Reinforced Concrete Design in Compliance With ACI 318M-08 Part 14: Building Design Example - Design For Wind

Reinforced Concrete Design
in Compliance with ACI 318M-08

Part 14: Building Design Example Design for Wind

by

Dr. S. K. Ghosh
S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.
Palatine, IL and Aliso Viejo, CA
USA
A web seminar series in cooperation with and under sponsorship of
the Department of Municipal Affairs, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
www.skghoshassociates.com

334 East Colfax Street, Unit E 43 Vantis Drive
Palatine, IL 60067 Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
Ph: (847) 991-2700 Fax: (847) 991-2702 Ph: (949) 249-3739 Fax: (949) 249-3989

1
- 1 -
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN IN COMPLIANCE WITH
ACI 318M-08: DESIGN FOR WIND
Please stay tuned. We will be starting at
8:00 am UAE Time.
You will be able to listen to the seminar
using computer speakers
If you are encountering technical difficulties, please call 00 1 847 991 2700
Visit us at: www.skghoshassociates.com
SKGA Web Seminar
in cooperation with and under sponsorship of
the Department of Municipal Affairs, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
- 2 -
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN IN
COMPLIANCE WITH ACI 318M-08
A web seminar series in cooperation with and under sponsorship of
the Department of Municipal Affairs, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Part 14: BUILDING DESIGN EXAMPLE
DESIGN FOR WIND
Palatine, IL and Aliso Viejo, CA
2
- 3 -
- 4 -
Example Office Building
Part of Chapter 2 updated to ACI 318-08 and
converted to metric units.
3
- 5 -
Plan view of the example building
7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
Unit: mm
- 6 -
Elevation view of the example building
1
1

