SECOND DIVISION

NELIA A. ZIGA,
Complainant,
A.M. No. MTJ-99-1203
June 10, 2003

-versus-
JUDGE RAMON A. AREJOLA,
Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ, J.:!"n#o$%e&'(#)u"%%"*%($#"#+
This is a complaint filed by Nelia A. Ziga against Judge Ramon A. Arejola of
the Municipal Trial Court (MTC! "aet! Camarines Norte! for appearing as
counsel in a land registration case #ithout permission from the $upreme
Court and as%ing for attorney&s fees for his legal ser'ices. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
Nelia Arejola(Ziga and Judge Ramon Arejola are t#o of the heirs of )abiana
Arejola. *y 'irtue of inheritance! they and eight others became o#ners in fee
simple of a +,!--. s/. m. land in Calauag! Naga City o#ned by )abiana. 0n
January 12! +,,3! #hile respondent #as employed as an attorney in the
4ublic Attorney&s 0ffice (4A0 of Naga City! he filed in behalf of his co(heirs!
an application for registration of title of the lot! doc%eted as 5and
Registration Case No. ,3(+.1. 6+7
8n its decision dated 0ctober 13! +,,-! the Regional Trial Court! *ranch 12!
Naga City! granted the petition and ordered the imperfect title of the heirs to
the property confirmed and registered in the name of the heirs of )abiana
Arejola! flee from liens and encumbrances of any %ind #hatsoe'er. 617
$ubse/uently! a substantial portion of the lot! or +9!:,. s/. m.! has been
agreed to be sold in fa'or of the City of Naga! as e'idenced by a "eed of
Conditional $ale. 627 The remaining portion of +!99; s/. m. is subject of a
dispute bet#een the heirs of )abiana Arejola and Josefina <da. "e $egarra.
6.7
0n June ,! +,,9! respondent #as appointed judge of the MTC of "aet!
Camarines Norte. =e too% his oath on August +! +,,9.crala#
"espite his appointment! respondent Judge continued to appear in the land
registration case. 0n 0ctober 2+! +,,9! he #as re/uested by the court
hearing the land registration case to submit his #ritten authority from the
$upreme Court to appear as counsel in the said case. 637 This order #as
reiterated on June +3! +,,:. 6-7
0n April -! +,,:! respondent Judge #rote the City Mayor of Naga City!
insisting (+ that the amounts due under the contract of sale of the property
of the heirs of )abiana Arejola should be paid by indi'idual chec%s dra#n out
in e/ual proportionate amounts in fa'or of each heir! and (1 that his claim
for contingent attorney&s fees and agent&s fees be segregated and paid to
him in an amount e/ui'alent to 2;> of the gross selling price before any
payment is made to the heirs. =e further added that unless his demands are
met! no contract for the absolute sale of the property #ould be finali?ed. 697
chanrobles 'irtual la# library
8n the present complaint! Nelia Arejola Ziga alleges that respondent should
be disciplined for appearing before a court as counsel #ithout securing the
permission of the $upreme Court and for as%ing contingent attorney&s fees
and agent&s commission amounting to 2;> of the gross selling price of the
property subject of the land registration case.crala#
8n his Comment dated August 1.! +,,:! respondent argues@ =e does not
need to as% permission from the 4ublic Attorney&s 0ffice (4A0 or from the
$upreme Court since he has e'ery right to appear before the lo#er court as
co(heir. According to him! he has been appearing in the land registration
case as representati'e of the heirs of )abiana Arejola and not as counsel.
Respondent eAplained that being one of the heirs of the late )abiana Arejola!
he is a party(litigant and therefore a party(in(interest in the land registration
case. =e filed the application for the confirmation of land title in his o#n
behalf and in representation of his co(heirs. =ence! he had e'ery right to
appear and prosecute the case. The permission of the 4A0 #as not re/uired.
