Spreadsheet Problem Solving for ChE Faculty

Triple-effect Evaporator Design

D. E. Clough 1/19/98

Basic Data
Feed Flow Rate:
Feed Composition:
Feed Temperature:

6.93 kg/s
0.14 mass fraction NaOH
21 degC

Product Composition:

0.47 mass fraction NaOH

Steam Temperature:

164 degC

Final Vapor Condensation Pressure:

& Equilibrium Temperature:

2 psia
39 degC

Overall Material Balance

Flow Rate [kg/s]
Total
NaOH

Stream
Feed
Product

6.93
2.06

Water Evap.

4.87 or

Water
0.97
0.97

5.96
1.09
4.87

Boilups in the Effects

Evaporation
Effect
[kg/s]
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------- Values from Linear Set of Enthalpy Equations
1
1.552
2
1.551
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------3
4.866
[this from material balance]

Compositions in the Effects

Composition
Effect [mass fraction NaOH]
1
2
3
[this last entry should confirm basic data]

Feeds
[kg/s]

0.14
0.14
0.47

6.93
6.93
2.06

Boiling Point Elevations in the Effects

Effect

Boiling Point Elevation

[degF]
[degC]

1
2
3

8.0
8.0
69.0

Temperature Drops
Total temperature drop:
Sum of elevations:
Net temperature drop:

Solver Entries: Temperature Drop

125.3 degC
47.2 degC
78.1 degC

4.4
4.4
38.3

Temperature Drop
Effect
[degC]
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----------------------------------Solver adjusts
1
these
2
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----------------------------------3
78.08
[this last one computed by difference]

0.00 Sum of Adjustable Delta-T's

Temperature Summary
Solution
Saturation
Effect Temperature Temperature
[degC]
[degC]
1
2
3

164.3
159.9
77.3

Heat Transfer Coefficient

Effect
[W/(m2 K)]

159.9
155.4
39.0

1
2
3

4500
2000
600

Effect 1
Stream Properties
Stream

Temp.

Sat.Temp.

Comp.

No
Superht.

Enthalpy

Steam
Feed 1
Vapor 1
Cond 1
Feed 2

164.30
21.00
164.3
164.30
164.3

164.30
-160
---

-0.14
--0.14

--2750.5
---

2750.5
76.1
2759.2
651.1
611.2

e2

const

soln

0.00
-2164.12
4161.36

3707.90
-111.41
9641.66

3.354
1.552
1.551

Duty:
Temperature Drop:
Area:

Flow Enthalpy Rate

3.19
6.93
0.00
3.19
6.93

8775
528
0
-2077
-4236
2990

6698 kW
0.0 degC
#DIV/0!
m^2

Set of Simultaneous Enthalpy Balance Equations

ws
e1
2099.40
0.00
0.00

-2148.04
2092.07
2053.22

Effect 2
Stream Properties
Stream
Vapor 1
Feed 2
Vapor 2
Cond 2
Feed 3
Duty:
Temperature Drop:
Area:

No
Comp. Superht.

Temp. Sat.Temp.
164.3
164.3
160
160
160

160
-155
--

-0.14
--

Enthalpy

2750.5
-2750.5

0.14

--

2759.2
611.2
2759.2
651.1
595.1

Flow Enthalpy Rate

0.00
6.93
0.00
0.00
6.93

0
4236
0
0
-4124
111

0 kW
0.0 degC
#DIV/0!
m^2

Effect 3
Stream Properties
Stream
Vapor 2

Temp. Sat.Temp.
160

155

No
Comp. Superht.
--

2750.5

Enthalpy
2759.2

Flow Enthalpy Rate

0.00

Feed 3
Vapor 3
Cond 3
Product

160
77
155
77

Duty:
Temperature Drop:
Area:

0
78
0.0

-39.00
---

0.14
--0.47

-2572.9
---

595.1
2648.3
651.1
426.2

6.93
4.87
0.00
2.06

4124
-12886
0
-880
-9642

Summary of Areas
Effect Area (m^2)
ft2
1
2
3
Total

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0

#DIV/0!

Variance of Areas:

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

Steam Summary
Steam Consumption:

3.19 kg/s

Overall Economy:

1.53

Economy-per-effect:
Effect
1
2
3

Capital Cost

Operating Costs
Steam
Cash Flow
Cost of Capital
10%
Inflation
3%
NPV
($2,634,711)

Economy
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

$400,000 1990 index

$511,370 1997 index

$388,443 per year

1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

($511,370)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($388,443)
($4,395,797)

1.28 CPI

Steam Cost
$1.5
$1.9
3.19
202563

per 1000 lb
per 1000 lb
kg/s
Mlb/yr

1990.00
1997.00

Property Tables

Table Interpolation

Table Interpolation

Boiling Point Elevation

Steam and Condensate

Composition
(mass fraction)

Boiling Pt. Elev.

