SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR THE GENERAL AREA OF

(SULEMANKI BARRAGE PROJECT)






PREPARED BY
TALONS SECURITY SERVICES (PVT) LTD
7 October 2013

CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT


This report is an assessment of security situation around the general area comprising
the Project Location of the project TARBELA 4
TH
EXTENSION (T4HP) PROJECT
(TARBELA-GHAZI &TOPI)
.This report has been commissioned for M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd.
Lahore Office Address: 167 Sarwar Colony, Sarwar Road, Lahore Cantt. Pakistan and
prepared by M/s Talons Security Services (Pvt.) Ltd.

This report is based on confidential information collected from various government and
independent sources and is only intended to be viewed, reviewed and discussed by
authorized officers of M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd. or any other person duly
authorized for this purpose by M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd. .

M/s Talons Security services (Pvt.) Ltd holds the sole copyright for this report and
information contained therein. Any portion of this report may be produced as reference,
re-produced or re-published by giving credit to M/s Talons Security Services (Pvt.) Ltd.

This report is to be treated as restricted and confidential.

COMPANY LICENSE




TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1

Contents:
1.1 Introduction to the Project
1.2 Extensive Survey of the Area
1.3 Assessment
1.4 Recommendations


Part 2

General Assessment
2.1 Location of the Project
2.2 Access Routes to Project Site
2.3 Topography and Demographics
2.4 Social and Environmental Impact of the Project
2.5 Livelihood & Economic Conditions
2.6 Governance Level & Government Structures
2.7 Education & Healthcare Facilities





Part 3

Security Evaluation
3.1 History & Background of Militant Tendencies
3.2 General Crime Situations
3.3 Security Environment at Project & Office Sites
3.4 Current Security Trends & Environment
3.5 Terrorist Activities in the Area
3.6 Presence of Security Forces
3.7 Implications for M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd Corporation


Part 4

Annexures
4.1 General Maps Project Area
4.2 Technical Drawings/Maps of T4HP Project
4.3 Statistical Tables














PART 1





EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



1.1 Introduction to the Project

Government of Punjab is planning to undertake the rehabilitation of Punjab Barrages
and improvement and modernization of the irrigation and water management
system in the Punjab Province which involve the rehabilitation and up-gradation of
the Sulemanki Barrage. Governemnt of Punjab is looking for ADB fund for ulemanki
Barrage Rehabilitation & Upgradation work. The Environmental & Social Impact
Assessment study of the proposed project has been carried out in compliance
with Pakistan statutary requirement and Asian Bank Environment Policy.

Suleimanki Barrage was constructed on Sutlej River during 1924 - 1926 under the
Sutlej Valley Project (SVP). The barrage was designed for 325,000 cusecs
discharge. The barrage is located about 20km (12miles) from Haveli Lakha Town,
Tahsil Depalpur, District Okara. The barrage is about 150km (94miles) from
Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province and about 450km (281miles) from
Islamabad, the federal capital. It is situated on Sutlej River 112km (70miles)
downstream of Ferozpur Barrage and 184km (115miles) upstream of Islam Barrage.
Three irrigation canals Pakpattan, Fordwah and Eastern Sadiqia Canals are fed from
this barrage. The total canal command area of all the three canals is 2.5 million
acres, which is 9.25% of the total irrigated area of Punjab (27 million acres). The
total canals command area spread over the six districts of Punjab
Province Bahawalpour, Bahawalnagur, Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran.
Thus this barrage has considerable contributions in the agricultural production of
Punjab.

In 1960, under the agreement of Indus Water Treaty, India was given the rights of
three eastern rivers water of Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Consequently upon the
construction of dams and barrages on river Sutlej and Beas; the discharge in Sutlej
was reduced significantly. Ferozepur Barrage on Sutlej River lies in India just before
the river enters Pakistan.



India diverts almost all the river water from this barrage to its own i rrigation system
and the river reach at Suleimanki in Pakistan is perpetually bone dry for about 10
months of the year. In order to feed the three canals that off-take from Suleimanki
Barrage inter river link canal Baloki-Suleimanki Link (B.S Link) was constructed
with an initial discharge capacity of 15,800 cusecs for delivery into Sutlej River
upstream of Suleimanki Barrage. The BS Link was later remodeled a few times to
the current discharge capacity of 25000 cusecs.
Ever since its construction, the structure of Suleimanki Barrage has suffered heavily
from flooding during the monsoon periods. The barrage is about 84 years old now
and aging process together with inadequate/deferred maintenance has also
contributed towards general deterioration of the different components of the
Barrage. Irrigation & Power Department (IPD) engaged National Development
Consultants (NDC) in June 1998 for the safety evaluation of Suleimanki Barrage.
The study recommended that rehabilitation of the barrage be undertaken to
ensure safe operation of the barrage. Based on these recommendations, a
Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation & Modernization of the barrage was conducted
and prepared in May 2005. This study is carried out on the basis of the up-dating of
feasibility and detail design of the project. The report updating the previous EIA
report and also address the additional impacts identified during the up-dating
feasibility and detail design of Sulemanki Barrage R&U.