Respondent further eAplains that since he alone acti'ely participated in the
case! he has e'ery right to demand contribution from the other heirs #ho
benefited from his #or%! to be ta%en from the proceeds of the sale of the
property. =e belie'es that this case #as filed to harass him because of the
misspelled name of the complainant in the RTC decision on the registration
of land title. 6:7 =e further claims that complainant is sho#n to ha'e a
disturbed mind and to be suffering from manic depression. 6,7
4ursuant to the Court&s Resolution on June 2;! +,,,! the complainant and
respondent manifested their #illingness to submit the case for resolution
based on the pleadings. 6+;7
0n 0ctober 1! 1;;;! the Court referred the case to the BAecuti'e Judge of
the Regional Trial Court of "aet! Camarines Norte! for in'estigation! report
and recommendation.crala#
0n August +2! 1;;+! BAecuti'e Judge Jose C. "y submitted his report
recommending that respondent be #arned for using intemperate and un%ind
language to#ards complainant. Anent the alleged unauthori?ed practice of
la#! BAecuti'e Judge "y opines that the same is #ithout any basis. =e finds
that since the complainant did not /uestion the act before the "epartment of
Justice #here 4A0 is a line agency! and considering that the RTC trying the
case did not insist on the inhibition of respondent! the actions of the latter in
appearing on his o#n behalf and that of his co(heirs in the land registration
case is not malicious. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
After the in'estigation report of BAecuti'e Judge "y #as noted! the Court! in
a Resolution dated May 1,! 1;;1! referred the case to the 0ffice of the Court
Administrator for e'aluation! report and recommendation.crala#
8n its Memorandum dated August 1;! 1;;1! the 0ffice of the Court
Administrator (0CA disagreed #ith the findings of the BAecuti'e Judge and
recommended that respondent judge be found guilty of 'iolating the Code of
Judicial Conduct and accordingly be suspended for a period of three months
#ithout pay.crala#
The report of 0CA reads@
De do not agree #ith the findings and recommendation of the in'estigating
judge. 8t must be pointed out that Judge "y arri'ed at his findings and
recommendation on the basis only of the records at hand. =e did not
conduct any in'estigation but merely e'aluated the pleadings and e'idence
submitted by the parties.
$ection 23! Rule +2: of the Re'ised Rules of Court categorically pro'ides
that@ ENo judge or other official or employee of the superior courts or of the
0ffice of the $olicitor Ceneral! shall engage in pri'ate practice as a member
of the bar or gi'e professional ad'ice to clients.E )urther! Canon 3! Rule 3.;9
of the Code of Judicial Conduct states that@ EA judge shall not engage in the
pri'ate practice of la#.E
Contrary to the findings of the in'estigating judge! the facts of this case
clearly sho# that respondent Judge Arejola 'iolated the foregoing rules
prohibiting judges from engaging in pri'ate la# practice. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
Records disclose that respondent #as appointed to the Judiciary on , June
+,,9. =e assumed office on + August +,,9. Fet! he still submitted! on ,
June +,,:! a Motion for Reconsideration dated 3 June +,,: of an 0rder of
the court in subject land registration case. Again! on 1: July +,,:! Judge
Arejola filed a EManifestationE dated 1. July +,,: in the aforesaid case.
)urther! he appeared as counsel in the hearing conducted on +1 August
+,,:. All this he did #ithout the re/uired permit from the $upreme Court
and despite ha'ing been re/uired! in at least t#o (1 occasions! by then
Judge Brnesto A. Miguel! RTC! *r. 12! Naga City! before #hom the case #as
pending! to secure the necessary permission to appear as counsel.
No less than respondent himself admitted in his comment that he indeed
appeared as counsel in the land registration case but sought to justify his act
by alleging that he did so to protect his rights as one of the heirs to the
disputed land. =e #ent as far as saying that as such! he need not re/uest
permission from the $upreme Court and that it #as incorrect for Judge
Miguel to re/uire him to secure a permit to appear as counsel.
Time and again! the Court has imposed sanctions on judges #ho engage in
the practice of la# #ithout first securing a permit therefor. 8n the case of
Judge Arejola! his offense is aggra'ated by the fact that he stubbornly
continued to appear as counsel in the land registration case despite ha'ing
been t#ice re/uired by the court to first apply for permission to do so.
