Building Foundation

By : Eng. A.A.Hafeel Ahamed

fw;ww; NgW Objectives
mj;jpthuj;jpd; gFjpfisg; ngaupl; Ljy;
mtw;wpd; mtrpaj;ij tptupj;jy;
mj;jpthu tiffisAk; mtw;wpd; tpNrlq;fSk;.
gy;NtW tifahd mj;jpthuq;fspd; NtWghLfis
tupg;glq;fSk;;.
FOUNDATION
fl;blq;fspd; Rik mJ jhq; fpapUf; Fk; epyg;gFjp
kPJ gjpAk; mikg; G mbj; jskhFk;. (mj;jpthuk;)

FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION

FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION
mj;jpthuj;ijj; jhq; Fk; epyj; jpd;
kz;
ghiw
my;yJ rpy Ntis Mw;wpy; / flypy;
mbg;gFjpahf ,Uf;fyhk;.


FOUNDATION - requirement
fl;blj; jpd;

1. epyj;jpy; cs;Ns ,be;J tpOtijj;
jtpu; g;gjw;Fk;

2. fhw;wpdhy; fl;blk; mbj; Jr; nry;tij
jtpu;g;gjw;Fk;

mbj; jsj; jpdhy; vjpu; ghu;f;fg;gLk; gad; ghlhFk;.

FOUNDATION - Importance
fl;blj;jpd; midj;Jr; RikAk;
khs; Rik (epiyahd ghuk;)
capu; Rik
epyj;jpd;kPJ gjpag;gLk; NghJ
jpuk;gy; my;yJ
cile;J Nghtjw;Fl;glhky; kz; tPq;Fjy;
RUq;Fjy; (tpupjy;> xLq;Fjy;)
ePu; ciuJYk;>
kz; rupT Nghd;w G+kpapd; NtWghLfspdhy;
fl;blj;jpy; jhq;F jd;ik> ghJfhj; Jf;nfhs;tjw;F
mj;jpthuj;jpdhy; vjpu; ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Failures..
Foundation Components
Footing
Foundation Components
(to attach wood stud sill plate)
(to keep water off of foundation wall)
(separates slab from foundation wall)
(to keep water off of slab)
(to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)
(moves water away from building)
(moves water away
from building)
FOUNDATION
fl;blj; jpd; ,aw;ifj; jd;ik
tif
tprhyk;
Rik kw;Wk;
kz;zpd; jd;ik

fUj;jpw;nfhz;L gy;NtW nghUl;fisg; gad; gLj;jp
mj;jpthuk; epu;khzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


fl;blj; jpy; mj;jpthuk; miktplk;

cjhuzkhf epy kl;lj;jpd;fPo; fl;blj;jpd; gFjp
mj;jpthukhf fUj KbAk; .

TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Major Building Parts


Superstructure


Substructure

Foundation
Site Layout
Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete
Layout building perimeter
Use batter boards
Establish building corners & building perimeter




Use surveying instruments




Excavation
Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards
Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter
Dont excavate inside soil if slab on grade




If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse
If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring




Pour Footings
Construct formwork (if required)
Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings
(protrudes above footing to tie-into
foundation wall)




Pour concrete footings
Smooth / finish surface




Rules of Thumb
Footing shall be below frost line
Footing width usually 2x height
Typical size (24 wide x 12 tall)






Rebar is usually 3 from edge of concrete
Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation
along the interior face of the foundation wall
Type of Foundation
1. Shallow Foundation 2. Deep foundation
js mj;jpthuk; Mokhd mj;jpthuk;
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Two types foundations : Shallow and Deep


Depends on whether the load transfer is at
deeper depths or shallower depths

- Need for these two types (soil strength,
ground water conditions, foundation loads,
construction methods and impact on adjacent
property)
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Shallow foundations (column footings
without or with tie/grade beams, individual
or combined wall footing, slab on grade, raft)


