adverb adverb = unfortunately

• = such
adjective = vague
• = that
7 L!(!
attributive
• = that kind noun = iron
• = like that = to iron
adverb 3 3 verb 1 6
• = like that 3 3
• = in that way • = to meet
3 • = to encounter
1 noun = love 3 verb 1 6
2 verb 3 5 = to love 3 3
3 • = to fit
adverb = the same as ever • = to be right
• = to be correct
3
1 noun 3 noun = blue
• = greetings
• = a brief speech
3 adjective = blue
2 verb 3 6 ! refers to both the blue of the sky
= to greet and the green of vegetation and
traffic lights
3 noun
= affection 3 verb 1 5 = to look
3 up (at)
1 noun = signal 3 verb 1 5 = to fan
2 verb 3 6
= to signal 3 adjective
= pale
noun = ice cream
3 noun 3 noun = blue skies
• = a space 3 noun
• = a while • = scum
• = between • = dirt
• = during
3 noun = red
3 noun
= relationship 3 adjective = red
3 noun A noises 3 noun
and words used to show someone = baby
that you are listening to what is being 3 noun = light
said (rather like ‘uh-huh’ etc. in
English) 3 noun = rise
7
3 noun
• = the other person 3 verb 1 6
• = opponent 3 3
• = partner • = to rise
• = to stop (rain)
7 L!(& • = to become nervous
noun = idea • = to enter (a house)
 3 | 3 2

3 adjective
• = bright phrase = Happy New Year!
• = cheerful
7
3 noun = baby
7
3 noun
• = autumn 7 L!(&
• = fall 7 L!(&
3 noun = space 3 verb 2 5
3 noun = disused 3 3 = to open
plot of land 3 verb 2 6
3 = to dawn
verb 3 6
= to be fed up
3 verb 2 5
3 3
7 • = to give
3 • = to raise
1 adjective = clear ! when following the form of a
2 adverb = clearly verb it indicates that the action of that
3 verb 2 5 verb is being done for someone else
= to abandon and is to their benefit L!&(, L!(&
3 verb 2 = to be = I will show you
tired of = I’ll look at it for you
3 verb 2 6 3 noun = yearning
• = to be astonished 3 verb 2 5
• = to be appalled = to yearn for
3 verb 1 6 3 3 noun = morning
3
• = to open noun
• = to be open • = bruise
• = birthmark
3 verb 1 6 3
3 = to be empty 3 adjective = shallow
3 3 noun = the day
1 noun = handshake after tomorrow
2 verb 3 6 = to shake 3
hands 1 noun = oversleeping
noun A fashion 2 verb 3 6 = to sleep
accessories and especially jewellery late
noun = accent (emphasis) 3
3 adjective
1 noun = yawn • = vivid
2 verb 3 6 = to yawn • = fresh
3 noun = the devil 3 noun
• = leg
adverb = persistently
• = foot
3 noun = the
next day 3 noun = flavour
= to taste of ...
3 noun
= daybreak noun = Asia
7 L!(& 3 noun = footprint
7 L!(& 3 noun = footsteps
3 3 | 3 3

3 noun = tomorrow 7
3 noun A literally 3 3
‘the area around the feet’ it can be adjective
translated as ‘footing’ or ‘around you’ • = warm
depending on the context ! the first Chinese character is used
3 verb 1 5 when referring to the weather and
• = to taste air temperature while the second is
• = to experience used for warm to the touch
3 verb 1 5 3 3
= to take charge of verb 1 6
! used when something of someone • = to get warm
else’s is taken to be looked after in • = to get hot A see the note to
some way such as by a cloakroom
or a bank 7 3 3
verb 2 5
3 verb 2 5
• = to warm
• = to entrust
• = to heat A see the note to
• = to leave
! used when something is given to
be looked after in some way such as 3 noun = head
a jacket to a cloakroom or children 3 adjective
to a nursery = new
3 noun = sweat 3 noun
= to sweat • = area
• = surroundings
3 verb 1 6 = to be in a
hurry 3 noun = a hit A
literally ‘being on target’ it is used of
noun
someone’s answer to a question to
• = there
mean ‘you’re right’
• = over there
• = that place 3 3
3 noun
3 adjective
• = as you would expect
• = play
• = natural
• = game
• = reasonable
3 3 verb 1 6
verb 1 6 = to (go and) visit
• = to hit
3 • = to be right
verb 3 6 = to (come and) visit • = to win
7 7
3 verb 1 6 noun
3 3 • = that place
• = to play • = over there
• = to be with (friends) • = in that direction
3 verb 2 5 ! not near either the speaker or
• = to give listener
• = to cause
• = to provide noun = here and
there
noun A a version of
used by some girls and young 3 3 adjective
women = hot
 3 | 4

