AUTOMOTIVE

AUTOMOTIVE
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
(MFGE 425)
(MFGE 425)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Serhat ERPOLAT
ATILIM UNIVERSTY
2007-Fall
1885 - Daimler&Benz produced first internal combustion engine
A Brief history of automobiles
A Brief history of automobiles
1891 - French Levassor made the first Saloon
1898 - Renault introduced the first driveshaft instead of belt or chain
1908 - Henry Ford started mass production
1914 - All-steel body
1912 - Cadillac invented electric motor starter
1940 - GM introduced automatic transmission
1959 First production front-wheel-drive car
1892 Rudolph Diesel invented the first diesel engine.
Ford Quadracycle - 1896
Power plant (IC Engine, Exhaust sytem,
Cooling and heating system, Fuel system, Starter motor etc.)
Drivetrain (Gearbox, Clutch, Shaft, Differential, etc.)
Electrical system (Ignition system, Battery, etc.)
Wheels and tires
Suspension system
Brakes
Steering system
BASIC SYSTEMS
BASIC SYSTEMS
Power Plant
Power Plant
IC ENGINE
IC ENGINE
-
-
Basics
Basics
Petrol engine
Diesel engine
POWER PLANT
POWER PLANT
V-line
Flat Inline
Rotary Engine
RX-7
RX-8
IC ENGINE
IC ENGINE

Rotary (Wankel) engine

Rotary (Wankel) engine
IC ENGINE
IC ENGINE

Rotary engine basics

Rotary engine basics
Fig. Performance characteristics
IC ENGINE Performance Characteristics IC ENGINE Performance Characteristics
Fig. IC engine performance characteristics of a BMW M3 CLS
EX.
Increase displacement
Increase the compression ratio
Use turbochargers
Use superchargers
Cool the incoming air
Let air come in more easily
Let exhaust exit more easily
Make everything lighter
To produce more power from IC engine: To produce more power from IC engine:
Alfas 2.0 L TS Engine
Twincharger (VW Golf 1.4 TSI GT)
EX.
Fig. Performance characteristics
for a turbocharged diesel engine
Drivetrain
Drivetrain
DRIVETRAIN
DRIVETRAIN
The main components of drivetrain:
Engine-Clutch-Transmission-Driveshaft-Differential-Wheels
Different drive configurations: Different drive configurations:
Front engine rear wheel drive
Different drive configurations: Different drive configurations:
Front engine front wheel drive
(engine & transmission cross mounted)
Different drive configurations: Different drive configurations:
Front engine front wheel drive
(engine in front of transmission)
Front engine front wheel drive
(engine behind transmission)
Different drive configurations: Different drive configurations:
Rear engine rear wheel drive
Four wheel drive
How a manual gearbox works How a manual gearbox works
Check out the animation
Clutch engaged
Clutch disengaged
How a manual gearbox works How a manual gearbox works
Pressure plate
Clutch plate
Direct gearbox (in direct gear)
Different Different gearbox configurations gearbox configurations: :
Direct gearbox (in indirect gear)
Different Different gearbox configurations gearbox configurations: :
Indirect gearbox
Different Different gearbox configurations gearbox configurations: :
Pulley Pulley- -based continuous variable transmission (CVT): based continuous variable transmission (CVT):
Nissan Xtronic
Toroidal Toroidal continuous variable transmission (CVT): continuous variable transmission (CVT):
Nissan Xtroidal
Basic Performance
Basic Performance
Calculations
Calculations
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-
1
1
e
w
d t t
T
T
r
i i
F

=
If the resistances to motion are neglected, a motor vehicle can
achieve its max. possible in the 1
st
gear at a speed corresponding
to max. engine torque.
Relation between tractive effort and engine torque: Relation between tractive effort and engine torque:
Clutch ~ 0.99
Gearbox ~ 0.98 Direct gear
0.95 Other gears
Joints ~ 0.99
Differential ~ 0.95
Bearings ~ 0.95
Individual efficiencies of various elements in the power train: Individual efficiencies of various elements in the power train:
Designation for automobile tires: Designation for automobile tires: