1

Babak Shahbodagh Khan

CE 507, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering
b.shahbodagh@unsw.edu.au
CVEN3031: CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
CVEN3731: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
Semester 2, 2014
PROJECT 2
Design Traffic
Content
2
Introduction
Traffic Parameters
Examples
2
Fork lift zone
New Container Terminal
Fork lift &
Truck zone
Straddle carrier
zone
Rigid pavement zone Flexible pavement zone
Container rows (3315 m)
Reclaimed soil zone Existing natural soil zone
New realigned
road
3
0
0

m
Project 2
1. Subgrade
Evaluation
2. Design
Traffic
3. Design
Flexible
Pavement
4. Design
Concrete
Pavement
4
Main Reference
Austroads Pavement
Design Guide
https://www.onlinepublications.austroads.com.au/items/AGPT02-12
3
5
Design Traffic
Austroads Pavement
Design Guide
(Chapter 7)
6
Introduction
Figure 8.4 Design chart for granular pavements with thin bituminous surfacing
AUSTROADS
Pavement Design Guide
4
7
Introduction
Design Traffic:
Convert loads of various magnitudes and repetitions (mixed traffic) to an equivalent number
of standard loads.
Design Traffic is the function of number and types of vehicle loads that a particular
pavement will be subject to, over its design life.
1) Vehicles Loads Different
2) Load Repetitions Pavement Design Life
Vehicles
Load distribution
Types
Loads
Survey data
Equivalent Standard Load
8
Design Traffic:
1) Vehicles Loads Different
Vehicles
Load distribution
Equivalent Standard Load
Types
Loads
The damage caused to a pavement by the passage of one heavy vehicle depends on
The number of axles on the vehicle;
The manner in which these axles are grouped together into axle groups
The loading applied to the pavement through each of these axle groups.
Traffic Parameters
5
9
Traffic Parameters
- Wide range of loads
- Strong enough to cater the heaviest vehicle
1) Vehicles Loads Different
Vehicles
Load distribution
Equivalent Standard Load
Types
Loads
Pavement
Pavement applications
10
AUSTROADS
Pavement Design
Guide
Types of Vehicles for Road Pavements:
light vehicles
Contribute very little to
structural deterioration
Traffic Parameters
1) Vehicles Loads Different
Vehicles
Load distribution
Equivalent Standard Load
Types
Loads
6
11
AUSTROADS
Pavement Design
Guide
Classes 3-12: Heavy vehicles
Traffic Parameters
Types of Vehicles for Road Pavements:
Only heavy vehicles are considered in pavement design.
12
Traffic Parameters
The axle configuration
1) Vehicles Loads Different
Vehicles
Load distribution
Equivalent Standard Load
Types
Loads
The damage caused to a pavement by the passage of a heavy vehicle depends on
the number of axles on the vehicle;
the manner in which these axles are grouped together into axle groups
The loading applied to the pavement through each of these axle groups.
Axle group: A set of closely spaced axles acting as a unit (adjacent axles are less than
2.1 m apart)
7
13
Single Axle Single Tyre - SAST Single Axle Dual Tyre - SADT
Tandem Axle Single Tyre - TAST Tandem Axle Dual Tyre - TADT
Traffic Parameters
Tri-Axle Dual Tyre - TRDT
Quad-Axle Dual Tyre - TRDT
Traffic Parameters
14
8
2
3
2
2
3
3
15
Numbers of heavy vehicle axle groups per heavy vehicle (N
HVAG
):
Traffic Parameters
3
4
5 7
Traffic Parameters
16
Numbers of heavy vehicle axle groups per heavy vehicle (NHVAG):
9
17
Design Traffic:
1) Vehicles Loads Different
Vehicles
Load distribution
Equivalent Standard Load
Types
Loads
The damage caused to a pavement by the passage of a heavy vehicle depends on
The number of axles on the vehicle;
The manner in which these axles are grouped together into axle groups
The loading applied to the pavement through each of these axle groups.
Traffic Parameters
Austroads Philosophy: Convert the number of repetitions of each Heavy Vehicle Axle
Group into the number of Standard Axle repetitions that cause the equivalent amount of
damage.
