Lecture Part 11

Fire Protection System Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

Fire Protection System:

Standpipes emergency fire hose connections to give firemen immediate access to an adequate
supply of water in case of a fire.
Dry Standpipe is a fire line system without a constant water supply and is equipped with a fire
service inlet and outlet connection, and installed exclusively for the use of the fire service.
Wet Standpipe is an auxiliary fire line system with a constant water supply installed primarily for
emergency fire use by the occupants of the building.
Combination Standpipe It is a fire lie system with a constant water supply and installed for the use of
the fire service and the occupants of the building.
Automatic Sprinkler System are integrated fire suppression systems consisting of a water supply, a
network of pipes, sprinkler heads and other components to provide automatic fire suppression in areas
of a building where the temperature or smoke has reached a predetermined level.
Fire Service It is an organization or a component of the Philippine National Bureau of Fire Protection
in charge with the mission of fire prevention and fire protection.
Fire Department House Connection It is a hose connection of grade or street level for use by the Fire
Service only. It is also known as Fire Service Connection.

Dry Standpipes:
Location:
1. There shall be one dry standpipe outlet connection located at every floor level landing above
the first floor of every required enclosed stairway or smoke-proofed enclosure.
2. No point within building requiring dry standpipes shall be more than 40 m travel distance from
a dry standpipe outlet connection.
Piping:
1. All horizontal runs of dry standpipe system shall have a 20% slope for the purpose of
draining.
Size:
1. The size of the standpipe shall not be less than 102 mm (4) in buildings in which the highest
outlet is 23 m or less above the Fire Service Connection.
2. The size of the standpipe shall not be less than 153 mm (6) in buildings where the highest
outlet is higher than 23 m above the Fire Service Connection.
Fire Service Connection:
1. All 102 mm dry standpipe shall be equipped with a 4-way Fire Service Connection.
2. All Fire Service Connections shall be located on a street front, not less than 460 mm or more
than 1220 mm above grade and shall be equipped with an approved straight way check valve
and substantial plugs or plugs.
Outlets:
1. Each standpipe shall be equipped with an approved 64 mm outlet at a height of not less
than 610 mm nor more than 1220 mm above the floor level of each storey.
2. All dry standpipes shall be equipped with a two-way 64 mm outlet above the roof line of
the building when the roof has a slope of less than 34%.
Sign:
Lecture Part 11
Fire Protection System Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

1. An approved durable sign with raised letters of at least 25 mm in height, shall be
permanently attached to all Fire Service Connections. Such signs shall read Dry
Standpipe
Wet Standpipes:
Where required:
1. In assembly occupancies with an occupant load exceeding 1000.
2. In educational, institutional hazardous storage, business and mercantile, industrial, and hotels and
apartment occupancsies four or more stories in height.
3. In hazardous storage, business and mercantile occupancies having a floor area exceeding 1860 m
2

per floor.
4. In theaters, auditoriums and other occupancies on each side of any stage, on each side of the rear of
the auditorium and on each side of the lavatory.
Exceptions:
1. Wet standpipes are not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic fire
suppression system.
2. Wet standpipe shall not be required in basements or collars equipped with a complete
automatic fire suppression system.
3. Wet standpipe shall not be required but only encourage in assembly area used solely for
worship.
Location:
1. Wet standpipe shall not be located so that all portions of the building are within 6 meters of a
nozzle attached to a 22 meter hose.
Automatic Fire Suppression System an integrated system of underground or overhead piping or both
connected to a source of extinguishing agent when actuated by its automatic detecting device.
Fire Alerting System it is activated by the presence of fire then a signal is transmitted to designated
locations.
Sprinkler System means a system of piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering
standards and installed to control or extinguish fires.
Classification of Sprinkler System:
1. Wet Pipe Sprinkler System a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a
piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharge
immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.
2. Dry Pipe Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached
to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the
opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve, and
the water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers.
3. Pre-action Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached
to a piping system that contains air that might or might not be under pressure, with a
supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.
4. Deluge Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that are attached to a
piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation
of detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.
5. Gridded Sprinkler System a sprinkler system in which parallel cross mains are connected by
multiple branch lines. An operating sprinkler will receive water from both ends of its branch line
while other branch lines help transfer water between cross mains.
Lecture Part 11
Fire Protection System Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

6. Looped Sprinkler System - a sprinkler system in which multiple cross mains are tied together so as
to provide more than one path for water to flow to an operating sprinkler and branch lines are not
tied together.
Sprinkler Vent Method Consisting a combination of an automatic or smoke detection system,
automatic exhaust system and an automatic water curtain.
Spray nozzle method - consisting a combination of an automatic fire or smoke detection system, and a
system of high velocity water spray nozzle.
Rolling Shutter Method - consisting of an automatic self-closing rolling shutter which completely
encloses the top of each escalator.
Sprinkler Heads these are transparent quartzoid bulb type that contains a colored liquid. At 135 F,
the bulb breaks and releases a water stream.
Types of Sprinkler Heads:
1. Pendent Projects through a finished ceiling when piping is concealed.
2. Upright used above piping when piping is exposed.
Fire Extinguisher a device that contains within it chemicals, fluids or gases for extinguishing fires, the
means for application of its contents for the purposes, and is capable of being readily move from place
to place.
Types of Fire Extinguisher:
1. Water Fire Extinguishers (red) the cheapest and most widely used fire extinguishers. Used for
Class A fires not suitable for class B (liquid) fires, or where electricity is involved.
2. Foam Fire Extinguishers (cream) more expensive than water but more versatile. Used for
classes A and B fires. Not recommended for fires involving electricity, but are safer than water if
had inadvertently sprayed onto live electrical apparatus.
3. Dry Fire Extinguishers (blue) (Dry powder) The multi-purpose extinguisher, as it can be used on
classes A, B and C fires. Best for running liquid fires (liquid B).Will efficiently extinguish Class C gas
fires.
4. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers (black) is ideal for fires involving electrical apparatus. Also
extinguish class B liquid fires, but has no post fire security and the fire could re-ignite.
Lecture Part 11
Fire Protection System Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

Classification of Fire Extinguisher:
1. Class A Ordinary combustible(wood, cloth , paper) (Green Triangle)
2. Class B Flammable liquids, engine oil, gases and greases (Red Square)
3. Class C Energized electrical equipment ( Blue Circle)
4. Class D Combustible metals ( yellow star)
5. Class K Kitchen ( cooking oils and fats) (Black Decagon)







Number of Exits:
1. Class A Place of Assembly (more than 1000 persons) at least 4 separate exits
2. Class B Place of Assembly (300 to 1000 persons) - at least 3 exits
3. Class C Place of Assembly (50 to 300 persons) - at least 2 main exits
Hazard shall be the relative danger of the start and spread of fire, the generation of smoke or
gases
Classification of Hazard:
1. Low Hazard those with low combustibility that no self-propagating fire.
2. Ordinary Hazard those which are liable to burn with moderate rapidity or to give off a
considerable volume of smoke, but from neither poisonous fumes nor explosions are to be
expected in the event of fire.
3. High Hazard those which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity or from which poisonous
gases or explosions are to be expected in the event of fire.