NEW EARTH DISTANCE CALCULATIONS - by Daniel Greffard (2009)

note: these calculations were done using the radius of the sun and planets and our
moon.

also note: before we begin check out this photo of venus transit back in 2004.

image: http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/sunearthday/2004/2004images/gallery_21.jpg
source: http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/sunearthday/2004/vt_gallery2.htm

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THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM DISPLAYS HOW CALCULATIONS WERE DONE
---------------------------------------------------------

Figure 1 (3D FROM SIDE):

____
/ |
/ |
/ |__
/ | \
| | \
| | |
| SUN | | <-- PLANET
| | | OR (AS CORE)
| | / MOON
\ |__/
\ |----|
\ |RADIUS = 1/FRACTION
\____| OF HOW MUCH
SMALLER...

Figure 2 (2D FROM A DISTANCE):

_________
/ \
/ SUN \
/ _____ \
/ / \ \
| / \ |
| | PLANET | |
| | OR | |
| | MOON | |
| \ / |
\ \_____/ /
\ /
\ /
\_________/

Figure 3:

_________ DISTANCE SUN <-> PLANET

/ | \ |------------| OR
/ | \ MOON
/ | \ _____
/ | \ / | \
| | | / | \
| | | | | |
| SUN | SUN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | \ | /
\ | / \__|__/
\ | /
\ | / |----|----|
\____|____/ RADIUS OF PLANET OR MOON

|--------|
RADIUS OF SUN

|--------------------------|
DISTANCE SUN CORE <-> PLANET CORE
OR
MOON CORE

---------------------------------------------------------

RADIUS:

radius of the sun = 695 500.0 km source: http://www.google.ca/search?

hl=en&q=radius+of+the+sun&btnG=Search&meta=&aq=f
radius of mercury = 2 439.7 km source: http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=radius+of+mercury&btnG=Search&meta=&aq=f
radius of venus = 6 051.8 km source: http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=radius+of+venus&btnG=Search&meta=&aq=f
radius of the moon = 1 737.4 km source: http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=radius+of+the+moon&btnG=Search&meta=&aq=f
radius of the earth = 6 378.1 km source: http://www.google.ca/search?
hl=en&q=radius+of+the+earth&btnG=Search&meta=&aq=f
radius of solar eclipse umbra = 132.7709 km source:
http://www.helium.com/items/1376645-solar-eclipse

MERCURY <-> SUN:

695 500
/ ------- = 285.0760
2 439.7

so the radius or diameter of mercury is roughly 285 times smaller than the sun.

VENUS <-> SUN:

695 500
/ ------- = 114.9244
6 051.8

so the radius or diameter of venus is roughly 115 times smaller than the sun.

MOON: <-> SUN:

695 500
/ ------- = 400.3108
1 737.4

so the radius or diameter of the moon is roughly 400 times smaller than the sun.

EARTH <-> SUN:

 695 500
/ ------- = 109.0450
6 378.1

so the radius or diameter of the earth is roughly 109 times smaller than the sun.

SOLAR UMBRA <-> MOON:

1 737.4
/ -------- = 13.0856
132.7709

so the radius or diameter of the umbra is roughly 13 times smaller than the moon.

---------------------------------------------------------

SURFACE:

to calculate the surface of a circle we multiply Pi (TT) by the squared radius. TT

R^2

SUN:

lets calculate the surface of half the sun. because in the venus transit we could
only see one side of the sun.

3.14159 x 695 500 ^2 = 1 519 650 700 197.5 km^2

MERCURY:

now lets calculate the surface of half of mercury. because the truth is we can
only see one side of a sphere like in a 2 dimensional image.

3.14159 x 2 439.7 ^2 = 18 699 171.2189 km^2

VENUS:

now lets calculate the surface of half of venus. because in the venus transit we
could only see one side of venus.

3.14159 x 6 051.8 ^2 = 115 058 481.9839 km^2

MOON:

now lets calculate the surface of half of the moon. because with the naked eye we
only see half the moon.

3.14159 x 1 737.4 ^2 = 9 483 074.0148 km^2

EARTH:

now lets calculate the surface of half of the earth. because from space they can
only photograph one side of it.

3.14159 x 6 378.1 ^2 = 127 800 382.6291 km^2

SOLAR UMBRA:
now lets calculate the surface of the umbra. because we will need it later to
calculate the distance of the earth from the moon.

3.14159 x 132.7709 ^2 = 55 380.3 km^2

---------------------------------------------------------

PLANETS <-> SUN RATIO:

MERCURY:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface venus is to the sun.