Deep foundations (caissons with or without
sockets, end bearing or friction piles, pile
groups), made of concrete (regular or site-
cast) or steel or wood
mj;jpthuj;jpdhy;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;w gad;fs;
1. xt; nthU ,lj;jpYk; ikar; Rik Vw;gLtijj;
jLg;gjw;F Rik gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLfpd; wJ.
2. Nky; mikg; gpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd kl;l Nkw;gug;igg;
ngw;Wf; nfhLj; jy;.
3. fPo; kz;gil kPJ jhq;Ffpd; w Rik kz;zpw;F
jhf; Fg;gpbf;FkhW gfpu;e;jspj;jy;. (fiyj; jy;)
4. kz;zpd; gbT Nrkpj;jpUg;gjdhy; fl;blk;
rha;tjw;F my;yJ GuOtijj; jLj; jy;.
5. fl;blk; epykl;lj;jpw;F fPo;f;nfhz;L
nry;tjd;%yk; jhq;Fjd;ik mjpfupj;jy;.
Footings
1. mj;jpthuj;jpd; J}z;
2. %L nfhq; fpwpw;Wg; gil (jdp nfhq; fpwpw;W
fk;gpaw;w)
3. mj;jpthuj;jpd; Nkw;js msT (mjd; mfyk;> jbg;G
(fdk;) jPu;khdpf;Fk; fhuzpfs;)
4. mbgPlr; Rtu; / Rtu;j;jsKfk; (Plinth Wall)
5. mj;jpthuf;fplq;if (Back fill) gpd; epug;Gjy;.
6. ePu; Gfh tup D.P.C
7. tPl;Lj;jsk; epug;Gjy;
mNdfkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; mj;jpthuk; Kiwahtd.
vy;yhr; Rtu;fSf;Fk; fPo;gf;fkhf mikf;Fk;
NtWglhj jskhFk;.
mj;jsk; fy;> nrq;fy;> nfhq; fpwPw;Wf;fspdhy;
epu;khzpf;F KbAnkd tpsf; fTk;.

mj;jpthuj; jsj; jpd; mfyk;> jbg;G> Mok;
jPu;khdpg;gjw;F; nry;thf; Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs;
js mj;jpthu tifAk; mit
mikf;Fk; ,lq;fSk;
1. vspa mj; jpthuf; fpW/gl;b (Strip Foundation)
2. xLq; fpa mj; jpthuf; fpW/gl;b (Narrow Strip
Foundation)
3. mfd;w mj; jpthuf; fpW/gl;b (Wide Strip Foundation)
4. tYT+l;lg;gl;l mj; jpthuf; fpW/gl;b (R.C.C. Strip
Foundation)
Strip Foundations
1. vspa mj;jpthuf; fpW/gl;b
(Strip Foundation)

xLq;fpa mj;jpthuf; fpW/gl;b
(Narrow Strip Foundation)

Pad Foundation
tYT+l;lg;gl;l mj;jpthuf;
fpW/gl;b (R.C.C. Strip Foundation)


Strip foundations
These are use to support
a line of loads such as a
load bearing wall.
They could also be used
where the line of
column positions are
so close that individual
pad foundations would
be pointless.

Raft Foundations njg;gk;
These are used to
spread the load from a
structure over a large
area.

This would normally
be the entire area of
the structure.


Raft foundations
Raft foundations are
often needed on soft or
loose soils which have
a low load bearing
capacity.

Pads and pile foundations
Pad foundations support
an individual point of load.

Piles are used to support
buildings in poor soil
conditions.
A basic pile foundation is a
series of stilts which rest
on a solid load bearing
layer.
Deep Foundations - Purpose

Transfer building loads deep into the earth
Basic types
Drilled (& poured)


Driven

Pile material
Steel; H- piles, Steel pipe
Concrete; Site cast or Precast
Wood; Timber
Composite
Driven Piles
Precast Concrete Plies
Pile installation using Drop Hammer
Pile Driving Rig - temporarily support the pile that being
driven and to support the pile hammer.

Jacked Piles are most commonly used in underpinning structures
By excavating underneath a structure short lengths of pile can be
inserted and jacked into the ground using the underside of the existing
structure as a reaction.

Ma;Tfs; %yk; njg;gk; (Raft), ghuKid (Pile)
mj;jpthu tiffis ,dq; fz;L
mtw;wpd; tupg;glq;fis tiue;J gFjpfSf;Fg;
ngauplTk;> mj;jpthuq; fspd;
mD$yq;fisf; Nfl;L mwptjw;F khztu;fis
<LgLj; jTk;.
,jw;fhf fsg;gazk; nkhd;iw Vw;ghL
nra;aKbAk;.
D.P.C - ePu; Gfh tup