Gnder $ec. 11! Rule H8< of the Ci'il $er'ice Rules and Regulations! the
offense of engaging in the pri'ate practice of a ci'il ser'ant&s profession
#ithout the necessary authori?ation is punishable by suspension for siA (-
months to one (+ year! for the first offense.
Also! under $ec. 2! Rule +.; of the Rules of Court! 'iolations of the Code of
Judicial Conduct are serious offenses #hich! under $ec. +; of the said Rule!
are punishable by! among others! suspension for three (2 to siA (- months
#ithout salary and benefits.
4RBM8$B$ C0N$8"BRB"! the undersigned most respectfully recommends
that Judge Ramon A. Arejola! MTC! "aet! Camarines Norte! be )0GN"
CG85TF of 'iolating the Code of Judicial Conduct and accordingly
$G$4BN"B" for a period of three (2 months #ithout pay. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
The findings and recommendations of the 0ffice of the Court Administrator
are on the main #ell ta%en eAcept for the recommended penalty.
)irst. As the 0CA correctly obser'ed! no hearing #as conducted by the
BAecuti'e Judge #hen the instant case #as referred to him for in'estigation!
report and recommendation. =o#e'er! #e find that the re/uirements of due
process ha'e been met. "ue process does not mean or re/uire a hearing!
but simply an opportunity or right to be heard. A trial(type hearing is not
al#ays de rigueur in administrati'e proceedings. 6++7 0ne may be heard not
solely through oral presentation but also! and perhaps many times more
creditably and practicable than oral arguments! through pleadings! 6+17 for
as long as the element of fairness is not ignored. 6+27 8n this case!
respondent #as afforded ample opportunity to be heard.crala#
*ased on the records of this case! he filed his comment to the complaint
filed against him and he filed a manifestation stating that he is #illing to
submit the instant case for resolution on the basis of the pleadings filed. 8n
his comment! he justified his claim for payment from his co(heirs for his
fruitful #or%. That #hat he #as as%ing is attorney&s fees can be clearly
gleaned from the Notice of Attorney&s 5ien! 6+.7 dated March 2+! +,,9! #hich
he filed before the court hearing the land registration case! #herein he
admitted to being Ethe attorney of the applicants and their la#ful
representati'e.E 6+37 Although the notice #as filed before he #as appointed
municipal trial judge! he continued his practice of la# after his appointment
#ithout prior permission from this Court. 8n his letter! dated April -! +,,:!
respondent Judge insisted on his claim for Eattorney&s fees.E 6+-7
Also! respondent failed to refute the documents submitted by complainant
stating that he signed as counsel for the heirs. 6+97 Against these
documentary e'idence! the defense of respondent! that he merely
participated in the land registration case as a party(litigant and a co(heir!
fails.crala#
$econd. The term Epractice of la#E is not limited to the conduct of cases in
court or participation in court proceedings but also includes preparation of
pleadings or papers in anticipation of a litigation! gi'ing ad'ice to clients or
persons needing the same! 6+:7 the preparation of legal instruments and
contracts by #hich legal rights are secured! and the preparation of papers
incident to actions and special proceedings. 6+,7
*ased on the records of the instant case! the practice of la# eAercised by the
respondent from the time he #as appointed MTC Judge on June ,! +,,9 and
too% his oath on August +! +,,9 can be enumerated thus@
+. 0ctober 1+! +,,9 ( Respondent signed an ans#er to the petition for
relief from judgment filed by Josefina "e $egarra. 61;7
1. 0ctober 2+! +,,9 ( Respondent appeared for the applicants in the
land registration case. =e #as ordered by RTC Judge Brnesto Miguel to file
his #ritten authority from the $upreme Court to appear as counsel in the
said case. 61+7 chanrobles 'irtual la# library
2. April -! +,,: ( Respondent #rote a letter to Naga City Mayor Jesse
Robredo! as%ing for the issuance of indi'idual chec%s to the heirs of )abiana
Arejola! and insisting on his claim for attorney&s fees. 6117
..June 3! +,,: ( Respondent filed a motion to reconsider the order of the
RTC directing the suspension of the registration of the certificate of title in
'ie# of the filing by an oppositor of a petition for relief from judgment. 6127
3.June +3! +,,: Respondent appeared in the land registration case! filing
the motion for reconsideration. 61.7
-. July +! +,,: Respondent re/uested permission from the $upreme
Court! through the Court Administrator! to appear as counsel in the 5and
Registration Case No. ,3(+.1 in connection #ith the 4etition for Relief from
judgment filed by an oppositor in said case. 6137
9. August +1! +,,: ( Respondent appeared in the land registration
case hearing on the petition for relief from judgment and on his motion for
reconsideration. 61-7
:. January 13! +,,, Respondent #rote Naga City Mayor $ulpicio Roco!
