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JEWISH COMMUNITIES
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
0 40 km
LOST IN THE WAR OF 0 40 mi
INDEPENDENCE
Mediterranean Sea
During the War of Independence,
a number of Jewish communities
were captured, mostly by the
Jordanian army – Kibbutz Beit
Ha-arava and Kalya north of the
Dead Sea, the four kibbutzim of
Gush Etzion west of Bethlehem,
Atarot and Neve Yaakov north of
Jerusalem, and the Jewish
Quarter in the Old City of
Jerusalem. Kfar Darom, near
Gaza, was captured by the
Egyptian army. In addition, when
the War of Independence broke Atarot
Beit Ha’arava
Neve Ya’akov
out at the end of 1947, the Jerusalem, The Jewish Quarter
Kalya
Revadim
remnant of the Jewish community Masuot Yitzhak Ein Tzurim
Kfar Etzion
of Hebron fled.
Hebron
Kfar Darom
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JERUSALEM BEFORE THE SIX
Mediterranean Sea
Once it became clear that the
Samaria diplomatic campaign had failed,
Tel Aviv
Jaffa
and following Jordan’s
Jerusalem
participation in the Egyptian-
Judea Syrian alliance, Israel launched
Gaza action in self-defense against the
Beer Sheba massing threat from Egypt on
Suez
June 5, 1967. Once Jordan and
Canal
Syria initiated the fighting against
Israel, the war also included
Jordan
those countries. In the course of
the war, the Israeli forces
Sinai
Peninsula
reached the Suez Canal, and
captured the territories of Judea
Eilat
and Samaria, as well as the
Gulf
of
Golan Heights – from which the
Gulf
Eilat Syrians had shelled Israel.
of Saudi Arabia
Suez
Israeli territory
before Six Day War
Egypt
Under Israeli control
0 40 km after Six Day War
0 40 mi Red Sea
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ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
JERUSALEM AFTER THE SIX DAY WAR OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM
(1967)
0 .5 km
Israel-Jordan Armistice
Line, 1949 - 1967 0 .5 m
Jerusalem Municipal
Boundary after Six Day War
Major Jewish suburbs since
Six Day War
Herod’s
Gate
Moslem
Neve Quarter Lion’s Gate
Yaakov
Damascus Gate
Pisgat
Zeev Temple Golden Gate
Mount
Ramot
Ramat
Eshkol French Dome of
Hill the Rock
Church of
Sanhedria the Holy
Mt.Scopus
Sepulchre
Har Nof Mea
Shearim Al-A
Al-Aksa
Beit Hakerem New Christian Western Mosque
Mos
Old City Gate Quarter Wall
Cardo Mt. of
City Center
Mt. Herzl Olives
Jewish
Yad Vashem Knesset Jewish
Quarter
Jaffa Gate Quarter
Talbieh Citadel
Dung Gate
Gat
German Colony
Tower of David
Malcha Talpiot
East Armenian
Talpiot Quarter
City of David
Da
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ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
A few days after the end of the
Six Day War, on June 27, 1967,
the Israeli Parliament passed a
law that Israeli administration
and jurisdiction apply to all the
territory of Jerusalem acquired
in the war. The following day,
the Jerusalem municipal
boundaries were extended to
include eastern Jerusalem, as
well as Atarot and Neve Yaakov
in the north, and Gilo in the
south.
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YOM KIPPUR WAR Lebanon
ISRAEL CHANGING BORDERS
Israeli territory
CEASE-FIRE LINES before Six Day War
Mediterranean Golan
Under Israeli control Sea
(OCTOBER 24, 1973) after Six Day War
Heights Syria
Haifa
Held by Egyptian Army
The Yom Kippur War began on October 6, 1973
Held by Israeli Army
when the combined armies of Egypt and Syria attacked
Samaria
Israel in the Suez Canal area and the Golan Heights.
Tel Aviv
After a few days of hard fighting in which Egypt Jaffa Jerusalem
established itself on the eastern side of the Suez Canal
Judea
and the Syrians captured most of the Golan Heights,
the attack was halted and a counter-attack by IDF Gaza
Beer Sheba
forces succeeded in pushing back some of the Egyptian
forces, crossed the Canal and reached within 101 Suez
Canal
kilometers of Cairo. On the Golan Heights, the Syrian
forces were repulsed completely and IDF forces Jordan
captured an enclave in the northern Heights deep in
Syrian territory, as well as recapturing Mount Hermon.
Sinai
Peninsula
Jordan
Jordan
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An agreement was signed in Geneva in
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
INTERIM AGREEMENT September 1975 in addition to the 1974
PEACE TREATY WITH EGYPT
WITH EGYPT separation-of-forces agreement following AND SINAI REDEPLOYMENT
(1975) the Yom Kippur War. The main points of (1980 – 1982)
the agreement were: Israeli withdrawal in
Sinai to the eastern ends of the Mitla and
Gidi Passes; creation of a UN-monitored
buffer zone in the evacuated area; turning
the previous buffer zone into Egyptian
territory; Israeli withdrawal from the oil
fields at Abu Rudeis and Ras Sudar. It was
also agreed to open the Suez Canal to
Israeli non-military cargo ships and to
establish American early-warning stations in
the area of the passes. The agreement was
perceived as an important step towards a
just and sustainable peace.
NORTHERN SAMARIA
In August 2005, Israel disengaged from the Gaza Strip, and from four
settlements in northern Samaria. This action, initiated by Prime
Minister Sharon and endorsed by the Knesset, was an Israeli initiative
designed to end the stalemate in the peace process after more than
four years of terrorist bloodshed. Altogether 25 settlements were
removed. This entailed a considerable sacrifice on the part of the
nearly 9000 residents who had to leave their homes and livelihoods
that they had built over the course of several decades. It also
Area A: Full Palestinian Control
demonstrated Israel’s readiness to make major concessions for the
Area C: Former Israeli Control sake of peace.
Former Israeli Community Following disengagement, the Gaza Strip is under Palestinian
Palestinian Community jurisdiction. This constitutes a practical test of the Palestinian
Authority’s intentions regarding peaceful coexistence. It could
Pre-1967 cease-fire-lines
contribute to the renewal of peace talks and to the establishment of a
Palestinian state alongside Israel as envisaged by the Roadmap,
provided the Palestinians fulfill their obligations to end terrorism and
incitement. However, the Hamas election victory in January 2006
undermines this possibility.
GAZA STRIP 27
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
ISRAEL AND THE REGION
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MODERN DAY ISRAEL
ISRAEL (WITHIN
BOUNDARIES AND
CEASE-FIRE LINES)
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JERUSALEM OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
Jerusalem, the
capital of Israel, is
located in the heart
of the country,
nestled among the
Judean Hills. The
city's ancient
stones, imbued
with millennia of
history, and its
numerous historical
sites, shrines and
places of worship
attest to its meaning
for Jews,
Christians and
Muslims.
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