In 2009 with the funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB), the IPD initiated a
project Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP). The consultancy
of the project was awarded to a joint venture of NESPAK, AAB and DMC. One
component of PIAIP is updating of the Feasibility Study and detailed design for the
Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Suleimanki Barrage.










1.2 Extensive Survey of Assessment Area
Talons Security has been assigned the task of evaluating the overall security situation,
both existing and in near term, of the general area comprising the SULEIMANKI BARRAGE
and to give its independent assessment and recommendations regarding the same.

For this purpose, a senior management team of TALONS Security, including its CEO,
undertook the physical survey of the assessment area personally. Despite being a
closed and restricted area, the TALONS team was successful in conducting a detailed
survey of the SULEIMANKI BARRAGE facilities and the general area around the project site
both on the Right Bank and the Left Bank by using its personal contacts with area
people, government officials and law enforcement officials.
The barrage pond area provides the habitat of water fowl and many migrating birds visit
the site during winter, while the left guide bank is a habitat of mammals including blue
bull, hog dear and local birds e.g. peacock and partridge. Fish ladders are provided
along both the divide walls at Suleimanki Barrage. Both the fish ladders are in working
condition. However there is significant amount of vegetation and silt deposit found at the
upstream end of the fish ladders, which obstructs the fish movement and need to be
removed.

The studies of structural and mechanical components of the Barrage have envisaged
some structural and hydrological problem together with mechanical defects. If not
corrected, the consequances could be devestrated with the consequent risk of the
faliur of the whole system. Such a faliur could have catastrophic effect on the
economy of the farming community in the command area, result in changes of
morphology of the Sutlej River resulting into inundation and significant erosion of
agriculture land.
The scope of work will include but not be limited to repair the barrage structure including
barrage floor as well as floor extension, enhancing the barrage discharge
capacity, replacement of road bridge deck across the barrage, repair/replacement of
regulation gates gearing and hoisting devices, modernization of barrage structure,
installation of new vibrating wire piezometers and physical removal of the shoals (bela)
in the pond area, which is masking the left half of the barrage.

In order to improve the barrage resistance against the uncontrolled breaches, the
embankments will be strengthened leaving adequate free board against 100 year flood.
The bela upstream of the pond area will be partially trimmed to restore the approach
conditions and the capacity of the barrage pond. Upstream and downstream floor of the
barrage will be inspected and necessary repair works will be carried out. In addition, the
substrata and voids underneath the floors will be grouted under pressure. Existing
Public Park along the downstream right guide bank will be further developed under
this project.

It is also concluded that the barrage capacity is approximately 100,000 cusecs less than
the 100 year return period flood. Two options have been considered to handle the 100
year flood at Suleimanki Barrage;

Option 1: Addition of six (6) new bays along the right flank of the barrage to increase
the barrage discharge capacity.

Option 2: Provision of a spill channel with a spillway and fuse plug guarded spill weir
at RMB, a road bridge across the spill channel for Haveli Lakha-
Sulemanki Road, level crossing at Pakpattant Canal.


Neither of these options has any significant or permanent adverse environmental impact
and both options qualify for execution from the environmental point of view. However,
option 1 was rejected on technical basis and option 2 has been recommended in
the updating feasibility study for detailed design and implementation.

The project construction acitivities will be completed in three years in such a way that
the river flows will not intrupted in the construction phase. The canal gate repair work
will be undertaken during annual 3 weeks canal closure period. Alternative
arrangement will be provided at Pakpattan Canal during the construction of spillway to
maintain the canal supply. Therefore no extended canal closure will require for the
project.

1.3 Assessment

After undertaking extensive physical survey of the area, conducting interviews with area
notables & common people, local government & law enforcement officials and studying
other secondary reference material available on the assessment area with the
government and other agencies, the TALONS team has come to the general conclusion
that it is concluded that the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable,
economically sustainable, genderally neutral and pro-poverty alleviation.


Survey was conducted with the objectives to assess prevailing socioeconomic
conditions of the related communities and to predict the effects of the proposed different
alternatives of rehabilitation works. Simple Random Sampling Technique was used to
draw representative sample. The average household size is 6.3 and the sex ratio
(female: male) is 100:107. There are 5 Primary, 2 Middle and 1 High School for boys, 4
Primary, 1 Middle School and 1 High School for girls found in the area. The average
literacy level of the area is 47%. It was found that 77% of the household engaged in
agriculture. It was found that 100% of the respondent speak Punjabi language and
carry Islam as a religion. The major castes of the area are Maher and Watto. Rice,
Wheat and Cotton are the most popular crops cultivated in the study area. Females
participation for the betterment of the family is more as compared with the males. In
fact, rural women in the study area work 14 hours a day.
Women participate in agriculture activities such as sowing, hoeing, harvesting,
threshing, storage of crops and feeding the livestock.
It was found from ambient air quality monitoring that air is reasonably clean at present
as all the monitored parameters are within the limits of NEQS level. The climate of the
area is arid characterized by long hot summer and short mild winter. Wind speed varies
significantly over the year. Peak values were recorded during May during year
2007. The typical wind direction is south to north in most of the part of the year.

















