REPORT ON LAB HOURS PROJECT

OF
Aysha Sabeel Leathers Ltd
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the
Masters in Business Administration Programme
Offered by Jain University during the year 2013-14

BY

MOHAMMED SHAIQ
2
nd
Semester MBA

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF.Sharath Kumar


# 319, 17
th
Cross, 25
th
Main, JP Nagar 6
th
Phase Bangalore 560 078
Phone : 080-43430400, Fax : 080-26532730
E-mail : mba@cms.ac.in, Website : www.bschool.cms.ac.in




Contents






Chapter-1 : Introduction to the study & Industry Profile

Chapter-2 : Company Profile

Chapter-3 : Organisational Design

Chapter-4 : Business Level Functions and Processes

Chapter-5 : Findings & Conclusions











Declaration


I, hereby declare that this Lab Hours / Project ( Organization study ) for
Aysha Sabeel Leathers Ltd is prepared by me during the academic
year 2013-14 under the guidance of prof. Sharath Kumar.

This project is not based on any previously submitted project for the
award of any degree or diploma offered by any university.
It is the result of my own effort.

Name : MOHAMMED SHAIQ
Sem : 2
nd

Sec : C
Reg.No : 13MBA63051


Date :2/19/2014

Place : Bangalore
Signature




Chapter 1 Introduction to the study and industry profile
INDIAN LEATHER INDUSTRY
Size of the
Industry
Indian leather industry has capacity to
produce l776 million pairs; 112 million
pairs of Shoe Uppers; Non-leather footwear
- 960 million pairs
Geographical
distribution
Tamil Nadu - Chennai, Ambur, Ranipet,
Vaniyambadi, Trichy, Dindigul ; West
Bengal - Kolkata ; Uttar Pradesh - Kanpur,
Agra & Noida ; Maharashtra - Mumbai ;
Punjab - Jallandhar ; Karnataka -
Bangalore ; Andhra Pradesh - Hyderabad ;
Haryana - Ambala, Gurgaon, Panchkula
and Karnal; Delhi
Output per annum
Has an annual turnover of approximately
US$ 5,000,000
Percentage in
world market
Indian Leather Industry currently is one
among the top 8 industries for export
revenue generation in India, holding 10%
of the global raw material, and 2% of the
global trade
Market
capitalization
India produces approx 700 million pairs of
leather footwear every year and accounts
for an 18% share of the total Indian leather
export.

History
Over the years the Indian Leather Industry has
undergone drastic change from being a mere
exporter of raw materials in the early 60's and 70's
to an exporter of finished, value-added leather
products. The main reason behind this good
transformation is the several policy initiatives taken
by the government of India. Indian proactive
government initiatives have yielded quick and
improved results. Today the Indian leather industry

has attained a prominent place in the Indian export
and has made the industry one of the top 7 industries
that earns foreign exchange for the country.

Since 1991 as India adopted the globalization and liberalized economic policies, the leather
industry has flourished consistently in several ways and has contributed heavily to the
Indian exchequer. Investing in Indian Leather Industry is advantageous because the
industry is poised to grow further and achieve a major share in the global trading market.
The post liberalization era has opened up a great plethora of opportunities for the Indian
Leather Industry. As the global players looking for new sourcing options while in addition
to China, India stands to gain a bigger share of the global market. Leading brands from
the US and Europe have plans to source leather and leather products from India.
Indian Leather Industry currently is one among the top 8 industries for export revenue
generation in India, holding 10% of the global raw material, and 2% of the global trade.
India has become biggest livestock producer in the world, with the capacity of 1.8 billion
square feet of leather production annually. Global Footwear of 13% production comprising
of 16 billion pairs are made in India. India today produces 2065 million pairs of various
categories of footwear. It exports 115 million pairs, thus having 95% of its production to
meet its own domestic demand.
Indian leather industry has the credit of being one of the oldest manufacturing industries
catering to the global market from the 19th century. The age of the industry has linked it
with social and organizational structure, and emerges as a complex one with elements of
continuity and traditional structures. The ultimate quality of the Indian leather combined
with efficient craftsmanship has secured a sturdy place for Indian leather goods in the
global market. Indian leather industry is getting more organized, with a springing capacity
for expansion.
Brief Introduction

