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SAP AG 2001
Contents:
Logical Inventory
Logical inventory overview
Logical inventory adjustments
Accounting entries
SAP AG IOG320 5-1
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SAP AG 2001
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:
Logical Inventory: nit !bjectives
"efine logical inventory
#rocess delivery adjustment
#rocess recei$t adjustment
#rocess negotiated $ayment
nderstand accounting entries
SAP AG IOG320 5-2
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SAP AG 2001
Course !verview "iagram
&'change re$orts
&'change re$orts
#urchase assignment
#urchase assignment
(ettlement
(ettlement
Logical inventory
Logical inventory
"aily business
flow
"aily business
flow
)usiness
bac*ground
)usiness
bac*ground
(ub+base
relationshi$
(ub+base
relationshi$
Conclusion
Conclusion
!ther features
!ther features
&'change
agreement setu$
&'change
agreement setu$
($lit condition
$rocessing
($lit condition
$rocessing
Course overview
Course overview
nit 0,
SAP AG IOG320 5-3
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SAP AG 2001
Logical Inventory .I/
)alance of material 0uantities
owed + owing against a borrow + loan e'change
)alance of material 0uantities
owed + owing against a borrow + loan e'change
"eliveries
1ecei$ts
When exchange balances are built up against "pure" exchanges, for financial accounting purposes, it
is usual to value the assets and liabilities associated with the goods movements, as if they were actual
inventory. The reasoning behind this is that the payable or receivable in the case of pure exchanges is
a quantity of product and not a financial amount.
The system records and tracks the value of the inventory at the prevailing inventory carrying price
when the material movement was created.
If no own inventory is carried at a location, the receivable and payable volumes can be valued at the
current value at a "reference plant".
SAP AG IOG320 5-4
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SAP AG 2001
2olumetric balance:
Exchange balance table S036
3inancial balance:
Material internal paable ! recei"able acc#$nt%
2aluation strategy:
&#gical in"ent#r "al$ati#n %eg'ent OIA0(
2olumetric balance:
Exchange balance table S036
3inancial balance:
Material internal paable ! recei"able acc#$nt%
2aluation strategy:
&#gical in"ent#r "al$ati#n %eg'ent OIA0(
Logical Inventory .II/
The logical inventory reflects the receipts and deliveries that are posted under a borrow and loan
exchange agreement.
In the system, the logical inventory is represented by
the volumetric balance, which is stored in the exchange balance table !"#$
the financial balance, stored in the material internal payable and receivable accounts
% moving average price for the exchange balance is maintained in table &I%"' and is used to derive
the gain(loss posting when logical inventory is revalued.
SAP AG IOG320 5-5
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SAP AG 2001
Logical Inventory Adjustments
"eliveries 1ecei$ts
5egotiated
$ayment:
receivable
6 6
"elivery
adjustment
5egotiated
$ayment:
$ayable
6 6
1ecei$t
adjustment
(ettlement
(ettlement
&'change Agreement 7eader
&'change Agreement 7eader
)alance )alance
1 "
The system allows you to make ad)ustments to logical inventory.
*ook deliveries and book receipts are used to ad)ust the +&,-./ of the exchange balance.
0egotiated payments record payables and(or receivables in the system. They do not affect the
exchange balance. 1or example, a negotiated payment may be used to post an additional payable
amount in order to offset an inaccurate fee rate used during the previous month.
SAP AG IOG320 5-6
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SAP AG 2001
Logical Inventory Adjustment 9 "elivery Adjustment
A3:&1
A3:&1
;
2
)&3!1&
1ecei$t
;;,000 L;,
1ecei$t
;;,000 L;,
"elivery
;0,000 L;,
"elivery
;;,000 L;,
"elivery
adjustment
;,000 L;,
The logical inventory ad)ustment transaction allows the oil company to ad)ust the logical inventory
that they have recorded against an exchange partner.