@

3
7
0
0

=

4
0
,
7
0
0
4
9
0
0
Unit: mm
4
- 7 -
Example Office Building Design of Main Wind-
Force-Resisting System (MWFRS)
- 8 -
Design Data
Design Data
Building location: Abu Dhabi,
Latitude : 24 28 N
Longitude : 54 22 E
Material properties
Concrete: f
c
= 40 MPa, w
c
= 2400 kg/m
3
Reinforcement: f
y
= 420 MPa
5
- 9 -
Design Data
Design Data
Service loads
Live loads: roof = 1.0 kN/m
2
floors = 2.5 kN/m
2
plus
1.0 kN/m
2
for partitions
SIDL: roof = 2.0 kN/m
2
+ 900 kN penthouse
floors = 2.0 kN/m
2
- 10 -
Design Data
Design Data
Wind design data
Basic wind speed V = 38 m/sec
(Figure 8, Vickery report)
Exposure B (IBC 1609.4, ASCE 6.5.6.3)
For Occupancy Category II, I = 1.0
(IBC Table 1604.5, ASCE Table 6-1)
6
- 11 -
Design Data
Design Data
Member dimensions
Slab: 200 mm
Beams: 550 550 mm
Interior columns: 650 650 mm
Edge columns: 600 600 mm
Wall thickness: 300 mm
- 12 -
Wind Load Determination
Step 1: Basic wind speed, V, and wind
directionality factor, K
d
V = 38 m/sec
K
d
= 0.85 for main wind-force-resisting systems of
buildings per ASCE Table 6-4
7
- 13 -
ASCE Table 6-4 Wind directionality factor, k
d
- 14 -
Step 2: Importance factor, I
I = 1.0 per IBC Table 1604.5, ASCE Table 6-1 for
Occupancy Category II
Occupancy
Category
Non-Hurricane Prone Regions
and Hurricane Prone Regions
with V = 38 45 m/sec
Hurricane Prone
Regions with V > 45
m/sec
I 0.87 0.77
II 1.00 1.00
III 1.15 1.15
IV 1.15 1.15
8
- 15 -
Step 3: Exposure category and velocity pressure
exposure coefficient, K
z
Values of K
z
are to be determined from ASCE Table 6-3.
In lieu of linear interpolation, K
z
may be calculated at
any height z m above ground level by the following
equations:
- 16 -
= 3-second gust speed power law exponent
from ASCE Table 6-2
= 7.0 for Exposure B
Z
g
= nominal height of the atmospheric
boundary layer from ASCE Table 6-2
= 365.76 m for Exposure B
9
- 17 -
ASCE Table 6-2 Terrain Exposure Constant
Exposure z
g
(m) b b c l (m) z
min
(m)*
B 7.0 365.76 1/7 0.84 1/4.0 0.45 0.30 97.54 1/3.0 9.14
C 9.5 274.32 1/9.5 1.00 1/6.5 0.65 0.20 152.4 1/5.0 4.57
D 11.5 213.36 1/11.5 1.07 1/9.0 0.80 0.15 198.12 1/8.0 2.13
^
^
*z
min
= minimum height used to ensure that the equivalent height z is greater of 0.6h or z
min
.
For buildings with h z
min
, z shall be taken as z
min
.
- 18 -
Table: Velocity pressure exposure coefficient K
z
Level Height above ground level, z (m) K
z
12 45.6 1.109
11 41.9 1.082
10 38.2 1.054
9 34.5 1.024
8 30.8 0.991
7 27.1 0.955
6 23.4 0.916
5 19.7 0.872
4 16.0 0.822
3 12.3 0.762
2 8.6 0.688
1 4.9 0.586
10
- 19 -
Step 4: Topographic factor, K
zt
Assuming the example building is situated on level
ground and not on a hill, ridge, or escarpment, K
zt
is
equal to 1.
- 20 -
ASCE Figure 6-4 Topographic factor, K
zt
11
- 21 -
ASCE Figure 6-4 Topographic factor, K
zt
- 22 -
Step 5: Gust effect factors, G and G
f
Gust effect factor depends on whether a building is
