Colour Fastness

Presented
By
T. SRIVANI
Textile testing
Textile testing include:
Development of new fabrics
Maintenance of desired quality level
Analyzing the cause of the problem in fabric
Determination of acceptable consumer
performance level
Different kinds
Tensile testing
Crease recovery
Abrasion testing
Color fastness
Burning test
Fiber identification
Twist measurement
Stiffness testing
Textural rigidity
Crease resistance
Pilling test
Calculation of G.S.M
COLOUR FASTNESS
The property of a pigment or
dye, or the leather, cloth, paper,
ink, etc., containing the coloring
matter, to retain its original hue,
especially without fading,
running, or changing when
wetted, washed, cleaned; or
stored under normal conditions
when exposed to light, heat, or
other influences.
Colour Fastness
Property of fabric to keep its color intact on applying
external force or reagent. Textile materials change color
due to influence of various conditions.
Environmental factors such as sunlight, wear factors such
as abrasion cause colors to be altered. Perspiration as well
as laundering and dry cleaning cause color changes in
fabric.
IMPORTANCE OF TESTING
COLOR FASTNESS
The color of a textile is the most important attribute in terms
of marketing
Adds to the garment quality
Determines the durability of fabric
Mandatory for fabrics to be colorfast as per usage.
To estimate the quality parameters
To standardize
To meet company standards
To adhere to customer requirements
NEED FOR TESTING
Gray Scales
It is a scale graded up to 5 used for evaluating change in
color and staining.
The specimens are manually evaluated on a 5-4-3-2-1
scale where class 5 means no shade change and class 1
means a very great shade change. An average of rating is
taken as a result.
Intermediate ratings like class like 3.5 or class 3-4 are also
used
Problems faced with the fabric
Colour loss- on washing, dry cleaning, perspiration.
Staining- Garments are often in contact with each other while
being worn or cleaned. The migration of color from one
garment to another can result in the staining. The staining
effect can be determined at the same time as the color
fastness test is performed by attaching a special white fabric
strip to the test specimen at beginning of the test and
evaluating the strip after the color fastness test has been
completed.
Methods for determining colour fastness
Rubbing
Observation after dry cleaning
On passing light (xenon arc light)
Observation after perspiration
Observation of a fabric on washing
Frosting
CLASSIFICATION OF COLOR
FASTNESS
Light fastness
Washing fastness
Rubbing fastness
Perspiration fastness
Drycleaning fastness
Rubbing/Crocking
The color transference by rubbing from one colored textile
material to other. The scope of the crocking test does not
include how well a textile material withstands a rubbing action
before physical signs of how a color change begin to appear.
These are examined in a abrasion test or a color fastness to
frosting test.
Materials- Rubbing cotton cloth (4 inch *4 inch), colored fabric
which is to be rubbed 4cm*8cm
Machines- Scissors, corckmeter
Crockmaster COLOUR FASTNESS TO
RUBBING TESTER 670
Machines used for rubbing
Motorized Smooth, precision-
engineered mechanism with-
pre-settable digital counter
guaranteed accuracy of loading and
stroke length.
Crockmaster COLOUR FASTNESS TO
RUBBING TESTER 680
Observation after dry-cleaning
This test gives an indication as to what will happen to the
color of the textile material after repeated commercial dry
cleanings.
Perchloroethylene is used in the test for several reasons:
It is one of the two most widely used dry cleaning solvents,
the other is Standard solvent);
It is slightly more severe in solvent action than the
Standard solvent.
Materials-Fabric to be tested, adjacent fabric, gray scale.
Machine used for dry cleaning test
Used to investigate color
fastness to washing,
drycleaning and chlorinated
water, of textile and leather
Specimens.
Gyrowash WASHING & DRY
CLEANING COLOUR FASTNESS
TESTER
Color fastness to perspiration
Specimen of the textile in contact with adjacent fabric are
treated in two different solution containing histidine, then it is
drained and placed between two plates under a specified
pressure in a testing device. The specimen and the adjacent
fabric are dried separately. The change in color of each
specimen, staining of adjacent fabric is assessed with gray
scale.
Materials-Sample fabric (Viscose 10cm*4cm), adjacent fabric
(Viscose and Wool), Thread
Machines-scissors, perspirometer
Machines used for perspiration testing
The Perspirometer applies a
specified pressure to a package of
test specimens separated by acrylic
or glass plates. The spring loaded
mechanism ensures the correct
pressure is maintained when the
loading Weight is removed.
Perspirometer COLOUR FASTNESS TESTER
Colour fastness to washing
The fabric lose their color on washing either due to poor
quality of dyes used or due to its own properties thus to
determine the color fastness of any fabric this test is
performed on it.
In this the sample in contact with pieces of specified
adjacent fabric is mechanically agitated in soap solution,
rinsed and dried. The change in the color of specimen and
staining of adjacent fabric are assessed with the grey scale.
Launderometer is used for this purpose.
Materials-Fabric to be tested, adjacent fabric as required,
steel jar, stainless steel balls (for vigorous washing at 95C)
Chemicals-Soap solution:
40C-soap soda solution i.e. 5 gm soap in 1L of water.
50C, 60C, 95C- 5 gm soap+2gm soda+1L of water.
Machine used
Used to determine the stability of fabrics
and garments to washing and to
investigate the effects of detergents and
chemicals on colors
Wascator FOM71 CLS - Programmable
Automatic Washing Machine
Colour fastness to light
Specimen of textile is exposed under specified conditions to
light, Xenon Arc Lamp. At the same time and the same
cabinet 8 standard patterns of blue wool cloth are exposed to
light. The fastness is assessed by comparing the changing
color of textile with that of standard pattern.
Materials Used
Sample fabric to test color fastness (1cm*4.5 cm), blue
wool, and standard pattern (grading 1 to 8)
Equipments and Machines Used
Scissor, Xenon Tester
Xenon Tester comprises of xenon arc lamp which is
equivalent to sunlight. Here color fastness is measured in 24
hours which takes long time in sunlight. These 8 samples can
be mounted together at a time which rotates so that equal
amount of light falls on each sample.
Machines used
Advanced light fastness tester
used for plastics, paper,
rubber and textiles
Solarbox is Table top Xenon Arc
Weathering and Light Fastness
Tester for plastic, paints, textiles,
cosmetics, pharmaceutics and
others.
Solarbox
APOLLO Xenon Arc Light and Weather Fastness
Tester 700
Colour assessment cabinets
The Verivide provides
standardized viewing conditions
for the visual assessment of
color. The new C.A.C. range
features membrane switching
and electronic ballast control of
the lamps. Both 26 mm and 38
mm diameter lamps can be
installed as well as a
combination of both.
Verivide color assessment cabinets
Colour matching systems
Handles all of the color
matching needs including:
Formulation, Batch
Correction, Grouping,
Curve Generation,
Dyestuff/Pigment
Blending, Mlange Fiber
Blending, Shade Library,
and Strength Analysis.
COLORLAB+ color matching system
Thank You