Generations of Computers

The computer has been through a number of distinct stages before it became the machine of today- the
modern, automatic, high speed, electronic, digital and data processing machine.
1
st
Generation (1951-1959)
The acuum Tube
1
st
generation of computers made use of the !acuum tubes as a means of storing data in memory
These computers had high data processing speed compared "ith their predecessors that used
electromagnetic relays
#t can multiply $ ten digit numbers in a 1%&' of a second
Characteristics of the 1
st
generation computers
They required one program for a specific computer.
#f the gi!en program "as changed, the machine(s circuits had to be changed also.
They had limited memory.
They could store from $''' to &''' bytes or characters.
They required air conditioning
acuum tubes ga!e off great amount of heat
They were relatively slow and unreliable
)perating speed "as in milliseconds (1%1''' of a second)
Tube failures "ere encountered e!ery 1$hrs.
They were bulky and large
The machines had to house thousands of !acuum tubes
They were more difficult to operate
)ne had to be a computer scientist to operate them.
1
st
generations of computers
o *+#,C- *ni!ersal ,utomatic Computer
o -+#,C- -lectronic +umerical #ntegrator and Computer
o -.,C- -lectronic .iscrete ariable ,utomatic Computer
*+#,C 1 (1951)
o /as the 1
st
commercially !iable computer
o /as de!eloped by 0auchly and -c1ert, "as built in 1951 and "as 1
st
used by the *2 3ureau of Census.
o #t contained 5''' !acuum tubes and could store up to 1''' numbers in its electronic memory
o Can add t"o ten-digit numbers in 1$'microseconds
o #t "as famous for predicting the results of ,merican presidential elections in 195$ "ith only 54 of the
!otes counted.
$
nd
Generation of Computers (1959-195&)
The Transistor
o #n 19&6, at 3ell 7aboratories ,merican physicists /alter 8ouser 3rattain, 9ohn 3ardeen and /illiam
3radford 2hoc1ley de!eloped the transistor.
o Transistor : a small crystal de!ice that can act as an electric s"itch,
o Transistor enabled computer designers to build circuits in smaller spaces and run them on much lesser
electricity.
o The in!ention of transistor mar1ed the start of the $
nd
generation of computers.
o The use of transistor reduced the physical si;e of the $
nd
generation of computers
o The transistor replaced the costly, energy consuming and unreliable !acuum tubes
Characteristics of $
nd
generation computers
They did need to be warmed up
The computers could start "or1ing as soon as they "ere turned on.
They consumed less electricity
They were faster and more reliable
)perating speed "as in microseconds or one-millionth of a second
They were smaller more powerful and less expensive
They have improved data storage capacity
0ain memory si;e "as at <',''' bytes
$
nd
generation computers
8oney"ell &'' (1959)
=.=-6 (195<)
The 8oney"ell &'' (1959)
/as built by 8oney"ell Corporation it "as popular and "as used by most business companies,
uni!ersities and go!(t organi;ations because it "as cheaper than #30(s 1
st
generation computer, #30
55' and other $
nd
generation computers of other companies.
The =.=-6 (195<)
.uring the 195'(s and 195'(s only the largest companies could afford to buy computers "hich "ere
of the mainframe type.
#t cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, some e!en reaching a fe" millions.
#n fact in 195&, there "ere less than 5' computers across the *.2.
There "ere a thousand or t"o in the 195'(s
=.=-6 became the instant hit, "as made by .igital ->uipment Corp.
#t "as considered the 1
st
successful minicomputer. #t cost only ?16,'''
There "as such a great demand for small computers for business and scientific applications in 195'(s
3y 19@1, more than $5 firms "ere manufacturing minicomputers.
The <
rd
generation of computers (195&-19@')
The #ntegrated Circuit
The #30-system <5' line of computers mar1ed the start of the <
rd
generation of computers
2ome computer historians considered its in!ention as the single most important e!ent in the history of
computer
#t "as presented to the public in ,pril 195&
#t "as the 1
st
computer system to use the integrated circuit to control the computer
,s a system, it "as composed of 5 computers and &' peripherals "or1ing together
The integrated circuit replaced indi!idual transistors in computers
#n fact the <
rd
generation of computers made all pre!iously installed computers obsolete.
,n integrated circuit (#C) consisted of tiny transistors and other electrical components arranged on a
single fla1e of a silicon
, silicon is a semiconductor element that is part of ordinary sand.
