Efficient Water Distribution Presentation

Modelling Toois Dinamis dan studi kasus di water
gems. Misalnya scheduling pompa, hidran pembila

san, darwin calibrator untuk deteksi kebocoran
dan pengaturan katup dengan menghubungkan
permintaan data secara real time
Pedro Pina, Water Industry Solution
Architect, Bentley Systems
2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Rangkuman

Pandangan atas masalah
Alat seadanya
Features Update
Examples
2 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Masalah

Data

Report

Persiapan Input

Simulation/
Analysis

Verification
Features

Input/Integrasi Data
- Pengembangan Model
- SCADA Connect
- Water Objects

Simulation/Analsys
- Model Calibration
- Leakage Detection
- Close Valve Detection
- Pump Optimization
- Data Logger Placement
Input - Model Builder

CAD, GIS, Table
Data

ModelBuilder

WaterGems/CAD
Connectivity Issues

Pipes without end nodes

Pipes that do not connect but should

Pipes that appear to connect but are not

Pipes that cross without junctions
Complex Demand Paterns

SCADA
Input - SCADA Connect
Input - Water Objects

.NET Development Environment
Means of extending capability of model
Can do
- Pre-processing
- Post-processing
- Add engines
Real Time modelling

Current Time
Water Objects Examples
Available Tools

Commercially Available
- Model Calibration
- Leakage Detection
- Closed Valve Detection
- Pump Optimization
- Pipe Renewal Planning and Optimization

Prototypes (also available under conditions)
- Fire Hydrant/Flushing optimization
- Data logger optimization
- Improved Pump Optimization
Darwin Calibrator - Calibration
Module Including in WaterGEMS - Addition in WaterCAD

Theory of natural selection developed
in the 70s
Applied to water systems in the 90s
Optimization through genetic
algorithms
Uses multiple field data sets to
calibrate: Roughness, Demands and
States
It generates tests of successive
populations
Comparison of Field data:
The strong will survive
-Pressures or gradients at nodes
-Flows in pipes, pumps, and valves
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Leak Detection Model Overview

Data-driven models
- Apply data-driven modeling methods, e.g. statistics/
regression methods, artificial neural network, support
vector machine etc.
- Purely based on data analysis (pressures and flows) to
uncover new abnormalities as possible new pipe bursts
- Unable to detect the leaks that have already existed in
the system
Physics-based models
- Simulate leakage through network hydraulic model
- Model leakage as pressure dependent demand for known
leakages
- Key is to predict the whereabouts and size of leaks
throughout a distribution system
14 | WWW.BENTLEY.COM
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Perfect Hydraulic Modeling
120.00

120.00
100.00

100.00
80.00

80.00
60.00
00:00 08:00
Model
16:00
Field Test
00:00

60.00
00:00 08:00 16:00 00:00
KALL2 Source

120.00
120.00

100.00
100.00

80.00
80.00

60.00
00:00 08:00 16:00 00:00 60.00
Model Field Test
00:00 08:00 16:00 00:00
Model Field Test
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Model Calibration

Demand
Leakage
Actual HGL

100 gpm
Calibration Time

Pre Calibration

Post Calibration

80 gpm
Modelled HGL

HGL

80 gpm

A B

C
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Leakage Hydraulics

HGL

Leakage is allocated to the
node in a model Q1 =k1 (p1)^n

Leakage Q
i
is pressure dependent, given as emitter flow as above
K
i
is the emitter coefficient to be optimized as leakage indicator

K
i
> 0 indicates a leakage at node i, while K
i
= 0 indicate no leakage
at node i.
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Parameter Identification
Genetic Algorithm based network calibration/optimization
tool
Made up of a GA (Darwin Calibrator) and hydraulic
engine
Has three functionalities
- Demand based calibration
- Pressure Dependent based calibration
Leakage Hotspot Detection
The GA optimizes any combination of:
- Nodal outflow (Consumption and/or Leakage)
- Links roughness
- Links operational status
Attempts to generate nodal heads and flow rates that best
matches recorded field data
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Enable Active Water Loss Control

Predict the location and size of water losses (both real
and apparent)
Guide field engineer to quickly locate leaky pipes
and/or apparent water losses

Field personnel can focus on area(s)
detected by Darwin Calibrator
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Integrated Framework Darwin Calibrator
for Leakage Detection & Model Calibration
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Real DMA Leakage Detection

Darwin Calibrator for leakage detection
28 observed pressure points and total
inflow into the system

Apply it to water
systems in UK
Optimize emitter flow
Predict leakage hotspots

Minimize leak detection
uncertainty

Facilitate a better
detection rate

Narrow down leakage
spots
21

Case I
Leak repaired, 10 l/s saving
Posi-Tect &
field survey
Forest Farm

Leakage spots
identified with
Darwin Calibrator
22
Case I (cont)
Historical leak
Predicted leak
23
Case I (cont)