1 519 650 700 197.5

/ ------------------- = 81 268.3451
18 699 171.2189

so the surface of mercury is roughly 81 268 times smaller than the sun.
this means the surface of mercury is 1/81268'th the size of the surface of the
sun.

VENUS:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface venus is to the sun.

1 519 650 700 197.5

/ ------------------- = 13 207.6373
115 058 481.9839

so the surface of venus is roughly 13 208 times smaller than the sun.
this means the surface of venus is 1/13208'th the size of the surface of the sun.

MOON:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface the moon is to the sun.

1 519 650 700 197.5

/ ------------------- = 160 248.7440
9 483 074.0148

so the surface of the moon is roughly 160 249 times smaller than the sun.
this means the surface of the moon is 1/160249'th the size of the surface of the
sun.

EARTH:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface the earth is to the sun.

1 519 650 700 197.5

/ ------------------- = 11 890.8149
127 800 382.6291

so the surface of the earth is roughly 11 891 times smaller than the sun.
this means the surface of the earth is 1/11891'th the size of the surface of the
sun.

SOLAR UMBRA <-> MOON RATIO:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface the umbra is to the moon.

9 483 074.0148
/ -------------- = 171.2355
55 380.3

so the surface of the umbra is roughly 171 times smaller than the moon.
this means the surface of the umbra is 1/171'th the size of the surface of the
moon.

---------------------------------------------------------

PLANETS <-> MOON RATIO:

MERCURY:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface the moon is to mercury.

18 699 171.2189
/ --------------- = 1.9718
9 483 074.0148

VENUS:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface the moon is to venus.

115 058 481.9839

/ ---------------- = 12.1330
9 483 074.0148

EARTH:

now lets find out how much smaller in surface the moon is to earth.

127 800 382.6291

/ ---------------- = 13.4766
9 483 074.0148

---------------------------------------------------------

DISTANCE:

NASA's GIVEN DISTANCES:

distance of mercury from the sun = 69 800 000 km

distance of mercury from the earth = 79 800 000 km (149 600 000 - 69 800 000)
distance of venus from the sun = 108 200 000 km
distance of venus from earth = 41 400 000 km (149 600 000 - 108 200 000)
distance of the moon from earth = 384 392 km
distance of the moon from the sun = 149 215 608 km (149 600 000 - 384 392)
distance of the earth from the sun = 149 600 000 km

MERCURY <-> SUN:

for the surface of mercury to be proportional to the suns without distance

shrinking,
mercury would have to be stuck to the sun. this is a distance of the radius 2
439.7 km.
the surface of mercury is roughly 81 268 times smaller than the sun.

this means that roughly every 2 440 km away from the sun mercury gets,
mercury grows in surface size by 1/81268'th the size of the sun's.
lets find the distance mercury would have to be at for it to appear the same size
as the sun.

1 2 439.7 2 439.7 x 0.0012

----------- = ------- = ---------------- = --- = ------
81 268.3451 x 198 270 381.5404 100 100

at 2 439.7 (touching the sun, because thats the distance of mercury's radius)
mercury appears
0.0012% the size of the sun.

at 198 270 381.5404 km away from the sun, mercury should appear the same size as
the sun.

so in fact, since "they" said its "max" 69 800 000 km away from the sun, it will
never
eclipse the sun at 100% or more.

now lets find out how many times it would have grown at 69 800 000 km.

69 800 000
/ ---------- = 28610.0750 times.
2 439.7

this means that it would be roughly 28610/81268'th of the sun at 69 800 000 km.
lets find the percentage of the size of the sun it would appear at this distance.

28 610 x 35
------ = --- = ---
81 268 100 100

at 69 800 000 km, mercury should appear 35% of the sun.

---------------------------------------------------------

VENUS <-> SUN:

now lets do the same for venus.

1 6 051.8 6 051.8 x 0.0075

----------- = ------- = --------------- = --- = ------
13 207.6373 x 79 929 979.4121 100 100

at 6 051.8 (touching the sun, because thats the distance of venus's radius) venus
appears
0.0075% the size of the sun.

at 79 929 979.4121 km away from the sun, venus should appear the same size as the
sun.
but venus during transit was at 108 200 000 km away from the sun.

now lets find out how many times it would have grown at 108 200 000 km.
 108 200 000
/ ----------- = 17878.9781 times.
6 051.8

this means that it would be roughly 17879/13208'th of the sun at 108 200 000 km.
lets find the percentage of the size of the sun it would appear at this distance.

17 879 x 135
------ = --- = ---
13 208 100 100

at 108 200 000 km (closest to the sun) it should appear 135%, thats 35% bigger
than the sun's surface.

this venus transit photo back in 2004 shows venus being nothing more than a tiny
spec in front of the sun.

image: http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/sunearthday/2004/2004images/gallery_21.jpg

BOGUS!