rigid or flexible (ASCE 6.5.8). A rigid building has a
fundamental natural frequency n
1
greater than or
equal to 1 Hz, while a flexible building has a
fundamental natural frequency less than 1 Hz
(ASCE 6.2).
12
- 23 -
N-S direction:
T
a
= 0.0488(45.6)
0.75
= 0.856 sec
(ASCE Eq. 12.8-7)
n
1
= 1/T
a
= 1.17 Hz > 1.0 Hz
Thus, the example building is rigid in N-S direction
and G = 0.85
- 24 -
E-W direction:
T
a
= 0.0466(45.6)
0.9
= 1.45 sec
n
1
= 1/T
a
= 0.7 Hz
Thus, the example building is flexible in E-W
direction.
13
- 25 -
ASCE Eq. 6-8
where,
- 26 -
intensity of turbulence at height
(ASCE Eq. 6-5 and Table 6-2 for Exposure B)
ASCE Eq. 6-9
14
- 27 -
= 0.6h z
min
= 0.6 45.6 = 27.36 m > z
min
= 9.14 m
(Table 6-2 for Exposure B)
background response
ASCE Eq. 6-6
- 28 -
integral length scale of turbulence at equivalent height
15
- 29 -
The resonant response factor R is computed from:
ASCE Eq. 6-10
damping ratio (assumed to be 0.01)
- 30 -
ASCE Eq. 6-11
N
1
= reduced frequency
ASCE Eq. 6-12
mean hourly wind speed at height
16
- 31 -
ASCE Eq. 6-13a
ASCE Eq. 6-13a
- 32 -
ASCE Eq. 6-13a
17
- 33 -
Step 6: Enclosure classification
It is assumed in this example that the building is
enclosed per IBC 1609.2, ASCE 6.5.9.
- 34 -
Step 7: Internal pressure coefficient, GC
pi
Internal pressure coefficients are to be determined
from ASCE Figure 6-5, based on building enclosure
classification.
For an enclosed building, GC
pi
= 0.18.
18
- 35 -
ASCE Figure 6-5 Internal pressure coefficient, GC
pi
- 36 -
Step 8: External pressure coefficients, C
p
N-S direction (ASCE Figure 6-6):
Windward wall: C
p
= 0.8
Leeward wall (L/B = 20.7/55.9 = 0.37): C
p
= -0.5
Side wall: C
p
= - 0.7
Roof (h/L = 45.6/20.7 = 2.2):
C
p
= -1.3 over entire roof (20.7m < h/2 = 22.8m).
May be reduced to 0.80 -1.3 = -1.04 for area
greater than 92.9 m
2
per ASCE Figure 6-6.
19
- 37 -
For wind in the E-W direction:
Windward wall: C
p
= 0.8
Leeward wall (L/B = 55.9/20.7 = 2.7): C
p
= -0.27
Side wall: C
p
= -0.7
Roof (h/L = 45.6/55.9 = 0.82):
C
p
= -1.0 from windward edge to h/2 = 22.8 m
C
p
= -0.78 from 22.8 m to h = 45.6 m
C
p
= -0.62 from 45.6 m to 55.9 m
- 38 -
ASCE Figure 6-6 External
Pressure Coefficient, C
p
for
MWFRS
20
- 39 -
ASCE Figure 6-6 C
p
for MWFRS: Walls
- 40 -
ASCE Figure 6-6 C
p
for MWFRS: Roofs
21
- 41 -
- 42 -
Step 9: Velocity pressure, q
z
The velocity pressure at height z is determined by
Eq. 6-15 in ASCE 6.5.10:
q
z
= 0.613 K
z
K
zt
K
d
V
2
I
where all terms have been defined previously.
ASCE Eq. 6-15
22
- 43 -
Velocity Pressure q
z
(V = 38 m/sec)
Level Height above ground level, z (m) K
z
q
z
(N/m
2
)
12 45.6 1.109 834
11 41.9 1.082 814
10 38.2 1.054 793
9 34.5 1.024 770
8 30.8 0.991 746
7 27.1 0.955 719
6 23.4 0.916 689
5 19.7 0.872 656
4 16.0 0.822 618
3 12.3 0.762 574
2 8.6 0.688 518
1 4.9 0.586 441
where q = q
z
for windward walls at height z above ground
q = q
h
