EXP NO:4 STUDY OF FORCED VIBRATION CHARACTERSTICS OF MULTI DEGREE OF

26.08.2010 FREEDOM TOWER

AIM
To obtain the natural frequency & mode shape of the multi-storied tubular tower under
forced vibration.
APPARTUS:
Scaled model of 5 storied tubular tower
Digital Oscilloscope !gilent Technologies
!ccelerometers "#$
%&citer-Syscon product'S())*-model+
THEORY:
! five storied tubular tower model sub,ected to harmonic e&citations is studied. The
ob,ective is to understand the response behaviour of the tower under -nown input e&citation
while reali.ing the occurrence of resonance phenomenon in multi degree-of-freedom
systems. The tower/ rectangular in plan consists of four columns & four beams at each floor
without roof cover at any floor. The model is a five-storied tubular tower/ with regular shape &
si.e in plane & elevation. The model has stiffness properties 'for columns+ and mass
properties/ uniformly distributed in plan & elevation as well.
The study of this model under harmonic base e&citation is an ideali.ed one as only
simple harmonic motion is e&cited instead a complete random time history. $odel is clamped
at the base using the mounting screws available. 0nput e&citation signal can be altered by
varying the frequency 'for a fi&ed amplitude/ which is determined as a safe value to avoid
catastrophic damage to the model+ of the e&citer using the relevant control mechanisms.
!cceleration time history of the response of the tower in all the floors is recorded using the
oscilloscope. #y changing the e&citation frequency/ one can easily visuali.e the set of natural
frequencies & the corresponding mode shapes of this four-storied tubular tower structure.
WORING PRINCIPLE:
The $DO1 system is provided with a forced e&citation at frequencies up to (** ". at
intervals of ( ". and it undergoes resonance at few particular frequencies. The acceleration
values pic-ed up by accelerometers placed at each floor/ displayed by the data acquisition
system corresponding to the input vibration show spi-e or pea- at these frequencies.
1igure 2.(3 Schematic Diagram of a $DO1 system
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
The model is mounted on fi&ed based using clamps. !ccelerometer are mounted/ one
on each floor & the signal pic--up is connected to data acquisition system through the
required amplifiers.
The test setup is shown in the figure 2.)
1igure 2.)3 %&perimental set-up for forced vibration of a 5 storied structure
PROCEDURE:
$ount the model on the fi&ed base.
1i& accelerometers at every floor. #e sure to connect their primary direction of signal pic--
up in the same orientation.
Set the model into forced vibration by applying -nown harmonic input. 4ary the frequency
continuously 'and gently+ so that you shall not miss the natural frequency bands.
Observe the acceleration response history in the oscilloscope. 1rom the acceleration time
history/ derive the displacement time histories & record these values in the Table.
5epeat the e&periment for different added mass at the top floor. 5ecord your observations
with respect to the change in added mass made to the model.
The frequency range for e&periment should be chosen to include the natural frequencies
of the model. Set the input loading for a set of constant amplitudes with varying
frequencies. 0t is suggested to fi& the range of frequency are not missed.
The frequencies at which the model undergoes resonance can be identified by observing
the variation of response amplitudes. The sudden shoot up values of response amplitude
will indicate the resonance frequency6 note these frequencies. !t resonant conditions/ in
addition to noting the amplitude of tip displacements/ also note whether the model is
vibrating in phase or not6 indicate your observations on the remar-s7observations
#ased on the above information/ determine the natural frequencies & the corresponding
mode shapes. 8ompare it with the analytical values obtained. 9lot the mode shapes/ both
analytical & e&perimental values/ to scale.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:
The frequency is varied from ( to (** "./ and the acceleration measured from different
accelerometer fi&ed at different levels in the model is noted. These values are plotted for
individual accelerometer.
S: ;o
1requenc
y '".+
!ngular frequency
'5ad7 cycle+
Displacement 'mm+
2
th
1loor
<
rd
1loor
)
nd
1loor
(
st
1loor
( (=.** (**.2> (.=> (.<5 (.)? *.@2
) )=.** (=<.)> ).2? (.?2 (.<> *.?5
Table 2.(3 %&perimental values for the forced vibration of the 5 storied tower
FLOOR F1!16H" F2!26H"
( (.** (.**
) *.>* *.?*
< *.?= *.5=
2 *.5= *.<*
Table 2.)3 5elative Displacements of the 2 floors