PART 2





GENERAL ASSESSMENT



2.1 Location of the Project
The barrage is located at latitude of 30-33 North and longitude 73-52 East. It is about
12 miles East of Haveli Lakha Town. The barrage is about 70 miles below Ferozepur
Barrage (India) and 115 miles upstream of Islam Barrage. The barrage falls in Tahsil
Depalpour, District Okara. The barrage location is indicated on Figure-1.1. It is
connected to other parts of the country through roads and is about 94 miles from the
provincial capital Lahore and about 281 miles from Islamabad. Other main cities near
the barrage include Okara at about 31 miles, Pakpatan at about 37.5 miles and Kasur at
about 60 miles.

Project Location Map



















Suleimanki Headworks located at about 12 miles east of Haveli Lakha Town. The
barrage was constructed near the village Suleimanki during 1924-26 as a component of
Sutlej Valley Project. Soon after its commissioning in 1926, the Barrage experienced
substantial regression, in fact in the very first flood season, which necessitated some
modifications and alternations in 1930. Over the past eighty years or so the Barrage has
facilitated an efficient flow of irrigation water in three major canals; Sadiqia (design
discharge: 6080 cusecs) and Fordwah (design discharge: 3366 cusecs) canals which
off take from the left bank and irrigate areas in Bahawalnagar and Bahawalpur Districts
while the Pakpattan Canal (design discharge 6594 cusecs) off take from the right bank
meeting irrigation demands in the area in Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran
Districts. The three canals collectively command an area of 2.5 million acres.Barrage
Engineers opine that ordinarily, barrages like Suleimanki have an efficient life of
about 50 years and beyond which at some point old age symptoms start showing up.





























The Tarbela 4
th
Extension project is officially designated as being located in Tehsil
Ghazi, district Haripur though it can be said that geographically it is more part of Tehsil
Topi, district Swabi. The right bank of the Tarbela Dam project lies alongside Topi town
which has seen tremendous growth in infrastructure in recent years over the last 2
decades. The GIK Institute of Engineering & Technology in Topi is a Centre of
Excellence in Engineering in Pakistan. The Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate has also
been established in the area and it boasts a good communication infrastructure as well
as education and helath facilities.

The main objective of the T4HP Project is to utilize the existing irrigation Tunnel 4 of the
Tarbela Dam Project to supply water to a new power station to augment the power
supply to the country. A main requirement of the Project is that the new scheme does
not affect the ability of the Tarbela Dam Project to provide water for irrigation or other
purposes.

Very little extra land is being acquired for the T4HP project as enough land in the project
area is already available with WAPDA authorities, the Project owners, for final execution
of this project. There will also be very few direct affectees, if any, of the T4HP project
and hence the project can take off very quickly without getting involved into the time

consuming and controversial area of land acquisition and resettlement plans for affected
and dislocated persons.

The execution of the project will not lead to any major displacement of local population
and hence the need for a major subsequent resettlement effort by the government, as
was the case with Tarbela Dam project. This resettlement issue has historically been a
major road block in completion and execution of major hydro projects in Pakistan on
time, as these projects are mostly funded by the World Bank and the Asian
Development Bank and both have stringent standards for resettlement of affected
populations. In fact, both the original Tarbela Dam project as well as the run-of-river
Ghazi Barotha project suffered substantial delays and associated project cost
enhancements on account of the resettlement issues of affectees. Some affectees of
the Tarbela project have not yet been resettled and WAPDA authorities intend to
address those old issues and grievances during this project.
EXISTING BARRAGE STRUCTURE

At the time of completion of Barrage structure in 1927 the barrage comprised of:

Waterways
A main weir consisting of 24 bays of 60ft each with crest level 560ft amsl.
Right and left pocket, each consisting of 8 bays of 30ft each with crest level 8ft lower
than the main weir i.e. 552ft amsl.

Stilling Basin
The stilling basin for both main weir and under sluices is placed at RL 549.0 ft amsl. The
corresponding length for main weir and under sluices is 35 ft and 80 ft respectively. Two
rows of friction blocks of 2 ft high have been provided in the main weir.

Divide Wall
There are two divide walls at Suleimanki Barrage separating the central weir from the
right and left undersluices. Both the divide walls are 700 ft (213.36 m) long, which are

extending much beyond the Canal Regulators (Sadiqia Canal along left flank and
Pakpattan Canal along right). The top of the divide wall is 572ft amsl.

Fish Ladder
Two fish ladders exist at Suleimanki Barrage along both divide walls. During the course
of floods fish ladders function well and during low flow these remain dry.
Guide Bank
The guide banks at Suleimanki Barrage are unique as compared to any other barrage
as they are of converging type. The abutment to abutment width of the barrage is 2223
ft, while the width between guide banks at the nose is 1600 ft.

Road Bridge
Existing Structural Steel Bridge over the barrage is in bad condition and its deck needs
immediate replacement. Structural analysis of this bridge, as carried out during
feasibility design, has revealed that main steel members of the supporting system of the
bridge are in good condition and quite serviceable for future use except the deck.