for leeward walls, side walls, and roof, evaluated at height h
q
i
= q
h
for all walls and roofs of enclosed buildings
- 44 -
Step 10: Design wind pressure, p
For rigid buildings of all heights, design wind
pressures on the main wind-force-resisting system
are calculated by Eq. 6-17:
p = q GC
p
q
i
(GC
pi
) ASCE Eq. 6-17
23
- 45 -
Table: Design Wind Pressure in N-S Direction (V = 38 m/sec)
Location Level Height above
ground level,
z(m)
External Pressure Internal Pressure
q
(N/m
2
)
G C
p
qGC
p
(N/m
2
)
q
i
(N/m
2
)
GC
pi
q
i
GC
pi
(N/m
2
)
Windward 12 45.6 834 0.85 0.8 567 834 0.18 150
11 41.9 814 0.85 0.8 554 834 0.18 150
10 38.2 793 0.85 0.8 539 834 0.18 150
9 34.5 770 0.85 0.8 524 834 0.18 150
8 30.8 746 0.85 0.8 507 834 0.18 150
7 27.1 719 0.85 0.8 489 834 0.18 150
6 23.4 689 0.85 0.8 469 834 0.18 150
5 19.7 656 0.85 0.8 446 834 0.18 150
4 16.0 618 0.85 0.8 420 834 0.18 150
3 12.3 574 0.85 0.8 390 834 0.18 150
2 8.6 518 0.85 0.8 352 834 0.18 150
1 4.9 441 0.85 0.8 300 834 0.18 150
Leeward --- All 834 0.85 -0.5 -354 834 0.18 150
Side --- All 834 0.85 -0.7 -496 834 0.18 150
Roof --- 45.6 834 0.85 -1.04 -737 834 0.18 150
- 46 -
Table: Design Wind Forces in N-S Direction (V = 38 m/sec)
Level Height
above
ground
level, z (m)
Tributary
Height
(m)
Windward Leeward Total
Design
Wind Force
(kN)
External Design
Wind Pressure,
q
z
GC
p
(N/m
2
)
Design
Wind Force,
P* (kN)
External Design
Wind Pressure,
q
h
GC
p
(N/m
2
)
Design Wind
Force, P*
(kN)
12 45.6 1.9 567 60.2 -354 -37.6 97.9
11 41.9 3.7 554 114.5 -354 -73.3 187.8
10 38.2 3.7 539 111.5 -354 -73.3 184.8
9 34.5 3.7 524 108.3 -354 -73.3 181.6
8 30.8 3.7 507 104.9 -354 -73.3 178.2
7 27.1 3.7 489 101.1 -354 -73.3 174.4
6 23.4 3.7 469 96.9 -354 -73.3 170.3
5 19.7 3.7 446 92.3 -354 -73.3 165.6
4 16.0 3.7 420 87.0 -354 -73.3 160.3
3 12.3 3.7 390 80.7 -354 -73.3 154.0
2 8.6 3.7 352 72.8 -354 -73.3 146.1
1 4.9 4.3 300 72.1 -354 -85.2 157.3
*P = qGC
p
Tributary height 55.9 m
1958.3
24
- 47 -
For flexible buildings, ASCE Eq. 6-19 is to be used:
p = q G
f
C
p
q
i
(GC
pi
) ASCE Eq. 6-19
- 48 -
Table: Design Wind Pressure in E-W Direction (V = 38 m/sec)
Location Level Height above
ground
level,z(m)
External Pressure Internal Pressure
q
(N/m
2
)
G C
p
qGC
p
(N/m
2
)
q
i
(N/m
2
)
GC
pi
q
i
GC
pi
(N/m
2
)
Windward 12 45.6 834 0.89 0.8 594 834 0.18 150
11 41.9 814 0.89 0.8 580 834 0.18 150
10 38.2 793 0.89 0.8 565 834 0.18 150
9 34.5 770 0.89 0.8 548 834 0.18 150
8 30.8 746 0.89 0.8 531 834 0.18 150
7 27.1 719 0.89 0.8 512 834 0.18 150
6 23.4 689 0.89 0.8 491 834 0.18 150
5 19.7 656 0.89 0.8 467 834 0.18 150
4 16.0 618 0.89 0.8 440 834 0.18 150
3 12.3 574 0.89 0.8 408 834 0.18 150
2 8.6 518 0.89 0.8 369 834 0.18 150
1 4.9 441 0.89 0.8 314 834 0.18 150
Leeward --- All 834 0.89 -0.27 -200 834 0.18 150
Side --- All 834 0.89 -0.7 -520 834 0.18 150
Roof --- 45.6
*
834 0.89 -1.00 -742 834 0.18 150
--- 45.6
834 0.89 -0.78 -576 834 0.18 150