(degF)

Index

0.00
4.00
14.00
25.00
35.00
47.00
65.00
75.00
88.00
100.00
120.00
138.00

1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00

0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
data from McCabe, Smith & Harriott, p. 421

Page 4

Property Tables

Table Interpolation

Table Interpolation

Steam and Condensate Enthalpy

NaOH-H2O Solution Enthalpy

Temperature
Vapor Enthalpy
degF
degC BTU/lbm kJ/kg
90.00
95.00
100.00
110.00
120.00
130.00
140.00
150.00
160.00
170.00
180.00
190.00
200.00
210.00
212.00
220.00
230.00
240.00
250.00
260.00
270.00
280.00
290.00
300.00
310.00

32.2
35.0
37.8
43.3
48.9
54.4
60.0
65.6
71.1
76.7
82.2
87.8
93.3
98.9
100.0
104.4
110.0
115.6
121.1
126.7
132.2
137.8
143.3
148.9
154.4

1100.9
1103.1
1105.2
1109.5
1113.7
1117.9
1122.0
1126.1
1130.2
1134.2
1138.1
1142.0
1145.9
1149.7
1150.4
1153.4
1157.0
1160.5
1164.0
1167.3
1170.6
1173.8
1176.8
1179.7
1182.5

2560.7
2565.8
2570.7
2580.7
2590.5
2600.2
2609.8
2619.3
2628.8
2638.1
2647.2
2656.3
2665.4
2674.2
2675.8
2682.8
2691.2
2699.3
2707.5
2715.1
2722.8
2730.3
2737.2
2744.0
2750.5

Liquid Enthalpy
BTU/lbm
kJ/kg
57.99
62.98
67.97
77.94
87.92
97.90
107.89
117.89
127.89
137.90
147.92
157.95
167.99
178.05
180.07
188.13
198.23
208.34
218.48
228.64
238.84
249.06
259.31
269.59
279.92

134.9
146.5
158.1
181.3
204.5
227.7
251.0
274.2
297.5
320.8
344.1
367.4
390.7
414.1
418.8
437.6
461.1
484.6
508.2
531.8
555.5
579.3
603.2
627.1
651.1

Index

1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00

Reference: McCabe, Smith and

Harriott, p. 926.

Page 5

Converted Table

Property Tables

Table Interpolation
NaOH-H2O Solution Enthalpy
Comp.
Mass
Fraction

0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

Temperature -- degF
50.00

90.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

18.00
18.00
17.00
16.00
17.00
20.00
22.00
38.00
64.00
74.00
112.00

58.00
55.00
52.00
49.00
48.00
49.00
56.00
68.00
82.00
112.00
130.00

120.00
115.00
108.00
102.00
99.00
102.00
108.00
120.00
137.00
158.00
180.00

170.00
160.00
152.00
147.00
142.00
143.00
149.00
162.00
177.00
196.00
220.00

223.00
210.00
200.00
192.00
187.00
188.00
191.00
202.00
220.00
235.00
263.00

265.00
257.00
242.00
238.00
235.00
236.00
238.00
245.00
259.00
277.00
297.00

320.00
306.00
290.00
280.00
277.00
276.00
279.00
282.00
300.00
318.00
338.00

148.9
616.4
597.8
562.9
553.6
546.6
548.9
553.6
569.9
602.4
644.3
690.8

176.7
744.3
711.8
674.5
651.3
644.3
642.0
649.0
655.9
697.8
739.7
786.2

Entries in BTU/lbm
Reference: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, p. 429.
Converted Table
First column entries below indices are temperatures in degC.
First row entries to right of indices are compositions in mass fraction.
Main table entries are enthalpies in kJ/kg.

0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

10.0
41.9
41.9
39.5
37.2
39.5
46.5
51.2
88.4
148.9
172.1
260.5

32.2
134.9
127.9
121.0
114.0
111.6
114.0
130.3
158.2
190.7
260.5
302.4

65.6
279.1
267.5
251.2
237.3
230.3
237.3
251.2
279.1
318.7
367.5
418.7

93.3
395.4
372.2
353.6
341.9
330.3
332.6
346.6
376.8
411.7
455.9
511.7

Page 6

121.1
518.7
488.5
465.2
446.6
435.0
437.3
444.3
469.9
511.7
546.6
611.7

Nomenclature

Variable Name
A1
AEff1

Description
2
Heat transfer area in effect 1, m

Location
=Balances!$B$122

A2

Heat transfer area in effect 2, m2

=Balances!$B$150

AEff2

Heat transfer area in effect 3, m

q1

AEff3
BoilUp
DeltaTs
Duty1

Initial estimates of boilup from effects 1 & 2, ks/s

Delta-T's for effects 1 & 2, degC
Heat duty for effect 1, kW

=Balances!$B$167
=Balances!$C$53:$C$54
=Balances!$C$91:$C$92
=Balances!$B$120

q2

Duty2

Heat duty for effect 2, kW

=Balances!$B$148

q3

e1

Duty3
Econ
Econ1
Econ2
Econ3
Evap1

Heat duty for effect 3, kW

Overall Economy: boilup generated/steam supplied
Economy of effect 1
Economy of effect 2
Economy of effect 3
Boilup rate in effect 1, kg/s

