Latin Modern fonts

at eleventh hour

Brno, 26 November, 2005

Bogusław Jackowski
aaa
aaa
aaa Latin Modern fonts: what are they?
aaa A collection of fonts (currently 69)
aaa in the POSTSCRIPT Type 1 and OTF formats,
aaa based on the Computer Modern fonts, equipped
with a rich repertoire of diacritical characters
ccc
eee Availability— CTAN, for example:
eee ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archives/fonts/lm
eee
eee
eee
current version: 0.99.3
number of glyphs: 46 849 (ca 680 per font)
ggg licence:
maintainers:
openware, LPPL-based
B. Jackowski and J. M. Nowacki, GUST
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 á
áaa
aaa
aaa Latin Modern fonts: what are they for?
aaa The Latin Modern project, launched by
aaa local TEX users groups in Spring 2002,
aaa aimed at the collection of multilingual Latin-based
ccc
fonts that could be used as a default font family
in the realm of TEX.
eee Moreover, being distributed in both
eee POSTSCRIPT Type 1 and OTF formats,
eee the Latin Modern fonts can be used in any system
eee that supports these formats.

eee
ggg
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳa

ẳ
aaa Why Latin Modern fonts?
aaa
Other possibilities:
aaa
aaa • Computer Modern fonts (D. E. Knuth, 1982)
ccc obsolete because of the lack of diacritical characters
eee • EC fonts (J. Knappen and N. Schwartz, 1997)
eee obsolete because of the lack of outline fonts
eee • CM -Super family (V. Volovich, 2002)
eee very large and difficult to maintain
eee
ggg
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
aaa The Latin Modern distribution
aaa

â
• POSTSCRIPT Type 1 fonts, produced by
aaa METATYPE1 (METAPOST engine plus
aaa
a bunch of AWK scripts)
• OpenType fonts, prepared using Adobe Font
ccc Development Kit for OpenType (implemented
eee features: liga, onum, cpsp, dlig, frac)
eee • Support for TEX (∗.tfm files)
eee • Support for dvips and pdf TEX (∗.map and ∗.enc files)
eee • Support for LATEX (∗.fd and ∗.sty files)

eee
• Substitutions (partial, of course) for CM, PL, CS, VN;
the idea: to use the original TFM files with the relevant
ggg Latin Modern PFB files and dvips requisites
yy y • METATYPE1 sources
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ầ
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ The Latin Modern distribution:
the collection of fonts
ầaa
aaa • Fonts occurring both in LMs and CMs (50)
lmb10 lmbx5 lmbx6 lmbx7 lmbx8 lmbx9 lmbx10 lmbx12 lmbxi10 lmbxo10
aaa lmcsc10 lmr5 lmr6 lmr7 lmr8 lmr9 lmr10 lmr12 lmr17
ccc lmri7 lmri8 lmri9 lmri10 lmri12 lmro8 lmro9 lmro10 lmro12
lmss8 lmss9 lmss10 lmss12 lmss17 lmsso8 lmsso9 lmsso10 lmsso12 lmsso17
eee lmssbx10 lmssdc10 lmssq8 lmssqo8
eee lmtcsc10 lmtt8 lmtt9 lmtt10 lmtt12 lmtti10 lmtto10 lmvtt10

eee
• Fonts present in LMs and absent from CMs (19)
lmbo10 lmcsco10 lmro17 lmssbo10 lmssdo10 lmssqbx8 lmssqbo8
eee lmtcso10 lmtk10 lmtko10 lmtl10 lmtlo10 lmtlc10 lmtlco10
lmvtk10 lmvtko10 lmvtl10 lmvtlo10 lmvtto10
eee • Fonts absent from LMs and present in CMs
ggg math companion (!)
yy y cmdunh10 cmff10 cmfi10 cmfib8 cminch cmtex8 cmtex9 cmtex10 cmu10
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ

à
ảẩấ Latin Modern distribution:
dark and light typewriter fonts
ầàa
aaa • lmtl10 (light): abcdefABCDEF012345
aaa • lmtt10 (normal): abcdefABCDEF012345
ccc • lmtk10 (dark): abcdefABCDEF012345
eee • lmtlc10 (light condensed): abcdefABCDEF012345
eee • lmvtl10 (light): abcdefABCDEF012345
eee • lmvtt10 (normal): abcdefABCDEF012345
eee • lmvtk10 (dark): abcdefABCDEF012345
eee • plus all oblique variants
ggg
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ The Latin Modern distribution:
encodings
ầàȁ

