RC COLUMN

The function of columns is to act as vertical load carrying members.

Loads are primarily compressive although situations do arise where
moments are also present.
Columns are classified as:
SHORT
SLENDER
BRACED
UN-BRACED
Classification of column
The exact type depends upon a variety of factors relating to geometry
and factors affecting end restraint.
The provisions for column design o EC! "ppl# o veric"l
lo"d-$e"ring mem$ers %hose gre"er cross-secion
dimension does no e&ceed four imes is sm"ller dimension'
Compression mem$ers %ih " l"rger "spec r"io "re
considered o $e %"lls( "nd slighl# di)eren provisions "ppl#'
Columns m"# $e s*u"re( rec"ngul"r( circul"r( ellipic"l(
cruciform or of oher sh"pes'
+nii"l dimensions "re norm"ll# deermined $# ",ing ino
"ccoun re*uiremens for dur"$ili# "nd -re resis"nce
. T"$le /'00 1( "nd i is no pr"cic"l o c"s veric"l columns
sm"ller h"n !22 mm & !22 mm'
$
h
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Types of column cross-section
Braced or un-braced columns
Reinforced concree columns "re cl"ssi- ed "s eiher $r"ced
or un$r"ced' The di)erence rel"es o he m"nner in %hich
he srucure c"rries l"er"l lo"ds( "s sho%n $elo%'
Braced if shear walls or other bracing used to cope with lateral loads
due to wind for example.
Shear wall positions in a buildin
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PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Unbraced if lateral loads are carried by sway action of columns as
shown in the !i" below
She"r 3"lls
Columns Un$r"ced in $oh direcions
Columns Br"ced in $oh direcions
Columns Br"ced in # direcion
$u Un$r"ced in &
&
#
She"r 3"lls
#lan floor $iew of braced and unbraced column
Onl# $r"ced columns "re considered in his module'
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Short or Slender Columns
Modes of failure
Possible failure mechanisms:
1. Material failure with negligible lateral deflection which usually
occurs with short columns but can also occur when there are
large end moments on a column with an intermediate
slenderness ratio.
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
!. Material failure intensified by the lateral deflection and the
additional moment. This type of failure is typical of intermediate
columns.
". #nstability failure which occurs with slender columns and is
liable to be preceded by excessive deflections.
Column has to be classified because of their difference failure mode
and design considerations.
Columns m"# $e shor or slender( depending on he r"io of
heir e)ecive heigh o heir l"er"l dimension' The e)ecive
heigh l
2
c"n $e found $# mulipl#ing he column cle"r
heigh . 4igure /'!5 1 $# " f"cor from T"$le /'!6 %hich
depends on he degree of -&i# " he op "nd $oom of he
column . 4igure /'!7 1'
Figure 3.25 : Clear height of columns
Reinforced concree columns "re cl"ssi-ed "s slender if heir
slenderness r"io 8 9 l
2
:.r"dius of g#r"ion1 is gre"er h"n
" limiing v"lue given $# E*u"ion 5'0/N of EC! ;"r 0-0<

lim
= 20 ABC /n
%here n 9 N
Ed
:.2'7= bhf
c,
1 9 r"io of he "&i"l column lo"d
o he srengh of he concree'
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Table %"&' ( )ffecti$e heiht factors for braced columns
l
$
% clear height x factor from this table
!iure %"&* ( )nd fi+ity conditions for braced columns
&or a rectangular section the radius of gyration is b ,%"-* so the limit
can be given as:
Limiting l
0
/b ratio = (2.0/3.46ABCn = 5.!" ABC /n
4or $r"ced columns conserv"ive v"lues of he p"r"meers
"re A 9 2'=( B 9 0'0( C 9 0'=( %hich give<
Limiing l
2
:b r"io 9 5'=6 & 2'=&0'0&0'= :>.N
Ed
:.2'7=bhf
c,
11
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
9 6.#$(bhf
c%
/N
&'

