AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF ENGINE

SPEEDS OF HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR

Construction industry in the world comprises of many functions such as infrastructure
development like constructions of Roads, bridges, flyovers, dam and canal construction for
irrigation and mining industries where excavation of ores is predominant. In the mining
industry due to the large scale operations manual labours are limited to clerical and accounting
only. Excavation of ore from mines is performed by hydraulic excavators which use fluid power
to move their attachments for digging and loading of ores . Most of the excavators have prime
movers as diesel engine but very few are run by electric motors. Due to the scarcity in electric
power and huge economic burden, construction and mining industries use diesel engine as
prime movers for hydraulic excavator.
This project aims at designing an automatic speed controller for the diesel engine of hydraulic
excavator which results in less fuel consumption . The engine control provides complete
automation and safety of diesel engine. The controller controls the starter and fuel thus
completely taking the operator out of picture. A built in speed switch controls both starter
disengagement and over speed protection.




IGNITION






BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
CONTROLLER
PRESSURE SENSOR
FUEL DIAL
ALTERNATOR
BATTERY

GOVERNOR MOTOR
GOVERNER MOTOR
FEEDBACK
FEATURES
FUEL DIAL
PRESSURE SENSOR
ALTERNATOR
GOVERNER MOTOR FEEDBACK
FUNCTIONS AS SHOWN IN TABLE BELOW
WORKING
All the above functions must happen when the switch is in run mode. If the switch is in the calibrate
mode, controller must move the governer motor by one step and remain in that position for 5 sec. get
feedback from governer motor confirm its position matching to actual position then increment to next
step.this way it should complete, the movement of governer motor to full scale. After calibrating engine
must stop.
If there is a difference in actual position and feedback signal controller must stop calibrating,suitable
error code must be displayed on the display unit.
When ignition key is put on, it must check for abnormality signal from the various input devices
connected.if abnormal signals are detected same must be displayed on the display unit with suitable
error code.
When ignition key moved to ON position and engine is in OFF position that is when no signal from the
alternator, pressure signal cannot go high-check for the same.
SWITCH-S1 POSITION INPUTS GOVERNER
MOTOR
POSITION
H S IGNITION
KEY
ALT VOLTS PRESSURE
SENSOR
FUEL DIAL
1 0 0 0 0 0 B
1 0 1 0 0 0 B
1 0 1 1 0 0 B
1 0 1 1 1 0 B
1 0 1 1 1 X X
1 0 1 1 1 FULL E
0 1 0 0 0 0 B
0 1 1 0 0 0 B
0 1 1 1 0 0 B
0 1 1 1 1 0 B
0 1 1 1 1 X X*
0 1 1 1 1 FULL D
0 1 0 1 1 FULL B
It must not be possible to start the engine from rest if the fuel dial is in other than zero position.check
for the same.
LEDs corresponding to the input signal must glow in the presence of signal within the limits.
It must be possible to display the amplitude the amplitude of each input and output signal on the display
unit cyclic basis.that is each time push button next to display unit is depressed it must display the value
with symbols corresponding to
th
e input or output.