The #C is a complete electronic circuit
The #C "as in!ented by 9ac1 Ailby and Bobert +oyce in 1956
,n #C is less than 5mm s>uare or 1%6 of an inch
#t contains thousands or millions of electronic components
Characteristic of <
rd
Generation Computers
The <
rd
generation had the follo"ing ad!antages o!er those of the 1
st
and $
nd
generations
They are smaller, cheaper and faster
Their operating speed is in the nanoseconds or 1 billionth of a second
They have more main memory capacity
Their memory si;e is 5$1,''' bytes or 5$1Ab
They consumed less electricity or power
They were programmed with improved versions of computer languages
,mong these computer languages "ere C)BTB,+ (Cormula translator) and C)3)7 (Common
3usiness )riented 7anguages)
This period also mar1ed the de!elopment of more sophisticated soft"ares or programs. 3ecause of this,
the computers became more efficient and could perform many applications for go!ernment and pri!ate sectors
The program also allo"ed interactive processing, one in "hich the user has more or less continous
participation. #n other "ords, the user directly enters a >uestion or command and the computer immediately
responds. ,n eDample of an interacti!e program is a computer game.
Getting to Ano" the #ntegrated Circuit or Chip
,n IC, also called a chip is a tiny piece of silicon co!ered "ith thousands or millions of electric circuits
through "hich millions of tiny currents of electricity pass.
*sing these currents, a chip can do all the operations needed to control the computer
2ince chips are !ery small and delicate, they are pac1aged in small plastic cases "ith legs called pins. The
pins are made of copper, coated "ith gold or tin "hich are good conductors of electricity
These pins carry electrical signals to and from the chip, as "ell as the current needed to po"er the chip
/hen remo!e the top co!er of the case, you "ould see the chip itself in the center of the frame or spider.
Gold "ires, finer than human hair carry the electrical signals from the spider to the chip.
&
th
Generation of Computers (19@1)
The 0icroprocessor
#ntegrated circuits became miniaturi;ed (!ery small), enabling more components to be designed into a
single computer circuit.
19@1, "as the start of the &
th
generation of computers "ith the introduction of large-scale-integration
(72#) circuits and !ery large-scale integrated circuits (72#) called microprocessors
, microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains thousands of transistors.
0odern microprocessors contain more than 1'million transistors
&
th
generation computers "ere characteri;ed by their use of microprocessors and other sophisticated
circuits
, microprocessor is a general purpose processor on a chip. #t is "here all computations are done.
0icroprocessors are distinguished on the basis of po"er and speed.
=o"er is the measured data "idth- the number of bits of data the computer can process at one time.
2peed is indicated by the cloc1 speed gi!en in hert;. 8ert; (8;) is a unit of fre>uency of cloc1 pulses of
electric current in one second. , 1ilohert; (A8;) is e>ui!alent to 1''' 8; and a megahert; (08;) is
1'''A8;
Cloc1 speed determines ho" fast a computer can eDecute instructions. The higher the cloc1 speed the
bigger the data "idth, the more po"erful the microprocessor.
The 1
st
general purpose microprocessor "as the & bit 1'6Ah; #ntel &''&, it "as created by #ntel Corp.
based on the design made by 0arcia 8off. ,s indicated by its cloc1 speed and data "idth this chip could
recei!e and perform simple instructions.
0anufacturers used the microprocessor technology to build smaller, more reliable, more po"erful and
cheaper computers.
Today there are many companies de!eloping microprocessor. 2ome of them are #ntel, ,0., CyriD and
.igital
The #ntel based computer comes "ith the follo"ing microprocessorsE (+oteE #ntel 6'$65 microprocessors
are simply stated as #ntel $65 or Fust $65. ,lso, the microprocessor and C=* are used interchangeably
"hen referring to microcomputers.
The 0icrocomputers
Computers that are built around microprocessors are called microcomputers, or home computers or
personal computers
0icrocomputers are !ery much cheaper and more po"erful than the minicomputers (#ntegrated Circuits)
and mainframes of pre!ious generations.
The introduction of microcomputers made computing a!ailable to !ery small companies and e!en to
indi!iduals, thus the name Gpersonal computerH "hich "as made by #30.
The ,ltair 66'' (19@5)
The 1
st
personal computer "as de!eloped and sold by 0#T2 o"ned by -d Boberts.
#t "as the ,ltair 66'' that appeared in 19@5
#t used an 6 digit #ntel 6'6' microprocessor, had $55 bytes of B,0 or main memory, recei!ed input
through s"itches on the front panel and displayed outputs ro"s of light emitting diodes (7-.)
The ,pple ## (19@@)
196&, ,pple Computer Corp. "as included in Cortune 5'', a list of the 5'' largest corporations in the
*.2.
3ut do you 1no" ho" it startedI T"o young computer enthusiasts, 2te!en =aul 9obs and 2tephen
/o;nia1 (then $1 and $5 y%o) built ,pple # in 19@5, the 1
st
computer circuit board in a garage using
?1<'' they recei!ed from the sale of an old car. #t mar1ed the coming of the ,pple line of computers
#n 19@@, the ,pple ## computer that 9obs and /o;nia1 de!eloped became the popular brand of
microcomputers. Their main application soft"are called Visicalc, an electronic spreadsheet also became
!ery popular
The 0acintosh or simply 0ac "as introduced by ,pple Computers in 196&.