Canal Head Regulator
There are three head regulators of off-taking canals from the barrage namely Pakpattan
Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal. There are 8 bays in Pakpattan Canal
head regulator, while Sadiqia Canal and Fordwah Canal have 7 and 5 bays
respectively. All canal regulators have 20 ft clear bays separated by 4 ft wide masonry
piers. Bifurcating pier between Fordwah and Sadiqia Canal is 8 ft wide. Masonry
arches of the bridges are supported by these piers. Piers are supported by plain
concrete floor, which is locally thicken at pier locations and serves as foundation
support for the pier. The steel gates are rusted and need immediate repair or
replacement.

Flood Retaining Bunds
Right and Left Marginal Bunds extending either side to a distance of about 10
miles upstream of the weir. LMB of the barrage virtually forms the border between
Pakistan and India and controlled by the Pakistan Army and Rangers.

Barrage Components
(a) Main Weir
Design discharge = 325,000 Cusecs
Total width between the guide wall = 2223 ft
Water way including undersluices
= 1920 ft
Highest flood level upstream (u/s)
= RL 572.00
Highest flood level downstream (d/s) = RL 569.00
No. of Bays
= 24
Width of each Bay = 60
Pier thickness = 7 ft
Crest width = 13.5 ft
Crest level = RL 560.00
(b) Left and Right Under sluices
No of bays : 8+8 = 16
Width of each bay = 30 ft
Pier thickness = 5 ft
Crest level = RL 552

(c) Divide Wall
Top Level = RL 572
Top Width = 5 ft

(d) Guide Banks Left Right
Length U/S (ft)
3500 3500
Length D/S (ft) 1200 1200
Top level (RL)
579 579
Top Width 56 56
Free Board (ft) 7 7
Front side slope 2:1 2:1
Rear side slope 3:1 3:1

(e) Marginal Bund Left Right
Length (ft) 47,500 63,000


(f) Canal Head Regulator
Item CANALS
Pakpattan Sadiqia Fordwah
Capacity (Cusecs) 6594 6200 3465
Crest level RL 559.00 559.00 561.50
Floor RL 552.00 552.00 552.00
Full supply level RL 567.30 567.50 567.50
No. of Bays 8 7 5
Width of each Bay 20 20 20
Pier thickness (ft) 4 4 4
D/S Floor level 555.30 557.50 559.50



THE PROBLEM
Suleimanki barrage is now 84 years old and in the aging process along with inadequate
or deferred maintenance has resulted in general deterioration and damages of its
different components like the regulation gates and hoisting equipment. The distorted
flow pattern oblique entry into the guide bank zone has provoked many problems, any
further damage to this barrage can result in colossal losses in the form of total or partial
disruption of irrigation supplies, agricultural crops, loss of government revenue, and
rehabilitation cost of emergency repairs. The barrage has therefore been identified
as a structure requiring repairs.
The wind system, the wooden deck, the road bridge all are at least 83 years old.
Though the brick masonry not showing any apparent sign of deterioration but it needs to
be examined closely and will be appropriately repaired if required. After the Indus Water
Treaty, the pond behind the headworks receives water from B.S. link canal and feed to
Eastern Sadiqia, Fordwah and Pakpattan canals. The water received from B.S. link
canal is too little to fully occupy the whole span of the river and therefore leads to bela
formation and reduce the pond capacity. Plates 3.1 to 3.4 are shown the different
components of the barrage.




The results of frequency analysis for the estimated flood peak for the 100 years return
period is 422,000 cusecs but the discharge calculation based on water level gate
opening data of 1988 flood shows that 330,000 cusecs passed through the barrage and
as reported in FFP at 2009, a discharge of 100,000 cusecs passed through breaches.
Therefore a discharge of 430,000 cusecs has been adopted as design flood for R&U
works of the barrage.
Realizing the gravity of the situation of this barrage Punjab Government has given due
attention to Sulemanki Barrage and has included it in the Phase-I program of
rehabilitation of barrages in Punjab.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The project aims to modernize water resources and irrigation infrastructure at the
Suleimanki Barrage. The project is designed to address the following issues:
The oblique approach of the river channel to the barrage encourages sedimentation
in the Barrage pond and reducing pond capacity is an important issue to address.
Exceptionally high floods caused heavy damages through breaches in the marginal
bunds because the barrage capacity is less than the 100 years return flood
value.
The flood embankments are deficient with respects to the highest flood level of
1988.
River training works especially pertaining to pitched island constructed about 4km
upstream of the barrage to keep the river approach straight is not providing the
anticipated results and the main channels strikes the right bank.
The decking of the road bridge has been deteriorated and become risky for present
traffic requirements.
Repairing / modernization of regulation machinery for the smooth operation of the
barrage.
Need for the enhancement of barrage capacity for 100 years return flood



























Project Layout of Selected Works Scheme


BASE LINE CONDITION
4.1 GENERAL
The purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the Physical,
Biological and the Social aspects of Environment of the project area. This chapter
assesses the extent of the Area of Influence (AOI) and describes the relevant
environmental conditions of the Study Area. This will assist in impact assessment and
suggesting the appropriate mitigation measures required.

4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The physical environment includes soil quality, water quality, ambient air quality and
climatic conditions.