Noe h" he more comple& c"lcul"ion mehods in EC! m"#
give " higher limiing r"io'
3hen he "cu"l l
2
: b r"io is no more h"n he limiing
v"lue( hen he column is shor no slender' +n pr"cice( mos
reinforced columns "re shor no slender( "nd in his module
does no cover he design of slender columns'
)./M#L) 0
A rec"ngul"r column /22 mm & ?22 mm in C/2:/= concree
c"rries " ULS "n "&i"l lo"d of 0022 ,N' +f he column is
$r"ced "nd suppors 552 mm deep $e"ms( "nd he @oor-o-
@oor heigh is /'5 m( deermine %heher he column is
slender'
()L*+,)-
Calculations 'esults
The cle"r heigh is /522 A 552
As he column is $r"ced "nd he $e"ms "re
deeper h"n he siBe of he column( hen $oh
ends of he column h"ve end condiion 0
. 4igure /'!7 1( so from T"$le /'!6 <
l
2
9 2'=5 & cle"r heigh 9 2'=5 & !C52
l
2
: b 9 !!0/:/22
Limiing l
2
: b 9 7'0C > . bhf
c,
: N
Ed
1 9 7'0C >
../22 & ?22 & /21:.0022 & 02
/
11
Cle"r heigh 9 !C52
mm
l
2
9 !!0/ mm
l
2
: b 9 ='?
Limiing l
2
:b 9 00'!
+he column is not
slen'er
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
)./M#L) &
The &igure bellows shows part of a braced multi(storey building with
floor to floor height of ".) m. The columns are "$$ mm s*uare and f
c+