8.2t
Single Axle Dual Tyre - SADT
Standard Axle & Standard Axle Load
SADT carrying a load of 80 kN, with a width between the dual tyres of 1800 mm.
Traffic Parameters
Austroads Philosophy: Convert the number of repetitions of each Heavy Vehicle Axle
Group into the number of Standard Axle repetitions that cause the equivalent amount of
damage.
18
10
Standard Axle & Standard Axle Load
Traffic Parameters
19
Circular (radius = 92.1 mm)
Load on tyre = 80 kN / 4 = 20 kN
Tyre-pavement contact stress = 750 kPa
Contact surface:
Tyre-pavement contact stress assumed to be uniform and equal to
tyre pressure - 750kPa
SADT carrying a load of 80 kN, with a width between the dual tyres of 1800 mm.
Loads on axle groups that cause the same amount of damage (deflection) as the standard axle:
20
90kN
135kN
181kN
53kN
Single axle with
single tyres (SAST)
80kN
Single axle with
dual tyres (SADT)
Tandem axle with
single tyres (TAST)
Tandem axle with
dual tyres (TADT)
Tri-axle with
dual tyres (TRDT):
Traffic Parameters
Above loads are all equal to 1 standard axle
Standard Axle
11
21
Example 1
53kN 135kN 135kN 181kN 181kN
Double road train (Class 11)
For one pass of the vehicle shown above, calculate:
1) Numbers of heavy vehicle axle groups (N
HVAG
):
2) Equivalent standard axles (ESA):
(per heavy vehicle)
1 ESA 1 ESA 1 ESA 1 ESA 1 ESA
5
5 ESA
22
Example 2
Double road train (Class 11)
For one pass of the vehicle shown above, calculate:
1) Numbers of heavy vehicle axle groups (N
HVAG
):
2) Equivalent standard axles (ESA):
(per heavy vehicle)
55kN 150kN 150kN 190kN 190kN
5
???
12
23
Standard Axle Repetitions
Traffic Parameters
Standard axle repetitions are dependent on pavement type and damage exponent m
24
Traffic Parameters
13
55kN 150kN 150kN 190kN 190kN
25
Example 2
53kN 135kN 135kN 181kN 181kN (Standard)
Granular base
Subgrade
Granular pavement with
thin bituminous surfacing
4 4 4 4 4
55 150 190 150 190
ESA= 6.62
53 135 181 135 181
| | | | | | | | | |
+ + + + =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
Once above truck traversing the granular pavement
Equivalent to 6.62standard axle
26
Traffic Parameters
14
Designation Standard
Load (kN)
Standard
Load
(tonnes)
Legal Limit
(tonnes)
SAST 53
5.4
6.0
SADT 80
8.2
11.0
TAST 90
9.2
10.0
TADT 135
13.8
17.0
TRDT 181
18.5
21.5
QADT 221
22.5
27.0
Traffic Parameters
- Legal Load Limit
27
28
Design Traffic:
Damage Index
Traffic Parameters
1) Vehicles Loads Different
2) Load Repetitions Pavement Design Life
Vehicles
Load distribution
Equivalent Standard Load
Number of heavy vehicle axle groups (H
VAG
) passing the design lane during design
period (N
DT
)
15
29
Traffic Parameters
Load Repetitions
(Annual Average
Daily Traffic)
N
DT
30
Design Period (P)
Time span considered for the road pavement to function without major rehabilitation
or reconstruction.
It is not the period until the next resurfacing!!
The considerations in selecting the design period:
Available funds
The importance of the road
AUSTROADS Pavement
Design Guide
Traffic Parameters
16
31
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
Average daily number of (Light + Heavy) vehicles in the 1st year of service.
Obtained from the actual traffic survey on the existing roadway
where the pavement is to be constructed, or
on nearby roads with similar travel patterns.
The traffic survey data should be
Recent
Obtained without interruption of the traffic stream.
Traffic Parameters
32
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
"A WIM, Weigh-In-Motion" system is a type of
vehicle detection system(VDS) that can measure
the traffic parameters such as the moving cars
weight, speed, and type.
Traffic Parameters
17
33
Heavy Vehicle Factor (%HV)
Only heavy vehicles are considered in pavement design.
Heavy Vehicle factor %HV, which is the average percentage of all traffic comprising heavy
vehicles, can be determined based on the traffic survey.