The #30 =C (1961)
#n 1961, #30 entered the microcomputer business and introduced the #30 =C "hich used &.@@ 08;
#ntel 6'66 microprocessor
That same year <5,''' units "ere sold and 6'',''' more the neDt year. 2oon enough soft"are !endors
(li1e 0icrosoft Corp, o"ned by 3ill Gates) began to de!elop programs that could run on the #30 =C.
This added to the =C(s popularity.
,s a result other microcomputer manufacturers created and sold clones of #30 =C. These clones could
run most or all the soft"are designed by the #30 =C.
The phrase Gpersonal computerH or simply =C is a trademar1 and refers to the #30 =C. 8o"e!er
personal computer is another name for microcomputer.
The 2upercomputers
The !ery large-scale integration (72#) circuits brought about the de!elopment of a special family of
high speed, high capacity and high capability machines 1no"n as the supercomputers.
The Cray #
/as the supercomputer designed by 2eymour Cray of Cray Besearch n -agan, 0ichigan
#t "as announced in 19@5
#t "as the 1
st
computer capable of performing o!er 1'' billion calculations per second
#t "as shaped in a horseshoe design in order to shorten the circuit paths and speed up processing
,lthough there are other supercomputers that are much faster, the Cray # is still used today for
mathematical studies of !ery compleD problems, such as speech analysis, "eather forecasting and
fundamental >uestions in physics and chemistry
The Cray # "ill al"ays be remembered, it used the informal unit of measure for ne"er supercomputers,
some of "hich are no" proFected to e>ual 1''' GCraysH.
Characteristics of &
th
Generation Computers
They can support and run special softwares
They have multiprogramming features
They are tremendously fast, reliable and have large storage capacity
5
th
Generation (ongoing research)
The challenge of 9apan
The line separating the &
th
and 5
th
generation of computers could not be determined yet. The term G5
th
H
"as coined by 9apan to indicate the neDt generation of computers "hich had been planned and created in
the mid 9'(s
These are more po"erful and intelligent computers
#t "as in 1961 "hen a group of 9apanese businessmen and go!ernment employees met and agreed to deal
"ith the challenge of designing and building the 5
th
generation of computers.
Besearchers had been made on the general area of !artificial intelligence" (,#)
This area eDplores ho" computers can be used for tas1s that re>uire Gthin1ingH (such as the ability to
reason, to learn, or to impro!e oneself) Fust as humans do.
Besearchers ha!e also been made to sol!e a "ide range of problems that re>uire the human characteristics
of imagination and intuition.
)f course, computer can ne!er simulate (to act li1e) the human >ualities of creati!ity, humor and
emotions.
=aradoDE 0an !s. ComputerJ/ill massi!e or super great calculating po"er replace intelligenceI
.eep 3lue- the 1
st
computer to "in a game against a reigning "orld champion "ith regulation time
control. .eep 3lue is #30(s supercomputer that had the ability to compute more than 1'' million chess positions
per second. #n 1995, it displayed its problem sol!ing po"er through a chess match "ith Gary Aasparo!, the
reigning "orld chess champion. Aasparo! came out the "inner "ith < "ins, $ dra"s and 1 loss. 0any eDperts
predict that GintelligentH computers li1e .eep 3lue "ill soon surpass the human chess playing ability. 2ome e!en
speculate that massi!e calculating po"er "ill one day replace intelligence. /hat do you thin1I
Aey areas of ongoing research on artificial intelligence include eDpert systems, natural languages, simulation of
human sensory capabilities and robotics
-Dpert systems
This refers to soft"are that allo"s the computer to be an eDpert on a particular subFect and be a!ailable
for consultation. The computer and the user become partners in problem sol!ing. 3oth of them as1 and
respond to each other(s >uestions until the problem is resol!ed.
+atural 7anguages
+atural languages refer to soft"are that enables the computer to accept, interpret and eDecute instructions
or commands in the user(s nati!e tongue or GnaturalH language, typically -nglish. Cor eDample, you are
using a natural language "hen you enter an instruction li1eE G2ho" me a bar chart of grade fi!e >uarterly
ne"spaper dri!e.H
2imulation of human sensory capabilities
This area e>uips the computer "ith capabilities of seeing, hearing, spea1ing and feeling (touching).
Bobotics
#s the integration of computers and industrial robots. These machines can mo!e and relate "ith obFects as
humans "ould. They are !ery useful in performing repetiti!e, dirty and dangerous Fobs.
=)#+T2 T) B-0-03-B
0en of great minds in!ested great time and effort to gi!e us the great de!ice called modern computer :
an automatic, high speed, electronic, digital and data processing machine.