4.2.1 Physiography and Soil
The major land form units of the area include Active/Recent flood plains, sub recent
flood plains and Piedmont Plains.
Active flood plains are narrow strips along the river and its tributaries. The plains
are inundated almost every year, covered with rich alluvium and are suitable for
agriculture. Sub recent flood plains also called alluvial terraces are depositional and are
separated from the adjoining active flood plains by the river cut bluffs ranging in height
from 2m to 10m. The sediments are called old alluvium and are composed of
compact calcareous silty clay.Piedmont plains develop between the mountain and
river. The Piedmont plains of River Sutlej fall in the Indian Territory. The river rolling
down the mountains become active only when rainfall takes place. It flows down the
slopes swiftly. On reaching the foothills, it looses speed and drops part of the load within
the streams, which split into a number of narrow channels. The gravel, sand and silt
thus deposited, form the alluvial fans. The Piedmont plains, dominated by the alluvial
fans, provide good soils and suitable topography for agriculture.






4.2.1.1 Soil Types
The Project area forms a part of the vast Indus plain, which is a part of the Indo-
Gangetic depression. This depression is of a synclinal nature. Synclinorium depression
is a fore deep downward of the Himalayan foreland of variable depth, converted into flat
plains by simple process of alleviation. The alluvial deposits consist on silty sand to silty
clay are underlain by rocks of Precambrian age i.e. Sandstone.
2 Surface Salinity
In the event of extended canal closure the saline area will be most vulnerable area in
the canal commands. Extended canal closure will not be require in this project, however
to deal with any accidental canal closure impacts the saline area in the canal
commands are identified. A study of surface salinity of the canal command areas
of Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal was undertaken by the
SCARPS Monitoring Organisation (SMO) and presented in their reports references:
S&R Publication No. 29, No. 33 and No. 35. The main parameters tested in the field
were EC and pH.
SMO arranged auger holes at suitable sites up to 180 cm depth or to the sloughing
material for the study within the canal command area. All the three canals irrigate a
considerable area of Southern Punjab. The canal command areas for Pakpatan Canal,
Sadiquia Canal and Fordwah Canal extend up to 1,058,000 acres, 1,260,000 acres and
474,000 acres respectively. The percentages of strongly saline (EC > 15ds/m) area
found within each canal command areas are summarized in following Table.
Considerable area was identified as strongly saline within the Fordwah Canal command
area.


3 Seismic Data
Due to the continental plate drift of Indian Plate and Asian Plate, Pakistan has been
suffered from the devastating earthquakes in past. NESPAK has been developed a
Seismic Zoning Map for Pakistan. The whole country is
Divided into following 5 zones:

Seismic Peak Horizontal
Zone Ground Acceleration
1 0.05 to 0.08g
2A 0.08 to 0,16g
2B 0.16 to 0.24g
3 0.24 to 0.32g
4 >0.32g

Where g is the acceleration due to gravity
Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan

. The project area falls within zone 2A as indicated in figure 4.1. Zone 2A represents
area of negligible damage from the earthquake. Design team has been consider the
possible
impacts of earthquake on the barrage structure.

4.2.2 Climate
No meteorological station is located within the project study area. The data and analysis
provided is based on yearly record from the monitoring station at Okara
managed by
Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD). The climate of the area is arid characterized
by
long hot summer and short mild winter. The summer extends from April to October.

4.2.2.1 Temperature
The mean temperature ranging between 39
o
C to 42
o
C in summer. May and June are
the hottest months during which maximum temperature may rise up to 50
o
C. The winter

lasts from December to February with minimum temperature ranging from between 2
o
C
to 5
o
C. January is the coldest month and chill prevails during the winter when cold
wave from Himalaya, lashes the area.
Average Maximum Monthly Temperatures, Okara (2007)























4.2.2.2 Rainfall & Humidity
The average annual rainfall in the area is 150 to 180mm. Nearly 60% of the
Precipitation is received during July to September whereas the rest is unevenly spread
over the remaining months. On the whole the rainfall is too scant and unreliable to be of
any agricultural use. The general evapo-transpiration is very high and the irrigation
requirements are met through the well organized (weir controlled) canal irrigation
system.
The average relative humidity was obtained from the Meteorological Department for Okara during
2007. Relative Humidity varied between 45% and 85%, peaking during the month of September

Average Relative Humidity, Okara (2007)


















The monthly rainfall varies significantly. The highest rainfall was recorded during
the monsoon months (June and July).
4.2.2.3 Wind
The wind speed significantly varied over the twelve month period. Peak values
were recorded during the month of May while the minimum wind speed occurred in the
months of October and January. The typical wind direction is south to north.