! the first Chinese character is used 3 noun = remains

for weather and air temperature
while the second is used for things
3 noun
• = a hole
hot to the touch
• = a cave
3 adjective = thick noun = TV or radio
3 noun = handling presenter
3 verb 1 5 noun = you
• = to handle ! the word is not equivalent to ‘you’
• = to deal with in English as Japanese people
3 prefer to use a person’s name or
adjective = cheeky title (when necessary) and it can be
rude to use . Also used by
7 women to call their husbands
7 7 L!(&
3 noun = one’s own older
3 brother L!&&
adjective = overwhelming
3 noun = one’s own older
3 noun sister L!&&
• = collection
• = meeting attributive
• = that
3 verb 1 6 • = the
• = to be gathered
! refers to a person, place or thing
3 verb 2 5 distant from speaker and listener
• = to gather or which is previously known to
• = to attract both of them. It must be followed
3 3 suffix = addressed by a noun.
to
interjection = I say
3 noun A Chinese
interjection A indicates
characters borrowed to write a
hesitation in speaking and so can be
Japanese word and whose usual
used as ‘excuse me’ or just ‘er... er ...
pronunciations (in Japanese use) or
er .... um ...’
original meanings are disregarded or
altered noun
• = apartment
3 noun = address
• = (small) block of apartments
3 3 verb 2 6
verb 1 6
• = to behave violently
• = to apply to
• = to run riot
• = to fulfil
3 3 verb 2 5
= to bathe
verb 2 5
= to have a
• = to adapt
shower
• = to apply
3 verb 2 5 3 adjective
• = to hit = dangerous
• = to win 3 noun = oil
• = to guess
3 noun = fat
3 noun
3
• = back
adjective = oily
• = after
• = remainder noun = Africa
5 3 | 3

3 verb 2 6 3 noun = storm

= to overflow 3 noun = plot (of a
3 adjective story)
• = sweet 3 verb 1 5
• = lenient • = to dispute
3 verb 2 6 • = to compete
A to rely on someone’s being nice or 3
to play up to someone 1 adjective = new
3 noun = rainwear 2 adverb
• = anew
noun = amateur
• = once again
3 noun = shutters
3 adverb
3 verb 1 5 • = again
= to spoil (a child) • = anew
3 3 verb 2 5
1 noun = remainder • = to change
2 adverb • = to renew
• = too • = to correct
• = very
7 L!(&
• (with negative) = not very
• = not much 3 3
• = not often adjective = rough
3 suffix = more than
attributive = every
3 verb 1 6
3 verb 1 5
• = to be left
= to appear
• = to be more than required
3 noun
3 verb 1 5
• = to show
• = knitwear
• = to express
• = knitting
3 verb 1 5 = to knit 3 verb 1 5
= to write
3 noun = rain
3 noun
3 noun = candy • = sign
noun = America • = expression
3 adjective 3 verb 2 6
= suspicious • = to appear
• = to show up
3 noun
• = mistake adjective
• = misunderstanding • = grateful
3 verb 1 5 • = thankful
= to apologise 3 phrase
interjection A used by women to ! used in a variety of forms of the full
express surprise phrase
3 3 adjective to mean ‘thank you (very
much)’
= rough
7 7
3 verb 1 5 3 attributive
3 3 = to • = a certain
wash • =a
 3 3 | 6

