CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Energy and Environment

Electric Drives 1 (ENM055)
TRIALEXAM




Use of approved calculators (refer to the Universitys Examination
Regulations) is allowed.

Use of Dictionaries and basic mathematics and physics handbook is allowed.

If there is any missing information in the following questions, you can make
reasonable assumptions and state them clearly.



Good Luck!!




1. A DC machine is to operate a load described as T
L
= be, where b=0.21. The armature
voltage can be adjusted in the interval 0 U
a
100 and the current in the magnetizing
branch can be adjusted in the interval 0 I
f
1. The field resistance is 200 O and the
armature resistance is R
a
=1 O.

a) The machine is operating at a no load speed of 1200rpm, when U
a
=100V and I
f
=1A
Calculate the motor constant. (1p)

b) Calculate the rated output power if the maximum armature current is 10A. (1p)


c) The motor is used in an application where the load torque is zero for 90% of the
time and varying from 0-T
rated
10% of the time. When no load is applied, the motor
needs to run at 1200rpm. It was given in a) that this operating point are achieved
feeding the motor with i
f
=1A and U
a
=100V. Suggest a more energy efficient supply
(U
a
and I
f
) for the no-load operating point. (2 p)

[4 points]

2. The full-load slip of an 4-pole induction motor at 50 Hz and 400V supply voltage is
0.035. Assume a constant load torque of 50% of the rated value.

a) Calculate the supply frequency needed to operate the motor at 950 rpm. It can be
assumed that the voltage/frequency ratio is kept constant. (2)

b) The motor is fed with a frequency converter that can supply the motor in the
frequency range 0- 100Hz and in the voltage range of 0-400V. What happens if you try
to operate the motor, connected to the same load, with 100Hz? No calculations is
needed just motivate your answer (2p)


[4 points]


3. If the stator of an induction motor is rewound to operate from 220 V instead of 110 V with
the same power consumption, how will the new winding compare with the old in terms of
number of turns, wire diameter, and physical size?


[1 point]

4. Are the following statements true or false?
a) The rated torque of a motor is mainly limited voltage supply to the motor
b) The starting torque of an induction motor will increase if the rotor resistance is
decreased
c) A series DC-motor runs in the opposite direction if the voltage supply is reversed
[1 point]



Solutions:
Problem 1:
Solution:
a) The armature voltage can be expressed as

V U E
E I R U
a a
a a a a
100 = =
+ =


The motor constant k
e
can be expressed as

8 . 0
2 1200
100
=

=
t
e
e
e a
k
k E


b)

W I k
k
I R U
T P
I k T
s rad
k
I R U
k I R U
a e
e
a a a
e
a e e
e
a a a
e a a a
900 10 8 . 0
8 . 0
10 100
/ 113
8 . 0
10 100
=

= =
=
=

=
+ =
e
e
e


c) when the motor is operating at no load, waiting for the load to be applied we reduce the field current in the
machine which in turn reduces the losses in the field widning.

An example can be as follows:
I
f
=0.25A

V k E U
e a a
25
60
2 1200
8 . 0 25 . 0
% 25
=

= = =
t
e

The losses in the field winding are now reduced to 6.25%!



Problem 2:
a)

p = 4 (number of poles)
sn = 0.035
f = 50Hz

ns =(2/p)*f*60=1500rpm

the slip in rpm is not changing so the slip in % are correspondingly;

slip=0.035*1500=52.5rpm at rated operation and 26.25rpm at 50% of the rated operation

If the motor is operated at 950rpm, the synchronous speed needs to be 976.25rpm resulting in a
supply frequency of

f=976.25/60*2=32.54Hz

b) The motor is now fed with a frequency of 100Hz but only the rated voltage for 50Hz. In
order to keep the flux level constant 800V is needed. A reduction of 50% in the voltage will
result in an increase of the slip with 4 times (if it is even possible). In order to be sure we need
to do detailed calculations. However, as a first guess, it is not a good idea to operate the motor
with this load at 100Hz. (Even if it is possible it might be difficult to run up to this speed)

*An example of a 4kW 4pole IM gives the result shown in figure 1. (Note that this was not
possible to calculate in the given task since we need to know all the motor parameters in detail)

The figure shows the torque speed characteristic for 50Hz 400V and 100Hz 400V. The figure
also shows the stator current for the different rotor speeds.

For this particular example it will be possible to operate the motor at 100Hz and 50% load, if
we just consider the current level load. However, it cant accelerate from zero speed ! In
addition, since we operate more or less at the at rated current this will in practice lead to an
overheated motor since the rotor currents are much higher resulting in higher losses which in
turn increases the overall heat of the motor.






Problem nr 3)
Since the power is the same the current can be reduced to 50% since the voltage is doubled. In
order to keep the same mmf the number of turns needs to be doubled. Furthermore, since the
current is two times smaller, the area of each conductor is halved the current density will remain
the same as will the resistive losses.


Problem 4: a, b, c, are all false
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Rotor speed (rpm)
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
)


0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rotor speed (rpm)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t

(
A
)


50Hz 400V
100Hz 400V
T
N
T
N
50%
50Hz 400V
100Hz 400V
Rated current