Chapter 9

Latches, Flip-Flops, and Timers

Shawnee State University
Department of Industrial and n!ineerin! Technolo!ies
Copyri!ht " #$$% &y 'anna () *allaher
TC #+$, -ro!ramma&le Lo!ic Devices
Latches

. temporary stora!e device that has two sta&le states /&ista&le0

The S-1 /Set-1eset0 Latch /also called a multivi&rator0

2hen 3 is 4I*4, 3 is L52 , and when 3 is L52, 3 is
hi!h
Truth Ta&le for an .ctive-Low Input S-1 latch)
Inputs Outputs Comments
S R Q Q
1 1 NC NC No change. Latch remains in present state
0 1 1 0 Latch SET
1 0 0 1 Latch RESET
0 0 1 1 Invalid condition

.n .pplication 6 Switch De&ouncin!

Latches
Switch contacts &ounce when they ma7e, creatin! several on8off si!nals that the lo!ic will
interpret as several switch closures) The latch will chan!e state on the first transition and
remain there until reset)

The %9LS#%9 Set-1eset Latch

Latches
This is a :uad pac7a!e) ;ote that each latch has two
active low set inputs and an active hi!h output)
Latches

The *ated S-1 Latch

Includes an na&le line

The output state chan!es only when the ena&le line is &rou!ht hi!h
;ote the pulses on the ; line
that chan!e the state of 3
dependin! on the S or 1 input
state)

The *ated D Latch

D Latches are simpler circuits than the S-1 latch

The 5utput /30 follows the input only when the na&le line is hi!h)
Latches
;ote that the output only follows the
input when the ena&le is 4i!h

The %9LS%< D Latch

Latches
This is a :uad D Latch pac7a!e with 9 Latches &ut only # na&le lines)
d!e-Tri!!ered Flip-Flops

Flip-flops are synchronous &ista&le devices 7nown as &ista&le

multivi&rators

They are ed!e tri!!ered to insure a 7nown transition point /althou!h

there have &een some level tri!!ered devices in the past0

Their inputs chan!e on a control input called the cloc7 /CL=0

.ll chan!es occur in sync with the cloc7 input

d!e-tri!!ered flip-flop
d!e-Tri!!ered Flip-Flops
Three styles of flip-flops> S-1, D, and '-=
all of which are ed!e-tri!!ered /note the ? on the C input0
The top row is positive ed!e tri!!ered
The &ottom row is ne!ative ed!e tri!!ered

The d!e-Tri!!ered S-1 Flip-Flop

d!e-Tri!!ered Flip-Flops
;ote that this is a positive
ed!e tri!!ered device)
The S-1 flip-flop is not availa&le in IC form)

. @ethod of d!e-Tri!!erin!
d!e-Tri!!ered Flip-Flops
The ;.;D !ates insure that the S and 1
inputs only reach the latch when the CL=
pulse !oes hi!h)
The -ulse transition Detector, loo7s for the
risin! ed!e of the CL= input Simplified type of pulse transition detector)

The d!e-Tri!!ered D Flip-Flop

d!e-Tri!!ered Flip-Flops
@a7in! a D Flip-Flop from a S-1 Flip-Flop
Inputs Outputs Comments
CL! Q Q
1 " 1 0 SET #stores a 1$
0 " 0 1 RESET #stores a 0$

The d!e-Tri!!ered '-= Flip-Flop

The '-= flip-flop has no invalid state /the S-1 does0

d!e-Tri!!ered Flip-Flops
;ote that the 3 output is
connected &ac7 into the *#
input and the ;ot-3 is
connected to the *, input)
Inputs Outputs Co mments
% ! CL! Q Q
0 0 " Q0 Q0 No change
0 1 " 0 1 RESET
1 0 " 1 0 SET
1 1 " Q0 Q0 Toggle
If &oth ' and = are 4I*4 the output will to!!le on each
successive risin! cloc7 ed!e)

.synchronous -reset and Clear Inputs

-rovide for either clearin! the outpus or presettin! them independent of

the cloc7)

*enerally they are la&eled -reset /-10 and Clear /CL10 &ut some
manufacturers call them Set and 1eset

Usually they are active low)

d!e-Tri!!ered Flip-Flops
%9LS%A Functional Dia!ram
Flip-Flop 5peratin! Characteristics

-ropa!ation Delay Times

The interval of time re:uired after an input si!nal has &een applied for the
resultin! output chan!e to occur)

Different si!nals ta7e different paths throu!h the !ate electronics)

Four cate!ories of propa!ation delay>

.0 -ropa!ation delay for low to hi!h transition of the output)

(0 -ropa!ation delay for hi!h to low transition of the output)