3 3 verb 1 6 • = hurried
3 3 • = flustered
• = to be 3 verb 2 6
• = to have • = to hurry
• = to happen • = to be flustered
7 3 noun = pity
conjunction 3 noun = plan
• = or
• = either 3 adjective
= relaxed
7
3
3 verb 1 6 3 1 adverb = unexpectedly
3 = to walk 2 adjective
= unexpected
1 noun = part time job 3
2 verb 3 6 1 noun = rote learning
= to do a part time job A and refers 2 verb 3 5 = to
to a job which is not permanent but memorise
which can be full time such as a
student holiday job noun
• = questionnaire
noun = photo album • = survey
interjection A used to express 3
surprise 1 noun = peace of mind
noun 2 verb 3 6
• = that • = to feel relieved
• = that thing • = to feel safe
• = it 3 adjective
! used to refer to something distant • = reassuring
from both speaker and listener or • = safe
something that is previously known 3
to both of them 1 noun = safety
2 adjective = safe
adverb = this and that
3 verb 2 6
3
1 noun = stability
• = to be rough
2 verb 3 6 = to be
noun = allergy stable
3 noun adjective
• = bubble • = that
• = foam • = like that
3 adjeective 3
• = pale 1 noun = information
• = faint 2 verb 3 5
3 verb 2 5 • = to guide
• = to join together • = to show around
• = to fit in with • = to show the way
• = to adjust adverb
• = to mix • = like that
3 • = in that way
adjective 7
7 3 | 3

3 suffix
• = less than
• = under
3 suffix = apart from
3 adjective
= unexpected
3 noun = stomach
adverb
3 suffix = position • = how
3 adjective = good • = how about
! the past and negative forms are = how about seeing a film?
made from the alternative form = would
L@)!
you like some coffee?
interjection = no = how is
work?
3 3 noun = medical
adjective A the literal meaning is that
the quantity of something is just right science
but it is more common as an idiom 3 verb 1 5
meaning that something is = to make active use of
‘inadequate’ in some way and when 3 noun = anger
applied to people’s actions and
behaviour the translation and meaning 3 noun = outward
will vary greatly depending on the journey
context and the expectation of the 3 noun = breath
person judging
3 noun = significance
= this job has not been done 3 noun = objection
properly adverb = vividly
= That’s
Enough! 3 noun = vigour

3 verb 1 5 adverb = unexpectedly

= to propose 7
3 verb 2 3 noun = living
5 = to tell someone (to do something) creatures
7 3 verb 2 6 = to live
3 noun = excuse 3 verb 1 6 3
3 noun = committee
3 = to go
member ! following the form of a verb it
can add the sense of an ongoing
3 verb 1 5 3 process or direction of movement of
3 = to say the subject L!(&, L@)$
= what do you call this in 3 noun A bringing up
Japanese? children

= He said “I quit!” adverb = how many

= how old are
= he said that he would quit you?
7 noun = some
3 noun = house 3 adverb = a little
 | 3 8

adverb = how much adverb = one day

= in any event
= no matter 3 noun = remains
how much I study it’s still difficult
= how much is it? 3 noun
• = before
3 noun = pond • = once
adjective = bad 3 noun = as it was before
! following the form of a verb 7 L!(&
and it means something should
not be done L!(& 3 adjective
= busy
3 noun = flower 7
arrangement
a politer version of
3 verb 1 6
3 3 = to
hurry
3 noun = opinion
3 noun
3 noun and suffix = since • = board
3 noun and suffix • = skis
= since 3 adjective = painful
noun = equals 3 adjective
3 adjective = grand
= brave 3 verb 1 5 = to hold
3 noun = stone 3
verb 1 5 A a
3 noun = doctor humble equivalent of L!*(
3 noun = will
1 noun
3 noun = intention
• = pranks
3 • = vandalism
1 noun = maintenance 2 verb 3 6
2 verb 3 5 = to maintain • = to play pranks
3 noun = consciousness • = to deliberately behave badly
noun = bullying 7 L!(&
verb 2 5 = to bully phrase A used before
eating it is somewhat similar to the
3 noun = doctor
Christian grace ‘for what we are about
3 noun = the to receive may the Lord make us truly
foregoing thankful’ but literally a form of the
! often used in the form humble verb ‘to receive’ without any
to end an announcement religious meaning 7
3 verb 1 5
3 3 3
1 noun = abnormality
2 adjective • = to take
= exceptional • = to receive
3 adverb = exceptionally • = to eat
3 • = to drink
1 noun = malice 3 noun = pain
2 adjective = malicious
3 verb 1 6
3 noun = chair 3 3 = to
3 noun = (natural) spring hurt
9 3 |

