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Conjunctive Adverbs for English Learners
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Conjunctive adverbs are used at the beginning of a sentenceto connect sentences together. They are an
alternative to using such as 'because' or 'even though' in , subordinating conjunctions complex sentences
or (FANBOYS) in . These various written forms add coordinating conjunctions compound sentences
variety to your writing. Learn these (structures used to express the same idea) to equivalencies avoid
. repetition in writing
These conjunctive adverbs are arranged into categories with a short explanation and an examples of
connected sentences for each.
Result
Conjunctive adverbs introducing a result introduces what effects the previous sentence(s) will have.
Accordingly
We need a new director. we have engaged a headhunter. Accordingly,
Hence
The students had reviewed everything carefully. they got very high marks on the exam. Hence,
Therefore
The production costs were very high in this country. we decided to manufacture our products Therefore,
abroad.
Consequently
She was very much in love with him. when he proposed, she immediately said, "Yes, I Consequently,
will!"
Thus
The company felt it needed some help with the marketing of their new product. they hired an Thus,
advertising consultant.
Subsequently
We tried to contact the client a number of times without success. the client's contact Subsequently,
information was dropped from the list.
Providing More Information
These conjunctive adverbs are used to provide more information related to the previous sentence(s).
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Additionally
We need to invest in a new strategy. we'll hire a number of new employees. Additionally,
Also
The man considered his career choices. he took his wife's advice into consideration. Also,
Further
I reviewed the grammar section for this test. Further, I studied together with my classmate to prepare.
Furthermore
The boss felt the employees needed to change their work habits. he insisted they begin Furthermore,
work one half an hour earlier in order to avoid traffic jams.
In addition
I would like to purchase a new computer. I think I should get a printer. In addition,
Besides
I'd prefer not to travel this weekend. the weather won't be nice. Besides,
Being Specific
Sometimes you'll need to add specific detail as a means of emphasis. Use these two conjunctive adverbs
to introduce the specifics.
Indeed
The economy has been rough for everyone. almost 60% of the population is earning less now Indeed,
than they did in 2007.
Namely
Portland was famous for natural products. Portland was the center of logging operations during Namely,
the late 1800s.
Comparing
These conjunctive adverbs are used to point out similarities and differences between people, products or
data.
Comparatively
Peters and Co. offer an excellent product. Thomas Inc. products are very expensive Comparatively,
indeed!
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In comparison
Our package is all inclusive. you'll find other companies offer only the flight and In comparison,
accommodations.
Likewise
The students are enthused about the new history course. our teachers can't wait to begin Likewise,
teaching the new materials.
Similarly
Learning a language requires a keep grasp of the underlying grammar. learning a new Similarly,
programming language requires an understanding of basic code.
Contrasting
If differences are significant, use these conjunctive adverbs to contrast information.
Conversely
Alan decided not to continue on the project. Harry is very enthusiastic and would like to keep Conversely,
on working on this.
However
The teacher felt the test was rather easy. the students felt the test was very difficult. However,
In contrast
The end of the year tends to be a time to reflect. January encourages us to look forward to In contrast,
the future.
Yet
Alan was enthused about the new project. he wondered if John was capable of managing the team. Yet,
Stating an Unexpected Result
At times a result is unexpected. In this case, these conjunctive adverbs bring out a surprising turn.
Nevertheless
The company invested millions in developing the product. it was a complete failure in the Nevertheless,
market.
Nonetheless
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You might think that his lack of preparation for the test was a problem. he passed the test Nonetheless,
with some of the best marks in the class.
Instead
Anna first wanted to become a nurse. she became a truck driver. Instead,
Otherwise
Make sure to review the grammar for the test. you'll have problems with verb conjugation. Otherwise,
Sequencing
Use these linking words to express the beginning, next steps and end of a topic.
To begin with
Today's meeting concerned the construction of the new gym. Mr. Meyers reported on the To begin with,
last week's survey results.
Initially
We plan to build a new facility in Hillsboro. Initially, we will hire 200 employees.
Next
Tighten each nut snuggly. place the cover over the tank and close. Next,
After that
We spent a wonderful weekend in Canon Beach. we drove to Mt. Hood for a few days of After that,
skiing.
Finally
Once you've prepared the sauce you can cook the pasta. garnish with parsley and sprinkle Finally,
parmesan cheese to taste.
Eventually
Each step should be completed on schedule. we will finish this project. Eventually,
Henceforth
The decision has been made. the company will require employees to wear a uniform. Henceforth,
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