Datasets and MapBuilding PDF

2013
The
Egyptian
Geological
Survey and
Mineral
resources
Association

G: Kareem Amen
DATASETS AND
MAPBUILDING
In this tutorial you will learn the steps required to develop a polygon
spatialdataset, using the tools of building a Digital geological map and
Other features like Creating a Thematic map and Surface Grid map.
September 2013 DATASETS AND MAPBUILDING

The Egyptian Geological Survey and Mineral resources Association 1

ncome
Discover
Training

1. Restification

Open your Rastar Image ... Rastify it.
or From Discover>> Images menue .

E


2. Data Entry and Digtization

Make Several tables according to the
information of the map...
File >> New table add to current mapper
Create New >> Create .
1. Hamata_geology...
Insert 3 columns > RockCode
..Description.. Age.
2. Hamata_structure.
Insert one column called lineType refers to
the Structure like Faults, Anticlines ..etc.

3. Mineral_table.
insert one column refers to Major
Minerals.



Before Digitizing, Decide whats to be
digitized first. And make the rectangle
boundary of the map.

Make the layer of the certain table which you will work
on it Editable .. for Example Hamata_Structure
layertable. And the Icon Move Duplicate nodes in
different layers
1. Use the Map Making>Styles Library


function when digitizing the linework toapply the appropriate
attribute to the linework. This function is applicable forlines,
points and polygons.
Discover >> Replaced Utilities >> Style Library.
select the style you want for your Digitized points Fault,
Normal Fault .. Dyke ..etc

Note
Note that when you change to another table, you need to reset the Table
And Column choices in the dialog box.



2. Digitize the first Normal faults then select all of them
and from the Map Styles Box apply > Normal fault ..
you will find them in the table of the Structure Layer.

3. Select The Structure Layer and make it editable then
Digitize the Structure features by Polyline or
Polygon
And From Map Style add the Rock Code .. Description
..and The Age .


Select the Polyline of the Editable Layer and Select
Edit >> Reshape to remove the extra nodes .

4. Building A colour Table..

Before colouring the geological units (the polygons), a colour table must
be
created. This table will hold the geological codes for each polygon, the
colour definition for each unit and a description, if required.

Discover => Colour Map Menu
Colour Map => Setup => Create empty Colour
Table => Save as Finalcol.tab



Mapinfo Menu Bar => Edit => New Raw
Ctrl+E
File => Save Table Ctrl+S
In the Browser => Map Code Column => Enter
The geological unit codes and their
Description. => Ctrl+S.

Colour Map => Edit Colour table =>
highlight the Code and colour it for each
one => Ok.


5. Attributing and Colouring the map

select one or more polygons that has the same geological
code
Discover => Replaced utilites => Styles Library =>
Colour Table => Colour Code.



You should also use the Styles Library to apply styles and attributes to
linework such as faults and fold axes.

6. Line Annotation
Make the Structure layer Editable .
Discover => Map window => Select by
graphycal styles => Get the
selected object style.



Discover => Map Making => Line annotation.



Line annotation => Annotation Type => Normal
Fault => Save annotation table => New table =>
Finalann.tab



7. Labelling

select the editable layer and the item you wanna label it .
Discover => MapMaking =>Label Creator

Lable creator => Table Hamata_Structure
Column => Line Type
Table Hamata_Structure_Label => Generate.


8. Mineralization :

Select the Editable Mineral Layer and distribute the Minerals
according their occurance on the map by Symbol icon
Drawing .
After distributing several different of Minerals with
different symbols, choose a certian mineral => Select by
Style
=> Discover => Replaced utilites => Styles library
=> Add a name and Code for the Mineral and choose a shape for it . ex:
Gold .. Au ..

Repeate this step for the rest of Minerals ..



9. Creating a Legend ...

Map => Create legend => Geology, Structure,
Minerals.
Hamata_geology Expression
Code+Chr$(13)+Rock+Chr$(13)+Description+Chr$(13)+
Age



From Discover => Map Making => Legend

10. Scaled Output:



Choose File>Page Setup. Choose A4 Landscape.
Choose Discover>Scaled Output.

When you are satisfied with the frame position, select
the Scaled Output>Accept Map Position menu option

The titleblock dialog box opens next. Enter the
following details ..




11. Add Scaled Frame to Layout
Make the Geology Legend map window active and
select the Discover>Map Making>Add Scaled Frame to
Layout menu item.


12. Creating a Location Map

Choose File => Open Table. open the table Egypt in a
New Map Window.


Draw a red rectangle to represent the location of our map
within Egypt.
Select Discover=> Oject Editing=> Key-In-Shapes .
Choose to draw onto the Cosmetic Layer. Click on
Rectangle as object type, click on the polygon icon and
choose a Red
colour.

Choose Map>Save Cosmetic Objects to a new tabl
Location Area.



13. Adding the Location Map to the
Layout Window

The Location Map Window should be active. Select
Discover=> Map Making =>Add Scaled Frame to Layout.

14. Exit Scaled Output and Plot Map


Choose Scaled Output>Exit. A dialog box appears allowing
you to save the map grid, titleblock and a workspace. If you
want to plot more copies of your map later, you should check
the three boxes and enter appropriate table names to save the
titleblock and map grid. If you dont, you may need to go
through the scaled output process to create the map again.With
the finally scaled map displayed you can the print the map by
choosing File>Print. An example map with titleblock, legend
and location map is shown below. You can nominate to use the
Print to File option if you do not have the correct printer
connected, or if you need to print multiple copies of this map at
a later date.