---------------------------------------------------------

MOON <-> SUN:

hey just for fun lets do the same for the moon.

1 1 737.4 1 737.4 x 0.0006

------------ = ------- = ---------------- = --- = ------
160 248.7440 x 278 416 167.8256 100 100

at 1 737.4 (touching the sun, because thats the distance of the moon's radius) the
moon appears
0.0006% the size of the sun.

now lets substract the radiuses of the moon and the sun to get the total distance.

278 416 167.8256 km (sun core<->moon core)

- 695 500.0000 km (sun radius)
- 1 737.4000 km (moon radius)
-------------------------------------
277 718 930.4256 km (sun<->moon)

at 277 718 930.4256 km away from the sun, the moon should appear the same size as
the sun.

now lets find out how many times it would have grown at 149 215 608 km.

149 215 608

/ ----------- = 85884.4296 times.
1 737.4

this means that it would be roughly 85884/160249'th of the sun at 149 215 608 km.
lets find the percentage of the size of the sun it would appear at this distance.

85884 x 54
------- = --- = ---
160 248 100 100

at 149 215 608 km it should appear 54% the size of the sun's surface.

nasa says the earth is at 149 600 000 km from the sun.
but the moon is really at 277 718 930.4256 km from the sun
thats a difference of 128 118 930.4256 km.

how do we see an eclipse of the moon passing in front of the sun if the moon is
128 118 930.4256 km further away from the sun than the earth.
when in fact we have been mistaken and told that the moon is 149 215 608 km away
from the sun.
also how do we see a total eclipse if at that distance (suggesting the earth is
further than it was said to be) the moon is only 54% of the size of the sun.

BOGUS!

---------------------------------------------------------

EARTH <-> SUN:

so what would be the hypothetical distance of the earth from the sun?
lets find out...

considering that the moon is the same size as the sun in out sky from earth,
if the moon is 100% the size of the sun at 277 718 930.4256 km from the sun,

if the moon was touching the earth, the earth would appear 13.4766 times bigger
than the moon in surface.
now lets calculate the distance of the moon from the earth.

1 1 737.4 1 737.4 x 7
------- = ------- = ----------- = --- = ---
13.4766 x 23 414.2448 100 100

at 1 737.4 (touching the earth, because thats the distance of the moon's radius)
the moon appears
7% the size of the earth.

at 23 414.2448 km away from the earth, the moon should appear the same size as the
earth.

now lets calculate the hypothetical distance of the earth from the moon.

EARTH<->MOON:

now lets substract the radiuses of the moon and the earth to get the total
distance.

23 414.2448 km (earth core<->moon core)

- 6 378.1000 km (earth radius)
- 1 737.4000 km (moon radius)
-------------------------------------
15 298.7448 km (earth<->moon)

still dont believe me? here is another method using the radiuses of the moon's
umbra during solar eclipse and the moon.

according to science, the average diameter size of a umbra on earth during a solar
eclipse is ~265.5418 km (~165 mi)
the radius size would be half of that at 132.7709 km. the umbra is ~171 times
smaller than the surface of the moon.

1 132.7709 132.7709 x 0.5839

-------- = -------- = ----------- = --- = ------
171.2355 x 22 735.0914 100 100

EARTH<->MOON:

now lets substract the radiuses of the moon umbra and the moon itself to get the
total distance.

22 735.0914 km (umbra<->moon core)

- 132.7709 km (umbra radius)
- 1 737.4000 km (moon radius)
-------------------------------------
20 864.9205 km (earth<->moon)

calculated from the umbra of 265.5418 km in diamter,

the distance of the earth from the moon is 22 735.0914 km

just to give you an idea an airplane flys at its highest altitude around 40 000 ft
(12.2 km)

calculated from the radius of the earth and the moon,

the distance between them is 15 298.7448 km and the umbra would be 178.6866 km in
diamter.

largest umbra is approx. 167 mi, largest prenumbra is approx. 3000 mi

the diameter of the earth is 7926.335 mi. giving the benefit of the doubt that the
part of the prenumbra (3000 mi) situated
on either side of the umbra (167 mi) calculates to 6167 mi. where is the missing
~2000 mi? thats a huge chunk of earth missing.

BOGUS!

also... the moon covers a space in front of the earth. witch causes the umbra, as
for the prenumbra, it should not all be shaded cause the
sunlight reaches that area on either side of the moon according to this diagram.

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_eclipse.svg

BOGUS!

EARTH<->SUN: [moon core method]

now lets add the diameter of the moon and the moon<->earth distance to get a
total.