The early computational de!ice "ere manual "hich included the abacus, +apier(s bones or rods and the
slide rule
The mechanical de!ices "ere 2chi1ard(s calculating cloc1, the =ascaline, 7eibnit;(s calculator and the
arithmometer
The electromechanical computers include the 0ar1 #
The early electronic computers "ere the ,3C, -+#,C, and -.,C
The forerunner of the modern computer "as Charles 3abbage(s ,nalytical -ngine
The generations or the distinct stages of computers are categori;ed by the main component around "hich
the particular generation "as builtE
o 1
st
Generation 1951-1959 acuum tubes
o $
nd
Generation 1959-195& Transistors
o <
rd
Generation 195&-19@' #ntegrated Circuits
o &
th
Generation 19@1-present 0icroprocessor or 72#, 72#
o 5
th
Generation ongoing research 9apan(s challenge
,rtificial intelligence (,#) is a branch of computer science "hich eDplores ho" computers can be used
for tas1s that re>uire Gthin1ingH Fust as humans do.
Aey areas of ongoing research on artificial intelligence includesE eDpert systems, natural languages,
simulation of human sensory capabilities and robotics.
K*#L )+ T8- 1
2T
G-+-B,T#)+ )C C)0=*T-B2
1. This generation mar1ed the use of "hat de!iceI
a. Transistor
b. acuum tube
c. #ntegrated circuits
d. 0icroprocessor
$. True or Calse. These computers had high processing speeds compared "ith their predecessors
that used electromagnetic relays.
<. True or Calse. They could multiply t"o ten-digit numbers in 1%&' second.
&. True or Calse. , !acuum tube is an electronic tube from "hich essentially all air has been
remo!ed.
5. True or Calse. #t "as also used to built radios
5. True or Calse. acuum tubes burned out fre>uently and had to be replaced.
-numerate the 1
st
generation computers
@.
6.
9.
1'. The 1
st
commercially a!ailable (for sale) electronic digital computer
a. -+#,C c. ,3C
b. *+#,C # d. -.,C
11. /ho in!ented the !acuum tubeI
a. 7ee de Correst c. Thomas -dison
b. /illiam 2hoc1ley d. ,leDander Graham 3ell
1$. *+#,C # contained ho" many !acuum tubesI
a. &9'' c. 51''
b. 5''' d. 5$''
1<. *+#,C # can store ho" many numbers in its electronic memoryI
a. 9'' c. 1'''
b. 95' d. 1$''
1&. #t can add t"o ten-digit in ho" many microsecondsI
a. 115 c. 1$5
b. 1$' d. 1<'
15. /hat "as *+#,C # famous for in counting in one of the most remar1able e!ent in ,merican
history
a. /as famous in tabulating and finding results of the ,merican census by getting only the 54 of
the total number of census being counted.
b. /as famous in predicting the ,merican election by Fust 54 of the !otes being counted
c. /as famous for predicting the ,merican "eather forecast by Fust getting 54 of the "ind(s
speed
d. /as famous for predicting the trend of ,merican migration by Fust getting 54 of the total
number of migrants across the *nited 2tates of ,merica.
15. /hat year in ,merican election "here *+#,C # "as utili;edI
a. 1951 b. 195$ c. 195< d. 195&
1@. )ne of the most notable obser!ations physically for 1
st
generation computers "asI
a. bul1y and !ery large
b. reduced physical si;e in the machine(s casing
c. faster and more reliable
d. integrated through 72# (large scale integration) and 72# (!ery large scale integration)
16. The 1
st
generation computers( memory "ere limited only up to
a. $','''-<',''' bytes
b. $'''-&''' bytes
c. 5,'''- 1',''' bytes
d. <5,'''-5',''' bytes
19. Tube failures encountered e!ery ho" many hoursI
a. 1' hrs
b. 1$hrs
c. 1& hrs
d. 15 hrs
$'. /hat period of the year "here the 1
st
generation of computers eDistedI
a. 19&'-19&9
b. 1951-1959
c. 1959-195&
d. 195&-19@'


K*#L )+ $
+.
G-+-B,T#)+ )C C)0=*T-B2
1. /hat de!ice is famous and being used during the $
nd
generation of computers
a. acuum tube c. #ntegrated circuits
b. Transistor d. 0icroprocessor
$. /hat period of the year "here the $
nd
generation of computers eDistedI
a. 19&'-19&9 c. 1959-195&
b. 1951-1959 d. 195&-19@'
<. /hat year and "hat laboratories "ere used in de!eloping the famous de!ice that the $
nd

generation of computers usedI
a. 19&5, at -dison(s Gen. -lectric 7aboratories
b. 19&6, at 2hoc1ley(s Transistor 7aboratories
c. 19&6, at 3ell Telephone 7aboratories
d. 19&9, at 2iemens Telephone 7aboratories
&. /hat is a transistorI
a. , de!ice that can act as load circuit
b. , de!ice that can act as relay
c. , de!ice that is influenced by electromagnetism
d. , de!ice that can as an electric s"itch
5. /hat notable contribution on the famous de!ice being in!ented, "as used by the $
nd

generation of computersI
a. #t enabled computer designers to build circuits in bigger si;es and run them on much
higher electricity.
b. #t enabled computer designers to build circuits in smaller si;es and run them on much
higher electricity.
c. #t enabled computer designers to build circuits in smaller si;es and run them on much
lesser electricity.
d. #t enabled computer designers to build circuits in smaller si;es and run them on much
more eDpensi!e electricity.
5. The transistor is made up of "hat semiconductor elementI
a. Copper
b. 2il!er
c. 2ilicon
d. 3ron;e
@. The $
nd
generation of computers used I#$IVI$%&'I()$ de!iceI
a. acuum tube c. #ntegrated circuits
b. Transistor d. 0icroprocessor
6. The use of the de!ice being used in the $
nd
generation of computer reduced the computers(I
a. 0emory si;e c. physical si;e
b. =rocessing speed d. data si;e
9. /hat "ere the eDamples of computers that belong to the $
nd
generation of computersI
a. #30 =C, ,pple ##, Cray # c. ,ltair 66''
b. 8oney"ell &'', =.=-6 d. #30 <5'
1'. /hat computer that belongs to the $
nd
generation of computers that "as cheaper than the
#30 55'I
a. =.=-6 c. ,pple ##
b. 8oney"ell &'' d. #30 =C
11. /hich computer that "as built by .igital ->uipment Corp that became a hit for it "as the
1
st
successful minicomputerI
a. =.=-6 c. ,pple ##
b. 8oney"ell &'' d. #30 =C
1$. The ans"er to number 11, costs ho" muchI
a. ?1','''
b. ?15,'''
c. ?16,'''
d. ?$','''
1<. /ho "ere the in!entors that de!eloped the transistorI
a. Thomas -dison, ,ndre 0arie ,mpere, ,leDander olta
b. ,leDander Graham 3ell, Gugeillmo 0arconi, 8enry 8ert;
c. /alter 8ouser 3rattain, 9ohn 3ardeen, /illiam 3radford 2hoc1ley
d. 3enFamin Cran1lin, 9ames 0aD"ell, 9ames /atts
1&. .uring the $
nd
generation of computers, "ho are the ones that can afford to ha!e that 1ind of
computerI
a. 2mall companies c. medium si;ed companies
b. 7arge companies d. blue chip companies
15. 8o" much "ere the price ranges of the computers on the $
nd
generationI
a. Ce" hundred dollars
b. 8undred to thousands dollars
c. 8undreds of thousands of dollars, fe" millions
d. 0illions of dollars
15. /hat year period "here the total count of computers across the *nited 2tates of ,merica
"ere less than 5' unitsI
a. 3efore 19&1 c. mid 195'(s
b. 3efore 195& d. after 1959
1@. )ne of the most notable performances in a transistor in terms of electricity isI
a. #t consumed moderate electricity
b. #t consumed less electricity
c. #t consumed high electricity
d. #t consumed eDpensi!e electricity
16. , transistor has < terminals namely that corresponds to the < gears in the 0echanical
Computer =eriod and < !acuum tubes in the 1
st
generation of computers.
a. Collector, !ase, !ial
b. Collector, base, emitter
c. Collector, soc1et, load
d. Collector, control, processor
K*#L )+ T8- <
B.
G-+-B,T#)+ )C C)0=*T-B2
1. /hat de!ice is famous and being used during the <
rd
generation of computers
a. acuum tube c. #ntegrated circuits
b. Transistor d. 0icroprocessor
$. /hat period of the year "here the <
rd
generation of computers eDistedI
c. 19&'-19&9 c. 1959-195&
d. 1951-1959 d. 195&-19@'
<. The 1
st
line of computers that 1
st
used the de!ice on the <
rd
generation of computersI
a. #30 55' c. ,pple ##
b. #30 <5' d. ,ltair 66''
&. The 1
st
line of computers "ho "ere using the de!ice that "as !ery useful during the <
rd

generation of computers "as presented to the public inI
a. ,pril 195$ c. ,pril 1955
b. ,pril 195& d. ,pril 1956
5. The 1
st
computer to use the #ntegrated circuitI
a. #30 55' c. ,pple ##
b. #30 <5' d. ,ltair 66''
5. ,s a system (the 1
st
line of computers "ho used integrated circuit) composed ho" many
computers and peripherals "or1ing togetherI
a. 6 computers and $' peripherals
b. 5 computers and &' peripherals
c. 9 computers and <' peripherals
d. 1' computers and 5' peripherals
@. /hat "as replaced individually by the integrated circuit*
a. acuum tube c. 0emory chip
b. Transistor d. 0icroprocessor
6. #t consisted of tiny transistors and other electrical components arranged on a single fla1e of
silicon.