Indian Leather Industry has developed to a large extent
and is the second largest producer next to China. The
industry is equipped mostly with a potential for
employment generation, growth and exports, with the
annual exports touching 2 billion USD. The industry
experienced a positive metamorphosis from being a
transporter of raw materials to an established exporter
of value added and finished leather products. Currently
it is on an ever increasing phase with optimum utilization
of available raw materials and maximum returns from
exports.
India has less than 3% share in the global trade in leather compared to China's 20%.
Government of India realizing the growth potential of the leather industry has been
making significant efforts to promote rapid advancement of the industry. On June 30,
2005, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) decided to implement an Rs 2.9
billion scheme for the integrated development of the Indian Leather Industry. Under the
scheme, existing tanneries will be modernized and new units will be set up for footwear,
components and leather products. This scheme is expected to result in gains in terms of
productivity, right-sizing of capacity, cost-cutting, and design-development. The leather
and leather products industry is one of the oldest manufacturing industries in India. The
Indian leather industry provides employment to about 2.5 million people in the country
and has an annual turnover of approximately US$ 5,000,000.
Indian leather Industry occupies a prominent place in the Indian economy in view of its
massive potential for employment, growth and exports. There has been an increasing
emphasis on its planned development, aimed at optimum utilisation of available raw
materials for maximising the returns, particularly from exports. The exports of leather and
leather products gained momentum during the past two decades. There has been a
phenomenal growth in exports from Rs.320 million in the year 1965-66 to Rs.69558 million
in 1996-97. Today Indian Leather Industry has attained well merited recognition in
international markets besides occupying a prominent place among the top seven foreign
exchange earners of the country.
Market capitalization
Among all the industries the footwear industry
in particular holds greater potential for
investments in India. Today India produces
approx 700 million pairs of leather footwear
every year and accounts for an 18% share of the
total Indian leather export.

Size of the industry
Indian Leather industry Today has capacity to produce l776 million pairs; 112 million
pairs of Shoe Uppers; Non-leather footwear - 960 million pairs of non-leather footwear's
which includes shoes made of rubber, moulded PVC and other material.
Total contribution to the economy/ sales
In 2009-10 with an annual turnover of over US$ 7 billion, the export of leather and leather
products increased manifold over the past decades and touched US$ 3.40, with recording a
cumulative annual growth rate of about 5.43% (5 years).
Though India is the second largest producer of footwear and leather garments in the world,
India accounts for a share of close to 3% in the global leather import trade of US$ 137
billion (2008).
Leather Production centers for leather products are located in Tamil Nadu - Chennai,
Ambur, Ranipet, Vaniyambadi, Trichy, Dindigul ; West Bengal - Kolkata ; Uttar Pradesh -
Kanpur, Agra & Noida ; Maharashtra - Mumbai ; Punjab - Jallandhar ; Karnataka -
Bangalore ; Andhra Pradesh - Hyderabad ; Haryana - Ambala, Gurgaon, Panchkula and
Karnal; Delhi


Domestic and Exports Share
Main leather exports comprise of skins and hides such as cow, sheep nappa, goat skin and
wet blue. Footwear, garments, handbags, leather gloves, purses, wallets, and briefcases are
some of the products exported. Ranipet, Ambur, and Chennai in Tamil Nadu, Mumbai in
Maharashtra, Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, Agra, Delhi, Ludhiana, Sonepat, Pune, Kolkata,
Calicut and Ernakulum are the major production centre in India.
To develop the footwear industry the Indian Government has come up with numerous
initiatives. Footwear Industry is now de-licensed and de-reserved, providing expansion of
capacities on modern lines with state-of-the-art machinery. Government has also permitted
100% Foreign Direct Investment through the automatic route for the footwear sector.
Nearly 75% of the leather products exported from India goes to EU and US.
Top leading Companies
Acme, Clarks, ColeHann, Deichmann, Nautica, Nike, Nunn Bush,Ecco, Elefanten, Hush
Puppies, Double H, Florsheim, Gabor, Hasley, Justin, Marks & Spencer, Reebok,
Salamander, Stacy Adams, Tony, Lama, Next, Bally are the prominent brands sourced
from India. Lakhani, Metro, Action Red Tape, Bata, Liberty, Khadims, are some Indian
brands that have a well established market in India. Aldo, Bally, Clarks, Ecco, Florshiem,
Ferragammo, Hush Puppies, Lee cooper, Lloyd, Marks & Spencer, Nike, Nine West, New
Balance, Reebok, Rockport, Stacy Adams are a few notable leather product brands sold in
India.
Top 10 leather exporters
Tata International Ltd.
Florind Shoes Ltd.
Punihani International
Farida Shoes Ltd.
Mirza Tanners Ltd.
T. Abdul Wahid & Company
Hindustan Lever Ltd.
Super House Leather Ltd.
RSL Industries Ltd.
Presidency Kid Leather Ltd.
Employment opportunities
The Indian Leather industry categorizes under organized sectors and produces garments,
leather merchandise besides tanning and finishing, with major manufacturing hubs in
Chennai, Kanpur and Kolkata. Indian leather industry is set to boom with bright career
opportunities in both technical and designing areas. The Indian corporates together with
foreign multinationals in this industry have made it possible to look forward to exciting
employment options. There are opportuntieis as designers, human resources and all the
finance & marketing related jobs. The industry employs 2.5 million persons presently.