ȁ
aaa The LM package provides TEX font metric files for:
aaa • EC (Cork) encoding (ec-∗.tfm)
ccc • EL (European Letters aka dense) encoding, el-∗.tfm
eee (originally introduced by the ConTEXt fraternity)
eee • QX (GUST) encoding, qx-∗.tfm
eee • Y&Y’s TEX’n’ANSI aka LY1 encoding, texnansi-∗.tfm
eee • T5 (Vietnamese) encoding, t5-∗.tfm
eee • Text Companion for EC fonts aka TS1, ts1-∗.tfm
ggg
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ä
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ The Latin Modern distribution:
the collection of glyphs
ầàȁ
äaa AaÁáĂăẮắẶặẰằẲẳẴẵÂâẤấẬậẦ
aaa ầẨẩẪẫ´´ ȀȁÄäẠạÆæǼǽÀàẢả
ccc 1Āā&5〈〉Ąą:;ÅåǺǻ↓←→↑^~*∗
eee @ÃãBb\N|PQR{}[]W˘˘Z[\]¦•C
eee cĆćˇˇČčÇçĈĉĊċ¸¢¢℃uˆxyz{:
eee ₡,€©¤ƒ„…Dd†‡Š‹Œ‖Ďď Đđ°∆—
eee ˜¨¨÷Ÿ đ$$₫¥˙§ıª EeÉéĔĕĚěÊ
eee êẾếỆệỀềỂểỄễȄȅËëĖėẸẹÈèẺẻ88
ggg 88…Ēē—–ŊŋĘęÙÚ=℮ÐðẼẽ€!¡Ff
yy y fk ff ffi ffl fi 5 5 5 5 fl ƒ 4 4 4 4 ⁄ ⁄ G g Ǵ ǵ Γ Ğ ğ
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ą
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ The Latin Modern distribution:
the collection of glyphs
ầàȁ
äąa ǦǧĢĜĝĢģĠġ ß>``>«»‹›H
aaa hĦħĤĥ˝ ˝--$ %& IiÍíĬĭÎî ȈȉÏïİỊị
ccc ÌìỈỉIJijĪī ĮįABĨĩ JjGHĴĵKkĶķĶķLlĹ
eee ĺΛĽľ ĻļĻļĿŀ^<₤¬bc ŁłMm¯¯l
eee m−µ×♪NnŃńv ŇňŅņŅņ9999ƒ
eee Ññ#OoÓóŎŏÔôỐốỘộỒồỔổỖỗȌ
eee ȍÖöỌọŒœ˛Òò¦ỎỏƠơỚớỢợỜờỞ
eee ởỠỡŐőŌōΩ1111½¼¹ǪǫÄÅ◦ªºØ
ggg øǾǿÕõPp¶¶().·%‰ÚÜÝΦΠ+±
yy y ΨãQq?¿èé"„„„„““”””‘’‚‚''RrŔŕ
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ

;
ằẳâ
ảẩấ The Latin Modern distribution:
the collection of glyphs
ầàȁ
äą; √ ŘřŖŗŖŗȐȑṘṙ※®®˚SsŚś
aaa ŠšŞşŜŝȘș§; !7777­ Σ6666/£
ccc 0TtŤťŢţŢţΘÞþ3333¾³D EF G
eee H˜KL™N2222²UuÚúŬŭÛûȔȕÜ
eee üỤụÙùỦủƯưỨứỰựỪừỬửỮữŰ
eee űŪū_ŲųΥŮůŨũVv‚†‡WwẂ
eee ẃŴŵẄẅẀẁ₩XxΞYyÝýŶŷŸ
eee ÿỴỵ¥ỲỳỶỷỸỹZzŹźŽžŻż0000
ggg
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ā
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Who is to be blamed for the plentitude
of diacritical characters?
ầàȁ
äą; Six hundred years ago people tried to avoid them:

āaa
ccc
eee
eee Ztyechto kuSow myey nauczenye kterak maS zyw
byty aſwey duSy proſpyety /
eee Prwy kuS zlaty / ktoz da geden halerz
eee Z těchto kusóv měj naučenie, kterak máš živ
eee býti a svej duši prospěti.
Prvý kus zlatý: Ktož dá jeden haléř. . .
ggg Jan Hus (1371–1415), Devět zlatých kusů
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ

ã
ảẩấ Who is to be blamed for the plentitude
of diacritical characters?
ầàȁ
äą; Mistr Jan Hus
āãa
ccc Orthographia Bohemica
eee
eee
eee
eee Alois Vojtěch Šembera, Mistra Jana Husi
eee ortografie česká. Vydál Alois Vojtěch Šembera.
ggg Ve Vidni 1857, s. 48 (v Archı́vu hl. m. Prahy?)

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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ What can be found in the Internet
about haček?
ầàȁ

å
äą; • It was introduced by Jan Hus (probably)
āãå • HACEK can be acute to your heart. . .
ccc The acronym HACEK refers to a grouping
eee of gram-negative bacilli:
Haemophilus species,
eee Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,
eee Cardiobacterium hominis,
eee Eikenella corrodens,
eee Kingella species.
These organisms are responsible for acute
ggg heart diseases.
yy y
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ What can be found in the Internet
about haček?
ầàȁ

a
äą; • It was introduced by Jan Hus (probably)
āãa • HACEK can be acute to your heart. . .
ccc • Which, in a way, agrees with D. E. Knuth’s
eee anticipation:

eee Type design can be hazardous [. . .] Once you get

hooked, you will develop intense feelings about
eee letterforms; the medium will intrude
eee on the messages that you read. And you will
eee perpetually be thinking of improvements
to the fonts that you see everywhere, especially
ggg those of your own design.
yy y Isn’t it a heart disease?
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ć
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ How the Latin Modern family was created?
ầàȁ METATYPE1 METATYPE1
äą; source source

āãå
(and report)

ćcc METAPOST

eee METAPOST
eee Gawk output
eee T1Utils (tfm, eps, aux)

eee Gawk
eee
T1Utils

ggg PostScript PostScript

yy y Type 1 font Type 1 font

yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ

č
ảẩấ The structure of a Latin Modern source:
a driver file (lmr10)
ầàȁ
äą;
āãå 1.
2.
% LATIN MODERN font: a driver file for lmr10
input fontbase;
ćčc 3.
4.
vardef cm_pal = "cmr10" enddef;
input comm_mac; % common defs, CM params
eee 5.
6.
input comm_mph;
input lmr10.mpm;
% common header
% metric data
eee 7.
8.
input lmr10.mph;
beginfont
% PS-oriented header

eee 9.
10.
input lmr10.mpg;
input comm_mpg;
% ‘‘frozen’’ glyphs
% common glyphs (mainly diacritics)
eee 11.
12.
if known generating: % optimize proofing time
input lmr10.mpl; % ligatures and kerns
eee 13. fi
endfont
ggg
14.
15. %%%% EOF

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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ

ç
ằẳâ
ảẩấ The structure of a Latin Modern source:
a boring excerpt from the file comm_mpg.mp
ầàȁ (“common glyphs”)
äą;
āãå
. . .
%% \vb\- Aacute:\- \PICT{Aacute}\-

ćčç acc_glyph(_A)(_Acute)(_Aacute);

eee
%% \vb\- aacute:\- \PICT{aacute}\-
acc_glyph(_a)(_acute)(_aacute);

eee %% \vb\- Abreve:\- \PICT{Abreve}\-

acc_glyph(_A)(_Breve)(_Abreve);
eee %% \vb\- abreve:\- \PICT{abreve}\-

eee
acc_glyph(_a)(_breve)(_abreve);
%% \vb\- Abreveacute:\- \PICT{Abreveacute}\-
eee acc_glyph(_A)(_breveacute)(_Abreveacute);

ggg %% \vb\- abreveacute:\- \PICT{abreveacute}\-

acc_glyph(_a)(_breveacute)(_abreveacute);

yy y . . .

yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 é
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ A few examples of less boring

ďģBľ
accented characters
ầàȁ
äą;
āãå
ćčç
éee

Ľťỵ
eee
eee
eee
eee
ggg
yy y
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ

ĕ
ảẩấ A few examples of less boring
accented characters
ầàȁ
äą;
āãå
ćčç
éĕe
eee
eee
ďģBľĽ
eee
eee
ggg
yy y
yy y
ťỵ
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ A few examples of less boring
accented characters
ầàȁ

ďģBľĽ
ě
äą;
āãå
ćčç
éĕě
eee

ťỵ
eee
eee
eee
ggg
yy y
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ê
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ A few examples of less boring
accented characters
ầàȁ
äą;
āãå
ćčç
éĕě
êee
eee
ďģBľĽ
eee
eee
ggg
yy y
yy y
ťỵ
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Compatibility issues
ầàȁ

ề
• A subset of CM’s font metric files can be safely
äą; used with LM’s PFB files; known exceptions:
āãå ◦ lack of math (will be fixed soon)
ćčç ◦ a macro \hbar produces slightly worse result
éĕě (green – CM, gray – LM, blue – LM glyph):

êếề

h̄h̄ ħ
eee
eee
eee
ggg
yy y
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ể
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Compatibility issues
ầàȁ • A subset of CM’s font metric files can be safely
äą; used with LM’s PFB files; known exceptions:
āãå ◦ lack of math (will be fixed soon)
ćčç ◦ a macro \hbar produces slightly worse result
éĕě ◦ there are some discrepancies between CS and LM
êếề
Type 1 (PFB) fonts, reported by Karel Pı́ška;
for example, the widths of guillemots differ,
ểee most significantly in 5-point fonts:
eee csr5.pfb: 5000/9 = 555.556; lmr5.pfb: 750
eee but in csr10.pfb i and lmr10.pfb the respective
ggg widths are consistent:
yy y csr10.pfb: 5000/9 = 555.556
lmr10.pfb: 5000/9 = 555.556
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ể
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Compatibility issues
ầàȁ • A subset of CM’s font metric files can be safely
äą; used with LM’s PFB files; known exceptions:
āãå ◦ lack of math (will be fixed soon)
ćčç ◦ a macro \hbar produces slightly worse result
éĕě ◦ there are some discrepancies between CS and LM
êếề
Type 1 (PFB) fonts, reported by Karel Pı́ška:

ểee
eee csr5.pfb: « H» « »
eee lmr5.pfb: «H» « »
ggg
yy y
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ể
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Compatibility issues
ầàȁ • A subset of CM’s font metric files can be safely
äą; used with LM’s PFB files
āãå • In general, however, full compatibility
ćčç cannot be even dreamt of

éĕě ◦ the sets of fonts differ

êếề
◦ the exact dimensions of glyphs cannot be retained
(the infamous limit of 16 heights, 16 depths
ểee and 64 italic corrections)
eee ◦ in the LM fonts some apparent flaws
eee of the CM fonts have been corrected
(both concerning metric data
ggg and character shapes)
yy y
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ể
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Compatibility issues
ầàȁ
äą;
āãå
ćčç
éĕě
êếề
ểee
eee
eee
ggg So, why not to follow the Senior Typographer, Hermann Zapf,
yy y who quite recently decided to improve his Optima?

yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ể
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Compatibility issues
ầàȁ What can we do to make the LM fonts
äą; usable for the Czech TEX community?
āãå • We have already equipped LMs in
ćčç Czech double quotes
éĕě • Accents (haček) have been modified
êếề • CS encoding(s), i.e., the relevant ∗.tfm files,
ểee
can be easily added to the LM distribution
• We are open to further suggestions
eee
eee
ggg
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ

ễ
Compatibility issues:
ảẩấ an example of strange kernings
that have been corrected
ầàȁ The file roman.mf reads:
äą; % three degrees of kerning:
āãå k#:=-.5u#; kk#:=-1.5u#; kkk#:=-2u#;
ćčç
ligtable "k":
if serifs: "v": "a" kern -u#, fi
éĕě
"w": "e" kern k#, "a" kern k#,
"o" kern k#, "c" kern k#;
êếề The kern pair k-a appears in TFMs of serif fonts
ểễe twice: first with the value −u#, next with
eee the value k#, i.e., −0.5u#; moreover, there
eee
are no v-a, v-c, v-e, and v-o kern pairs in sansserif
fonts, although there are k-c, k-a, k-e, k-o, w-a,
ggg w-c, w-e, and w-o kern pairs in these fonts.
yy y The problem of missing v-* kerns in sansserif variants
occurs in EC, CS, PL, VN, and CM -Super fonts!
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ë
áăắ
ằẳâ Compatibility issues:
ảẩấ a few example glyphs (mostly accents)
that we decided to touch
ầàȁ
äą;

´`¨˝¯ˆˇ˙
āãå
ćčç

´`¨˝¯ˆˇ˙
éĕě
êếề

´`¨}¯^ˇ_
ểễȅ
ëee
eee
ggg
yy y
yy y solid green – CM, outline black –

Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ

ẹ
ằẳâ Compatibility issues:
ảẩấ an example feature
that we are not going to touch
ầàȁ In the LM typewriter fonts, the letters ‘v’, ‘y’, ‘x’ were
äą; reported to be “too thin”; the comparison with the
āãå original fonts shows, that this was D. E. Knuth’s design:
ćčç
éĕě
êếề
ểễȅ
ëėẹ
eee
ggg
yy y Font ∗vtt10: CM’s bitmap; CM’s outlines; LM’s outlines
yy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Plans for the future
ầàȁ

ẽ
• We are not going to equip the Latin Modern
äą; fonts with non-Latin alphabets, such as
āãå cyrillic, Greek, etc.
ćčç • We are not going to increase the number
éĕě of so called optical sizes —can you see
any difference?
êếề
ểễȅ
ëėẹ
ęÚẽ
ggg
yy y
yy y
eee
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Plans for the future
ầàȁ

ẽ
• We are not going to equip the Latin Modern
äą; fonts with non-Latin alphabets, such as
āãå cyrillic, Greek, etc.
ćčç • We are not going to increase the number
éĕě of so called optical sizes —can you see
any difference?
êếề
ểễȅ
ëėẹ
ęÚẽ
ggg
yy y
yy y
eee
cmr8 at 9pt

Brno, 26 November, 2005

cmr9 at 9pt cmr10 at 9pt

Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour

áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Plans for the future
ầàȁ

ẽ
• We are not going to equip the Latin Modern
äą; fonts with non-Latin alphabets, such as
āãå cyrillic, Greek, etc.
ćčç • We are not going to increase the number
éĕě of so called optical sizes

êếề • In general, we are not going to go too far with

the “improvement” of the original D. E. Knuth’s
ểễȅ design—we will consider the changing of only
ëėẹ those features which would have hampered
ęÚẽ the extending of the Latin Modern family
with new diacritical characters
ggg
yy y
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Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ỷ
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ Plans for the future: to do
ầàȁ • Fixing bugs and misfeatures—as soon as possible
äą; • Reaching the basic stability of the metric data
āãå of the package—before the release of the version 1.00
ćčç
(scheduled for Spring 2006, BachoTEX)
• Adding a basic math companion (borrowed
éĕě from CMs, to begin with)—timing as above
êếề • The improvement of kerning (reluctantly), glyph
ểễȅ shapes (redrawing all accents from scratch?),
and hinting; improving OTFs by, e.g., the addition
ëėẹ of new features—not in a hurry
ęÚẽ • Further extensions to the character set (e.g., African
ǧĝģ languages)—after the release of the version 1.0
ýŷ ÿ • More math, small caps—far future?..

ỷy y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
 ỹ
áăắ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ
ầàȁ Should you have remarks concerning
äą; the current LM release, please consult
āãå Harald Harders’s www page
ćčç Wishes for Latin Modern :

éĕě
êếề
http://www.harald-harders.de/latex/lmodern.html

ểễȅ
ëėẹ
ęÚẽ
ǧĝģ
ýŷ ÿ At the moment the page is unmaintained;
nevertheless, a lot of information can be found there.
ỷỹ y
Brno, 26 November, 2005 Bogusław Jackowski Latin Modern fonts at eleventh hour
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ỵ
ằẳâ
ảẩấ
ầàȁ
äą;
āãå
ćčç
éĕě
êếề
ểễȅ
ëėẹ The Latin Modern project is supported by TEX Users
Groups, in particular, by the German-speaking
ęÚẽ TEX Users Group DANTE e.V., the Polish TEX Users
Group GUST, the French-speaking TEX Users Group
ǧĝģ GUTenberg, the Dutch-speaking TEX Users Group NTG
ýŷ ÿ and—last but not least—TUG.

ỷỹ ỵ