o
and 20
o
respectively. The mean
blade heel diameter is 0.2*)m and the rotational speed is *000 r.p.m . The
steam is supplied to the stage at .4 %g/s. 2alculate+
1. The output absolute velocity and its angle.
2. The output poer and the diagram efficiency.
*. The total enthalpy drop in the stage in %8/%g.
4. The ma!imum diagram efficiency that can be obtained and the value of blade
speed ratio at hich it occurs.
Q*/ 2ompare beteen impulse and impulse3reaction turbines.
Q1!/for &arson turbine of (0$ reaction degree ,derive an e!pression for blade
efficiency shoing the optimum operation of blade speed ratio /b/a
i
1 and the
corresponding ma!imum efficiency poer.
Answer,
i
i i
i
i
i
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b

cos 1 / 2 1 / 1
1 cos 2 / 2
2
+

=
-here /
i
a
b
1 is the blade speed ratio
:y ma%ing
0
1 /
1 /
=
i
b
a
b
d
d
e find
i
optimum
i
a
b
cos =
5 ma!
i
i
b

2
2
cos 1
cos 2
+
=
5 poer;
2
b m

The velocity diagram ill be+
Q11//for De0aval turbine of symmetrical and frictionless blades degree ,derive
an e!pression for blade efficiency shoing the optimum operation of blade speed
ratio /b/a
i
1 and the corresponding ma!imum efficiency poer.
Answer,
1 /cos 4
i
i
i
b
a
b
a
b
=
-here /
i
a
b
1 is the blade speed ratio
by ma%ing
0
1 /
1 /
=
i
b
a
b
d
d
e find
2
cos
i
optimum
i
a
b
=
5 ma! i b

2
cos =
5 poer;
2
2 b m

The velocity diagram ill be+
b
a
e
mr
i
a
i
<r
e
b

i
a
b
optimum
i
a
b
ma!
b

i
a
b
optimum
i
a
b
ma!
b

b
mr
i
r
e
a
i
a
e