Latest developments
The Indian federal government has earmarked a Rs 4.5 billion grant to be made
available to the industry to boost the country's leather industry over a span of five
years, the fund availability is conditional upon the sector's attracting an annual
investment of Rs 2.2 trillion.
In 2002, the investments in the Indian Leather Industry stood at Rs 410 million.
Footwear and their components account for about 25 %of India's total leather
products exports. These two markets also offer Indian leather industry vast scope
for exports of saddler and harness.
India is the world's second largest producer of footwear; its production estimated
over 700 million pairs per annum. At about US $ 300 million per year, footwear
accounts for 18 percent share of total exports of leather exports.
Products exported from India include dresses, shoes, casuals, moccasins, sports
shoes, horacchis, sandals, ballerinas, and booties. Major production centres are at
Chennai (Madras), Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, Mumbai (Bombay), Calcutta and
Jalandhar.
The government of India for it 200-2009 Foreign Trade Policy has identified the
leather sector as a focus sector in view of its immense potential for export growth
and generation of employment generation prospects.
India is one of the best destinations in the world for investing in the leather industry
because India is endowed with abundant raw materials required for the industry to
grow. India has a huge population of cattle. India accounts for 21% of the world's
cattle and buffalo and 11% of the world's goat and sheep population.
The Government is also making efforts to implement various Special Focus
Initiatives under the Foreign Trade Policy for the growth of leather sector. Leather
industry is aimed to augment the production, thereby to enhance export upto US$
7.03 billion by 2013-14 which shall create additional employment opportunities for
overall one million people.






PEST Analysis

Political
Ecological/environmental issues
Regulatory bodies
Government policies
Trading policies
Wars and conflicts
Government terms and changes
Home market pressure

Economic
Home economy situation
Home economy trends
Overseas economies and trends
General taxation issues
Market and trade cycles
Customer/end-user drivers
International trade/monetary issues
Interest and exchange rates
Social
Consumer attitudes and opinions
Eco friendly
Law changes affecting social factors
Consumer buying patterns
Fashion and role models
Major events and influences
Buying access and trends
Lifestyle trends
Demographics

Technological
Competing technology development
Installing modern equipment
Associated/dependent technologies
Replacement technology/solutions
Maturity of technology
Manufacturing maturity and capacity
Information and communications
Consumer buying mechanisms/technology







Porters 5 forces analysis














Bargaining power of Suppliers
A supplier comprises all sources for inputs that are needed in order to provide
goods or services.
The buyers have high profitability
Variation of cost among the competitors
Have regular or loyal customer/buyer.

Threat of new entrants
Cost advantage
Protected by license and patents
Supply channel is under existing players
Scarce of resources and labour

Threat of substitutes
Relative trends
Variation in cost
Customer relationship

Competitive rivalry within the Industry
Its hard to exit or shut down
Similar strategies among all competitors
Low market growth
Very less distributer
Contracted base with penalty clause.

Bargaining power of a Customer
The bargaining power of customers determines how much customers can impose
pressure on margins and volumes.
They buy in large volume
Customers have low margin
Price sensitive
They can produce their own raw material



Chapter 2 Company Profile

Full name
Aysha Sabeel Leathers Ltd.

