The term gender role refers to the expectations regarding the proper behavior,

attitudes, and activities of males and females. For example, we traditionally think of
toughness as masculine and desirable only in men while we view tenderness
as feminine. The existence of gender roles does not simply imply that inevitably,
males and females will assume certain roles, nor does it imply that those roles
emphasize the fact that males and females are not genetically predetermined to
occupy certain roles. Sch103 TAKEN

Gender is especially influential, explaining a variety of phenomena intimate
relationships, such as the way people communicate, how they express themselves
sexually, how they deal with conflict, and what they feel their responsibilities are.
Culturally defined gender expectations in families are certainly changing. But men
and women are still likely to enter relationships with vastly different prospects,
desires and goals. N463 TAKEN

Traditional gender role socialization encourages women to be sensitive, express
affection, and reveal weakness, whereas men are taught to be competitive, strong
and emotionally inexpressive. N463 TAKEN

Gender differences also influence the way men and women react to stress the
fight-or-flight reaction that is thought to play a part in heart disease, stroke and
coronary-artery disease, among other ailments. In earlier days, when a primitive
man was threatened by wild animals while hunting, testosterone combined with
adrenaline enabled him to react quickly to danger. This intense type of reaction is no
longer important and may be part of the reason men suffer more heart attacks than
women. Women, it appears, react more slowly to stress, putting less pressure on the
blood vessels and the heart. Although learned behavior might play a role in womens
response to stress, biology is no less important. TAKEN

When women are confronted by stress, they with and support from others. The
support they seek is usually from other women. This befriending behavior has been
linked with the hormone oxytocin, which is released by the body during stress. It
has been shown to make both rats and humans calmer, less fearful and more social.
Although men also secrete oxytocin, male hormones reduce its effects. Female
hormones, on the other hand, amplify its effects. (Jablon, 2000)

Although many differences between males and females have a biological basis,
other physical conditions may be tied to cultural influences and variations in
environment and activity. Changing cultural standards and patterns of social
behavior have had pronounced effect on other traits that formerly were thought to
be linked to sex. For example, the rising incidence of lung cancer among women - a
disease historically associated primarily with men can be traced directly to
changes in social behavior and custom, not to biology; women now smoke as freely
as men. TAKEN
In sum, differing learned behaviors contribute to the relative prevalence of certain
diseases and disorders in each sex. However, not all male-female differences in
disease rate and susceptibility can be attributed to these factors. In addition to
genetically linked defects, differences in some basic physiological processes such as
metabolic rates and adult secretions of gonadal hormones may make males more
vulnerable than females to certain physical problems. TAKEN

Even though physiological factors tend to play an influential part in gender role
differences, biology does not determine these differences. Rather, people acquire
much of their ability to fulfill their gender role through socialization.




































SUMMARY OF CORRECTIONS:

1. Title Changed from Factors Affecting the Gender Differences of the
University of the Cordilleras Nursing Students in Response to Stress to A
Comparative Study in the Stress Response among Student Nurses of the
University of the Cordilleras
2. Acknowledgement added
3. Pagination applied
4. Modified Background of the Study
Stated sources that defines gender roles
Deleted sections that was irrelevant
Defined variables in Paradigm of the study
5. Modified Paradigm of the study
6. Modified statement of the problem
7.