=Balances!$B$165
=Balances!$B$183
=Balances!$B$189
=Balances!$B$190
=Balances!$B$191
=Balances!$C$53

e2

Evap2

Boilup rate in effect 2, kg/s

=Balances!$C$54

e3

Evap3

Boilup rate in effect 3, kg/s

=Balances!$C$56

etot

EvapTot Sum of boilup rates in all three effects, kg/s

=Balances!$B$46

x1

Frac1

Mass fraction NaOH in effect 1

=Balances!$B$64

x2

Frac2

Mass fraction NaOH in effect 2

=Balances!$B$65

x3

Frac3

Mass fraction NaOH in effect 3

=Balances!$B$66

hc

hCond

Enthalpy of steam condensate in effect 1, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$117

hc2

hCond2 Enthalpy of condensate from effect 2, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$145

hc3

hCond3 Enthalpy of condensate from effect 3, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$162

H1

HEvap1 Vapor enthalpy in effect 1, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$116

H2

HEvap2 Vapor enthalpy in effect 2, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$144

H3

HEvap3 Vapor enthalpy in effect 3, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$161

hf

hf

Enthalpy of feed, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$115

h1

hLiq1

Enthalpy of feed to effect 2, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$118

h2

hLiq2

Enthalpy of feed to effect 3, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$146

hp

hp

Enthalpy of product, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$163

Hs

Hs

Steam enthalpy, kJ/kg

=Balances!$F$114

H1

HsEvap1Saturated enthalpy of vapor in effect 1, kJ/kg

=Balances!$E$116

H2

HsEvap2Saturated enthalpy of vapor in effect 2, kJ/kg

=Balances!$E$144

H3
w1

HsEvap3Saturated enthalpy of vapor in effect 3, kJ/kg

=Balances!$E$161
LinVal Solution of enthalpy equations for boilup in effects 1 & =
2Balances!$E$129:$E$130
Liq1
Liquid rate out of effect 1 (feed to effect 2), kg/s
=Balances!$D$64

w2

Liq2

Liquid rate out of effect 2 (feed to effect 3), kg/s

=Balances!$D$65

w3=wp

Liq3

Liquid rate out of effect 3 (product rate), kg/s

=Balances!$D$66

P3

PCond Pressure of third effect, psia

=Balances!$C$35
SumElevSum of boiling point elevations in the three effects, degC
=Balances!$B$83
TCond Saturation temperature of condensate from 3rd effect, degC
=Balances!$C$36
TDel1 Delta T in effect 1, degC
=Balances!$C$91
TDel2 Delta T in effect 2, degC
=Balances!$C$92
TDel3 Delta T in effect 3, degC
=Balances!$C$94
TDelNet Net delta T with boiling point elevations removed, degC=Balances!$B$84
TDelTot Total delta T available, degC
=Balances!$B$82
TEff1
Temperature in effect 1, degC
=Balances!$B$103

A3

Ts3

T1

Page 7

Nomenclature

T2

TEff2

Temperature in effect 2, degC

=Balances!$B$104

T3

TEff3

Temperature in effect 3, degC

=Balances!$B$105

BP1

Tf

TElev1 Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degC

TElev1F Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degF
TElev2 Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degC
TElev2F Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degF
TElev3 Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degC
TElev3F Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degF
Tf
Feed temperature, degC

=Balances!$D$74
=Balances!$C$74
=Balances!$D$75
=Balances!$C$75
=Balances!$D$76
=Balances!$C$76
=Balances!$B$29

Ts

Ts

Steam temperature, degC

=Balances!$B$33

Ts1

TsEff1

Steam saturation temperature in effect 1, degC

=Balances!$C$103

Ts2

TsEff2

Steam saturation temperature in effect 2, degC

=Balances!$C$104

Ts3

TsEff3

U1

UEff1

U2

UEff2

Steam saturation temperature in effect 3, degC

=Balances!$C$105
2
Overall heat transfer coefficient in effect 1, W/(m K) =Balances!$C$16
2
Overall heat transfer coefficient in effect 2, W/(m K) =Balances!$C$17

U3

UEff3

Overall heat transfer coefficient in effect 3, W/(m2 K) =Balances!$C$18

BP2
BP3

xf

VarArea Variance of the areas of the three effects, m

=Balances!$F$176
wf
Feed flow rate, kg/s
=Balances!$B$27
wfH2O Feed rate of H2O, kg/s
=Balances!$D$43
wfNaOH Feed rate of NaOH, kg/s
=Balances!$C$43
wp
Product flow rate, kg/s
=Balances!$B$44
wpH2O Product rate of H2O, kg/s
=Balances!$D$44
wpNaOHProduct rate of NaOH, kg/s
=Balances!$C$44
ws
Steam flow rate, kg/s
=Balances!$G$114
wsnew Steam flow rate from enthalpy balance equations, kg/s=Balances!$E$128
xf
Mass fraction NaOH in feed
=Balances!$B$28

xp

xp

wf

wp

ws

Mass fraction NaOH in product

=Balances!$B$31

Page 8

Nomenclature

lances!$C$53:$C$54
lances!$C$91:$C$92

lances!$E$129:$E$130

Page 9