Legal Address
87/1 , B-2 Valyampet , Vaniyambadi
635735


Company Logo

Aysha Sabeel Leathers has been in the service of the clients since 1987. The company works with
the mission of bringing innovative Leather Goods, making them durable and trendy at the same
time. It manufactures, exports and supplies designer collection of Leather Goods, which are changing
the trend of the market. Under the guidance of Mr. Shakeel Ahmed, the director, the team feels
motivated to bring forth innovative range with quality. He has done his MBA from Cardiff University,
UK & Post Graduation in Management Studies . He owns two huge factories in vaniyambadi . Once
the wet leather is undergone all the necessary requirements it is further taken to a another factory
which is a Dry one for further production.
He has appointed his younger brother Mr.Shabbir Ahmed to undertake the operations of
management , And the name Aysha has been named after her wife .

Status: Listed
Legal Form: Public Limited Company
Operational Status: Operational
Incorporation Date: March 13, 1987
Total Employees: 121












SWOT analysis
Strengths

Ecofriendly and natural
Ergonomical
Ethnic
Fashion appeal for youth

Weaknesses Internal

Image of low low production
Fewer raw material supply
Not very comfortable in trusting employees
Industry uses conventional manufacturer

Threats

Shrinking
Gradual move toward the of a century old cottage
High budget advertising by competitors

Opportunities External

Improving the product standardizing the end use
Enhancement of productivity with the new technology
Tap newer markets platform for wider distribution
Introduction of variety
CAD/CAM









Vision And Mission

The vision
To be the pioneer manufacturer of leather throughout the world and help in economic
development of the country through increased exports and providing employement oppurtunities
.
The mission
Aysha Sabeel Leathers works hard to satisfy consumers needs by making high quality products,
provide the highest level of customer service and continues improvement in administrative,
human and technical resources.
Values

- Commitment
- Integrity
- Passion
- Discipline
Products which are made out of the leather manufactured by the company are
Bags



Belts





Jackets






Shoes


Wallet








Car Seats cover ( Made out of cows skin )





Sofa ( Cows Skin )








\
Chapter 3 - ORGANISATIONAL DESIGN








CHAPTER 4 -
BUSINESS LEVEL FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES

The leather manufacturing process is divided into three sub-processes: preparatory stages, tanning and
crusting. All true leathers will undergo these sub-processes. A further sub-process, surface coating may
be added into the sequence. The list of operations that leathers undergo vary with the type of leather
Methodology
The study was aimed at gathering information from different sources that play role in leather
manufacturing and are affected by the after effects of the production. In order to assess the level of
technology used in leather production and waste disposal technology, tanneries located in
vaniyambadi were selected since most of the small scale and large scale tanneries are concentrated in
this area. Some odd leather units are located in vaniyambadi area. These units, which use many toxic
chemicals, are the single largest contributor to the pollution of the surface as well as groundwater of
vaniyambadi area in tamil nadu.

Preparatory stages
The preparatory stages are when the hide/skin is prepared for tanning. During the preparatory
stages many of the unwanted raw skin components are removed. Many options for pretreatment
of the skin exist. Not all of the options may be performed. Preparatory stages may include:








Soaking Under soaking, salted skins are soaked in pits and paddles to remove the salt from
the skin and to rehydrate the skin. Paddles are used to give agitation to skins and thereby to
equalise the soaking process when the skins are soaked in huge quantities

Liming In liming, unwanted hair and flesh is removed from the skin. Limestone powder is
mixed with the water in pits and paddles to loosen the hair from the skin. Unwanted hair is
removed manually using knifes without damaging the grain5

Deliming Deliming involves preparing the skin for the tanning process by removing the
liming and unhairing chemicals. It is carried out in rotating drums (wood/steel) using
. Unwanted flesh is also removed
using fleshing machines

5 Grain is the topper part of the skin, where hair is present.

It takes around 1-1.5 hours to complete the process.
Pickling, lowering of the pH value of the skin, is also done to help with the penetration of
certain tanning agent using salt and acids



Tanning Tanning is a process under which, the protein structure of skin is permanently
altered, so that it can never return to rawhide. There are two types of tanning, Mineral tanning
and Vegetable tanning. Under Mineral tanning, chromium salt is added in the rotating drums
to process the skin and the output will be light blue in colour. While under Vegetable tanning,
natural materials such as bark, wood, roots, leafs, etc. are used and the output will be light
brown in colour

Adjusting the thickness Thickness of the leather is adjusted by using shaving machines. In
case of very thick skins, splitting machine is used to split the leather into two slices, the
bottom layer called as Split can be used for making lesser value leather products. The sliced
skin again goes into the shaving machine to complete this process

Dyeing Dyeing of leather is done in rotating drums by mixing water, dyes and some special
oils (soluble fat). Special oil is mixed to lubricate and to give flexibility and softness.
Additional materials for filling the fibre structure can also be added (re-tanning). Penetration
of colour will take minimum 6 hours. There are hundreds of varieties of colours and dyeing
process that can be used to enrich the product. After dyeing, leather is dried in frames to keep
them straight.

