Physiology quiz 4 summer

1. Under normal circumstances, an increase in transpulmonary

pressure will result in (4.0 Score )
A.a collapsed lung.
B.exhalation/expiration.
C.inhalation/inspiration.
D.all of these things.
E.none of these things.

2. Compared to healthy people who live at sea level, arterial PO2 is
lower in people who (4.0 Score )
A.Both live at high altitude and have pulmonary edema are correct.
B.have pulmonary edema.
C.have iron-deficiency anemia.
D.live at high altitude.
E.All of the choices are correct.

3. That the lung surface and the thoracic wall will move in and out
together, rather than separately, during ventilation is assured by
the (4.0 Score )
A.intrapleural fluid.
B.exhalatory/expiratory intercostal muscles.
C.diaphragm.
D.inhalatory/inspiratory intercostal muscles.
E.alveoli.

4. Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary
surfactant is true? (4.0 Score )
A.Both it is secreted by type I alveolar cells and it increases the compliance of
the lungs are true.
B.It decreases airway resistance.
C.It is secreted by type I alveolar cells.
D.It increases the compliance of the lungs.
E.Both it increases the compliance of the lungs and it decreases airway
resistance are true.

5. Inhalation/inspiration occurs as a result of (4.0 Score )
A.a downward movement of the diaphragm.
B.movement of the ribs closer together due to contraction of the
inspiratory/inhalatory intercostal muscles.
C.an upward movement of the diaphragm.
D.an upward movement of the diaphragm and movement of the ribs closer
together due to contraction of the inspiratory/inhalatory intercostal muscles.
E.movement of the ribs closer together due to contraction of the
inspiratory/inhalatory intercostal muscles and a downward movement of the
diaphragm.

6. During an unforced exhalation/expiration, all of the following are
true except (4.0 Score )
A.intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
B.alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
C.transpulmonary pressure decreases.
D.the diaphragm relaxes.
E.lung volume decreases.

7. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the chemical combination of (4.0
Score )
A.H+ and HCO3-.
B.H2O and CO.
C.H2O and O2.
D.H2O and CO2.
E.none of these choices.

8. Asthma is caused by (4.0 Score )
A.inflammation of the bronchioles.
B.loss of alveoli.
C.elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure.
D.loss of alveoli and inflammation of the bronchioles.
E.loss of alveoli and elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric
pressure.

9. Hemoglobin (4.0 Score )
A.has a higher affinity for H+ when in the deoxy state.
B.has a higher affinity for oxygen during exercise due to increased
temperature and decreased pH.
C.increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
D.Both has a higher affinity for H+ when in the deoxy state and increases the
oxygen-carrying capacity of blood are correct.
E.Both increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and has a higher
affinity for oxygen during exercise due to increased temperature and
decreased pH are correct.

10. Lung compliance is reduced in (4.0 Score )
A.emphysema.
B.respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and prolonged shallow
breathing.
C.prolonged shallow breathing.
D.respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.
E.all of the choices are correct.

11. In order for the lungs to function normally, the intrapleural
pressure must (4.0 Score )
A.be lower than alveolar pressure.
B.change as the respiratory demands of the body change.
C.alternate between being less than and greater than atmospheric pressure.
D.be between +5 and +10 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure.
E.be the same as atmospheric pressure.

12. Which of the following drugs, administered as an aerosol spray,
would be most likely to help a victim of an asthmatic attack? (4.0
Score )
A.pulmonary surfactant
B.a muscarinic agonist
C.a beta-adrenergic agonist
D.histamine
E.a beta-adrenergic antagonist

13. During a physical examination, Joe learns that his resting tidal
volume is 500 ml; his average resting respiratory rate is 12 breaths
per minute; his total lung capacity is 6000 ml; and his anatomic
dead space is 150 ml. Joe's resting alveolar ventilation(4.0 Score )
A.4.2 L/min.
B.6.0 L/min.
C.72.0 L/min.
D.1.8 L/min.
E.0.5 L/min

14. In an average-size subject with a resting breathing rate of 10
breaths per minute at sea level, what is the approximate alveolar O2
ventilation in liters? (4.0 Score )
A.5
B.3.5
C.0.7
D.1.5
E.0.2

15. The bronchi and bronchioles (4.0 Score )
A.account for the total dead space in the lungs.
B.increase surface area for gas exchange.
C.are part of the anatomic dead space.
D.Both are part of the anatomic dead space and increase surface area for gas
exchange are correct.
E.Both increase surface area for gas exchange and account for the total dead
space in the lungs are correct.