Historical leak
Predicted leak
24
Case I (cont)
Historical leak
Predicted leak
25
Case I (cont)

Historical leak
Predicted leak
26
Closed Valve Detection
27
Pump Optimization

Tank Supply

Pump
Station
28
CSP Case Study (Wu, Woodward & Allen 2009)
DMZ system
57 Ml/day
11 pump
stations and 9
tanks
Energy cost:
330K/year
Recorded daily
energy cost:
912
Modeled daily
energy cost:
923
Energy Cost comparison
Pump Existing controls Optimized controls
Pump utilization
ID (%) Daily cost () Pump utilization (%) Daily cost ()
X2420052_ 100 181.99 100 181.73
X2420014_ 40 142.11 41 120.51
X2420075_ 42 201.95 37 141.19
X2410361_ 50 31.99 42 22.65
X2419963_ 50 31.99 42 22.65
X241998C_ 26 7.92 31 5.18
X2450024_ 40 37.35 21 13.87
PILWTH 82 236.19 40 98.33
NEWMRKT 23 111.63 22 88.98
Total cost() 983.12 695.10
Overall saving is 29% of original energy cost
By shifting pumping hours and increasing supply of 3.5 Ml/d from
gravity source
Pipe Renewal Planning and Design
Optimization

Condition assessment tool
Tool to rank pipe links based on several aspects
Calculate a score for each aspect
Combine scores for overall ranking
Part of WaterGEMS, or WaterCAD add-on
Results display tools
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Workflow
Pipe Score

Pipe Break
History

Break
Analysis

Normalized
Break Score

System Inventory

Model

Fire Flow Criticality
Analysis Analysis

Normalized Normalized
Fire Score Criticality Score

Other Property
Of Interest

Analysis

Normalized
Score

Weighting

Overall
Score
32
Color Coding by Score
33
Rehabilitation Optimization
34
Available Tools

Comercially Available
- Model Calibration
- Leakage Detection
- Closed Valve Detection
- Pump Optimization
- Pipe Renewal Planning and Optimization

Prototypes (also available under conditions)
- Fire Hydrant/Flushing optimization
- Data logguer optimization
- Improved Pump Optimization
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A New Paradigm

Heterogeneous
CPU Advancement
Computing
Single-core Many-core

Homogeneous
Computing
CP CP
U U
1 N

U Coh

General
purpose

Graphics
driver
GP
U

Memor
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Accelerated Modeling
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

2.84

1.51

48 hr 96 hr
CPU GPU
3.94
3.52

144 hr 192 hr
SpeedUp
1500
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

3.94 4

1000 2.46

500

0
14K Pipes
CPU
3
2
1
0
81K Pipes
GPU
SpeedUp Linear (SpeedUp)
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Data-Driven Model

Big data, big opportunity
Data information
Capture data relationships
Fast ANN model
training/calibration

765
Host CPU Neural Computing on GPU

Upload
data to
GPU
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
On CPU
Read
from
GPU

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On GPU
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Pump Scheduling
Optimize pump operation
Minimize energy cost

Fitness

Solutio
n

Respon
se
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Accelerated Pump Scheduling

Fitness

Solutio
n

Trained A

Respon
se
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Flushing Problem

Opening hydrant changes head loss and flow
velocity of pipes, which is useful
- Greater the change, more helpful for the model
calibration
- Changing velocity helps remove bad accumulations
in the pipe
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Very common operation in practice
Hydrant Selection - Find Best
Hydrants To Open

We dont want to open all hydrants <- Limited number of hydrants should be
opened
Which one to open? -> Affect as much as possible pipes [Efficiency]
How many to open? -> Require as few as possible [Cost]
How much hydrant flow should be used? -> Smaller the better
42
Case study
Use Hydrant Selection
Tool to find optimal
combination of
hydrants
- A water system with 429
pipes
- Currently 8 hydrants are
selected for flow testing,
selected by experience
- Head loss change
threshold: 0.1 m H2O
(0.14psi)
- Hydrant Flow Range: 32
- 126, Interval: 4
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Sum of Pipe Lengths Comparison
Current 8 Hydrants Optimum 8 Hydrants
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Sum of Pipe Lengths / Total Pipe
Lengths Comparison
Optimal VS Existing 8
90.00%

80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%
40.00%
Optimal
Existing 8
30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12 20
Number of open hydrants
Optimal solution outperforms existing 8
hydrant setting with even 2 hydrants
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Logguer Placement
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Logguer Placement
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Aknowlegments

http://inside/bsw/AppliedResearch/Watertown/S
itePages/Home.aspx
Zheng Wu et al. 2011,2012,2114

48

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Modelling Toois Dinamis dan studi kasus di water

gems. Misalnya scheduling pompa, hidran pembila

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