Softening Softening is done through staking machines. The number of times required for
leather to go through the machine depends on its end use. There are exceptions to the
softening process such as Sole leathers.

Buffing Buffing is done to remove unwanted extra flesh sticking to the leather. This needs
to be done without damaging the grains and also without imparting any marks on them.

Finishing Colour penetration in dyeing process will happen only to an extent of 60-70% of
the required level. Hence Auto spray machines are used the complete the colouring process.
They are feeded with colour mixed with wax, binders etc and the same is sprayed using the
guns inside the machine while the leather is moved into the machine using the conveyors. The
whole process can be observed through glass windows in the machine. Dryers are attached to
the machine, while the conveyors take the leather into the dryer making it as a continuous
process. Finishing touches are then given to the leather with an objective to cover up the
defects in the leather and also to print design on them.
The leather can be polished using the polishing machine.
Glazing machines with special glass at the end can be used to rub on the surface of
the leather to bring out the gloss.
Press machines to print design on the leather using the design frames can also be
used.

Page 21 of 45
Press machines to print design on the leather using the design frames can also be
used.






Manufacturing process and support functions



Cutting Cutting, also known as clicking, involves trimming and shaping leather or fabric
sections for the upper, marking sections to indicate where to put stitches and working around
flaws in the raw material that may spoil the finished appearance. Clicking is carried out to cut
different components of footwear or leather goods as per the approved design or size. While
clicking, it is essential to click the right component from the right area of the leather.
Defective portion of leather should be carefully clicked so that the defective portion does not
spoil the appearance of the finished product. Lining material is also clicked in this section.
Clicking can be carried out mechanically using clicking press and also manually using
clicking knives. It is the most important process in garment manufacturing. This is a very
skilled job because leather is expensive hence waste must be kept to a minimum.
After cutting, certain additional activities may be undertaken. These include skiving (reducing
the thickness of a certain edge of leather with the help of skiving machine/skiving knife to
allow seams to be produced without the bulkiness), punching and eyeleting either by machine
or by hand tools (in the case of footwear mainly to punch holes and to fix eyelets for inserting
shoe laces and in the case of leather goods for decoration purpose) and perforating (to give
the finished article a pleasing look as well as cover certain defects).




Stitching/Closing Closing involves putting together all the different components to
complete the upper section in case of footwear and complete the product in case of garments
and other products. Closing is done by stitching by using mainly a semi-automated sewing machine, and
pasting. In few cases of specially designed articles, closing is carried out only
by pasting. Pasting is generally done with synthetic adhesives. Various edge treatments are
also done to the leather to produce a more attractive look. In the case of footwear, at this stage
the eyelets are inserted to accommodate the laces in the finished shoes. Closing is considered
to be the most complicated process in the manufacture of leather gloves and needs to be
carried out as efficiently as possible

Lasting This operation is carried out only for footwear. In this operation two-dimensional
leather is given a three dimensional shape to fit the shape of the foot and to retain this shape
for rest of life of the shoe. This stage is known as lasting because operatives mould and
shape the uppers into the finished form on a wooden or metal pattern called a 'last'. Thereafter
the soles are attached either by stitching, or with adhesive. Soles can also be directly attached
to the upper either by injection moulding or by direct moulding processes.

Finishing This is the most critical stage of production as it covers the defects that might
have occurred during the production process. In case of footwear heels are attached and the
soles and heels are trimmed to shape, the sole, heel and edges stained and the shoe is waxed
and buffed.


Supply chain

. It regards the various components of the Aysha Sabeel leather industry as stages in a supply chain, from
animal husbandry through to the production and marketing of leather and leather
products. The value of this perspective is that it provides an integrated approach to the
analysis of problems throughout the industry. It supports the generation of solutions in
specific components that will positively impact other components, and of solutions in the chain as a whole
that are most cost and resource effective.

Finance

Aysha Sabeel Leathers was formed with the help of Director s own capital and
resources , however the company borrowed funds from SBI Bank when the capital
was scarce .




Insurance
Company is tied up with national insurance. It offers dual benefits-
protection for any damages in the factory and complete peace of mind.

Production management
The leather making process is in general restricted to batch processing, but if the surface coating
sub-process is added then some continuous processing can be included. The operation flow has
to follow the preparatory tanning crusting surface coating sub-process order without
deviation, but some of the sub-processes can be omitted to make certain leathers (or partially
tanned/ untanned products).
Leadership Style
This includes the leadership style from management head and the overall operating
style of the organization. Style impacts the norms people follow and how they
work and interact with each other and with customer. Autocratic leadership style is
followed in Aysha Sabeel Leathers
Wages and salary system
The employees get adequate and equitable remuneration for the work done by
them. In Aysha Sabeel Leathers the jobs are evaluated and based on this salary to
be paid is determined. Salary is paid to the employees in the first week of the every
month and few unskilled are paid in wage.



Induction of new labor
A new labor is assigned to work under a jobber. During the first few months is
under no pressure to reach targets as other employees. His work will be monitored
by the jobber and all his activities will be under the supervision of the jobber. The
employee is given training for first 3-5 months. On- the- job training is only given
only to new employees the training given includes how to operate the machine,
how to clean the machine, how to use the raw material etc.
Employee attendance
Attendance is one of the most important tools of evaluation of an employee. Tech
The employee attendance is maintained manually in a register. Whenever the
employee enters the organization, he needs to enter the name, date, time of
entrance, signature etc in a register that is maintained at the office as well as punch
card machine is used where employees need to punch the card while coming and
going from the organization. At the end of every month the number of days
attended by the employee will be assessed and the salary is calculated accordingly.





Why there is a need for TRAINIG AND DEVOLOPMENT in any
Organization:-
Organization viability and the transformation process
The primary concern of an Organization is its viability and hence its efficiency
.There is a continuous environmental pressure for efficiency ,and if an
Organization does not response to this pressure ,it may find itself rapidly losing
whatever share of market it has .Employee ,training therefore imparts specific
skills and knowledge to employees in order that they contribute to the
Organizations efficiency ,and be able to cope with the pressures of the changing
environment .

Technological advances
There has been tremendous development in industrial technology. Mechanization
and automation of the plant is necessary for the organizations survival; hence, it
has to train its employees for more skilled positions. New skills are required to
operate new machinery, or familiarity with new processes and production
techniques has to be introduced.

Organizational Complexity
With increasing mechanization, automation and development in technology,many
organizations have emerged as complex organizations that produce a wide range
of products or offer a wide range of services. This had led to complex problems of
coordination and integration of activities. Eventually the need for training
and retraining is felt at the all levels in such organizations.

Human Relations
The growing complexity of organizations has led to various human problems, like
alienation, inter-personal and inter-group problems. Hence, training in
human relations is becoming extremely important for tackling these problems.
Due to its great relevance in the current automated, mechanized and extremely
competitive business environment, where skills are becoming obsolete faster than
ever, we have chosen to study in detail the training and development needs of
employees.



















Chapter-5 : Findings & Conclusions
1 Findings
Employees Co-operation with the staff was found to be good.
Working atmosphere of organization is very good.
The employees are getting attractive bonus, salary, wages and other
benefits.
There is high concern towards the environment, quality and safety
measures.
The employees are trained into various categories such as management
development program, adoption to modern machineries, technical skills,
safety program, etc.
There is a close interaction between management and workers

Conclusion
Aysha Sabeel Leathers is one of the manufacturers of Leather in Tamil Nadu..
As demand for Leather products are increasing; there is a vast scope for
promotion for their export from India. With this regard, vigorous promotional
measures have to be undertaken for exploring new markets and to consolidate
gains in the existing markets.




The markets that offer great potential growth are USA, European countries, Russia,
Latin American countries, Middle East countries, Japan, South Korea and Canada.

As a whole; there is a good export potential for leather products. However, its
future depends greatly on technological diversification, as well as aggressive
marketing promotions.
Recommendations
The workers should be motivated for continuous presence through
counseling.
The Manager and other staff of the company should be given training and
development to enhance their skills and update knowledge.
Training should be given keeping in view of changing trend in human
resource management and production technology.
Good incentive should be given for the workers who take minimum number
of holidays.
Company should recruit skilled labors to maintain productivity.