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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents related studies and professional literature read by
the researcher that has relevance to the present study. The related studies were
obtained from books, journals, unpublished materials and internet that provided
a background for better understanding of the problem investigated.
A library is an organization whose mission is to provide information to its
user. The library staffs are the human resources, who provide information services
using library resources. How well services are provided depends on how well the
human resources are motivated and developed. Motivation is crucial to the
development of human resources in the library in the following ways: 1)
Maslows hierarchy of needs is apparent in library employment. Acquiring a job
and looking for job security help satisfy physiological and safety needs. When
those needs satisfied, employees look to their need for belonging and self-
esteem. The need for self-esteem and self-actualization are represented in
library human resources development efforts that focus on training, creativity,
problem-solving, and so-on; 2) The maintenance and motivational factors of
Herzbergs two-factor theory play important roles in the development of human
resources in the library. Herzbergs believe that motivators must be build into the
job. These include responsibility, autonomy, respect and recognition from
superiors, a sense of well being and the opportunity to have ones ideas
adopted; 3) Equity theory indicates likewise has a place in the library. Workers
compare their pay, work schedules, benefits, or any reward with what is being
received by other employees. Unless the reward system is carefully
administered, it could result in problems of perceived or actual inequity; 4)
Expectancy theory can be used in the development of human resources in
libraries. The logic of expectancy theory is that individuals exert effort for a
performance that results in preferred rewards. Expectancy can be influenced by
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selecting individuals with particular skills and abilities, providing training, and
providing support to achieve a particular level of performance.
(www.uidaho.edu)
Libraries are mainly entrusted with a host of predetermined tasks like
acquiring, organizing, preserving, retrieving and disseminating information to the
users. Right from ancient times to the present Internet era, the primary objective
of library has always been this. However, the way this purpose has been
achieved has drastically changed.
According to Cebrero (2004), information technology has influence the
very nature of business and management libraries. They are undergoing
significant changes today not only in outlook but also in function, services
methods and techniques for collection development, processing, and
dissemination of information. The conventional set up of brick and mortal
libraries that store information within a constrained physical space have given
way to data centers that integrate data sources around the globe by way of
networking. Libraries have not yet explored their full potential to the full. With the
advancement in technology and its application to libraries, business and
management libraries are becoming lean agile libraries that streamline
information supply. The pervasive nature of the internet, coupled with platform
independent database connectivity is turning library portals more and more
effective. (www.gao.gov)
Library management, as might be expected, shows no identifiable
characteristics that would serve to set it apart from other organizational
management. Trends, theories, and techniques introduced in management
literature have slowly found their way into libraries.
A paper on management techniques for librarians by Alejandro A. Reyes,
presents overviews of some techniques applicable in the academic library.
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There are many other tools, such as those for personnel selection and training,
budgeting, and systems analysis, which may find utility in the operation of a
library. The ultimate objectives of these techniques are geared toward the
better utilization of limited resources, which is almost always the situation in
Philippine Libraries.