re/uesting that he be paid partial ad'ance payment of the balance on the
sale of the lot. =e also admitted in his letter that he is the counsel of the
heirs of )abiana Arejola in the "eed of Conditional $ale and the 4etition for
Relief from Judgment filed by Josefina $egarra. 6197
,. )ebruary :! +,,, Respondent signed as authori?ed representati'e
and as counsel of the heirs of )abiana Arejola in a partial compromise
agreement #ith the oppositor! Josefina Cedo <da. "e $egarra! and the City
of Naga. 61:7
+;. May 1;! +,,, Respondent appeared in the land registration case!
agreeing to submit pre(trial brief in support of the motion to treat the
petition for relief from judgment as an ordinary action for recon'eyance. =e
#as ordered by the court! through RTC Judge Cora?on Tordilla! to submit his
permit to appear as counsel in the case. 61,7
++. July 19! +,,, ( =e signed a pre(trial brief for the heirs of )abiana
Arejola. 62;7
+1.0ctober +,! +,,, ( RTC Judge Cora?on Tordilla ordered respondent
dis/ualified from appearing in the land registration case in 'ie# of the
latter&s failure to submit to the court a permit to appear as counsel. All
pleadings submitted by him #ere not acted upon by the said court by reason
of such dis/ualification. 62+7
=is rationali?ation that he represented the heirs as a co(heir and not as
counsel is hair(splitting. The respondent&s act of #riting pleadings and
defending the rights of his co(heirs amounts to pri'ate practice of la#. The
tenor of the letters and pleadings! ta%en #ith his acts of appearing!
representing and defending the rights of the heirs o'er the property! sho#
that respondent! as representati'e of the heirs! #as defending the latter&s
rights o'er the disputed property! and these constituted pri'ate practice of
la#.
8t should be clarified that prohibited Epri'ate practiceE of a profession is
more than an isolated court appearance! for it consists in fre/uent or
customary action! a succession of acts of the same nature habitually or
customarily holding one&s self to the public as a la#yer. 6217 8t is e'ident that
the instances #hen respondent appeared and represented his co(heirs are
not isolated! thus! constituting the Epri'ate practiceE of the la# profession as
contemplated by la#. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
Gnder Rule +2:! $ection 23 of the Re'ised Rules of Court! judges are
prohibited from engaging in the pri'ate practice of la# or gi'ing professional
ad'ice to clients. This is reiterated in Canon 3 of the Code of Judicial Conduct
#hich enjoins members of the bench to regulate their eAtra(judicial acti'ities
to minimi?e the ris% of conflict #ith their judicial duties. Rule 3.;9 of the
Code in particular states@
A judge shall not engage in the pri'ate practice of la#. Gnless prohibited by
the Constitution or la#! a judge may engage in the practice of any other
profession pro'ided that such practice #ill not conflict or tend to conflict #ith
judicial functions. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
These pro'isions are based on public policy for there is no /uestion that the
rights! duties! pri'ileges and functions of the office of an attorney(at(la# are
inherently incompatible #ith the high official functions! duties! po#ers!
discretion and pri'ileges of a judge. 8t also aims to ensure that judges gi'e
their full time and attention to their judicial duties! pre'ent them from
eAtending special fa'ors to their o#n pri'ate interests and assure the public
of their impartiality in the performance of their functions. These objecti'es
are dictated by a sense of moral decency and desire to promote the public
interest. 6227
Third. Respondent failed to obtain a #ritten permission to appear as counsel
in the land registration case from the head of the "epartment! #hich is this
Court! as re/uired by Rule H<888! $ection +1 of the Re'ised Ci'il $er'ice
Rules! 62.7 thus@
$ec. +1. No officer or employee shall engage directly in any pri'ate business!
