LIMITING REAGENT Practice Problems

1. At high temperatures, sulfur combines with iron to form the brown-black iron (II) sulfide:
Fe (s) ! (l) Fe! (s)
In one e"periment, #.$% g of Fe are allowed to react with &.$# g of !.
a. 'hat is the limiting reagent, and what is the reactant in e"cess(
b. )alculate the mass of Fe! formed.
%. Arc*lonitrile, )+,+-, is the starting material for the production of a kind of s*nthetic fiber
acr*lics) and can be made from prop*lene, )+,$, b* reaction with nitric o"ide, -., as follows:
/ )+,$ (g) $ -. (g) 0 / )+,+- (s) $ ,%. (l) -% (g)
'hat mass of )+,+- can be made when %1.$ g of )+,$ react with %1.$ g of nitric o"ide(
+. )alculate the percent *ield for the reaction: 1/ (s) $ )l% (g) 0 / 1)l+ (l) if #2.3 g of
phosphorus reacts with e"cess chlorine gas to produce 111.3 g of phosphorus trichloride.
/. Formic acid, ,),.%, burns in o"*gen to form carbon dio"ide and water as follows:
,),.% (a4) .% (g) 0 % ).% (g) % ,%. (l).
If a +.12-g sample of formic acid was burned in %.3 5 of o"*gen, what 6olume of carbon dio"ide
would be produced( (Assume the reaction occurs at standard temperature and pressure, !71.)
2. 8inc metal reacts with h*drochloric acid to produce 9inc chloride and h*drogen gas.
a. :alance the following reaction: 8n (s) ,)l (a4) 0 8n)l% (a4) ,% (g)
b. A +.23-g sample of 9inc metal is allowed to react with %.23 g of h*drochloric acid.
)omplete the following table:
;eactants<products 8n (grams) ,)l (grams) 8n)l% (grams) ,% (5)
:efore reaction
After reaction 1.%$ g
$. )onsider the reaction: =n.% / ,)l 0 =n)l% )l% % ,%.
If 3./2 mols of =n.% can react with /&.% g of ,)l, how man* grams of )l% could be produced(
#. .ne of the components of the fuel mi"ture on the Apollo lunar module in6ol6ed a reaction with
h*dra9ine, -%,/, and dinitrogen tetrao"ide, -%./. If the balanced e4uation for this reaction is
% -%,/ (l) -%./ (g) 0 + -% (g) / ,%. (g),
'hat 6olume of -% gas (measured at !71) would result from the reaction of 1233 kg of h*dra9ine
and 1333 kg of -%./(
&. )alculate the percent *ield for an e"periment in which 2.23 g of !.)l% was obtained in a reaction
of 2.&3 g of !.% with e"cess 1)l2. >se the following e4uation:
!.% (l) 1)l2 (l) 0 !.)l% (l) 1.)l+ (l).
?. )hlorine gas reacts with silica, !i.%, and carbon to gi6e silicon tetrachloride and carbon
mono"ide.
a. :alance the following e4uation: )l% (g) !i.% (s) ) (s) 0 !i)l/ (l) ). (g)
b. ,ow much ). gas can be produced from 12.3 g of silica(
13. 'hen iron (II) h*dro"ide is mi"ed with phosphoric acid, iron (II) phosphate precipitate results.
a. :alance the following e4uation: Fe(.,)% (a4) ,+1./ (a4) 0 Fe+(1./)% (s) ,%. (l)
b. If +.%3 g of Fe(.,)% is treated with %.23 g of phosphoric acid, what is the limiting reagent
and what is the reactant in e"cess(
c. ,ow man* grams of Fe+(1./)% precipitate can be formed(
d. If +.?? g of Fe+(1./)% is actuall* obtained, what is the percent *ield(
Answer Key
1. a. Fe is the limiting reagent, $. %+./ g )l%
! is in e"cess
b. 1%.% g Fe! formed #. #.+3 " 132 5 -% gas
%.%2.2 g )+,+- &. 21.3@
+. @ *ield A ++.+@ ?. a. % )l% (g) !i.% (s) % ) (s) 0 !i)l/ (l) % ). (g)
b. 1/.3 g ). gas
/. +.3# 5 ).%
2. a. 8n (s) 2 ,)l (a4) 0 8n)l% (a4) ,% (g)
b. !hown below:
;eactants<products 8n (grams) ,)l (grams) 8n)l% (grams) ,% (5)
:efore reaction 3.50 2.50 0 0
After reaction 1.%$ g 1.26 4.67 0.768
13. a. + Fe(.,)% (a4) % ,+1./ (a4) 0 Fe+(1./)% (s) $ ,%.(l)
b. Fe(.,)%Alimiting reagent, ,+1./ in e"cess
c. /.%/ g Fe+(1./)% (s)
d.?/.3@