4Anterior Pituitary

GH (Growth hormone)
- Promotes growth of all body tissue
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
- Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
- Stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol; cortisol helps to maintain B/P and blood glucose
Hypopituitarism (Pituitary insufficiency)
- Deficiency in 1 or > hormones listed above leads to loss of function in the gland or organ that it controls
- !or e"ample# no $S% leads to loss of function in the thyroid gland
Hyperpituitarism (Gigantism or Acromegaly)
- Severe disfigurement# serious complicating conditions# and premature death if unchec&ed ' hard to diagnose in the
early stages
Posterior Pituitary
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone !asopressin)
- Promotes reabsorption of water in the &idney tubules; Stimulates smooth muscle tissue of blood vessels to constrict
Deficiency of ADH (Dia"etes #nsipidus)
- (ater metabolism problem d/t ) *D% synthesis or inability of the &idneys to respond to the *D%
- +a ,hemoconcentration-
$%cess of ADH (Syndrome of #nappropriate Antidiuretic hormone (S#ADH)
- $he body develops an e"cess of water and a decrease in sodium ,salt- concentration# as a result of improper
chemical signals
- .f there is too much *D% in the body# or if the &idneys overreact to the *D% they receive# the body retains
e"cess water and the serum sodium concentration becomes diluted and falls to abnormal levels
- ) +a ,hemodilution-
Adrenal &edulla (regulated by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus)
$pinephrine ' (orepinephrine
- / B/P ' %0; $hese two hormones are secreted in response to stimulation by sympathetic nerve# particularly during
stressful situations * lac& of hormones from the adrenal medulla produces no significant effects
Adrenal Corte% (regulated by negative feedback involving the hypothalamus)
Chemically, all the cortical hormones are steroids.
&ineralocorticoids (outermost region)
- $he principal mineralocorticoid is aldosterone# which acts to conserve sodium ions and water in the body
Glucocorticoids (middle region)
- $he principal glucocorticoid is cortisol# which increases blood glucose levels
Gonadocorticoids (se% hormones)
- Secreted by the innermost region
- +ote1 $he adrenal gland may oversecrete 1 or all adrenal hormones
Hyposecretion of adrenal corte% hormones
(Adrenocortical insufficiency ) Adrenal crisis ) Addisonian crisis or Adrenal #nsufficiency)
- ) *ldosterone ' cortisol
- ) 2lucose ,) gluconeogenesis ' ) liver ' muscle glycogen
- ) 2!0 ' gastric acid ,urea nitrogen e"cretion- 3 anore"ia ' weight loss
- 4"cessive reabsorption of potassium 3 / 5 ,hyper&alemia- ' e"cretion of +a )
ACTH(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
- stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol; During steroid therapy# the hypothalamus# pituitary# '
adrenal gland are suppressed- so if stopped suddenly the client will develop s/s of adrenal insufficiency '
return of normal adrenal function can ta&e up to 6 months
Hypersecretion of adrenal corte% hormones
(Hypercortisolism ) Cushing*s disease or Cushing*s syndrome ) Hyperaldosteronism (mineralocorticoid)
or $%cessi+e Androgen)
- / 7ortisol 3 ) 8ymphocytes
- / 2lucose
- / +a ' ) 7a ' 5 ,*ldosterone / reabsorption of +a ' e"cretion of )5 ,%yperaldosterism ,.ncreased secretion of
aldosterone 3 mineralocorticoid e"cess - 7onn9s syndrome-