Average daily number of Heavy vehicles in the 1st year of service.
AADT %HV/100
Traffic Parameters
Traffic Loads
34
Directional Distribution Factor (DF)
Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is historically for traffic in both directions of a road.
The directional distribution factor (DF) is multiplied with the AADT (usually = 0.5) to obtain
the daily traffic in one direction.
18
Traffic Loads
35
Lane Distribution Factor (LDF)
Location
Lanes Each
Direction
Lane Distribution Factor (LDF)
Left Lane Centre Lane Right Lane
Rural
2 lane 1.00 N/A 0.50
3 lane 0.95 0.65 0.30
Urban
2 lane 1.00 N/A 0.50
3 lane 0.65 0.65 0.50
Lane Distribution Factor (LDF): Proportion of traffic assigned to a specific lane.
It is obtained from traffic survey data.
The same pavement configuration is usually adopted for all lanes.
It is determined for the WORST CASE (The most heavily-trafficked lane).
Outside lane
Traffic Loads
36
Cumulative Growth Factor (CGF)
During the design period, the daily volume of traffic is likely to change.
The growth is estimated base on growths experienced by similar roads in vicinity
R% : Annual Growth Rate
P
2 P-1
(1 0.01R) 1
1 (1 0.01R) (1 0.01R) ... (1 0.01R) for R 0
CGF
0
esign Period:Year
.01R
P (D for R 0 s)
+
+ + + + + + + = >
=

AUSTROADS Pavement
Design Guide
19
Traffic Loads
37
Axle Groups per Heavy Vechicle (N
HVAG
)
Axle Groups per Heavy Vehicle:
In the absence of survey data, a presumptive value need to be selected.
N
HVAG
Rural Areas 2.8
Urban Areas 2.5
HVAG
Number of
N
Number of
=
axel groups
heavy vehicles
Traffic Loads
38
Cumulative Heavy Vehicle Axle Groups (N
DT
)
Number of heavy vehicle axle groups (H
VAG
) passing the design lane during design period
N
DT
= 365 AADT DF %HV/100 LDF CGF N
HVAG
AADT = Annual Average Daily Traffic in vehicles per day in the first year
DF = Directional distribution factor
%HV = average percentage of all traffic comprising Heavy Vehicles
N
HVAG
= average Number of Axle Groups per Heavy Vehicle
LDF = Lane Distribution Factor
CGF = Cumulative Growth Factor
20
Assume:
Rural road
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) = 20,000
%HV = 12%
Annual growth = 3%
No. lanes = 4 (2 in each direction)
Design period = 30 years
Determine design traffic for :
a) Thin asphalt on unbound granular
b) Structural (thick) asphalt on cemented base.
Note: No details of heavy vehicle types known
Example 1
39
Step 1.
Calculate Cumulative Growth Factor CGF
CGF = (1 + 0.01R)
P
1
0.01R
where R = 3 = annual growth rate (%)
P = 30 = design period (years)
CGF = (1 + 0.01x3)
30
1 = 47.5
0.01x 3
Example 1
40
21
Step 2.
Determine Direction Factor DF
DF = 0.5 (2 way traffic)
Determine Lane Distribution Factor LDF
LDF = 1 (select heaviest lane)
Example 1
41
Location
Lanes Each
Direction
Lane Distribution Factor (LDF)
Left Lane Centre Lane Right Lane
Rural
2 lane 1.00 N/A 0.50
3 lane 0.95 0.65 0.30
Urban
2 lane 1.00 N/A 0.50
3 lane 0.65 0.65 0.50
Step 3.
Determine N
HVAG
= 2.8
Step 4. Calculate Design Traffic NDT
N
DT
= 365 (AADT DF) %HV/100 N
HVAG
LDF CGF
= 365 (20,000x0.5) 12/100 2.5 1.0 47.5
= 5.8 10
7
HVAG
Example 1
N
HVAG
Rural Areas 2.8
Urban Areas 2.5
42
22
Step 5.
Determine ESA/HVAG
Calculate Design Traffic DESA
DESA = ESA/HVAG N
DT
(Austroads 7.4)
= 0.9 ESA/HVAG 5.8 10
7
HVAG
= 5.24 10
7
ESA
(This is the design traffic for a granular pavement with thin surfacing)
Example 1
43
= 0.9
Step 6.
For alternative stabilised pavement with structural asphalt surface:
Calculate Design Traffic DSARm
DSARm = SARm/ESA DESA (Austroads 7.5)
DSAR5 = 1.1 5.24 10
7
ESA = 5.77 10
7
DSAR7 = 1.6 5.24 10
7
ESA = 8.39 10
7
DSAR12 = 12 5.24 10
7
ESA = 6.29 10
8
Example 1
44
23
Design Traffic Using WIM Data
45
Steps:
Determine numbers of each vehicle type
Determine total numbers of each axle group
Apply distribution of loads on axle groups
Calculate equivalent damage factor for each load increment for each axle type SAR
ijm
Basic equation:
DSAR
m
= N
DT
x P
i
x P
ij
x (L
ij
/SL
i
)
m
DSAR
m
= design no. Standard Axle Repititions
N
DT
= Total no axle groups on design lane
P
i
= Proportion axle groups type i
P
ij
= Proportion all type i axle groups with loads ij
L
ij
= jth load magnitude carried on type i axle
SL
i
= standard axle loading for type i axle
m = damage exponent for damage type m
If the designer has access to project-specific WIM data, the relevant design traffic
values are then determined as follows:
Example 2
46
Calculation of ESAs and DSARm by Average Daily Axle Types
Class 3
300 units
Class 4
120 units
Class 5
60 units
Class 8
90 units
Class 9
60 units
Class 10
20 units
24
Example 2
47
Calculate number of each axle type (per day):
Truck
Class
Number
Units
Axle Load Group
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
3 300 300 300
4 120 120 120
5 60 60 60
8 90 90 180
9 60 60 60 60
10 20 20 40 20
Example 2
48
Assuming:
- Design period 20 years,
- Growth 4 %,
- 2 lane dual carriageway,
- Single direction count.
CGF = 29.8 LDF = 1.0
Calculate number of each axle type (for the whole design life)
Truck Class
Number
Units
Axle Load Group
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
3 3260700 3260700 3260700
4 1304280 1304280 1304280
5 652140 652140 652140
8 978210 978210 1956420
9 652140 652140 652140 652140
10 217380 217380 434760 217380
25
Example 2
Axle Group
Load
Axle Group Type
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
(kN) % % % % %
10 0.2804 3.4730 0.0354 0.1444 0.0050
20 7.8270 8.6960 0.2377 0.5755 0.1568
30 15.4600 23.4600 0.2763 0.6242 0.3290
40 15.7100 21.9300 0.5755 1.9770 1.3170
50 29.9400 16.8000 2.8890 6.4960 4.1670
60 23.2900 9.6060 10.2700 9.5110 7.4190
70 6.5020 6.5000 16.8100 10.9400 9.7770
80 0.7943 4.6230 16.6100 9.7690 8.3380
90 0.1087 2.9690 15.9500 7.6110 6.1500
100 0.0354 1.3930 14.4200 7.2420 5.0290
110 0.0174 0.4098 9.7740 6.2670 3.7010
120 0.0174 0.1158 5.9030 5.9520 3.2980
130 0.0174 0.0244 2.9430 5.8780 3.1470
140 1.5390 6.5340 3.3610
150 0.8439 8.0300 4.0080
160 0.4279 5.7170 4.1150
170 0.2308 3.5540 4.8190
180 0.1367 1.8630 6.0970
190 0.0723 0.8535 7.7330
200 0.0555 0.3331 8.4330
210 0.0801 5.1360
220 0.0322 2.3390
230 0.0160 0.7764
240 0.2503
250 0.0905
260 0.0080
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
E.g. 6.5% of all single axle
dual tyre loads carry
approx 70kN
Presumptive Traffic Load
Distribution for urban road
Example 2
(6.5% of 300 single axle dual
tyre loads in 70kN) GF 365
= 6.5/100 300 29.78
365 = 211,945
- Multiply Number of axles of
each type by load proportion