% ", -.mm
!
. /etermine the slenderness of column 0 if the maximum
axial load on the column is 1)12 +-.
Calculations 'esults
The cle"r heigh is /?22 -752 9 !=52 mm
As he column is $r"ced "nd he $e"ms "re
deeper h"n he siBe of he column( hen $oh
ends of he column h"ve end condiion 0
. 4igure /'!7 1( so from T"$le /'!6 <
l
2
9 2'=5 & cle"r heigh 9 2'=5 & !=52
l
2
: b 9 !27/:/22
Limiing l
2
: b 9 7'0C > . bhf
c,
: N
Ed
1 9 7'0C >
../22 & /22 & /51:.0?=7 & 02
/
11
Cle"r heigh 9 !=52
mm
l
2
9 !27/ mm
l
2
: b 9 7'66
Limiing l
2
:b 9 C'2?
+he column is not
slen'er
Critical Loa'ing an' .oments
4or " $r"ced srucure he criic"l "rr"ngemen of he
ulim"e lo"d is usu"ll# h" c"uses he l"rges momen in
he column( ogeher %ih " l"rge "&i"l lo"d' The -gure
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
sho%s he criic"l lo"d "rr"ngemen for he design of is
cenre column " he -rs @oor level "nd "lso he lef- h"nd
column " "ll level'
/ critical loa' arrangement
.a0imum an' .inimum 1einforcement in Columns
SuDcien reinforcemen mus $e provided o conrol
cr"c,ing of he concree' A m"&imum seel conen is "lso
speci-ed o "llo% proper pl"cing "nd comp"cion of he
concree' The limis on longiudin"l reinforcemen "re given
in T"$le /'!C .see "lso 4igure /'!= 1'
+a2le 3.2$ : Limits on longitu'inal reinforcement in columns
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
L"er"l reinforcemen in columns is commonl# referred o "s
ies( lin,s or $inders' Their purpose is o preven l"er"l
$uc,ling of he m"in $"rs %hen he# c"rr# compressive
force( "s illusr"ed in 4igure /'!6'
Limis on siBe "nd sp"cing of ies "re given in T"$le /'/2'
T#pic"l "rr"ngemens of ies in reinforced concree columns
"re sho%n in 4igure /'!C ' Ever# corner $"r should $e
resr"ined $# " ie( "nd inermedi"e $"rs should $e
resr"ined if he# "re more h"n 052 mm from " resr"ined
$"r'
Figure 3.2! : La33e' longitu'inal reinforcement in a
concrete column
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Figure 3.2" : Function of lateral ties in a reinforce' concrete
column
Table %"%1 ( Limits on ties in reinforced concrete columns
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Figure 3.2$ : +43ical arrangements of lateral ties
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
S2ORT- BR/C)3 COLUMN 3)S45N
3hort(0raced columns into three categories:
1. 4xially loaded only
!. Columns supporting approximately symmetrically
arranged beams
". Columns with axial loads and uni.bi axial bending
0
!
/
A B C D
L0 L0 L!
L0
L0
#ositions of column
0! ( Category 1
C! ( Category ! only if loads are 5/ and beams
spans differ by less than1,6
4! 01 0" C1 C" and /! ( Category " axial 7 5niaxial
41 4" /1and /" ( Category " axial 7 0iaxial
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
(hort5 /0iall4 Loa'e' Columns
+n r"re c"ses %here " column is lo"ded hrough " properl#
designed pinned Eoin i m"# $e possi$le o consider he
column "s "&i"ll# lo"ded' +n his c"se he longiudin"l
reinforcemen c"n $e deermined from T"$le /'/0 ( %hich %ill
give conserv"ive resuls in mos c"ses'
T"$le /'/0 < Longiudin"l reinforcemen in $r"ced rec"ngul"r
columns %ih "&i"l lo"d
&0am3le
A $r"ced rec"ngul"r column !52 mm & /22 mm in C/2:/=
concree c"rries " ULS "n "&i"l lo"d of 0!22 ,N' The column
is no slender' Deermine he longiudin"l reinforcemen
re*uired'
Calculations 'esults
4rom d"" given
N : bhf
c,
9 0!22 & 02
/
:.!52 & /22 & /21
4rom T"$le /'/0 ( $# inerpol"ion
A
s
92'!= & 02
- /
& !52 &/22 & /2
4rom T"$le /'!C ( longiudin"l reinforcemen
should no $e less h"n
2 '0! N : f
#,
9 2'0! & 0!22 & 02
/
:522 9 !66
mm
!
or 2'22! bh 9 2'22! & !52 & /22 9 052 mm
!
b 9 !52 mm
h 9 /22 mm
N : bhf
c,
9 2'5/
A
s
: bhf
c,
9 2'!= & 02
- /
A
s
9 726 mm
!
;rovide four No' H07
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
$"rs( A
s
(
prov
9 62? mm
!
+ should $e emph"siBed h" "&i"ll# lo"ded columns "re
unusu"l( "nd for mos columns i %ill $e necess"r# o use
srucur"l "n"l#sis o -nd he $ending momens c"used $#
he lo"ds on he fr"me "s demonsr"ed in E&"mple /'00'
Columns 6ith *nia0ial 7en'ing .oment
Columns usually have to carry both compressive force and bending
moment. The bending moment to be carried is calculated by
structural analysis of the column and the slabs or beams that it
supports ta+ing into account possible uneven distributions of load on
the beams.
5niaxial bending can occur in the 88 axis or 99 axis as shown below
thus the corresponding :d
!
.h; has to be used when selecting the
appropriate /esign Chart.
0ending about 88 axis 0ending about 99 axix
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
z z
Mzz
This moment is then increased by a nominal amount to allow for the
possibility that the compressive load N is not at the centre of the
column. The additional moment is calculated by multiplying N by a
nominal eccentricity e where e is the greatest of
h ."$ where h % si<e of the column
l
$
.)$$ where l
$
% effective length of the column
!$ mm
*se of Column 8esign Charts
#n a column carrying bending moment and axial force calculation of
the amount of longitudinal reinforcement re*uires an iterative solution
involving a search for the correct neutral axis position and is beyond
the scope of this module.
/esign charts for rectangular columns with symmetric reinforcement
is shown at the end of this module and these allow the reinforcement
to be found without this calculation. 4 typical chart is in &igure "."$.
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
&igure "."$: Column 'esign chart for d
2
/h 9 0.#5
All longiudin"l reinforcemen %ill c"rr# he veric"l lo"d( $u
reinforcemen ne"r he cenre of he column %ill $e less
eDcien " c"rr#ing $ending momen h"n reinforcemen
ne"r he surf"ce .i'e' furher "%"# from he neur"l "&is of
he secion1' 4or his re"son di)eren ch"rs "re "v"il"$le for
di)eren v"lues of d
!
/h .see 4igure /'/0 1( "nd he ch"rs
"v"il"$le on he %e$sie noed "$ove "re for
d
!
/h v"lues of 2'02( 2'05( 2'!2 "nd 2'!5' + is "l%"#s s"fe o
use " ch"r for " d
!
/h v"lue higher h"n he "cu"l v"lue
re*uired'
The dimension d
!
9 .cover o he ies1 F.siBe of ies1 F.h"lf
of m"in $"r di"meer1
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
4igure /'/0 < No"ion used in column design ch"rs
The chart in &igure "."$ shows dashed lines labelled for different
values of K
t
. These relate to the position of the neutral axis and are
not re*uired for the examples used in this module.
)./M#L)
A $r"ced rec"ngul"r column /22 mm & ?22 mm in C/2:/=
concree c"rries " ULS "n "&i"l lo"d of 0022 ,N "nd "
m"&imum $ending momen of 065 ,Nm in he direcion of
he ?22 mm dimension' Deermine he longiudin"l
reinforcemen re*uired' The column h"s "n e)ecive lengh
of !!0/ mm "nd is no slender'
S,ech he reinforcemen "rr"ngemen'
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
A&i"l lo"d N
= ##00 %-
The nomin"l eccenrici# e is he gre"es of
?22 :/2 9 0/ mm
!!0/ :?22 9 5'5 mm
!2 mm /'o3t e = 20
mm = 0.02 m
Addiion"l $ending momen 9 Ne 9 0022 & 2'2! 9 !! ,Nm
To"l $ending momen M 9 065 F !! M
= 20! %-m
Dimension d
!
9 /2 F 6 F !5:! d
2

