10/3/13

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Opportunities and Challenges of
Deploying the Smart Grid
Keynote Speech at EPECS, Istanbul

02 October 2013
Prof. Saifur Rahman

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www.salfurrahman.org
Virginia Tech Research Center
Arlington, Virginia, USA
10/3/13
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What is the
Smart Grid ?
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The Electric Power Grid
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Source: www.sxc.hu
10/3/13
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Smart Grid Definition
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"Smart grid" is a concept with many elements where monitoring
and control of each element in the chain of generation,
transmission, distribution and end-use allow our electricity
delivery and use more cost effective.







http://www.fiercesmartgrid.com/story/smart-grid-starting-generator-ending-
refrigerator/2013-02-19?utm_medium=nl&utm_source=internal
Difference Between a Normal Grid
And a Smart Grid
normal hone SmarL hone
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Power Plant
Transmission
Distribution
Home
Business
End-use
Appliances
Starting and End Points
of a Smart Grid
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Building Blocks of the Smart Grid
Saifur Rahman
10/3/13
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What Makes it Smart?





Intelligence
Two-way communication
Real-time monitoring & control

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Merge Power Flow with
Information Flow:

Integrated Communications

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Electric Power &
Communication Infrastructures
Central Generating
Station
Step-Up
Transformer
Distribution
Substation
Receiving
Station
Distribution
Substation
Distribution
Substation
Commercial
Industrial
Commercial
Gas
Turbine
Recip
Engine
Cogeneration
Recip
Engine
Fuel
cell
Micro-
turbine
Flywheel
Residential
Photo
voltaics
Batteries
Residential Data
Concentrator
Control Center
Data network Users
2. Information Infrastructure
1.Power Infrastructure
Source: L8l
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Smart Grid
Source: AlLallnk, AlberLa, Canada
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! Technical Issues
! Regulatory Issues
! Business Issues
Multi-Faceted View of Smart Grid
Regulatory Issues

- 1lme varylng raLes
- Who pays Lhe upfronL cosLs
- Who owns Lhe daLa
- CybersecurlLy lssues
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Business Issues

- 8eLurn on lnvesLmenL
- CusLomer accepLance
- ueploymenL rlsk
- +'('/)01'2 -(*'.")3#(
- 4')5 1#)6 "'6783#(
- 9'$)(6 "'2:#(2' )::1-8)3#(
- 8emoLe meLer readlng & bllllng
- 1ransformer/SwlLchgear loadlng
- Servlce monlLorlng and recovery

Benefits of the Smart Grid
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Changing Landscape of the
Electric Utility
Hourly wind power variation (MW)
in Texas, USA (01 and 02 Jan 2008)
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0.0
300.0
1,000.0
1,300.0
2,000.0
2,300.0
1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Serles1
0.0
300.0
1,000.0
1,300.0
2,000.0
2,300.0
1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Serles1
01 Jan 2008 02 Jan 2008
Installed Capacity 4,541 MW
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Hourly wind power variation (MW)
in Texas, USA (03 and 04 Jan 2008)
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03 Jan 2008 04 Jan 2008
Installed Capacity 4,541 MW
0.0
300.0
1,000.0
1,300.0
2,000.0
2,300.0
3,000.0
3,300.0
1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Serles1
0.0
300.0
1,000.0
1,300.0
2,000.0
2,300.0
3,000.0
3,300.0
1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Serles1

It helps to integrate intermittent
sources of generation into the
electric power grid.

Short term load control for a large number of end-
use devices through demand response makes it
possible to get quick load relief to match
fluctuations in generation.

SG role in peak load reduction


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How Can the Smart Grid Help?
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Load Duration Curve
Dominion Virginia Power (2010)
Peak load of
19,140 MW
Probability that peak
loads exceed
16,000 MW is only
5% of the time
3,140 MW or
16.5% of peak load
Peak load and its duration
- ln Lhe uS 20 of Lhe load happens 3 of
Lhe ume
- ln AusLralla 13 of Lhe load happens less
Lhan 1 of Lhe ume
- ln LgypL 13 of Lhe load happens 1 of
Lhe ume
- ln Saudl Arabla 3 of Lhe load happens
0.3 of Lhe ume