1igure 2.<3 $ode shape of the 5 storied tower obtained e&perimentally
-2*
-)*
*
)*
2*
-<*
-)*
-(*
*
(*
)*
<*
-)*
-(*
*
(*
)*
* (* )* <* 2* 5* =*
Time 's+
-(5
-(*
-5
*
5
(*
(5
1igure 2.23 Time series of the accelerometers at different floors
* (* )* <* 2* 5* =* ?* >*
1requency '".+
*
*.)
*.2
*.=
*.>
(
* (* )* <* 2* 5* =* ?* >*
1requency '".+
*
*.(
*.)
*.<
*.2
*.5
*.=
*.?
*.>
1igure 2.53 11T of the accelerometer data from 2
th
floor and <
rd
floor
* (* )* <* 2* 5* =* ?* >*
1requency '".+
*
*.(
*.)
*.<
*.2
*.5
*.=
* (* )* <* 2* 5* =* ?* >*
1requency '".+
*
*.*5
*.(
*.(5
*.)
*.)5
*.<
1igure 2.=3 11T of the accelerometer data from (
st
floor and )
nd
floor
ANALYTICAL APPROACH:
The given model can be idealised into as shown3
1igure 2.?: 0dealised spring model
1ree body diagram
A
(
B
(
A
)
'B
)
-B
(
+

A
)
'B
)-
B
(
+

A
<
'B
<
-B
)
+

A
<
'B
<
-B
)
+

A
2
'B
2
-B
<
+

A
2
'B
2
-B
<
+


1igure 2.>31ree body Diagram of idealised 2 storey tower
!pplying equilibrium condition for each mass/ we get
$
(
C 'A
(
CA
)
+B
(
- A
)
B
)
D * 6
$
)
-A
)
B
(
C 'A
)
CA
<
+B
)
A
<
B
<
D * 6

$
<
A
<
B
)
C 'A
<
CA
2
+B
<
-A
2
B
2
D * 6
$
2
A
2
B
<
C A
2
B
2
D * 6
The above set of equations can also be represented in matri& format as shown below
M1
M2
M3
M4
M
1
M
2
M
3
M
4
K
4
K
3
K
2
K
1


$ass $atri& !cceleration vector Stiffness $atri& Displacement vector
The stiffness of a spring is given by the formula/
1 2
3
12EIn n
k
l
=
Ehere/ n
(
Dno of columns that are parallelly located
n
)
Dno of frames that are parallelly located
Fsing $!T:!# the above matri& is solved to obtain the %igen vector and %igen values.
;atural frequency/ 1
n
D
Therefore the natural frequencies are
1
(
D (5.=<== ".
1
)
D 2?.55@? ".
1
<
D ?5.()@? ".
1
2
D @2.)<*= ".
The %igen vectors are given by3
D D
15.6366 0
0 0
0 47.5597
0 0
0 0
75.1297 0
0 0 0
94.2306
-0.1893 0.4286 0.4833
-0.9184
-0.3656 0.5848 0.2004
0.4537
-0.4969 0 .0737 -0.6532
-0.2069
-0.5668 -0.5216 0.3535
0.0595
+
= 0
X
1

X
2

X
3

X
4
K
1
+K
2
-K
2
0 0-
K2K
2
+K
3
-K
3
00-K
3
K
3
+K
4
-K
4
00-
K
4
K
4
M
1
0 0 0
0 M
2
0 0
0 0 M
3
0
0 0 0 M
4


1loor :evel
5elative displacement w.r.t ma& vector
*.5==> *.5>2> *.2><< *.25<?
(
*.<< *.?< (.** -).*)
)
*.=5 (.** *.2( (.**
<
*.>> *.(< -(.<5 -*.2=
2
(.** -*.>@ *.?< *.(<
Table 2.<3 5elative Displacement
The mode shapes for the above frequency are given below3


1igure 2.>3 $ode shape of the 5 storied tower obtained analytically
RESULT3
The natural frequency of each modes are found by e&perimental and by analytical
methods.
CONCLUSION3
The natural frequency found by each method are given below
%&perimental
method
!nalytical
approach
(= ". (5.=<== ".
)= ". 2?.55@? ".
?5.()@? ".
@2.)<*= ".
Table 2.23 8omparison of natural frequency between the %&perimental approach and
analytical approach
INFERENCE:
The fundamental natural frequency is found to be the lowest natural frequency/ therefore
1D(= ". both from analytical and e&perimental methods
The model structure can be idealised into a cantilever beam/ where the deflection should
be ma&imum at free end/ which is true from the e&periment.
0n analytical method the total number of natural frequencies are found to be more/ when
compared to e&perimental method/ since the frequency are found only for a particular
range/ but in case of analytical method the frequencies are found by relating mass and
stiffness.
The values obtained by e&perimental and analytical varies/ since while doing analytically
method the moment of inertia has to be ta-en as moment of inertia of crac-ed section/ i.e.
instead of finding stiffness of the crac-ed section we idealised to be a linear and found
stiffness for uncrac-ed section. This ma-es difference in frequency values.
The e&perimental method was limited by the data acquisition capacity of the D!G with the
sampling frequency.
0f the natural frequency of a system coincides with the frequency of earthqua-e waves/
then resonance occurs and it leads to instability of the structures.
REFERENCE:
www.ni.com
www.b-sv.com