277 718 930.4256 km (sun<->moon)

+ 3 474.8000 km (moon diameter)
+ 15 298.7448 km (earth<->moon) [moon core method]
-------------------------------------
277 737 703.9704 km (sun<->earth)
OR

EARTH<->SUN: [moon umbra method]

now lets add the diameter of the moon and the moon<->earth distance to get a
total.

277 718 930.4256 km (sun<->moon)

+ 3 474.8000 km (moon diameter)
+ 20 864.9205 km (earth<->moon) [moon umbra method]
-------------------------------------
277 743 270.1461 km (sun<->earth)

---------------------------------------------------------

HYPOTHETICAL FACTS:

SUN:
radius: 695 500 km
surface: 1 519 650 700 197.5 km^2

MERCURY: 285.0760 times smaller

radius: 2 439.7 km
radius times smaller: 285.0760
surface: 18 699 171.2189 km^2
surface times smaller (sun): 81 268.3451
surface times smaller (moon): 1.9718

VENUS: 114.9244 times smaller

radius: 6 051.8000 km
radius times smaller: 114.9244
surface: 115 058 481.9839 km^2
surface times smaller (sun): 13 207.6373
surface times smaller (moon): 12.1330

MOON: 400.3108 times smaller

radius: 1 737.4 km
radius times smaller: 400.3108
surface: 9 483 074.0148 km^2
surface times smaller (sun): 160 248.7440
hypothetical distance from the sun: 278 416 167.8256 km

EARTH: 109.0450 times smaller

radius: 6 378.1 km
radius times smaller: 109.0450
surface: 127 800 382.6291 km^2
surface times smaller (sun): 11 890.8149
surface times smaller (moon): 13.4766

WITH EARTH:
***************************************************************
*** hypothetical distance from the sun: 277 737 703.9704 km ***
*** hypothetical distance from the moon: 15 298.7448 km ***
***************************************************************

OR :)
WITH UMBRA:
***************************************************************
*** hypothetical distance from the sun: 277 743 270.1461 km ***
*** hypothetical distance from the moon: 20 864.9205 km ***
***************************************************************

OR HOW ABOUT THIS

WITH SHADOW OPTICS:

the closer an object is to a surface that light shines on, the shadow
of that object appears actual size of that object.

average solar eclipse umbra (darkest part of shadow) = ~165 mi = ~265.5418 km

note: for this expiriment i used a flashlight, the ball from a computer mouse
and a desk. i positioned the flashlight 30cm above the desk and the ball
on the desk. then i measured the size of the shadow at different distances.

light source: 30 cm
ball size: 2.3 cm (~2.5 cm)
ball distance: 0 cm
shadow size: 2.3 cm (~2.5 cm)

for the first diameter of distance away from the desk, the size of the
umbra shadow does not change. thereafter, every distance of its diameter that
it distances itself from the desk, the umbra shadow shrinks

how could the umbra of the moon during solar eclipse, be smaller than
the actual size of the moon?

ITS NOT, because nothing naturally has a shadow smaller than itself.

during this expiriment, the shadow of the mouse ball was closer to actual
size of the ball and a darker umbra when closer to the desk then closer,
to the flashlight.

this would mean, if the moon is closer to the earth than the sun, as science
claims. the umbra of the shadow would be closer to actual size of the moon.
rather than smaller.

lets apply this theory to the moon

with the mouse ball of 2.3 cm at 19.5 cm away from the desk there is no more
umbra, just a prenumbra.

19.5 / 2.3 = 8.4782

1 737.4 km (radius) * 2 = 3 474.8 km (diameter)

3 474.8 km * 8.4782 = ~29 460.2608 km (max distance from earth, projecting no
umbra)
at 0km (touching the earth) umbra is 3 474.8 km

265.5418 km x 2 251.3326 km
------------- = -------------- = -------------- (away from moon position)
3 474.8000 km 29 460.2608 km 29 460.2608 km

29 460.2608 - 2 251.3326 = 27 208.9282 km

the moon at 27 208.9282 km away from the earth casts an umbra shadow of ~265.5418
km (~165 mi)

---------------------------------------------------------

CONCLUSION:

triginomatry is flawed: http://img264.imageshack.us/img264/8130/flawedtrig.jpg

facts:

- venus being a spec in front of the sun cannot be true with the radius provided.
- the moon eclipsng at ~278 000 000 km away from the sun is not possible
if the earth is closer to the sun than it actaully is according to nasa.
- *some* the distances and sizes of the planets may be wrong or are wrong.

some of our science could be flawed like in the triginometrical photo at the top
of the article.
some of the greatest minds were philosophers who found some truth through a lens
(microscope/telescope/tv/internet/spaceship)