Average Monthly Wind speed, Okara (2007)



















4.2.3.1 Surface Water Quality
The natural surface water resources of the project area include Sutlej River, the canals
which off-take from the barrage, Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal,
and the BS Link Canal that has its outfall at the Sutlej River at the RME. The
river water discharge at Ferozpour Barrage by the Indian government is negligible
except during the monsoon period. The design discharge capacity of the canals
off take from Sulemanki Barrage are as follows;
Pakpattan Canal : 6,594 Cusecs
Sadiqia Canal : 6,080 Cusecs
Fordwah Canal : 3,366 Cusecs

The design discharge capacity of the canal brings water from Baloki Barrage to
Sulemanki
Barrage (BS Link Canal) is 22,000 Cusecs.
Sutlej River is now a non-perennial river as a result of the diversion of its water by
India, under the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Presently, its flow constitutes of water
mostly released from the BS Link Canal and occasional releases by India from
Ferozpour Barrage, mostly occurring during high flow season. Pakpattan and Sadiqia
canals are perennial canals where as Fordwah is non-perennial at the barrage. A drain
bringing wastewater from India converges with Sutlej River at about 6 km upstream
of the Barrage.
4.2.3.3 Flood Record
The most recent flood caused the breaching in LMB and RMB occurred in 1988.
According to the data received from irrigation department a discharge of 500,000
cusecs was received upstream of Suleimanki Barrage out of which 100,000 cusecs
escaped through the breaches in the marginal bunds and 400,000 cusecs passed
through the Barrage with a raised upstream barrage level. As per report of the
Punjab Government 28 people lost their lives, 10,263 cattle heads were lost, about 209
acres of cropped area were damaged during 1988 floods




The Punjab Irrigation Department generally defines flood limits as low, medium, high,
very high, and exceptionally high at key control points. River Sutlej flood limits revised
and fixed in 1974 by the Punjab Flood Commission for Suleimanki Barrage are given
below:
.


































Flood Plan near Suleimanki Barrage


4.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
4.4.1 General
A survey was carried out to appraise prevailing socio-economic conditions of the related
community in the project areas and to assess the impacts of envisaged rehabilitation
and upgradation of Sulemanki Barrage on local settlements to cover all the possible
options of work scheme. To achieve the project objectives, it is imperative to study the
prevailing socioeconomic and socio cultural aspects of their livelihood. For this purpose
a socioeconomic survey was conducted to assess the socio-economic condition of the
people. The study was completed by December 2009.

4.4.2 Study Area
Sulemanki Barrage is located in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara. Okara derived its name
from a tree known as OKAAN which was standing on the embankment of a water tank,
being maintained by a person known as RANA. Prior to colonization, that was the
only
place for rest and drinking water in an otherwise, barren tract. The Okara district
is
composed of three Sub Divisions/Tehsils Okara, Renala Khurd and Depalpur. The
Okara
district is bounded by district Faisalabad and Sheikhupura on the north-west where river
Ravi forms the natural boundary for the whole length of Okara district which is about 40
kilometers.

Okara has a wide variety of culture reflecting the traditions and customs of the area.
Fairs, Festivals and Sports Melas (Public congregations) held here. People from
different places visit these fairs. Temporarily shops put up for visitors shopping. Items of
entertainment which attract the people are tent pegging, horse races, donkey race, fight
between hounds with a bear, dog race, cock fighting, wrestling bouts, kabaddi, circus,
Theatre, touring cinemas, volley ball and foot ball matches etc. Folk singers thrill the
crowds. All these items are the sources of enjoyment for all age groups.
Depalpur has a great historic past and is a very ancient town. The fortified town of
Depalpur
is built on an old Kashan site (40 A.D. to 172 A.D.). Depalpur fell on the way to Dehli
and, as
such, was considered to be a place where an invader could be engaged.

Depalpur,
therefore, was one of the 3 lines of defence: the other 2 being Uch Sharif/Multan
and
Samana/Sunam and Hansi. (Aaeen-e-Akbari. Vol 1 Part II, Page 1042, by Abul Fazal).
Main
castes of the area are Kharrals, Sials, Wattos, Mohars etc. Total area is 2502 sq. Kms.

4.4.3 Data Source/Methodology
Findings/conclusion of the present socio-economic study of the Project Area based on
sample survey, discussion and meetings with the stakeholders and published data.

4.4.3.1 Secondary Data
Secondary data was collected from various sources as given below:
District Population Census Report, 1998
Provincial Population Census Report of Punjab 1998
Pakistan 2003 Mouza Statistics (Settled Areas)
4.4.3.2 Primary Data
It was difficult to interview every household from the Project Area as the time and cost
involved in such data collection and analysis was enormous. Thus for the
selection of respondents simple random sampling technique was adopted. According to
ADB guidelines, 20percent of the total households residing in the vicinity of
Sulemanki Barrage was calculated to determine the sample.
The sample size was 66 households. Another very important section of the society i.e.
gender analysis was also covered in the study. The numerical reality that women
constitute about half of the total population of Pakistan ideally assigns to them equal
participation role in the economic life of the country. Therefore 46 female respondents
were interviewed by female Sociologist.
Totally 112 questionnaires were filled at different locations in the study area. Among
the
respondents 66 were males for household survey and 46 were females for gender
survey.
The respondents were from all walks of life having different professional backgrounds.

4.4.3.3. Questionnaire Design
Following Questionnaires were designed and administered for the study:
Questionnaire for Village Profile
Questionnaire for Households
Questionnaire for Gender Analysis
All the questionnaires were pre-tested in the field and required modifications were made
before the initiation of actual survey.
A survey team consisting of three experienced Sociologists was constituted (two males
& one female). Briefing sessions were held for the survey team members to
explain the objectives of the study. Questionnaires were also discussed in detail in the
briefing session. To ensure that each interviewer understood the meaning of each
question.