--- 45.6
834 0.89 -0.62 -460 834 0.18 150

*
from windward edge to 22.8 m,
from 22.8 m to 45.6 m,
from 45.6 m to 55.9 m

25
- 49 -
Table: Design Wind Forces in E-W Direction (V = 38 m/sec)
Level
Height
above
ground
level, z
(m)
Tributary
Height
(m)
Windward Leeward Total
Design
Wind
Force (kN)
External Design
Wind Pressure,
q
z
G
f
C
p
(N/m
2
)
Design
Wind
Force, P*
(kN)
External Design
Wind Pressure,
q
h
G
f
C
p
(N/m
2
)
Design
Wind Force,
P* (kN)
12 45.6 1.9 594 23.4 -200 -7.9 31.2
11 41.9 3.7 580 44.4 -200 -15.3 59.7
10 38.2 3.7 565 43.2 -200 -15.3 58.6
9 34.5 3.7 548 42.0 -200 -15.3 57.3
8 30.8 3.7 531 40.7 -200 -15.3 56.0
7 27.1 3.7 512 39.2 -200 -15.3 54.5
6 23.4 3.7 491 37.6 -200 -15.3 52.9
5 19.7 3.7 467 35.8 -200 -15.3 51.1
4 16.0 3.7 440 33.7 -200 -15.3 49.1
3 12.3 3.7 408 31.3 -200 -15.3 46.6
2 8.6 3.7 369 28.2 -200 -15.3 43.6
1 4.9 4.3 314 27.9 -200 -17.8 45.8
606.6
*P = qGC
p
Tributary height 20.7 m
- 50 -
Wind Load Analysis
Method of analysis
3-D analysis
Rigid diaphragms, rigid-end offsets
Stiffness properties
Beams : EI
eff
= 0.7 EI
g
Columns : EI
eff
= 1.0 EI
g
Shear walls : EI
eff
= 1.0 EI
g
P-delta effects
26
- 51 -
Wind Load Analysis
Load combination
1.4D (ACI Eq. 9-1)
1.2D + 1.6L (ACI Eq. 9-2)
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.8W (ACI Eq. 9-3)
1.2D + 0.5L + 1.6W (ACI Eq. 9-4)
0.9D + 1.6W (ACI Eq. 9-6)
- 52 -
Beam Design
7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
Beam C4 C5
Unit: mm
Beam dimension: 550 mm 550 mm
27
- 53 -
Beam Design
Table: Summary of Design Bending Moments and Shear Forces for Beam
C4-C5 at the Second Floor Level
Load Case Location Bending Moment
(kN-m)
Shear Force (kN)
Dead (D) Support -195 138
Midspan 110
Live (L) Support -69 48
Midspan 40
Wind
(W)
Case 1 (E-W) Support 35 10
Case 2 (E-W) support 26 7
Case 3 Support 26 7
Case 4 support 21 6
- 54 -
Beam Design
Table: Summary of Design Bending Moments and Shear Forces for Beam
C4-C5 at the Second Floor Level
Load combination Location Bending Moment (kN-m) Shear Force (kN)
1.4D Support -273 194
Midspan 154
1.2D + 1.6L Support -345 242
Midspan 196
1.2D + 1.6L 0.8W Support -373 250
-317 234
Midspan 196
1.2D + 0.5L 1.6W Support -325 205
-213 174
Midspan 152
0.9D 1.6W Support -231 140
-120 109
Midspan 99
28
- 55 -
Beam Design
Using No. 25 reinforcement and 10-mm stirrups:
d = 550 40 10 25/2 = 487.5 mm
Min. A
s
= (0.25 40
0.5
550487.5)/(420) = 1009 mm
2
= 1.4b
w
d/f
y
= 894 mm
2
(ACI 10.5.1)
Max. A
s
= (0.85
1
f
c
b
w
d/f
y
) (0.003/0.007)
= 7070 mm
2
(ACI 10.3.5)
Location
M
u
(kN-m)
A
s
(mm
2
)
Reinf.
M
n
(kN-m)
Support -373 2116 5-No.25 429
Midspan 196 1112 3-No.25 264
- 56 -
Beam Design
Shear design
Tributary area was calculated following ACI 13.6.8
(Factored shear in slab system with beams).
29
- 57 -
Beam Design
6.7 m
C
5 4
7.9 m
6.7 m
3.35 m 3.35 m 1.2 m
3.35 m
Beam tributary area
- 58 -
Beam Design
Total trapezoidal area tributary to beam =
2[1/2 (1.2 + 7.9) 3.35] = 30.5 m
2
Dead load = (0.224009.81/100030.5)+
(0.350.5524009.81/10007.25)+(230.5) =
237.5 kN
w
D
= 237.5 / 7.25 = 32.8 kN/m
30
- 59 -
Beam Design
Reduced floor live load =
= 2.08 kN/m
2
Live load = (2.08 + 1.0)30.5 = 94 kN
w
L
= 94 / 7.25 = 13.0 kN/m
- 60 -
Beam Design
V
u
= 250 kN at support (from the load combination
table for 1.2D + 1.6L +0.8W)
w
u
= 1.2w
D
+ 1.6 w
L
= 60.2 kN/m
V
u
= 250 60.20.488 = 220.6 kN at critical section
V
c
= 0.17(40)
0.5
550487.5/1000 = 288 kN
V
u
(= 220.6 kN) V
c
(216 kN) [ = 0.75]
31
- 61 -
Beam Design
Provide minimum shear reinforcement (ACI 11.4.6.3)
When using No.10 (A
s
=79 mm
2
) for stirrups,
s = (279420)/(0.06240
0.5
550) = 308 mm
= (279420)/(0.35550) = 345 mm
- 62 -
Beam Design
Maximum spacing:
d/2 = 510/2 = 255 mm (governs)
600 mm
Provide No.10 @ 250 mm at both ends of the beam.
Stirrup can be discontinued at section where V
u