3 noun = one L!*! 2 adverb

3 noun = market • = as hard as possible
• = to the best of one’s ability
3 noun = position
3 adverb
3 adverb • = together
• = in detail • = at the same time
• = one by one
3 adverb
3 adverb
= simultaneously
• = for the time being
• = just in case 3 adverb = all the
more
3 noun = strawberry
3 adverb
3 adverb A literally
meaning ‘(as) one body’ it is most
• = for a while
common with questions indicating
• = once
surprise or threat as in English ‘what
• = one o’clock L!*^
on earth ...?.
3 noun = once
3 adverb = once
3 adverb = at one
time 3
1 noun = agreement
3 noun = market 2 verb 3 6 = to
3 agree
1 noun = part 3 noun = five L!*!
2 adverb = partly
7 7 L!(&
3 noun = first class
adverb = when
3
adjective = fixed
3 noun3 phrase A
• = the fifth day of the month
literally meaning ‘go and come back’
• = five days L!&$
this phrase is used to people leaving
noun the home (or other place if they are
• = someday expected to return there)
• = sometime 7
3 noun = family phrase A literally
3 noun ‘(I will ) go and come back’ this phrase
= the day before yesterday is used by people leaving the home
(or other place if they expect to return
3 noun
there)
= the year before last
3 noun = kind (of ) phrase A a more
polite version of
3 noun
= one week L!&$ adverb
• = always
3 noun • = anytime
• = an instant
• = for a moment 3
adverb = before (I) really noticed
3 noun
• = together
• = with 1 adjective 3
= crowded
3 noun = life • = full
3 2 adverb
1 adjective • = lots of
= hard working • = until the end of
 3 | 10

3 counter 3 noun = life

• = a cup of
• = a glass of
3 noun = prayer
• = a bowl of L!*! 3 verb 1 6 5
= to have a drink = to pray
3 adverb 3 verb 1 6
= generally • = to boast
• = to be proud
3
1 noun 3
• = one side 1 noun = violation
• = one end 2 verb 3 5 = to break
• = more and more (a rule)
2 conjunction = on the other hand 3 noun = clothing
= the exams get more 3
and more difficult 1 noun
• = now
adverb = always • = at the moment
adverb 2 adverb = right away
• = always 3 noun = living room
• = as usual
7
7 L!(&
3 adverb = soon
3
1 noun = transfer 3 adverb = at any
2 verb 3 6 = to move moment
(to) 3
3 noun = gene 1 noun
• = meaning
3 noun = thread • = sense
3 noun = a well 2 verb 3 6 = to mean
3 noun = image
1 noun = movement 3 noun = one’s own
2 verb 3 6 = to move younger sister L!&&
noun = cousin L!&& 3 noun
3 suffix = within = someone else’s younger sister L!&&
3 noun A the basic 3 adjective
meaning is ‘country’ as opposed to • = unpleasant
‘urban’ but it can carry connotations • = annoying
of backwardness and a lack of • = disgusting
sophistication. Sometimes used of interjection A contradicts a
urban areas smaller than Tokyo and previous statement and so can be
Osaka. Can be used to mean ‘home translated as either ‘yes’ or ‘no’
town’ especially in the phrase depending on whether it refers to a
= go home positive or a negative statement
3 noun = dog 3 verb 1 5
3 noun = rice plant • = to dislike (doing something)
• = to be unwilling (to do something)
3
1 noun = doze adverb
2 verb 3 6 • = even more
= to doze off • = at last