It is possible to settle the difference 2imbalance3 between delivered and received material, by means
of a payment. &pen quantities can also be moved to another exchange agreement, which results in
items in the first exchange agreement being settled before the exchange agreement can then be
concluded.
0o physical movement is involved, only a logical inventory movement.
The ,I% transaction allows the oil company to record the change of ownership of a specified
quantity of one product to the ownership of a specified quantity of another product. 0ote that it does
not necessarily have to be a different product.
When the ,I% logical inventory accounts are updated, so too is the exchange balance.
SAP AG IOG320 5-(
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SAP AG 2001
"elivery Adjustment 9 Account #osting
"ebit: L!=ICAL I52&5:!1> . ? /
Credit: &@= )ALA5CI5= ACC: . 9 /
"elivery
adjustment
=eneral ledger:
=eneral ledger:
&'change
Agreement
&'change
Agreement
(ales contract #urchase contract
%s you can see, a delivery ad)ustment does 0&T affect physical inventory.
4elivery(5eceipt ad)ustments should 0&T be used to record an actual product movement.
SAP AG IOG320 5-)
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SAP AG 2001
1ecei$t Adjustment 9 Account #osting
&'change
Agreement
&'change
Agreement
(ales contract #urchase contract
Credi: L!=ICAL I52&5:!1> . 9 /
"ebi: &@= )ALA5CI5= ACC: . ? /
1ecei$t
adjustment
=eneral ledger:
=eneral ledger:
%s you can see, a receipt ad)ustment does 0&T affect physical inventory.
4elivery(5eceipt ad)ustments should 0&T be used to record an actual product movement.
SAP AG IOG320 5-*
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SAP AG 2001
5egotiated #ayment 9 Account #osting
&'change
Agreement
&'change
Agreement
(ales contract #urchase contract
Credit: vendor
"ebit: e'g bal acct.
"ebit: customer
Credit: e'g bal acct.
#ayable 1eceivable
0egotiated payments establish entries in either accounts receivable or accounts payable.
SAP AG IOG320 5-10
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SAP AG 2001
Logical Inventory 9 &'ercise
Create delivery adjustment
Create recei$t adjustment
Create negotiated $ayment
SAP AG IOG320 5-11
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SAP AG 2001
>ou are now able to:
Logical Inventory: nit (ummary
"efine logical inventory
#rocess delivery adjustment
#rocess recei$t adjustment
#rocess negotiated $ayment
nderstand accounting entries
SAP AG IOG320 5-12
0.13Exercises
Unit: Logical Inventory
Topic: The logical inventory and adjustments
%t the conclusion of this exercise, you will be able to
-se the exchange balance report to obtain an overview of your receipts
and deliveries that are linked to the exchange agreement.
6arry out a logical inventory ad)ustment
%&I, checks the volume balance of the exchange transactions. %s %&I,
agreed with its exchange partner to ad)ust any imbalances financially at
the end of the month, %&I, uses a logical inventory ad)ustment 2,I%3 to
ad)ust the balance and post a negotiated payment, and that is done in one
step.
789 -se 5(# reporting tools to examine what happened within your exchange agreement
so far, and ad)ust the balance.
78989 What does logical inventory mean:
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7898< 4isplay the exchange balance report in order to check lifts and receipts and
the resulting exchange balance.
%pplication 03 Inventory controlling!
/valuation structure "#E$%&'L Exchange (alance!
/valuation E$)' Exchange (alance report!
/xchange no. #rom 3*1*3!
.ake a note of the exchange balance 2lift = receipts3 for the >5egular?
material
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7898# What options do you have for settling the imbalance between delivered
material and received material:
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SAP AG IOG320 5-13
7898@ 6arry out a logical inventory ad)ustment with a book delivery and a
negotiated payment.
Balance adjustments:
Type +elivery
6o6d ,-IL
/xg.0o Exchange agreement .rom 3*1*3!
Alant ,/01
*ase prod 0E)UL,0*11
Buantity Exg. (alance .rom 2*1*3!