a. acuum tube c. #ntegrated circuit
b. Transistor d. 0icroprocessor
9. #t is also called as the complete circuitI
a. acuum tube c. #ntegrated circuit
b. Transistor d. 0icroprocessor
1'. /ho "ere the in!entors of the integrated circuitI
a. Bobert Aenley and 9ac1 +icholson
b. 9ac1 7emon and Bobert .e +iro
c. 9ac1 3lac1 and Bobert Bolls Boyce
d. 9ac1 Ailby and Bobert +oyce
11. ,n #C(s dimension isI
a. 7ess than &mm
b. 7ess than 5mm
c. 7ess than @mm
d. 7ess 1'mm
1$. ,n #C typically contains ho" many electronic componentsI
a. 8undreds or thousands
b. Thousands or millions
c. 0illions or billions
d. Tens to hundreds
1<. The main memory si;es of the <rd generation of computers "ereI
a. <',''' bytes
b. 5$1,''' bytes
c. $,'''-&,''' bytes
d. 5,'''-1',''' bytes
1&. #nteracti!e processing, it is "here the user has lesser or more continuous participation. #n
"hat generation of computer "as it createdI
a. 1
st
generation c. <
rd
generation
b. $
nd
generation d. &
th
generation
15. #t is the period "here it started the de!elopment of more sophisticated soft"are or
programsI
a. 1
st
generation c. <
rd
generation
b. $
nd
generation d. &
th
generation
15. /hat "ere the t"o famous computer languages that "ere noted during the <
rd
generation of
computersI
a. Turbo :C c. C)BTB,+ and C)3)7
b. Turbo =ascal d. 9a!a and )bFect )riented =rogramming
1@. ,n #C, is also called as a MMMMMI
a. .e!ice c. machine
b. Tool d. Chip
c.
16. The legs of an #C is called
a. =ins c. load
b. +ec1 d. head
19. The operating speed of the <
rd
generation computers isI
a. 0illiseconds c. nanoseconds
b. 0icroseconds d. picoseconds
$'. #ntegrate meansI
a. To differentiate c. to eliminate
b. To combine d. to distinguish
K*#L )+ T8- &
T8
G-+-B,T#)+ )C C)0=*T-B2
1. /hat de!ice is famous and being used during the &
th
generation of computers
e. acuum tube c. #ntegrated circuits
f. Transistor d. 0icroprocessor
$. /hat period of the year "here the &
th
generation of computers eDistedI
g. 19&'-19&9 c. 1959-195&
h. 1951-1959 d. 19@1
<.

,. /hat does each acronym stand forI
1. ,3C-
$. -.,C-
<. #30 =C-
&. #C-
5. 72#-
5. -+#,C-
@. *+#,C-
3. Cill in the blan1s "ith the correct ans"ersE
6. MMMMMMMMMMMM is a "ord used to describe the tools, machines and implements "hich people use to
pro!ide for their needs.
a. Technician
b. Technicalities
c. Technology
d. Techni>ue
9. The 1
st
calculating de!ice designed by Charles 3abbage "as the MMMMMMMMMMMMM.
a. ,nalytical -ngine
b. .ifference -ngine
c. 7eibnit;(s calculator
d. =ascaline
1'. The -+#,C used MMMMMMMMMM !acuum tubes to transmit electrical signals.
a. 1@,6&5
b. 1@,&56
c. 1@,65&
d. 1@,&65
11. MMMMMMMMMMMM is one "hich the user has more or less continuous participation.
a. #nteracti!e 0edia
b. #nteracti!e =rocessing
c. #nteracti!e Gaming 2oft"are
d. #nteracti!e Computer )utput
1$. ,n #C called a MMMMMMM is a tiny piece of silicon co!ered "ith thousands or millions of electric
circuit through "hich millions of tiny electric current pass.
a. .e!ice
b. Tool
c. 0achine
d. Chip
1<. MMMMMMMare computers that is capable of performing o!er 1'' million calculations per second.
a. Cray #
b. Cray ##
c. Cray ###
d. Cray #
1&. The &
th
generation of computers started "ith the introduction of large-scale and !ery large scale
integrated circuits called MMMMMMMMMMMM
a. 0icrocontroller
b. 0icrosoft
c. 0icroprocessor
d. 0icrophone
15. MMMMMMMMMMMM and MMMMMMMMMMMM built ,pple #, the humble beginning of ,pple Computer
Corporation.
a. 2te!e 2mith and 2te!en 2pielberg
b. 2te!en =aul 9obs and 2tephen /o;nia1
c. 2te!e =erry and 2te!en Tyler
d. 3ill Gates and =aul ,llen
15. The MMMMMMMM is used as an informal unit of measure for ne"er supercomputers
a. Cray #
b. Cray ##
c. Cray ###
d. Cray #
1@. The 5
th
generation of computers is a challenge of MMMMMMMMM
a. *nited 2tates of ,merica
b. Crance
c. China
d. 9apan
16. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM is a branch of computer science "hich eDplores ho" computers can be
used for tas1s that re>uire Gthin1ingH Fust as humans do.
a. ,rtificial Thin1ing
b. ,rtificial #ntelligence
c. ,rtificial #nternali;ation
d. ,rtificial #nteraction
19. The MMMMMMMMMMMMM is an electronic tube from "hich essentially all air has been remo!ed.
a. acuum cleaner
b. acuum tube
c. Transistor
d. =icture tube
$'. /hat computer in that falls in the -lectronic .igital =eriod that did not get the credits as the 1
st

-lectronic .igital Computer.
a. 8ar!ard 0ar1 #
b. ,tanasoff-3erry Computer
c. -+#,C
d. *+#,C
#dentify the machine or person described. Choose from the list.