Axle Group
Load
No Axles in Load Group
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
(kN) [NAj] [NBj] [NCj] [NDj] [NEj]
10 17981 113244 231 7220 43
20 501923 283550 1550 28774 1363
30 991405 764960 1802 31208 2861
40 1007437 715071 3753 98845 11452
50 1919965 547798 18840 324783 36233
60 1493520 313223 66975 475525 64510
70 416954 211945 109625 546971 85013
80 50936 150742 108320 488425 72501
90 6971 96810 104016 380530 53475
100 2270 45422 94039 362081 43728
110 1116 13362 63740 313334 32181
120 1116 3776 38496 297584 28677
130 1116 796 19192 293885 27364
140 0 0 10036 326683 29225
150 0 0 5503 401479 34850
160 0 0 2791 285835 35781
170 0 0 1505 177691 41902
180 0 0 891 93145 53015
190 0 0 471 42673 67240
200 0 0 362 16654 73327
210 0 0 0 4005 44659
220 0 0 0 1610 20338
230 0 0 0 800 6751
240 0 0 0 0 2176
250 0 0 0 0 787
260 0 0 0 0 70
TOTAL 6412709 3260700 652140 4999739 869520
HVAG's = 1.62E+07
N
HVAG
2.3
26
Example 2
51
Damage Exponents:
Design
Method
Pavement Type Damage Type Damage unit Damage
exponent (m)
Emperical granular with thin
bituminous
surfacing
Overall
pavement
damage
ESA 4
Mechanistic Pavement contains
one or more bound
layers
Fatigue of
asphalt
SAR5 5
Rutting &
shape loss
SAR7 7
Fatigue of
cemented
layers
SAR12 12
Example 2
Axle Group
Load
Design ESA for overall pavement damage
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
(kN) [N
Aj
(L/53)
4
] [N
B
j(L/80)
4
] [N
C
j(L/90)
4
] [N
Dj
(L/135)
4
] [N
Ej
(L/181)
4
]
10 23 28 0 0 0
20 10178 1108 4 14 0
30 101773 15127 22 76 2
40 326854 44692 146 762 27
50 1520792 83587 1795 6111 211
60 2453085 99106 13230 18554 779
70 1268753 124239 40117 39539 1902
80 264413 150742 67624 60231 2767
90 57961 155071 104016 75166 3269
100 28770 110892 143330 109011 4074
110 20704 47763 142237 138116 4390
120 29323 19115 121666 185781 5540
130 40389 5548 83548 252706 7282
140 0 0 58765 377836 10460
150 0 0 42465 611918 16438
160 0 0 27874 563976 21848
170 0 0 19160 446813 32608
180 0 0 14264 294385 51853
190 0 0 9365 167429 81645
200 0 0 8826 80224 109312
210 0 0 0 23449 80922
220 0 0 0 11354 44390
230 0 0 0 6740 17602
240 0 0 0 0 6728
250 0 0 0 0 2864
260 0 0 0 0 296
TOTAL 6123019 857018 898454 3470190 507209
DESA = 1.19E+07
ESA/HVAG = 0.73
211,945 axles (L
ij
/P
ij
)
m
L
ij
= 70kN (load bin)
P
ij
= 80kN (for SADT)
m = 4 (for overall pavement damage)
DESA = 211,945 (70/80)
4
= 124,239
- Multiply no. axles
(load/standard load)
m
27
Example 2
211,945 axles (L
ij
/P
ij
)
m
L
ij
= 70kN (load bin)
P
ij
= 80kN (for SADT)
m = 5 (for asphalt fatigue)
DESA = 211,945 (70/80)
5
= 108,709
- Multiply no. axles
(load/standard load)
m
Axle Group
Load
Design Std Axles Repetitions for Asphalt Distress
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
(kN) [N
Aj
(L/53)
5
] [N
Bj
(L/80)
5
] [N
Cj
(L/90)
5
] [N
Dj
(L/135)
5
] [N
Ej
(L/181)
5
]
10 4 3 0 0 0
20 3841 277 1 2 0
30 57607 5673 7 17 0
40 246683 22346 65 226 6
50 1434710 52242 997 2263 58
60 2777077 74329 8820 8246 258
70 1675712 108709 31202 20502 735
80 399114 150742 60110 35693 1223
90 98425 174455 104016 50111 1625