Create a Thematic Map :

To do this, open the menu: 'Map' (1) -> 'Create Thematic
Map ...' (2).

In the next window, choose 'Type' as 'Ranges' (1)
and 'Template Name' as 'Region Ranges, Default'
(2). Click 'Next' (3).




To access Show/Hide Theme Legend Window:
Choose Options > Show/Hide Theme Legend
Create a new thematic map, choose 'Type' as
'Ranges' (1), but in 'Template Name' select 'Point


Ranges, Sizes varying' (2). Click the Next button
(3).

The Result



Creating a Grid and profile Surface :

With A Legend ..



Surface Grid

Discover can produce a gridded surface from any
mapped data, which has anumeric column
representing a z-value or grid channel. Examples of
this type ofdata include topographic spot heights, soil
geochemical sample results orgeophysical data such
as ground magnetic, or gravity data. Discover can
also gridline and polygon data providing there is an
associated numeric z-value. Thereforeit is possible


to create a grid directly from data such as contour
lines without havingto pre-process the data first and
convert the line information into points.

A surface grid is a rectangular array of points, each
of which has an interpolated Zor height value. The Z
value in a grid may represent either real heights
(such astopographic elevation, depth to weathering
or coal seam thickness) or mayrepresent a
geochemical, geophysical or other value (such as
gold concentration,radiometric total count or rainfall.
The surface grid is generated from a set of input
points each of which have a location and a Z value
for that location.
Theres a way in which a grid can be displayed as
contours. Contours aregenerated from the output
grid by tracing lines of equal Z value across the
grid.The contour lines do not provide as much
information as a grid, but do offer another
visualisation method. This is useful for displaying
contours of one grid overa second grid (for example,
soil geochemistry contours over a magnetics grid).
Configuring Grid File Formats
Discover> Surfaces> Configuration> Grid Handlers.



Once a grid format has been selected, all grids
created from this point use thespecified format .

1. Open the date file Spot_Hights
2. Check the Elevations values range by selecting Query
> Calculate Statistics.


3. Choose Surfaces>Create Grid>Interactive.
Select the <SPOT_HEIGHTS> table to be gridded
and click OK.

4. On the Input tab of the Interactive Gridding
dialog, select <Elevation> from the list of available
fields to grid. Located above the grid preview are six
buttons and a pull-down list. These buttons control
the display properties of the grid in the preview
window. Ensure the Histogram equalisation
button is selected and <PSEUDOCO> from the drop
down list.

5. Right-mouse click in the preview window to display
the pop-up menu:



>>Data Conditioning
option enables you to condition or annotate the data
usedto grid. The input grid data can be clipped to
specified extents, null values can beexcluded from the
gridding process or converted to background values
andminimum and maximum capping values can also be
set.
6. On the Method tab, set the Estimation technique
to Triangulation. Triangulation uses the Delaunay
triangulation method which creates triangles between
all data points. Grid cell values are assigned based on
the coplanar values of the triangle, where each grid
cell is located. This gridding method is best suited to
datasets which need to honour the original data input
points as accurately as possible: e.g. elevation data.
Other types of datasets such as geochemical data
can be gridded using different interpolation methods
such as Minimum Curvature or Inverse Distance
Weighting. The Grid Geometry tab specifies the
grid cell size which may be altered manually if
required. The extents of the data to be gridded can
also be altered under the Data Coverage options.



7. On the Output tab save the grid in a <Geosoft
format (.grd)> called <TOPO_GRID.TAB>. Click the
Save button and Discover will save the grid and
open it up into a new map window or the map
window containing the SPOT HEIGHTS data.

Statistics button displays the input data statistics, as a histogram
distribution
and in graphical format. The Statistics Explorer can display the input grid data
using univariate, bivariate, spatial and variogram statistical methods.



8. Select Surfaces>Grid Contouring.... On the Grid
Contouring dialog select <TOPO_GRID.GRD> as
the Grid to contour. Make the minor contour
interval 100 and the major 500. Save the output file
as the default <TOPO_GRID_contours.TAB> in the
Discover Tutorial\Surfaces folder.

Click Process to initiate. When complete click Close on the
progress dialog. You can use the Surfaces>Label Contour Lines
menu option to add contour labels to your contours.

9. choose Surfaces>Modify Grid Display


10. Create a Profile from a Grid

Open The Geology Table This table contains coloured
polygons representing geological units. In the Layer Control
window drag the GEOLOGY layer below the TOPO GRID
layer. Give the grid a transparency of 50%, to do this go
Surfaces>Modify Grid Display on the colour tab, click the
Transparency box and drag the slider to 50% you should be
able to view the geology polygons beneath the grid. reorder


the layers so that the GEOLOGY layer is on top of the grid
when you have finished.

Make the Cosmetic Layer Editable and with the Line tool
draw a line across the centre of the image, from left to right.

Selected the line then > Surfaces> Draw Grid Profile
> Option.
Check Show Layer Intersections and click the Select
Layer button. Check<GEOLOGY> and select
<MAP_SYMBOL> as the attribute field. Click OK.
Select the Display tab and check the Axis Y, Grid Y, Axis X
and Grid X check boxes as below.




Select the DataTable button, the DataTable containing the
profile values will appear below the Profile as below.

To save this profile into MapInfo Professional, click on
Export button.Choose a suitable name, it will default to
<Profile.tab>.

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