16. Regarding the partial pressures of O2 and CO2, which of the
following statements is not true in a normal person at rest? (4.0
Score )
A.PCO2in air is less than alveolar PCO2.
B.Alveolar PO2 is greater than the PO2in the pulmonary capillaries.
C.PCO2 in the systemic veins exceeds systemic arterial PCO2.
D.Atmospheric PO2is greater than alveolar PO2.
E.PCO2 in the systemic arteries exceeds systemic venous PCO2.

17. Which of the following is not true regarding ventilation-
perfusion inequality? (4.0 Score )
A.It does not exist in normal lungs.
B.It is caused by too little or too much blood flow relative to ventilation.
C.It is increased in emphysema.
D.It may result from increased alveolar dead space.
E.It is caused by too little or too much ventilation relative to blood flow.

18. Which of the following would cause a decrease in the binding
affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen? (4.0 Score )
A.increased ph of the blood
B.Both increased ph of the blood and increased temperature of the blood are
correct.
C.decreased dpg levels in erythrocytes
D.increased temperature of the blood
E.Both increased temperature of the blood and decreased dpg levels in
erythrocytes are correct.

19. According to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, (4.0
Score )
A.both the greater the PO2of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2
from hemoglobin and at normal systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost
100% saturated are correct.
B.at normal systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated.
C.at normal systemic venous PO2, only about 25% of the hemoglobin is in
the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
D.the greater the PO2of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2 from
hemoglobin.
E.both at normal systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated
and at normal systemic venous PO2, only about 25% of the hemoglobin is in
the form of deoxyhemoglobin are correct.

20. The volume of air flowing into the alveoli during
inhalation/inspiration is increased when there is an increase in (4.0
Score )
A.the rate of action potential firing in the motor neurons to the
inhalatory/inspiratory muscles.
B.the pressure gradient from the atmosphere to the alveoli.
C.airway resistance.
D.airway resistance and the pressure gradient from the atmosphere to the
alveoli.
E.the pressure gradient from the atmosphere to the alveoli and the rate of
action potential firing in the motor neurons to the inhalatory/inspiratory
muscles.

21. Which of the following statements about the response of
arteriolar smooth muscle to changing oxygen partial pressures is
true? (4.0 Score )
A.Both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by
dilating.
B.Both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by
constricting.
C.Systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary
arterioles constrict in response to decreased PO2.
D.Systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting but
pulmonary arterioles dilate in response to decreased PO2.
E.None of the choices are true.

22. The type II alveolar cells are important because they (4.0 Score
)
A.secrete mucus.
B.produce surfactant.
C.phagocytize bacteria and other foreign particles.
D.do all of these things.
E.do none of these things.

23. Which of the following statements regarding the transport of
CO2 in blood is true? (4.0 Score )
A.Some of the CO2 in blood is bound to hemoglobin.
B.Most of the CO2 in blood is converted to another molecule.
C.Some of the CO2 in blood is dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes.
D.Some of the CO2 in blood is dissolved in plasma.
E.All of the these statements are true.


24. Most of the CO2 that is transported in blood is (4.0 Score )
A.in bicarbonate ion.
B.bound to hemoglobin.
C.in carbonic acid.
D.dissolved in the plasma.
E.in carbonic anhydrase.

25. Compared to normal people, people suffering from hypoxic
hypoxia will have (4.0 Score )
A.elevated plasma concentration of erythropoietin and a higher hematocrit.
B.a higher hematocrit.
C.higher arterial PO2 values.
D.elevated plasma concentration of erythropoietin.
E.All of the choices are correct.