LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No Description Page No

3.1 Failure rate or bath tub curve………………………………………………………...12

4.1 basic vibration representation………………………………………………………..18
4.2 Examples of vibration………………………………………………………………..20
4.3 Basic construction of an accelerometer………..…………………………….………30
4.4 Direction for placing the sensor……………………………………………………...31
4.5 Data Pac 1500………………………………………………………..…....................33
5.1 Different components generate different vibration frequencies………......................42
5.2 Typical tri-axial data taken on a belt drive fan………………..……………………..45
5.3 Different waveforms result in different frequency characteristics…………………..48
5.4 Spike pulses due to flaw on the inner race of the bearing…………………………...51
5.5 Comparative horizontal and vertical phase readings….……………………………..54
5.6 uneven rotor and bent shaft problems………………………………………………..57
5.7 Four axial phase readings at each bearing…….……………………………………..58
5.8 The axial phase readings show a twisting axial motor of shaft……….……………..59
5.9 parallel misalignment and angular misalignment…………………………………....60
5.10 looseness (excessive clearance in bearings and loose bolts)………………………...61
5.11 Vibrations Due To Eccentricity………………………………………………………63
5.12 worn rollers, worn gear teeth and worn belts………………………………………..64
6.1 A Simple Neural Network.…………………………………………………………..67
6.2 ANN dependency graph……………………………………………………………...69
6.3 The data flow chart……...……………………………………………………………75
7.1 Boiler feed pump train………………………………………………………………..79
7.2 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in horizontal direction………………………...84
7.2 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in vertical direction……………………………84

7.3 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in axial direction………………………………85

7.4 Velocity spectrum of MPNDE bearing in horizontal direction………………………85

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7.5 Velocity spectrum of MPNDE bearing in vertical direction…………………………...86

7.6 Velocity spectrum of MPNDE bearing in axial direction……………………………...86

7.7 Velocity spectrum of BPNDE bearing in horizontal direction………………………...89

7.8 Velocity spectrum of BPNDE bearing in horizontal direction.........................................89

7.9 Velocity spectrum of BPNDE bearing in horizontal direction………………………….90

7.10 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in horizontal direction…………………………. .90

7.11 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in vertical direction (1x harmonics)……………..91

7.12 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in axial direction………………………………...92

7.13 Velocity spectrum of MPNDE bearing in horizontal direction…………………………92

7.14 Velocity spectrum of MPNDE bearing in vertical direction……………………………93

7.15 Velocity spectrum of MPNDE bearing in horizontal direction…………………………94

7.16 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in vertical direction……………………………...94

7.17 Velocity spectrum of MPNDE bearing in vertical direction (1x harmonics)…………...94

7.18 Velocity spectrum of MPDE bearing in axial direction ………………………………..95

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Description Page No

1. The vibration frequencies and their likely causes……..……………………………...44

2. Experimental data collected……………………………………………………...…...81

3 Vibration tables before rectification…...……………………………………………..81

4. Spectrums before modification……………………………………………………….84

5. Vibration tables after rectification………………………………………....................88

6. ISO -10816standard limits……..……………………………………………………..88

7. Results from ANN program……………………………………………………….....96

8. Network output for testing data sets…………………….…………………………..100

9. Network output all data sets…………………………………………………………100

10. Correlation of mathematical and Ann analysis……………………………………..101

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