= 50.5 mm
d
!
/h 9 52'5:?22 d
2
/h = 0.#3
Use ch"r for d
!
/h 9 2'05
4or use in he design ch"r
M : bh
!
f
c,
9 !2= & 02
7
:./22 & ?22
!
& /21 M / bh
2
f
c%
=
0.#44
N : bhf
c,
9 0022 & 02
/
:./22 & ?22 & /21 N / bhf
c%
=
0.306
4rom he ch"r for d
!
: h 9 2'05 . 4igure $elo% 1(
$# re"ding ono he curved lines(
A
s
f
4%
/
bhf
c%
= 0.30
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
A
s
9 2'/2 bhf
c,
: f
#,
9 2'/2 & /22 & ?22 & /2:522 A
s
=
2#60 mm
2
4rom T"$le /'!C ( "re" of longiudin"l reinforcemen should no $e less
h"n
2 '0! N : f
#,
9 2'0! & 0022 & 02
/
:522 9 264 mm
2
2 '22! bh 9 2'22! & /22 &?22 9 240 mm
2
*se four -o. 925 : t6o -o. 9#2 2ars
A
s
53ro; = 2#"$ mm
2
Noe he "ddiion"l H0! side $"rs( sho%n "s open circles' These "re no
re*uired for srengh $u "re provided so h" he m"&imum sp"cing
$e%een longiudin"l $"rs does no e&ceed 052mm
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Cross<section of column
B4/.4/L B)N34N5 O! S2ORT COLUMNS
&or most columns biaxial bending will not govern the design. The
loading patterns necessary to cause biaxial bending in a building=s
internal and edge columns will not usually cause large moments in
both directions. Corner columns may have to resist significant
bending about both axes but the axial loads are usually small and a
design similar to the ad>acent edge columns is generally ade*uate. To
ensure that a column is to be designed as biaxial bending chec+ the
following eccentricities condition:
2 . 0 /
b
e
h
e
y
z
and 2 . 0 /
b
e
b
e
z
y
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
The approximate method :based on 03?11$; specifies that a column
sub>ected to an ultimate load -
ed
and moment M
<
and M
y
in the
direction of 88 and 99 axes respectively may be designed for a
single axis bending but with an increased moment and sub>ect to the
following conditions:
:a; if
, ,
b
M
h
M
y
z