C0 -ropa!ation delay measured from leadin! ed!e of preset to low to hi!h

transition of the output)

D0 -ropa!ation delay measured from the leadin! ed!e of the clear input to the
hi!h to low transition of the output)
. ( C D

Set-up Time

The minimum amount of time re:uired for the lo!ic levels to &e
maintained constantly on the inputs /' and =, or S and 1, or D0 prior to
the tri!!erin! ed!e of the cloc7 pulse in order fro the levels to &e relia&le
cloc7ed into the flip-flop)
Flip-Flop 5peratin! Characteristics
The si!nal, D, must appear on the pin at least t
s
seconds &efore
the risin! ed!e of the cloc7 in order to insure relia&le data)

4old Time

The minimum amount of time re:uired for the lo!ic levels to remain on
the inputs after the tri!!erin! ed!e of the cloc7 pulse in order for the
levels to &e relia&ly cloc7ed into the flip-flop)
Flip-Flop 5peratin! Characteristics
The hold time is necessary to !ive the flip-flop time to sta&iliBe from the cloc7
transition)

@aCimum Cloc7 Fre:uency /f

maC
0

The hi!hest rate the flip-flop can &e tri!!ered)

-ulse 2idths /t
w
0

@inimum pulse widths for relia&le operation for the cloc7, preset, and
clear inputs)

-ower Dissipation /p
d
0

The total power consumption of the device

e)!) For a < ma !ate>

Flip-Flop 5peratin! Characteristics
P=Vcc X Icc=&v x&ma='&m(
Flip-Flop .pplications

-arallel Data Stora!e

This is a &asic re!ister architecture
used in many di!ital applications)

Fre:uency Division
Flip-Flop .pplications
Some parts of di!ital systems operate at
a slower rate than the cloc7) /Serial I85,
.8D conversion, etc)0 Flip-flops can &e
used to divide the master cloc7 fre:uency
into slower cloc7 cycles for these
applications) ;ote that the divided
fre:uencies are still in sync with the
master cloc7)
Cascadin! the flip-flops !ives !reater
fre:uency division /divide &y # for each
section0

Countin!

5ne of the most important applications of flip-flops is in di!ital

counters)

Di!ital counters not only count thin!s, &ut are useful as fre:uency
meters, parts of .8D converters, etc)
Flip-Flop .pplications
Flip-flops can &e cascaded to !et a lar!er di!ital
count from the device)

5ne-Shots

. one-shot is a monosta&le multivi&rator with only one sta&le state)

It is used to create pulses &ecause when it is tri!!ered it moves to its

unsta&le state, remains there for a predetermined amount of time then
returns to its sta&le state)

They are useful for creatin! DeventsE and tri!!erin! other devices)

They are either retri!!era&le or nonretri!!era&le)

;onretri!!era&le F will not respond to a tri!!er unless it has returned to its sta&le state)

1etri!!era&le F will len!then the output pulse if tri!!ered &efore returnin! to sta&le state)
The 1-C series circuit provides a timin! circuit
to esta&lish the pulse width)
5ne-Shots

%9,#, ;onretri!!era&le 5ne-Shot

This device uses a Schmitt-Tri!!er that
provides hysteresis to prevent erratic
switchin!)
5ne-Shots
The <<< Timer

.n unusually versatile IC that can &e

confi!ured for different modes of
operation

@onosta&le multivi&rator /one-shot0

.sta&le multivi&rator /oscillator0

(asic 5peration

Comparator loo7s at eCternal volta!e

Dischar!e circuit can dischar!e a

capacitor in a timin! circuit

Threshold circuit used to set either

mono or asta&le modes

@onosta&le /5ne-Shot 5peration0

The <<< Timer
. sin!le pulse is output with a pulse
width set &y the timin! circuit 1, and
C,) C, char!es until it reaches the
threshold when it tri!!ers the &e!innin!
of the pulse) 3, turns on and starts to
dischar!e C, &rin!in! it &elow the
threshold resettin! the timer)

.sta&le 5peration
The <<< Timer
Two different time constants are
esta&lished &y 1,, 1# and C,)
;ote also that the Tri!!er input is
connected to the Threshold input
causin! it to retri!!er when C,
dischar!es)
C-LD @acrocells

C-LD macrocells also contain flip-flops

They can &e confi!ured for com&inational lo!ic /not usin! the flip-
flops0 or re!ister lo!ic /usin! the flip-flops0

The GilinC Cool1unner II @acrocell

This macrocell can &e
pro!rammed to &e either a
com&inational lo!ic cell that
!enerates S5- terms, or
confi!ured for re!istered
lo!ic functions that can use
the flip flop to sta!e data
and allow it to &e cloc7ed
onto a data path)