'ocation! or profession or be connected #ith any commercial! credit!
agricultural! or industrial underta%ing #ithout a #ritten permission from the
head of the "epartment@ 4ro'ided! That this prohibition #ill be absolute in
the case of those officers and employees #hose duties and responsibilities
re/uire that their entire time be at the disposal of the Co'ernmentI
4ro'ided! further! That if an employee is granted permission to engage in
outside acti'ities! time so de'oted outside of office hours should be fiAed by
the agency to the end that it #ill not impair in any #ay the efficiency of the
officer or employee@ And pro'ided! finally! that no permission is necessary in
the case of in'estments! made by an officer or employee! #hich do not
in'ol'e real or apparent conflict bet#een his pri'ate interests and public
duties! or in any #ay influence him in the discharge of his duties! and he
shall not ta%e part in the management of the enterprise or become an officer
of the board of directors. (Bmphasis ours
As a Ci'il $er'ice employee! he cannot engage in pri'ate practice #ithout
the #ritten permission from this Court. The public eApects him to de'ote full
time to his judicial #or%. As a general rule! the appointment or election of an
attorney to a go'ernment office dis/ualifies him from engaging in the pri'ate
practice of la#. The reason for the dis/ualification is that a public office is a
public trust! and a public officer or employee is obliged not only to perform
his duties #ith the highest degree of responsibility! integrity! loyalty! and
efficiency but also #ith eAclusi'e fidelity. The dis/ualification is intended to
preser'e the public trust in a public office! a'oid conflict of interests or a
possibility thereof! assure the people of impartiality in the performance of
public functions and thereby promote the public #elfare. 6237 chanrobles 'irtual la#
library
Also! $ection 9 of the Code of Conduct and Bthical $tandards for 4ublic
0fficials and Bmployees 6R.A. No. -9+27 prohibits a public officer from
underta%ing certain business transactions or doing certain acts #hich may
compromise his position as a public official. This pro'ision applies to judges.
The said section reads in part@
$ec. 9. 4rohibited Acts and Transactions. ( 8n addition to acts and omissions
of public officials and employees no# prescribed in the Constitution and
eAisting la#s! the follo#ing shall constitute prohibited acts and transactions
of any public official and employee and are hereby declared to be unla#ful.
(a A A A
(b 0utside employment and other acti'ities related thereto. ( 4ublic
officials and employees during their incumbency shall not@
A A A
(1 Bngage in the pri'ate practice of their profession unless authori?ed by
the Constitution or by la#! 4ro'ided! that such practice #ill not conflict or
tend to conflict #ith their official functionsI A A A
There is no dispute that #hen respondent agreed to file the complaint in
behalf of the heirs of )abiana Arejola! he #as not yet a member of the
judiciary. =e #as a la#yer of the 4ublic Attorney&s 0ffice (4A0 in Naga City.
=e claimed that he #as authori?ed to engage in practice in behalf of his
relati'es but presented no documentary authority. The Court ta%es judicial
notice of 4A0 Memorandum Circular No. +! $eries of +,,:! amending $ec. 3!
Art. 88 of the Memorandum Circular No. 3! $eries of +,,9. 8t states thus@
$ec. 3(A. 0ther 4ersons Jualified for Assistance. (8mmediate members of
the family and relati'es #ithin the .th ci'il degree of consanguinity or
affinity of 4A0 la#yers may a'ail of his ser'ices regardless of /ualification
under the indigency test! #ith the appro'al of the Regional "irector! if the
case is #ithin his region or the Chief 4ublic Attorney! if the case is outside of
his region and pro'ided further that the la#yer files a lea'e of absence on
the day of the hearing. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
=ence! #hile 4A0 la#yers may represent their family and relati'es! they are
re/uired to get the appro'al of either the Regional "irector or the Chief
4ublic Attorney. =o#e'er! considering that respondent filed the application
for registration of title in behalf of his co(heirs in +,,3 before he #as
appointed to the *ench! said circular does not apply to him. "espite this!
respondent is not eAculpated from liability.