4.4.4 Culture
Concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behavior,
belief
systems, values and ideologies, as well as particular culturally specific personality
types. Culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. Culture is a powerful
human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is constantly changing and
easily lost because it exists only in our minds (Edward B Tyler 1832-1917).
4.4.4.1 Settlement Structure
The information regarding settlements is There are two major types of settlements in
rural study area.
Farm Village
It is the type where farmers are assembled in a village in the center of the farmland of
the mouza/village. They cultivate outlying fields. Table 4.9 reveals that 36 percent, 45
percent and 55 percent villages have one settlement in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara
and Punjab province respectively.



4.4.4..2 Religion
Religion is instinctive to man. It is inseparable from human society. Man is only a
religious being. Religion affects human behavior deeply. Religion helps to knit the social
values of a society into cohesive whole. It is the ultimate source of social
cohesion. The primary requirement of society is the common possession of social
values by which individuals control the actions of self and others and through which
society is perpetuated. These social values emanate from religious faith. Religion is the
foundation upon which these values rest. It is religion that asks man to renounce
unsocial activities and requires him to accept limitations upon his wants and
desires. All the religions have preached love and non-violence. They have
emphasized sacrifice and forbearance. Percentage distribution of the total population of
the study area is 100percent Muslim. They constitute 98 percent in District Okara and
97.70 percent in Punjab Province. Percentage of Christian population is 1.80 percent in
District Okara and 1.90 percent in Punjab Province.
4.4.4.3 Language
Punjabi language is spoken by 95.7 percent in Okara District. Punjabi is very
important language which is very common in study area. About 3.5 percent individuals
are speaking urdu in Okara District and 4.5 percent in Punjab province
4.4.9 Education
A study of educational status not only provides guidelines to policy makers but also help
in
understanding the demographic behavior of the population (Malik 1967). The literacy
level is one of the factors which determine the quality of the human resources. The low
percentage of literacy gives the indication of cultural barriers to the spread or
innovations and scientific methods. The data given in Table 4.15 indicates that the
proportions of literate sample respondents are 47percent in study area. Furthermore
literacy rate in the large B farmers (73 percent) is more as compared with all
categories of farm size. The literacy level of respondents of medium, large A and
large B farm size is 49 percent, 52 percent and 73 percent respectively, whereas
literacy level of non-farm household respondents is
39percent. Data reveals that an increase in size of holding was found to have positive
impact on the literacy rate.The number of education institutions reflect the status of
literacy and education level in particular area.



There are 5 Primary School for boys, 4 Primary School for girls 2 Middle School for
boys and 1 Middle School for girls at villages Nahal Mahar, Dullayke Mahar, Qasimke
Mahar and Basirpur Town. There is also one High School for boys and one High School
for girls in the study area at the distance of 7 km to 23 Kms. There are 2 Degree
Colleges one for boys and one for girl in Basirpur at the distance of
7Kms.
4.4.12 Health
The population settle on embankment have no proper access to health facilities in the
area and have to travel Nehal Mohar , Basirpur and Haveli Lakha for their treatment
at the distance of 1Km, 7 kms and 23 kms respectively. All population takes
treatment from Doctors. Health condition of the people generally very poor due to
commonly prevalent health issues i.e. male nutrition, due to high rate of child birth,
typhoid , cholera, malaria, and skin diseases etc.
Other Economic Activities
The rate of women participation in economic activities is very low in Pakistan especially
in
rural areas. Women participation in economic activities will be increased to
remove
inequities and imbalances in all sectors of socio-economic development and to
ensure
women's equal access to all development benefits and social services. Women are
working
as a causal hired labor in project area but their role in other economic activities is very
low
due to lack of education and vocational skills. During survey, it is found that only one
female
is conducting classes in Government High School for girls at village Jamalkot.

Existing Women Skills and Needs
Generally, the women carry out household work and look after the family and children.
In the project area women are also involved in traditionally activities such as
sewing, knitting, embroidery, preservation of vegetables and kitchen gardening. But
such family labor is unpaid because all such activities which result in direct income
generation at home have been classified for unpaid. The survey data indicates that
100% females show their interest in the education of women, and specially interested in
vocational/technical training activities such as sewing, embroidery, knitting, soap

making and painting etc. In fact, the activities that they could carry out from the home
and so not disturb the male patriarchy.