,3C 8ollerith(s electric tabulating
machine
,bacus
,ltair 66'' 7ady ,da ,ugusta 3yron-Aing -+#,C
,rithmometer #30 2ystem <5' #ntel &''&
Calculating cloc1 9ac>uard(s loom =.=-6
Cray # 0ar1 # 2lide rule
-.,C =ascaline *+#,C #
1. The 1
st
analog computing de!ice
a. 2cale rule c. Begular 1$H ruler
b. 2lide rule d. =ascaline
$. The 1
st
mechanical calculator
a. 7eibnit;(s calculator c. Calculating cloc1
b. Tabulating 0achine d. .ifference -ngine
<. The 1
st
automatic mechanical calculator
a. 7eibnit;(s calculator c. .ifference -ngine
b. =ascaline d. ,nalytical -ngine
&. The 1
st
mass produced calculator
a. 7eibnit;(s calculator c. .ifference -ngine
b. =ascaline d. ,rithmometer
5. The 1
st
punched card machine
a. 7eibnit;(s calculator c. .ifference -ngine
b. 9ac>uard(s loom d. ,rithmometer
5. The forerunner of the computer today has the follo"ing units as e!idenced by the ,nalytical -ngine.
a. 8ard dis1 *nit, B,0 unit, monitor unit, processing unit
b. #nput *nit, )utput *nit, 0emory *nit, =rocessing *nit
c. Casing *nit, Aeyboard *nit, Aeystro1e *nit, .atabase *nit
d. =rocessing *nit, #nput *nit, )utput *nit, 0ouse *nit
@. The ans"er in no. 5 is being controlled by "hat unitI
a. =rocessing unit
b. Control unit
c. 0emory unit
d. #nput and )utput unit
6. The 1
st
computer programmer
a. 7ady 0armalaide
b. 7ady of /ales, -li;abeth #
c. 7ady ,da ,ugusta 3yron-Aing
d. 7ady of +e" -ngland, .ianne ###
9. The 1
st
data processor
a. 8ollerith(s electric tabulating machine
b. .ifference -ngine
c. =ascaline
d. ,rithmometer
1'. The 1
st
computer programmer
a. 7ady 0armalaide
b. 7ady of /ales, -li;abeth #
c. 7ady ,da ,ugusta 3yron-Aing
d. 7ady of +e" -ngland, .ianne ###
11. The 1
st
electromechanical computer
a. #30 <5' c. 8ar!ard 0ar1 #
b. ,tanasoff- 3erry Computer d. -.,C
1$. The 1
st
automatic electronic digital computer
a. #30 <5' c. -+#,C
b. ,tanasoff- 3erry Computer d. -.,C
1<. The 1
st
fully operational electronic digital computer
a. *+#,C # c. -.,C
b. -+#,C d. ,3C
1&. The 1
st
stored program digital computer
a. *+#,C # c. -.,C
b. -+#,C d. ,3C
15. The 1
st
commercially a!ailable (for sale) electronic digital computer
a. *+#,C # c. -.,C
b. -+#,C d. ,3C
15. The 1
st
successful minicomputer
a. =.=-6 c. ,pple ##
b. #30 <5' d. Cray #
1@. The 1
st
personal computer
a. ,pple ## c. #30 =C
b. ,ltair 66' d. Cray #
16. The 1
st
general purpose microprocessor
a. #ntel 6''6 c. #ntel 6'65
b. #ntel &''& d. =entium #
19. The 1
st
computer system to use integrated circuits
a. =.=-6 c. ,pple ##
b. #30 <5' d. Cray #
$'. The 1
st
supercomputer
a. =.=-6 c. ,pple ##
b. #30 <5' d. Cray #
/ho(s /hoE
$1. Cather of modern computers
$$. #n!entor of the multiplication tables on rods
$<. #n!ented the "ea!ing machine that used punched cards
$&. .esigned and constructed the -+#,C
$5. #n!ented the tabulating machine and card sorter for census
$5. #n!ented the calculator that "as an impro!ement of the =ascaline
$@. #n!ented the 1
st
supercomputer
$6. #n!ented the 1
st
integrated circuit, #ntel &''&
$9. #n!ented the 1
st
calculator
Core !aluesE
#ntegrity
Competence
7o!e for God
Cor others
Communicati!e
Kui; on Generations of Computers
+ameE .ateE
Group +oE 2coreE
,. /hat does the acronym stands forE
1. ,3C-
$. -.,C-
<. -+#,C-
&. *+#,C-
5. #30 =C-
5. #C-
@. 72#-
3. Cill in the correct ans"er by encircling your choice of ans"er.
6. MMMMMMMMMMM is a "ord used to describe the tools, machines and implements "hich people use
to pro!ide for their needs.