100 54283 138616 159255 80749 2251
110 42971 65674 173846 112539 2668
120 66392 28673 162221 165138 3673
130 99067 9015 120680 243346 5230
140 0 0 91413 391830 8091
150 0 0 70774 679908 13623
160 0 0 49553 668416 19313
170 0 0 36192 562653 30626
180 0 0 28527 392513 51566
190 0 0 19771 235641 85704
200 0 0 19614 118851 120787
210 0 0 0 36476 93888
220 0 0 0 18503 53955
230 0 0 0 11483 22367
240 0 0 0 0 8921
250 0 0 0 0 3956
260 0 0 0 0 425
TOTAL 6955885 830755 1137065 3835105 530951
DSAR5 = 1.33E+07
Example 2
211,945 axles (L
ij
/P
ij
)
m
L
ij
= 70kN (load bin)
P
ij
= 80kN (for SADT)
m = 12 (for cemented fatigue)
DESA = 211,945 (70/80)
12
= 42,689
- Multiply no. axles
(load/standard load)
m
Axle Group
Load
Design Std Axles Repetitions for Cemented Layer Distress
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
(kN) [N
Aj
(L/53)
12
] [N
Bj
(L/80)
12
] [N
Cj
(L/90)
12
] [N
Dj
(L/135)
12
] [N
Ej
(L/181)
12
]
10 0 0 0 0 0
20 4 0 0 0 0
30 1072 6 0 0 0
40 34405 175 0 0 0
50 954164 1946 16 2 0
60 6617830 9922 516 28 0
70 11747746 42689 5372 207 1
80 7125175 150742 26356 916 4
90 4007475 397879 104016 2933 12
100 4620983 660970 332963 9881 35
110 7128409 610260 708297 26836 82
120 20251412 489908 1215286 72407 207
130 52917655 269737 1583220 186850 516
140 0 0 2014678 505426 1340
150 0 0 2528231 1421519 3657
160 0 0 2781075 2195584 8146
170 0 0 3104942 2825183 19746
180 0 0 3651483 2940526 49605
190 0 0 3694981 2577442 120373
200 0 0 5249085 1861559 242929
210 0 0 0 803908 265701
220 0 0 0 564768 211465
230 0 0 0 478405 119662
240 0 0 0 0 64288
250 0 0 0 0 37937
260 0 0 0 0 5369
TOTAL 115406330 2634235 27000517 16474380 1151075
DSAR12 = 1.36E+08
28
Example 2
211,945 axles (L
ij
/P
ij
)
m
L
ij
= 70kN (load bin)
P
ij
= 80kN (for SADT)
m = 7 (for deformation)
DESA = 211,945 (70/80)
7
= 83,230
- Multiply no. axles
(load/standard load)
m
Axle Group
Load
Design Std Axles Repetitions for Deformation
SAST SADT TAST TADT TRDT
(kN) [N
Aj
(L/53)
7
] [N
Bj
(L/80)
7
] [N
Cj
(L/90)
7
] [N
Dj
(L/135)
7
] [N
Ej
(L/181)
7
]
10 0 0 0 0 0
20 547 17 0 0 0
30 18457 798 1 1 0
40 140510 5586 13 20 0
50 1276886 20407 308 310 4
60 3559088 41810 3920 1629 28
70 2923100 83230 18875 5512 110
80 909337 150742 47494 12534 239
90 283816 220795 104016 22272 402
100 193247 216587 196611 44307 687
110 185101 124166 259695 74717 985
120 340352 64515 288393 130480 1615
130 596023 23805 251789 225655 2698
140 0 0 221196 421392 4841
150 0 0 196595 839393 9356
160 0 0 156612 938899 15092
170 0 0 129128 892218 27016
180 0 0 114109 697801 50998
190 0 0 88116 466756 94439
200 0 0 96860 260853 147476
210 0 0 0 88263 126383
220 0 0 0 49139 79711
230 0 0 0 33329 36117
240 0 0 0 0 15684
250 0 0 0 0 7547
260 0 0 0 0 878
TOTAL 10426466 952458 2173731 5205478 622307
DSAR7 = 1.72E+07
Project 2
Input Traffic Data
- Existing traffic on the access road:
- Road Traffic Counts
- Presumptive Traffic Load Distribution (Urban Area)
- Additional traffic generated by the port development:
- Container Load Distribution
- Types of Trucks used to transport Containers
Existing traffic +Additional traffic DSAR
m
29
57