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Potential Savings from
Peak Load Reduction

uS has an lnsLalled generauon capaclLy of
1,000,000 megawaus

20 or 200,000 megawaus of generauon
capaclLy and assoclaLed Lransmlsslon and
dlsLrlbuuon asseLs are worLh over 300
bllllon dollars
VTs Demand Response Research
CurrenL Approach (uemand Slde ManagemenL, uSM):
uurlng a power sysLem sLress condluon, an elecLrlc uullLy sends
conLrol slgnals Lo shed selecLed commerclal/resldenual loads.
1he cusLomer has no conLrol beyond Lhe lnlual consenL.

v1 Approach:
A demand reducuon requesL (kW) ls senL Lo lndlvldual
resldenual/commerclal/lndusLrlal cusLomer Lhrough a cusLomer
lnLerface devlce.
1he cusLomer now has a cholce and can declde whlch appllances
Lo conLrol based on Lhelr preference and load prlorlLy.
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Appliances to be Controlled
- locus on power-lnLenslve loads, lncludlng:
Space heaung/
coollng unlL
(2-3 kW)
CloLhes dryer
(4-3.6 kW)
WaLer heaLer
(3.8-3.3 kW)
LlecLrlc vehlcle
(3.3-16.8 kW for level-2)
CusLomers have a cholce Lo declde whlch appllances Lo
conLrol based on Lhelr prlorlLy and cusLomer preference.
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Objective
SmarL lug based Pome Lnergy ManagemenL (PLM) SysLem for
resldenual uemand 8esponse (u8) appllcauons.
1he proposed PLM provldes cusLomers a cholce Lo declde whlch appllances
Lo conLrol based on Lhelr prlorlLy and cusLomer preference.
HEM Concept:
External control
signal from an
utility
Distribution
board & meter
Demand
limit (kW)
HEM Unit
Load Controller
Data communication & control signal
AC unit
(2-3kW)
Clothes dryer
(4-6kW)
Water heater
(4-6kW)
Electric vehicle
(3.3-16.8kW)
Gateway
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Example of Load Priority and Preference
Settings & DR Strategy by Load Type
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@:)8' 8##1-(.
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B1#*C'2
9"D'" >B9?
E1'8*"-8
F'C-81' >EF?
GHI 4"-#"-*D
2'J(.
1



2 3 4
GKI 4"','"'(8'
2'J(.
40-43!" 26!" (2!")
noL Lo exceed
30!"
llnlsh Lhe [ob by
mldnlghL
lully charged by
8AM
Smart Meter Based Implementation
- SmarL meLer allows
Lhe uullLy Lo monlLor
Lhe cusLomer load ln
real ume


- 1wo-way
communlcauon
allows real-ume
conLrol
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Same thing can be achieved over Web Services
lL provldes a cusLomer lnLerface Lo monlLor & conLrol
appllances ln response Lo uullLy conLrol slgnals. lL lncludes
embedded algorlLhms for managlng power-lnLenslve loads
based on Lhelr prlorlLy and cusLomer preference.

HEM Unit
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Virginia Tech Approach Highlights
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Detailed customer usage data is stored at customer premises
Customer data privacy is ensured
Customer can pick and choose which appliances to control
Unidirectional communication with existing communication
channels leads to lower investment and operational cost,
reduction in complexity, and therefore lower deployment risk
This approach allows the citizen, the regulator, the electric utility
and the business partner to gain experience with the smart grid
and be convinced of its value without a large up front investment

Smart Grid Information Clearinghouse
1o deslgn, populaLe, manage and malnLaln a publlc SClC web
porLal LhaL reaches ouL Lo a broad user communlLy boLh for
lnformauon gaLherlng and knowledge dellvery.

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www.SClClearlnghouse.org

Cb[ecuve:
Sponsored by uS ueparLmenL of Lnergy
#$%& ()* +,-./) 0,12,3 ,34 ()* 5,3-%, #-6,7,3,%8268)3
Portal for Smart Grid
Information Collection and Archival
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www.sgiclearinghouse.org
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Smart Grid Projects
www.sgiclearinghouse.org
10/3/13
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International Smart Grid Projects
www.sgiclearinghouse.org
10/3/13
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Thank you
Prof. Saifur Rahman
www.saifurrahman.org