4.4.16.3 Socio-economic Impact of the Project on Women
A strategy has been developed to minimize involuntary dislocation impacts on women.
No female-headed households will be affected due to project activities .Efforts have
been made to minimize resettlement effects on females. Design engineers kept this in
their mind and avoided their dislocation to save four females headed households with
other option of the strengthening of the Right Marginal Bund.
During the survey, the female respondents gave range of positive and negative
perception of the project as follow;

Positive Impacts of the Project
The rehabilitation and upgrading of Suleimanki Barrage has a major positive impact of
flood control. Respondents (women) shared their perception regarding new
employment opportunities due to the project. Majority of the women in the area worked
as a causal hired labor as well as serve as a domestic maid and they show their interest
to work during construction activities. Some of the other positive impacts of project
are rise in living standard, generally better educational facilities and access to
education for girls, transportation facilities and better road infrastructure in remote
areas.
Negative Impacts of the Project
The adverse impacts on women are related to their day to day activities. Generally,
women are responsible for carrying food in the field, wood collection for fuel, and
carrying & preparing fodder in the family. Project activities could be restricted for female
mobility during construction period. They are largely engaged in the agricultural
activities as a causal hired labor and dislocation can result in loss of livelihood. During
shifting period, they can not work as a causal hired labor and this will add to womens
economic hardships.




4.4.17 Resettlement Issues
The inventory survey reveals that all project activities would be operating on public
lands
under use by the Punjab Irrigation and Power Department and the project would not
require any land acquisition. However, the embankment Right Marginal Bund (RMB)
and Dhranga Spur strengthening works would affect 11 residential structures that
would need to be relocated. These houses are scattered and located along the Right
Marginal Bund and Dhranga Spur on the land of Irrigation & Power Department. All
these 11 affected families are squatters. The affected population associated with these
families is 99 persons. All the structures are on government land. A resettlement Plan
will be prepared according to the ADB Safegaurd Policies and will be submitted under
different cover










A View of Female Participation in Household Relating Task
















A view of females participation for livestock activities












A view of Kacha Affected House












Right Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream of Barrage











Left Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream at Barrage

















Consultation with Wildlife Staff at Wildlife Public Park













Consultation with Fishing Department at Suleimanki Barrag





PART 3





SECURITY RELATED ASSESSMENT


3.1 History & Background of Militant Tendencies

Militancy is often an organizational phenomenon, with different organizations adopting
different criteria for indoctrination of recruits. Sectarian terrorists in Pakistan tend to be
madressah-educated youth, whereas other organizations in Pakistan may utilize quality
game approach to indoctrinate and train their human resource. The Taliban tend to
recruit persons who have had at least a brush with Deobandi madrassah education,
whereas suicide attackers in Pakistans tribal belts are low quality, impoverished,
madrassah-educated or illiterate youth.

During poor economic times, relatively better qualified, better educated individuals add
to the ranks of the unemployed and become susceptible to Jihadist propaganda.
Although a lack of educational attainment is disruptive of economic mobility, educational
attainment sans comparable employment opportunities is even more dangerous;
expectations are raised, which if left unfulfilled cause cognitive dissonance between the
realityexpectation nexus. This can be a major cause of disenchantment with the
society, particularly amongst the youth.

Most Pakistanis in rural areas remain vague about their Islam, and their religion is
strongly intermixed with folk practices, Sufi beliefs, and even Hinduism and Buddhism.
Life in small villages is difficult; some are still devoid of facilities such as safe drinking
water and electricity, with medical facilities situated sometimes at some distance from
the more remote villages. At the least, one-tenth of the rural communities do not even
have access to basic facilities. Poverty affects family planning and parenthood, with
75% on average more children in poor families as opposed to the non-poor households.
Terrorist activities in the Province are sustained and fuelled by numerous thefts,
robberies and abductions for ransom. Thirty incidents of bank robbery were recorded
across Punjab in the first 11 months of 2012, with a total loss of PKR 394 million,
according to the Punjab Police. In some of these incidents, the banks security guards
were found to have been linked with TTP and other banned outfits, according to
intelligence sources. Intelligence reports have highlighted the lack of security clearance
of guards deployed by private security firms at banks. During the course of
investigation, it was discovered that most of the security guards involved were residents
of the troubled tribal areas, and did not have security clearance from the Police and
Home Department. Operatives of banned outfits were found to have been involved in
some incidents of robbery, in the guise of security guards.

Police field units were subsequently deputed to randomly check bank guards and see if
they have received clearance. In the process, 2,060 security guards from 381 security
firms posted at 809 banks were checked. The results were shocking: only 842 guards
had security clearance; the remaining 1,218 guards, or 60% of all guards surveyed,
were deployed without any security clearance.
Fatalities in Punjab: 2006-2012
Years
Civilians SFs Militants Total
2006 6 0 1 7
2007 96 47 14 157
2008 298 40 14 352
2009 254 117 51 422
2010 272 28 16 316
2011 110 19 8 137
2012 59 29 16 104
Total* 1095 280 120 1495
Source: SATP, *Data till December 30, 2012




























3.2 Security Arrangements at Project & Office Sites

On Tuesday, August 13, 2013
Punjab Chief Minister Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif has said that Pakistan is fighting for its
survival and there is a need for collective efforts to root out terrorism. He said that maintenance
of law and order is of vital importance for foreign investment and in view of this fact, Punjab
government has decided to form a special force for the specific purpose of ensuring safety of
the foreigners working on various projects. Issuing instructions for foolproof security
arrangements on the occasion of Independence Day, the Chief Minister directed that the
process of recruitment of four thousand police constables be started immediately and a
transparent method be adopted for this purpose.


















PART 4





ANNEXURES




4.1 MAP




S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o