V
c
/2. This occurs at 2.35 m from the face of the
support.
32
- 63 -
Beam Design
Reinforcing bar cutoff point
Cutoff 3 of the 5-No.25 top bars away from support
M
n
(2-No.25) = 177 kN-m
Try load combination: 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.8W
R
R
= (60.17.25
2
/2 + 373 317) / 7.25 = 225.6 kN
60.1(x
2
/2) 225.6x + 373 177 = 0
Cutoff point x = 1.0 m from face of support
- 64 -
Beam Design
w
u
= 1.2w
D
+ 1.6w
L
= 60.1 kN/m
M
-
=373 kN-m
M
-
=317 kN-m
7.25 m
210.1 kN 225.6 kN
R
R
R
L
x
Top reinforcing bar cutoff point
33
- 65 -
Beam Design
Reinforcing bar cutoff point
Cutoff 3 of the 5-No.25 top bars away from support
M
n
(2-No.25) = 177 kN-m
Try load combination: 0.9D + 1.6W
R
R
= (29.57.25
2
/2 + 231 120) / 7.25 = 122.2 kN
29.5(x
2
/2) 122.2x + 231 177 = 0
Cutoff point x = 0.47 m from face of support
- 66 -
Beam Design
w
u
= 0.9w
D
= 29.5 kN/m
M
-
=231 kN-m
M
-
=120 kN-m
7.25 m
91.7 kN 122.2 kN
R
R
R
L
x
Top reinforcing bar cutoff point
34
- 67 -
Beam Design
Governing Cutoff point x = 1.0 m from face of support
ACI 12.10.3
3-No.25 must extend a distance
d = 487.5 mm (governs) or
12d
b
= 12 x 25 = 300 mm
beyond the distance x = 1.0 m
Thus, total required bar length = 1.0 + 0.49 = 1.49 m; use
1.5 m
- 68 -
Beam Design
ACI 12.10.4
3-No.25 must extend a full development length l
d
beyond the face of the support
35
- 69 -
Beam Design
where,
t
= reinforcement location factor = 1.3 for top bars
e
= coating factor = 1.0 for uncoated bars
s
= reinforcement size factor = 1.0 for No.25 bars
= lightweight aggregate factor = 1.0
c
b
= spacing or cover dimension
(governs)
- 70 -
Beam Design
(c
b
+ K
tr
)/d
b
= (53 + 0)/25 = 2.12 < 2.5
l
d
= 0.92 < 1.5 m
Retain cutoff length of 1.5 m
36
- 71 -
Beam Design
ACI 12.10.5
Flexural reinforcement terminated in a tension zone:
Point of inflection is 4.6 m from face of support >
1.5 m
Check ACI 12.10.5.1:
If V
u
(cutoff point) 2V
n
/3, tension reinforcement
can be terminated there
- 72 -
Beam Design
V
n
= (V
c
+ V
s
) = (V
c
+ A
v
f
yt
d/s )
= 0.75 [288 + (157420487.5)/(1000x250)]
= 312 kN
2V
n
/3 = 208 kN
V
u
@ 1.5 m from face of support = 225.6 (60.1 1.5)
= 135 kN < 208 kN
Therefore, 3-No.25 bars can be terminated at 1.5 m
from face of support
37
- 73 -
Beam Design
Structural integrity reinforcement (ACI 7.13.2.5)
Other than perimeter beams, when closed stirrups
are not provided
At least one-quarter of positive reinforcement
required at midspan, but not less than two bars,
shall be continuous or spliced with Class B
tension splices over the supports
- 74 -
Beam Design
38
- 75 -
Column Design
7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
Column C4
Unit: mm
Column dimension: 650 mm 650 mm
- 76 -
Column Design
Table: Summary of Design Axial force, Bending Moments, and Shear
Forces for Column C4 Supporting the Second Floor
Load Case Axial
Forces (kN)
Bending
Moment (kN-m)
Shear Force (kN)
Dead (D) 5701 0 0
Live (L) 1100 0 0
Wind
(W)
Case 1 0 35 21
Case 2 0 26 15
Case 3 9 26 15
Case 4 6 21 12
39
- 77 -
Column Design
Table: Summary of Design Axial force, Bending Moments, and Shear
Forces for Column C4 Supporting the Second Floor
Load Case Axial
Forces (kN)
Bending
Moment (kN-m)
Shear Force (kN)
1.4D 7981 0 0
1.2D + 1.6L 8601 0 0
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.8W
(Wind Case 1)
8601 28 17
1.2D + 0.5L + 1.6W
(Wind Case 1)
7391 56 34
0.9D - 1.6W
(Wind Case 1)
5131 -56 -34
- 78 -
Column Design
Design for axial force and bending
650 650 mm column with 12 - No.28 bars
g
= 1.75 % > 1.0 % O.K.
< 8.0 % O.K.
40
- 79 -
Column Design
- 80 -
Column Design
Shear design
where N
u
= 5131 kN is the smallest axial force
corresponding to the largest shear force on the
section and d = 650 40 10 28/2 = 586 mm
ACI Eq. (11-4)
41
- 81 -
Column Design
V
u
(= 34 kN) < V
c
/2 = (0.75765)/2 = 287 kN
Transverse reinforcement requirements must satisfy
ACI 7.10.5, with No.10 ties, the vertical spacing of
the ties must not exceed the least of the following:
16(longitudinal bar diameter) = 1628 = 448 mm (governs)
48(tie bar diameter) = 4810 = 480 mm
Least column dimension = 650 mm
- 82 -
Column Design
Use No.10 ties @ 400 mm with the first tie located
vertically not more than 400/2 = 200 mm above the
top of the slab and not more than 75 mm below the
lowest horizontal reinforcement in the beams (ACI
7.10.5.4 and 7.10.5.5)
42
- 83 -
Column Design
Splice length of longitudinal reinforcement
ACI 12.17.2.1
From the P-M interaction diagram, it can be seen that
the column reinforcement is in compression for all
load combinations. As a result, lap splice length is
determined in accordance with ACI 12.16.1.
- 84 -
Column Design
ACI 12.16.1
For f
y
= 420 MPa and f
c
= 40 MPa,
l
dc
= 0.071f
y
d
b
= 0.071x420x28 = 835 mm
43
- 85 -
Column Design
ACI 12.17.2.4
In both directions of the cross-section:
0.0015hs = 0.0015x650x400 = 390 mm
2
Area of ties provided in both direction:
A
v
= 3-legged No.10 = 3x79 = 237 mm
2
< 0.0015hs
Thus, lap splice length cannot be reduced by a factor
of 0.83.
- 86 -
Column Design
Provide 850 mm splice length
44
- 87 -
Column Design
- 88 -
Shear Wall Design
7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900 7900
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
6
7
0
0
Shear Wall
Unit: mm
45
- 89 -
Shear Wall Design
Table: Summary of Design Axial forces, Bending Moments, and Shear
Forces at the Base of the Shear Wall on Line 7
Load Case Axial
Force (kN)
Bending
Moment (kN-m)
Shear Force
(kN)
Dead (D) 15,885 0 0
Live (L) 2539 0 0
Wind
(W)
Case 1 0 13,376 897
Case 2 0 14,211 955
Case 3 45 10,034 673
Case 4 34 11,021 741
- 90 -
Shear Wall Design
Table: Summary of Design Axial forces, Bending Moments, and Shear
Forces at the Base of the Shearwall on Line 7
Load Case Axial
Forces (kN)
Bending
Moment (kN-m)
Shear Force
(kN)
1.4D 22,239 0 0
1.2D + 1.6L 23,124 0 0
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.8W
(Wind Case 2)
23,124 11,369 764
1.2D + 0.5L + 1.6W
(Wind Case 2)
20,332 22,738 1528
0.9D - 1.6W
(Wind Case 2)
14,297 -22,738 -1528
46
- 91 -
Shear Wall Design
Shear design
The shear strength of the concrete is determined in
accordance with ACI 11.9.5 for walls subjected to
axial compression:
V
c
= 0.17(40)
0.5
3005880/1000 = 1897 kN
where, d = 0.8l
w
= 0.8x7350 = 5880 mm
- 92 -
Shear Wall Design
V
c
= 0.75x1897 = 1423 kN < V
u
= 1528 kN
Horizontal shear reinforcement shall be provided in
accordance with ACI 11.9.9.
Because the wall is more than 250 mm thick, two
layers of reinforcement is necessary in accordance
with ACI 14.3.4.
47
- 93 -
Shear Wall Design
According to ACI 11.9.9.3, spacing of horizontal
reinforcement shall not exceed
l
w
/5 = 7350/5 = 1470 mm,
