FUTURE POSSIBLE conditional is used to express situations that are true IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES IF + S + Vpresent + / -, S + will, can or may + VSF If I have time tonight, I will watch TV PRESENT UNREAL Conditional to describe IMAGINARY SITUATIONS in the present or future.
FUTURE POSSIBLE conditional is used to express situations that are true IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES IF + S + Vpresent + / -, S + will, can or may + VSF If I have time tonight, I will watch TV PRESENT UNREAL Conditional to describe IMAGINARY SITUATIONS in the present or future.
FUTURE POSSIBLE conditional is used to express situations that are true IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES IF + S + Vpresent + / -, S + will, can or may + VSF If I have time tonight, I will watch TV PRESENT UNREAL Conditional to describe IMAGINARY SITUATIONS in the present or future.
To be back to let someone know she should be here shortly to be nuts to calm down to find out to freak out to tell the truth an urge to cant help it refund to fine shore storm by hand ought to ( should ) to spoil remarkable sibling to lead to ( to cause ) target widespread ( extendido) to enable ( to make possible ) nevertheless ( how ever ) to cope with ( deal , manage) gun to quit ( v + ing ) to afford ( inf. ) to consider ( v + ing ) to worry about ( v + ing ) to be excited about ( v + ing ) to be interested in ( v + ing ) to be good at ( v + ing ) without to enrich to lower to be stranded (inmovilizado) to pinpoint ( sealar, identificar ) skills elderly to go behind someones back to establish to back someone up trust compromise lenient toddler ( one to two years old ) to pet ( acariciar ) peer ( colega, mirar ) enhance ( improved, make bigger ) pamper ( mimar )
To raise: to bring to adulthood to praise: to express approval role: socially expected behavior development: growth or progress at first glance: initial impression trend: a current tendency or style to drift: go without direction to wipe: limpiar, pasar un trapo striking: attracting attention, unusual well rounded: balanced, fully developed
CAUSE AND EFFECT is used to express situations that are NORMALLY TRUE WHEN/ IF + S+ VSPresent +/- , S+ SHOULD OR HAVE TO in the result + VSF WHEN you get sick, you should stay home WHEN you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
FUTURE POSSIBLE conditional is used to express situations that are true IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES IF + S + Vpresent +/-, S + will , can or may + VSF IF I have time tonight , I will watch TV
PRESENT UNREAL Conditional to describe IMAGINARY SITUATIONS in the present or the future IF + S + VPAST +/- , S + WOULD, MIGHT OR COULD + VSF what would you do IF + S + VSF If we were in Hawaii, we could go swimming every day If I were you, I would see a doctor. what would you do if you saw a man having a heartattack ? I wouldnt do anything if I saw a man having a heartattack.
PAST UNREAL conditional to describe IMAGINARY SITUATIONS in the past. These situations can have CONSEQUENCES IN THE PRESENT IF + S + HAD ( NOT ) + VPP , S + WOULD, COULD, MIGHT + HAVE + VPP ( PAST ) , S + WOULD , COULD, MIGHT + VSF ( PRESENT ) If Tony hadnt broken his leg, he could ve gone to Europe with his parents If he hadnt broken his leg, he would be in Paris right now.
MODAL AUXILIARIES Have/ has to : necessity , obligation should : regret, recommendation can : ability , opportunity be able to : ability must : deduction may/ might : uncertainty
OBLIGATION Joe has to do his homework pr I wont have to wash the dishes f Did you have to travel last month ? pa
ABILITY AND OPPORTUNITY My sister can sing very well She will be able to finish the course When I was young I couldnt ride a bike, but I was able to play soccer.
RECOMMENDATION / REGRET You should study before an exam. We should wake up early tomorrow. You shouldnt have smoked
UNCERTAINTY She may be sleeping, but Im not sure. He might come back later. Elsa might have eaten a lot, but I really dont know for sure.
LOGICAL DEDUCTION Thats a beautiful suit, it must be expensive ( present ) He mustve bought it in Antara.
PASSIVE VOICE is when the subject is not doing the action : The entire beach is being covered in thick black oil is covered was covered will be covered
PASSIVE VOICE WITH MODAL AUXILIARIES S + AUX + BE + VPP ( CAN, COULD, HAVE TO, HAD TO, WILL HAVE TO, SHOULD, MAY, MIGHT ) The ships engines couldnt be started again. the ship had to be abandoned. Oil tankers should be inspected regularly. Local residents might be moved to another location. Many animals can be saved. The work has to be done by hand.
PASSIVE VOICE WITH MODAL AUXILIARIES HAPPEN IN THE PAST S + AUX + HAVE BEEN + VPP ( MUST HAVE, MIGHT HAVE, SHOULD HAVE, COULD HAVE ) Most of the animals mustve been killed instantly. Many more animals mightve been affected further south. This ship should never have been taken out
ANOTHER AND OTHER Another + noun SINGULAR Other + noun PLURAL Another example of violence in media is the motion picture industry Other people feel that this is simply coincidence. Another singular Others plural, without the noun In one game players use a variety of guns, while in another the object is to kill every other player While some people blame the influence of media, others feel that violence is the result of more complex causes.
THE NAME OF AN ACTIVITY CAN BE USED AS THE SUBJECT OR THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE Swimming is good exercise. I enjoy swimming on the weekends. We use the name of an activity as the Subject: Working 14 hours a day is tiring. We use the name of the activity as the Object after certain verbs He had to finish preparing a presentation After these verbs use verb + ing prepositions Enjoy reading be tired of keep washing feel like avoid listening think about finish preparing instead of mind talking look forward to dislike eating put of deny seeing be responsible for consider kissing object to quit be fed up with postpone get around to practice be afraid of detest be excited about miss worry about be interested in be good at without be used to insist on apologize for before after
INFINITIVE ( TO LEAVE ) Decide to intend to forget to refuse to learn to struggle to need to warn to allow to offer to plan to afford to agree to prepare to promise to appear to want to seem to threaten to hope to
AFTER SOME VERBS WE NEED TO USE AN OBJECT + VSF , when we want to indicate that the speaker causes the object of the sentence to do something. MAKE indicates that the subject forces someone to do the action. The thief made me give him my money HAVE indicates that the subject arranges for or hires someone to do the action William will have his wife send Wallace some information. LET indicates that the subject permits someone to do something Her parents dont let her go out by herself
SUGGEST OR RECOMMEND We can use these reporting verbs in present or past S + recommend/suggest + THAT + S + VSF I suggest that you call your mother. Vince recommended that his sister buy a new car Jennys friends suggested that she call Dr Judy Dr. Judy recommends that Jenny not be so strict