Period 6

Chapter 21
A Second World War
Pages 996-1005
The Road to War in Asia Pages 996-999
-How did WWII start in Asia? Japanese military became more powerful & Japan was becoming more
nationalist
Japan felt threatened by the rise of Chinese nationalism, so they seized
control of Manchuria in 1931 and created a puppet state called Manchukuo
This upset Western Powers, so Japan withdrew from the League of Nations
Japan broke politically from its Western allies but got closer with Germany
and Italy
Its continually deteriorating relationship with China led to a full attack on
heartland China in 1937
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1945
o Undertaken with reluctance after failed negotiations to end
American hostility to Japanese empire-building
-When does Strayer argue that
WWII starts?
When Japan attacks China in 1937
-Why did Japan feel isolated
and encircled in the 1920s and
1930s?
International agreements in the 1920s granted Japan an inferior naval force
Anti-Japanese immigration policies in the US convinced Japan that European
racism prevented the West from acknowledging Japan as an equal
Japan was dependent on foreign goods
Western Imperialist powers controlled resource-rich colonies in SE Asia
Soviet Union (communist) was growing in N. Asia

The Road to War in Europe Pages 999-1000
-What role did WWI play in
causing WWII?
Nazi Germany was upset after their defeat in WWI and the harsh terms of
the Treaty of Versailles
Nazis pledged to rectify the treatys perceived injustices
Nazism was born out of WWI, the Treaty of Versailles, & the ex-soldiers of
WWI
The celebration of war as a means of ennobling humanity and enabling the
rise of superior peoples was at the core of Nazi ideology
-What is lebensraum? What
role did that concept play in the
lead-up to war in Europe?
Lebensraum = living space
Hitler stressed importance of Germany gaining lebensraum in the east (Slavic
Poland and Russia)
-What event started WWII in
Europe? When did this occur?
1935: Beginning of Nazi Germany territorial expansion, major rearmament
program
1936: Germany enters Rhineland, declared demilitarized by Treaty
1938: Germany annexes Austria & the German-speaking parts of
Czechoslovakia, conference at which British& French reluctantly allow
German expansion hoping it would please Hitler & avoid full war
1939: German attack on Poland, Britain and France declare war on
Germany
1940: Germany defeats France & launches an air war on Britain, Italy joins
the war by invading France
1941: Germany attacks Soviet Union
-How was the fighting and
tactics in WWII different from
WWI?
Blitzkrieg: lightning warcoordinated rapid movement of infantry, tanks,
and airpower over very large areas
-When does WWII end in
Europe?
1942: US joins struggle against Germany
1945: German defeat

-Map on p. 998

-Describe the Allied
advances from 1942-1945.
Who seems to be winning:
Japan or the Allies? How
do you know?
Allied forces have made far more advances that cover larger distances and also
control a greater amount of land
-What technologies would
have been helpful here?
How does geography
affect the fighting?
Air & water: Submarines, ships, planesanything that doesnt require land
-When are the two atomic
bombs dropped on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
1945

-Map on p. 1000

- Yellow lines: Where is
Germany attacking?
When?
Axis-held, early November 1942 & Allied powers + their allies
- Where did the US and
Britain attack first, in
1942-1943?
N. AfricaAlgeria (France), Egypt
-When do US, British, and
Canadian forces attack the
bulk of the German army
in Northwestern Europe?
1940+
-How do the outcomes of
battles start to change in
1943-1945?
US joins and Germany is unable to keep up
-When does Germany
surrender?
1945







Outcomes of Global Conflict Pages 1001-1005
-How does WWII compare to
WWI in terms of
destructiveness?
Most destructive conflict in world historyabout 60 million deaths, more
than half were civilians
-In what ways was WWII
considered a total war? What
examples support that
conclusion?
German bombing of British cities
Allied firebombing of Japanese and German cities
Dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Governments efforts to more extensively utilize their economies, militaries,
and propaganda
-How does WWII impact gender
roles?
Needs of war drew large numbers of women into industry and the military
o Seen only as temporary in the US and Britain
War heightened the prestige of masculinity
Women were cautious of directly challenging the practices of patriarchy
directly following the war
-What was the Holocaust? The mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period
194145
-What impacts does the
Holocaust have on the
international community?
New standards for human depravity
Sent Jews to Israel & gave an urgency to the establishment of a modern
Jewish nation in the ancient Jewish homelandupset Arabs who were
displaced
Genocide: attempted elimination of entire peoples
o Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Sudan
-What impact does WWII have
on the creation and
maintenance of European
colonies?
Its Asian and African colonies achieved independence
WWII weakened European power and boosted nationalist and anticolonial
movements in other places
-How does WWII strengthen the
Communist world?
Soviet victory over Nazis
Joseph Stalin
Communist parties took power across E. Europe
Communist takeover in China
WWII allowed Chinese Communist Party to gain support & credibility by
leading struggle against Japan
-What are the United Nations,
World Bank, and International
Monetary Fund?
United Nations: the nations that signed the joint declaration in Washington,
D.C., January 2, 1942, pledging to employ full resources against the Axis
powers, not to make a separate peace, etc.
World Bank: an international cooperative organization established in 1945
under the Bretton Woods Agreement to assist economic development, esp
of backward nations, by the advance of loans guaranteed by member
governments
International Monetary Fund: an international organization that promotes
the stabilization of the world's currencies and maintains a monetary pool
from which member nations can draw in order to correct a deficit in their
balance of payments: a specialized agency of the United Nations
-How is the post-war role of the
United States different than
after WWI?
More important and dominant after WWII