Dhile respondent insists that he performed the alleged acts of pri'ate
practice before he joined the judiciary! he failed to mention that e'en after
he assumed office as a municipal judge on August +! +,,9! he continued to
act as counsel for the heirs.crala#
Respondent #as t#ice re/uired by the RTC judge presiding o'er the land
registration case 62-7 to submit his #ritten authority from the $upreme Court
to appear as counsel! to #hich he did not comply.crala#
0n July +! +,,:! respondent re/uested the Court Administrator for authority
to appear as counsel of his co(heirs! in 5RC Case No. ,3(+.1. 6297 0n July
+3! +,,:! he #as re/uired by then Court Administrator Alfredo *enipayo to
furnish the Court #ith copy of the pleadings he filed! and to state the date of
filing of each! the stage of the proceedings and the bac%ground of the case.
62:7 Gnfortunately! ho#e'er! he did not comply.crala#
The fact that respondent made a re/uest for authority to appear as counsel
in the said case is an admission not only that he #as appearing as counsel
but also that he #as a#are that he needed the permission of this Court to do
so. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
The Court al#ays emphasi?es the importance of the role played by judges in
the judicial system! thus@
The integrity of the Judiciary rests not only upon the fact that it is able to
administer justice but also upon the perception and confidence of the
community that the people #ho run the system ha'e done justice. At times!
the strict manner by #hich #e apply the la# may! in fact! do justice but may
not necessarily create confidence among the people that justice! indeed! is
ser'ed. =ence! in order to create such confidence! the people #ho run the
judiciary! particularly judges and justices! must not only be proficient in both
the substanti'e and procedural aspects of the la#! but more importantly!
they must possess the highest integrity! probity! and un/uestionable moral
uprightness! both in their public and pri'ate li'es. 0nly then can the people
be reassured that the #heels of justice in this country run #ith fairness and
e/uity! thus creating confidence in the judicial system. 62,7
Gnder $ection , (2 of the amended Rule +.; of the Rules of Court #hich
too% effect on 0ctober +! 1;;+! an unauthori?ed practice of la# of a judge
constitutes a less serious charge. Gnder $ection ++! if a judge is guilty of a
less serious charge! he may be imposed either (a suspension from office
#ithout salary and other benefits for not less than one (+ nor more than
three (2 months! or (b a fine of more than 4+;!;;;.;; but not eAceeding
41;!;;;.;;. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
The 0CA recommended that respondent should be suspended for a period of
2 months #ithout pay. Considering that Rule +.; as amended too% effect
only in 1;;+ and this is respondent&s first offense! 6.;7 in lieu of suspension!
#e find the imposition of fine amounting to 4+;!;;;.;;! just and
reasonable.crala#
D=BRB)0RB! the Court finds Judge Ramon A. Arejola of the Municipal Trial
Court! "aet! Camarines Norte 58A*5B for illegal practice of la#! in 'iolation
of the Code of Judicial Conduct! the Re'ised Rules of Court! the Re'ised Ci'il
$er'ice Rules! and Code of Conduct and Bthical $tandards for 4ublic 0fficials
and Bmployees. =e is ordered to pay a )8NB in the amount of Ten Thousand
4esos (4+;!;;;.;; and DARNB" that a repetition of the same or similar
acts or omissions #ill be dealt #ith more se'erely.crala#
$0 0R"BRB".crala#
,e%%o&(%%o, J., (Chairman), -u(&u.$(n/, "n0 C"%%e1o, S#., JJ., onu#.

2222222222222222222222222222
En0no)e&:
[1] Entitled, "Application for Registration of Title of Lot 1883, Cad. 29, !aga Cadastre, "eirs of #a$iana Are%ola,
represented $& Att&. Ra'on A. Are%ola, Applicants." (etition, pp. 1)*+ Rollo, pp. 11*)119.