3h = 3 300 = 900 mm, or
450 mm. (governs)
- 94 -
Shear Wall Design
According to ACI 11.9.9.2, ratio of horizontal shear
reinforcement shall not be less than 0.0025.
With 2 layers of No.14 bars, spacing required:
s = (2 154) / (300 0.0025) = 411 mm
Provide 2-No. 14 horizontal bars @ 400 mm
(
t
= 0.00257).
48
- 95 -
Shear Wall Design
By ACI 11.9.3, shear strength V
n
at any horizontal
section must be less than or equal to
0.83(40)
0.5
30058801/1000 = 9260 kN
V
n
= V
c
+ V
s
= 1897 + (2 1544205880)/(4001000)
= 3799 kN < 9260 kN O.K.
- 96 -
Shear Wall Design
The ratio of vertical shear reinforcement area to gross
concrete area of horizontal section shall not be less
than 0.0025 nor the value obtained by Eq. (11-30)
(ACI 11.9.9.4):
l
= 0.0025 + 0.5(2.5-h
w
/l
w
)(
t
0.0025)
= 0.0025 + 0.5 (2.5-45.6/7.35)(0.00257-0.0025)
= 0.00237
49
- 97 -
Shear Wall Design
According to ACI 11.9.9.5, spacing of vertical
reinforcement shall not exceed
l
w
/5 = 7450/5 = 1490 mm
3h = 3 300 = 900 mm or
450 mm
Provide 2-No. 14 vertical bars @ 400 mm
(
l
= 0.00257)
- 98 -
Shear Wall Design
The provided vertical and horizontal reinforcement
satisfy the requirements of ACI 14.3.2 and 14.3.3 for
minimum ratio of vertical and horizontal
reinforcement to gross concrete area, respectively,
and ACI 14.3.5 for maximum bar spacing.
50
- 99 -
Shear Wall Design
In accordance with ACI 14.4, the shear wall is
designed for combined flexure and axial load as a
compression member following the provisions of
ACI 10.2, 10.3, 10.10, 10.11, 10.14, 14.2, and 14.3.
- 100 -
Shear Wall Design
The wall is reinforced with 12-No. 28 bars in the 650
650 mm columns at both ends of the wall and 2-
No.14 vertical bars @ 400 mm in the web.
51
- 101 -
Shear Wall Design
- 102 -
Shear Wall Design
Development length of horizontal reinforcement
where,
t
= reinforcement location factor = 1.0
e
= coating factor = 1.0 for uncoated bars
s
= reinforcement size factor = 0.8 for No.14 bar
= lightweight aggregate factor = 1.0
52
- 103 -
Shear Wall Design
c
b
= spacing or cover dimension
(c
b
+ K
tr
)/d
b
= (27 + 0)/14 = 1.93 < 2.5
(governs)
- 104 -
Shear Wall Design
Required l
d
(= 347 mm) can be accommodated within
the 650 mm dimension of columns, so that hooks
are not needed at the ends of the bars.
53
- 105 -
Shear Wall Design
- 106 -
Question and Answer Session
If you are encountering technical difficulties, please call 00 1 847 991 2700
54
- 107 -
Thank You!!
For more information
Chicago Main Office
334 East Colfax Street, Unit E
Palatine, IL 60067
Phone: (847) 991-2700
Fax: (847) 991-2702
Email: skghoshinc@gmail.com
Southern California Office
43 Vantis Drive
Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
Phone: (949) 249-3739
Fax: (949) 249-3989
Email: susandowty@gmail.com

Reinforced Concrete Design in Compliance With ACI 318M-08 Part 14: Building Design Example - Design For Wind

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Reinforced Concrete Design in Compliance With ACI 318M-08 Part 14: Building Design Example - Design For Wind

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Reinforced Concrete Design

in Compliance with ACI 318M-08

834 0.89 -0.78 -576 834 0.18 150

834 0.89 -0.62 -460 834 0.18 150

from 22.8 m to 45.6 m,

from 45.6 m to 55.9 m

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