then the increased single axis design moment is
M=
<
% M
<
7 @
'
'
b
h
x M
y
:b; if
' h
M
z
A
' b
M
y
then the increased single axis design moment is
M=
y
% M
y
7 @
'
'
h
b
x M
<
The coefficient @ % 1 (
CK
ED
bhf
N
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
4nd tabulated as follows:
ck
ED
bhf
N
$ $.1 $.! $." $.) $., $.2 $.1 B$.1,
@ 1.$$ $.C1 $.?1 $.1! $.2" $.," $.)) $.", $."
DE4MPLD
The column section as shown below is to be designed to resist an
ultimate axial load of 1!$$ +- plus moments of M
<
% 1, +-m and M
y

% ?$ +-m. The characteristic material strengths are f
c+
% !, -.mm
!

and f
y+
% ,$$ -.mm
!
.
4-3FD'
e
<
% M
<
.-
ed
% 1, x 1$
2
.1!$$ x 1$
"
% 2!., mm
e
y
% M
y
.-
ed
% ?$ x 1$
2
.1!$$ x 1$
"
% 22.1 mm
thus
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Chec+
2 . 0 /
b
e
h
e
y
z
:2!.,.",$; . :22.1."$$; % $.? G $.!
and
2 . 0 /
b
e
b
e
z
y
:22.1."$$; . :2!.,.",$; % 1.!) G $.!
Hence the column must be designed for biaxial bending.
M
<
.h= % 1, . :",$ I 1$; % $.!2?
M
y
.b= % ?$ . :"$$ I 2$; % $."""
M
<
.h= A M
y
.b=
Therefore the increase single axis moment is
M=
y
% M
y
7 @
'
'
h
b
x M
<
ck
ED
bhf
N
% 1!$$ x 1$
"
.:"$$ x ",$ x !,; % $.)2
&rom table above @ % $.,1
M=
y
% ?$ 7 $.,1 x !)$.!?$ x 1, % 112.2 +-m
Thus
M
Dd
.bh
!
f
c+
% 112.2 x 1$
2
. ",$ x :"$$;
!
x !, % $.1,
&rom /esign Chart -o. ) :d
!
.h % 2$."$$ % $.!;
4
s
f
y+
.bhf
c+
% $.)1
Therefore 4s % !)21 mm
!

HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP

PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Provide )H"! bars
DE4MPLD
The &igure below shows a frame of a building for which the centre
columns along line PJ are to be designed. The frames at ) m
centres are braced against lateral forces and support the following
floor loads:
Permanent action:including beam self weight; g
+
% 1$ +-.m
!
Kariable action *
+
% 1, +-.m
!
Cover % "$ mm
Main 'einforcement :assume; %!, mm
Lin+:assume; % ? mm
Liven f
c+
% !, -.mm
!
and f
y+
% ,$$ -.mm
!
:i; Calculate the load axial load on each floor
:ii; Calculate the moment at each column along PJ
:iii; /esign the reinforcement for each column along PJ
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
/nswer
The following arrangement is the critical arrangement for maximum
loading for centre column at 1
st
floor:
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Maximum ultimate load at each floor
% ) x :1.",g+ 7 1.,*+; per metre length of beam
% ) x :1.", x 1$ 7 1., x 1,;
% 1)) +-.m
Minimum ultimate load % ).$ x 1.",g+
% ).$ x 1.", x 1$ % ,) +- per m length of beam
Column loads
Third floors % 1)) x 1$.! % 1!$ +-
3econd floor % 1)) x 1$.! % 1!$ +-
&irst floor % 1)) x 2.! 7 ,) x ).! % ,)$ +-
Column self wt % 1.", x !, x $." x $.) x " % 1!.1, +-
4xial Loading
Moment on column
To calculate the moment on column a complete frame analysis can
be performed using computer softwares. 4lternatively a simplify frame
or called substitute frame analysis based on moment distribution
method can be employed on the frame on the 1
st
and !
nd
floor as
shown below:
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
720 + 12.15 = 732.15 kN
720 + 12.15 + 720+12.5=
1464.65 kN
720 + 12.15 + 720 + 12.5 + 50
+12.5= 2017.15 kN
+
40
.! % M x bh
"
.1!L
40
% M x $."x$.1
"
.1!x2 % $.11 x 1$
("
+
0C
.! %M x bh
"
.1!L
0C
% M x $."x$.1
"
.1!x) % 1.$1 x 1$
("
+
col
% $." x $.)
"
.1!x" % $.," x 1$
("
Therefore6
N + % :$.11 7 1.$1 7 !x$.,"; x 1$
("
% !.?) x 1$
("
/istribution factor for column % +
col
. N+ % $.,".!.?) % $.1C
&ixed end moment 04 % 1)) x 2
!
.1! % )"! +-m
&ixed end moment 0C % ,) x )
!
.1! % 1! +-m
Therefore column moment M
Dd
at 0 % $.1C:)"! I 1!; % 2?.) +-m
4t third floor
N + % :$.11 7 1.$1 7 $.,"; x 1$
("
% !."1 x 1$
("
Therefore column moment M
Dd
%
!1 . 2
5! . 0
:)"! I 1!; % ?!.2 +-m
3esin for 0
st
floor column
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
B
A
"
1#$=%$ &N
&
AB
/2 &
B"
/2
5# = 21$ &N
&
'()
&
'()
Dimension d
!
9 /2 F 6 F !5:!
d
!
/h 9 52'5:?22
Use ch"r for d
!
/h 9 2'05
4or use in he design ch"r
M : bh
!
f
c,
9 76'? & 02
7
:./22 & ?22
!
& !51 = 0.05!
N : bhf
c,
9 !20='05 & 02
/
:./22 & ?22 & !51 9 2'7=!
4
s
f
y+
.bhf
c+
% $.1,
4
s
% $.1, x "$$ x )$$ x!,.,$$ % C$$ mm
!
5se )H!$ :4
prov
% 1!,1 mm
!
;
Lin+ si<e % O x !$ % , mm
5se H2 mm lin+
3pacing of lin+ : 1! x !$ % !)$ mm :max;
5se !!, mm spacing
Minimum area of reinforcement % $.$$! x bh
% $.$$! x "$$ x )$$
% !)$ mm
!
. PQ
Maximum area % $.$? x bh % $.$? x "$$ x )$$
% C2$$ mm
!
PQ
-ote: The lin+ spacing is reduced to $.2$ x !!, % 1", mm for )$$
mm above and below each floor level and at laps below 1
st
floor level.
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
TUTOR4/L
J1 4 column section is under uniaxial bending about the ma>or
axis. /esign the section and detailing. Liven f
c+
% "$ -.mm
!
f
y
%
,$$ -.mm
!
and concrete cover % !, mm. 4ssume main bar
diameter % 12 mm and lin+ diameter % 1$ mm.
J!. 4 column section "$$ x )$$ mm is under biaxial bending.
/esign and prepare the detailing of reinforcement. Liven:
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
f
c+
% "$ -.mm!
f
y
% ,$$ -.mm!
-
Dd
% C,$ +-
M
<
% C, +-m
M
y
% 2, +-m
Cover % !, mm
Main bar % "! mm :assume;
Lin+ % ? mm :assume;
J". 4 column section of si<e )$$ x 2$$ mm is under biaxial
bending. /esign and prepare the detailing of the reinforcement
if the following data are given:
f
cu
% !, -.mm
!
f
y
% ,$$ -.mm
!
-
Dd
% 1?$$ +-
M
<
% !!, +-m
M
y
% 1,$ +-m
Cover % !$ mm
Main bar % !, mm :assume;
Lin+ % 1$ mm :assume;
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
Column desin charts
C2/RT NO 0
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
C2/RT NO &
C2/RT NO %
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
C2/RT NO -
C2/RT NO 7
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM
HJ ROSLAN BIN KOLOP
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA,UTHM