[2] RTC ,ecision, p. *+ Rollo, p. 12-. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[3] Rollo, p. 12*. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[-] (artial Co'pro'ise Agree'ent .it/ 0otion, p. 1+ Rollo, p. 1-1.
[*] Rollo, p. 1. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[1] Rollo, p. 9.
[2] Rollo, pp. 1)2. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[8] !elia 3iga .as spelled "Lilia" 3iga.
[9] Rollo, pp. 19)22. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[1] 0anifestation filed $& co'plainant on A4g4st 1, 1999 5Rollo, p. 2136+ 0anifestation filed $& respondent on
A4g4st 11, 1999 5Rollo, p. 2216.
[11] 7ee Ric/ards 8s. Aso&, 1*2 7CRA -*,-9519826. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[12] 7ee (aat 8s. Co4rt of Appeals, 211 7CRA 112, 128)129 519926.
[13] Ada'son 9 Ada'son, :nc. 8s. A'ores, 1*2 7CRA 232, 2* 519826.
[1-] Rollo, pp. 93)9-. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[1*] Rollo,p.93.
[11] Rollo, pp. 1)2. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[12] Letter to 0a&or 74lpicio Roco, dated ;an4ar& 2*, 1999 5Rollo, p. 1-86+ (artial Co'pro'ise Agree'ent, dated
#e$r4ar& 8, 1999 5Rollo, pp. 1-1)1-26.
[18] Car4al 8s. <r4sola, 312 7CRA *-, 1* 519996, citing ,ia)Anon4e8o 8s. <ercacio, 18 7CRA 81 5192*6.
chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[19] =lep 8s. Legal clinic, :nc., 223 7CRA 328, 392 519936+ (/ilippine La.&ers Association 8s. Agra8a, 1* (/il.
123, 121)122 519*96.
[2] Rollo, pp. 221)228.
[21] Rollo, p. 1.
[22] Rollo, pp. 1)2.
[23] Rollo, pp. 1*)11.
[2-] Rollo, p. 9.
[2*] Rollo, p. *2.
[21] Rollo, pp. 81)92.
[22] Rollo, p. 1-8.
[28] Rollo, pp. 1-1)1-2.
[29] Rollo, p. 21-.
[3] Rollo, pp. 21*)211.
[31] Rollo, p. 2*2. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[32] >ffice of t/e Co4rt Ad'inistrator 8s. Ladaga, 3* 7CRA 321, 331 5216, citing (eople 8s. ?illan4e8a, 121
(/il. 89- 5191*6.
[33] T4@on 8s. (4r4gganan, A. 0. !o. RT;)1)1112, !o8e'$er 21, 21, citing Car4al 8s. <r4sola, 312 7CRA *-
519996+ Ta$ao 8s. Asis, 2*2 7CRA *81 519916+ >'ico 0ining and :nd4strial Corp. 8s. ?alle%os, 13 7CRA 28*
5192*6. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[3-] 7ee >ffice of t/e Co4rt Ad'inistrator 8s. Ladaga, 3* 7CRA 321, 332 5216+ A$eto 8s. Aarcesa, 2*1 7CRA
*39, *-1 5199*6.
[3*] Agpalo, R4$en E., LEAAL A!, ;=,:C:AL ET":C7, 7e8ent/ Ed., 22, p. *88. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[31] <& ;4dge Ernesto 0ig4el on >cto$er 31, 1992 5Rollo, p. 16+ <& ;4dge Cora@on Tordilla on 0a& 2, 1999
5Rollo, p. 21-6.
[32] Rollo, p. *2. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[38] Rollo, p. *8. chanrobles 'irtual la# library
[39] 7adiB 8s. Casar, 211 7CRA 1, 1-)1* 519926, citing Talens),a$on 8s. Arceo, 2*9 7CRA 3*- 519916. chanrobles
'irtual la# library
[-] T/e case filed against /i' in A.0. !o. :(:)99)122)0T; for gross 'iscond4ct and dis/onest& .as dis'issed on
>cto$er 2-, 21.