a. Technician c. Technicality
b. Technology d. Technics
9. The 1
st
calculating de!ice designed by Charles 3abbage "as the MMMMMMMMMMMM.
a. ,nalytical -ngine c. =ascaline
b. .ifference -ngine d. 7eibnit;(s Calculator
1'. The -+#,C used MMMMMMMMMMM !acuum tubes to transmit electrical signals.
a. 1@,5&6 c. 1@,65&
b. 1@,&56 d. 1@,6&5
11. The MMMMMMMMMMMMMM is an electronic tube from "hich essentially all air has been remo!ed.
a. acuum tube c. Cathode ray tube
b. =icture tube d. Test tube
1$. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMis one in "hich the user has more or less continuous participation.
a. interacti!e media c. interacti!e processing
b. interacti!e outlet d. interacti!e sports
1<. ,n #C also called a MMMMMMMM is a tiny piece of silicon co!ered "ith thousands or millions of
electric circuits through "hich millions of tiny electric currents pass.
a. Tool c. program
b. 0achine d. chip
1&. MMMMMMMMMM are supercomputers that are capable of performing o!er 1'' million calculations per
second.
a. Cray ## c. ,pple #
b. Cray # d. ,pple ##
15. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM and MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM built ,pple #, the humble beginning of ,pple
Computer Corporation.
a. 2tephen 3ishop and 2te!e =erry
b. 2te!en =aul 9obs and 2tephen /o;nia1
c. 2te!e 2mith and 2tephen /olf
d. 2te!en 2pielberg and 2tephen /atts
15. The MMMMMMMMM is used as an informal unit of measure for ne"er supercomputers.
a. Cray ## c. ,pple #
b. Cray # d. ,pple ##
1@. The &
th
generation of computers started "ith the introduction of large-scale-integration and !ery-
large-scale integration circuits called MMMMMMMMMMMM.
a. 0icrocomputer c. 0icroprocessor
b. 0icrcontroller d. 0icrosoft
16. The 5
th
generation of computers is a challenge of MMMMMMMMMMMM.
a. *nited 2tates of ,merica
b. -ngland
c. 9apan
d. China
19. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM is a branch of computer science "hich eDplores ho" computers can be
used for tas1s that re>uire Gthin1ingH Fust as humans do.
a. ,rtificial intelligence c. ,rtificial computer
b. ,rtificial science d. ,rtificial calculator
$'. The era "here it started from the creation of the Tabulating 0achine of 8erman 8ollerith to
8ar!ard 0ar1 # by 8o"ard ,i1en.
a. =re-0echanical Computers
b. 0echanical Computers
c. -lectromechanical Computers
d. -lectronic .igital Computers
3. #dentify the machine or the person as described. Choose from the list belo"
,3C 8ollerith(s -lectric Tabulating
0achine
,bacus
,ltair 66'' 7ady ,da ,ugusta 3yron-Aing -+#,C
,rithmometer #30 2ystem <5' #ntel &''&
Calculating cloc1 9ac>uard(s loom =.=-6
Cray # 0ar1 # 2lide rule
-.,C =ascaline *+#,C 1
1. The 1
st
analog computing de!iceMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
$. The 1
st
mechanical calculatorMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
<. The 1
st
automatic mechanical calculatorMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
&. The 1
st
mass produced calculatorMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
5. The 1
st
punched card machineMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
5. The 1
st
data processor MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
@. The 1
st
computer programmer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
6. The 1
st
automatic electronic digital computer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
9. The 1
st
electromechanical computer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
1'. The 1
st
commercially a!ailable (for sale) electronic digital computer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
11. The 1
st
stored program digital computerMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
1$. The 1
st
general purpose microprocessor MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
1<. The 1
st
personal computer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
1&. The 1
st
successful microcomputer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
15. The 1
st
computer system to use integrated circuits MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
15. The 1
st
supercomputer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
C. /ho(s "hoI
1@. Cather of modern computersMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
16. #n!entor of the multiplication tables or rods MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
19. #n!ented the "ea!ing machine that used punched cards MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
$'. .esigned and constructed -+#,C MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
$1. #n!ented the tabulating machine and card sorter for census MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
$$. #n!ented the calculator that "as an impro!ement of the =ascaline MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
$<. #n!ented the 1
st
supercomputer MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
$&. Created the 1
st
general purpose microprocessor, #ntel &''& MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.
$5. #n!ented the 1
st
calculator MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.