-o. L12
Text To settle exchange (alance
/xgT '4L0
Negotiated Payments:
Type 0eceiva(le
6o6d ,-IL
/xg.0o Exchange agreement .rom 3*1*3!
%mount 2000
6urrency U5+
!ales org ,E5-
6ycle 1
Text To settle exchange (alance *
6egotiated /ayment
!ave the ,I% document and make a note of the document number.
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78987 6heck the accounting documents for the ,I% document. Which material
price did the system use for the postings:
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Where do you specify which material price the system should use:
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7898$ What is the exchange balance now:
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SAP AG IOG320 5-14
0.175olutions
Unit: Logical Inventory
Topic: The logical inventory and adjustments
78989 The logical inventory is the accumulation of all movements of an internally8
posting 2borrow8loan3 exchange.
This means that whenever you post a movement that belongs to a borrow
and loan exchange agreement, the system updates quantity and value in the
logical inventory valuation segment accordingly.
7898< To display the exchange balance report, choose
Logistics Exchanges Exchange operations Reporting
Exchange balance
%s this report uses a ,ogistics Information !ystem 2,I!3 structure, you have
to enter the following data
%pplication 03 Inventory %ontrolling!
/valuation structure "#E$%&'L Exchange (alance!
/valuation E$)' Exchange (alance report!
/xchange no. #rom 3*1*3!
The report shows the accumulated quantities for each product(plant(period
combination. The row Base prod no 2which is row CCC3 will be explained in
unit D. 1or our material, you find the balance in the column Bal (Lifts-Recs)
of the row Regular 95.
7898# To settle the imbalance, you use the logical inventory ad)ustment 2,I%3
transaction. With this transaction you can post either a
- 4elivery ad)ustment, which increases the delivered quantity in the
logical inventory, or a
- 5eceipt ad)ustment, which increases the received quantity in the logical
inventory.
With both of these options, you can also enter negative quantities to
decrease the delivered ( received quantity in the logical inventory.
SAP AG IOG320 5-15
7898@ To carry out a logical inventory ad)ustment, choose
Logistics Exchanges Exchange operations Logical inventory
adjustments Create LIA
/nter the exchange partner number 2VN!"#-$$3 and L%&-e$g ' re(uired
2this data is usually defaulted3. The document and posting date should be
todayEs date.
/nter the following data
Balance adjustments:
Type: +elivery
6o6d ,-IL
/xg0o exchange agreement .rom 3*1*3!
Alant ,/01
*ase prod 0E)UL,0*11
Buantity Exg. (alance .rom 2*1*3.
6ote: Enter a negative 8uantity!
-o. L12
Text To settle exchange (alance.
/xgT '4L0
Negotiated payments
Type 0eceiva(le
6o6d ,-IL
/xg.0o Exchange agreement .rom 3*1*3!
%mount 2000
6urrency U5+
!ales &rganiFation ,E5-
6ycle 1
Text To settle (alance.
To save the ,I% document, choose LIA ave.
78987 To review the accounting document for the ,I% document, choose
LIA !isplay.
/nter the ,I% document number from 7898@.
1rom here, you choose Acctg" doc" to display the accounting document.
The system has posted the material value to the $g mat int rec account, so
divide this value by the quantity to determine the material price that the
system took for the ,I%.
In 6ustomiFing, you can specify which material price the system should
take, under the following path
Industry olution #il $ %as &!o'nstream( E)% &Exchanges(
*aintain company code control
&n the following screen, you find the current price determination logic for
your company code ,-IL on the field LP%. If you place the cursor on this
field and choose 1@, you see a list of user exits containing different kind of
price determination logic, to which you may add your own logic if you
want.
SAP AG IOG320 5-16
7898$ /xecute the exchange balance report again 2see 7898<3. The balance has
been decreased by the volume which you have entered in 7898@, so if you
have entered the old balance 2lifts = receipts3, the balance should now be
Fero.
SAP AG IOG320 5-1(