This Industrial Trainnig inevitably involves many hands I e!"ress my
sin#ere than$s to all the #ollege and #om"any authorities %or "roviding me ade&uate su""ort and mu#h needed su""ort I am e!tremely grate%ul to many other "eo"le also' %or guiding me at "ro"er times and "roviding %eedba#$ on many o% the e!er#ises' "roblem solutions and ne( ideas' to %ully test the Training The satis%a#tion that a##om"anies the su##ess%ul #om"letion o% any tas$ (ould be in#om"lete (ithout the mention o% the "eo"le (hose #onsistent #oo"eration made it "ossible' under (hose #onstant guidan#e and en#ouragement this "ro)e#t rea#hed the *nal state I e!"ress our dee" sense o% gratitude to Mr Amit +ingh ,ead o% De"artment' Cs-IT De"artment o% N.I ITM College' G(alior and Mr +hailesh /anday I o0er my sin#ere than$s Mr +andee" +a""al %or their invaluable ins"iration' guidan#e and Continuous en#ouragement throughout this Training It (as the #onstant en#ouragement o% all my #olleagues ' (hi#h hel"ed me to #ome out o% tough situations during the #om"letion o% the training at Numeri# In%osystems /vt Ltd G(alior' %or their hel" and su""ort and %or "roviding a %riendly (or$ing environment during the tenure o% my training
Table of Contents: About Company Objectives Aim Goal Software Specifications Milestones and Timelines Test Plan Database ields Specifications !ardware " Software #e$uirements %stimate Data low Dia&ram %#'Dia&ram (ayouts (imitation Conclusion )iblio&rap*y About Company NumericInfoSystems Pvt Ltd.is a leading solution provider for Internet based applications. Established in 2006, The Company has been promoted by some highly experienced rofessionals dedicated to provide total IT solutions under one roof. It possesses not only the latest technology gadgets but also the most !no"ledgeable and experienced hands to offer most user friendly customi#ed solutions. NumericInfoSystems Pvt Ltd.provides high $uality on site services for soft"are development and the end users on a broad range of hard"are % soft"are platforms and latest technologies.
OUR GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A QUALITY PRODUCT The globally accepted &ational 'nified rocess is follo"ed. (!illed force ensures a product "ith international standard. )ocus on successful and robust executable application. In depth analysis to understand the actual re$uirement and business constraint. (tress for generating ne" ideas during analysis "hich "ill enhance your business. *uality is a "ay of our life, not an afterthought. Catch the ma+or ris!s early and continuously and search for their remedy or alternate solution. , future vision before developing an application assists in extensibility of application, less and easy maintenance. -e in touch "ith you during "hole life cycle of pro+ect. This ma!es the things transparent that "e are doing "or! on common tas!s or re$uirements. (tandard design patterns .ob+ect oriented/ are adopted to ma!e the reusability of the things. 0or! "ith some of the most successful and expertise individuals, entrepreneurs and corporations and bring solutions to their most challenging and complex issues of the day. )ormed by a team of young and enterprising IT professionals, 1'2E&ICI1)3(4(TE2( 5T 6T7.aims at blending !no"ledge and s!ills to provide results that match your re$uirements ,t 1'2E&ICI1)3(4(TE2( 5T 6T7, "e believe in listening, analy#ing, advising, and implementing ne" pro+ects and concepts to effectively present complex information. ABOUT NUMERICINFOSYSTEMS PVT LTD. 0e have entered the age of digital technology. Computer exists every"here from a small !ios! to giant corporate house. ,mongst all the sectors, information technology is follo"ing and "ill pave a path for faster gro"th. Infact e8business is becoming the most favored "ord "ith corporate as it too! over from traditional business practices. , clear perception of the gro"ing re$uirement of the corporate "orld in the area of IT has enabled 1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td.to develop programs of specific relevance for the present and the future.
1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td.is a leading solution provider for Internet based applications. Established in 9:::, The Company has been promoted by some highly experienced rofessionals dedicated to provide total IT solutions under one roof. It possesses not only the latest technology gadgets but also the most !no"ledgeable and experience hands to offer most user friendly customi#ed solutions. 1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td.provides high $uality on site services for soft"are development and the end users on a broad range of hard"are % soft"are platforms and latest technologies. 0ithin the first year of its operations, 1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td.has carved a niche for itself in the IT industry and has increased its business by ac$uiring some ma+or domestic pro+ects. 1o doubt the company has been able to ma!e a name for itself in a relatively short span of time only because of its ability and commitments to ensure customer satisfaction by re"arding $uality "or! on right time and in a right manner.
,t 1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td."ith Technical proficiency and expertise, "e cohesively integrate graphic design "ith "eb page layout, "ith interactive programming, "ith database driven content, to plan, build and deploy e8 business and to emerge as one of the top IT service provider.
The business philosophy of the company is to lay emphasis on ;uman 5alues and ersonal &elations. <At NumericInfS!"tem" P#t Lt$.% Tec&n'(! meet" emtin" )n$ 'imit" )re &i(&er t&)n t&e "*!.< =reat stress is laid on proper communication, transparency and human relations, "hich forms an integral part of the corporate culture. ,t NumericInfS!"tem" P#t Lt$, "e not only develop products but "e develop relationships. 0e at 1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td.believe in team"or!. 0ith every ne" day the $uest for ac$uiring ne" competencies continues. )orever searching, experimenting, innovating, learning, moving ahead "ith our sincere efforts and dedication, shaping the future, and challenging our competencies to create ne" opportunities, is a never8ending process in the company. SERVICES 1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td.ta!es you to the next dimension of 0eb performance. The focus> 2eaningful solutions that foster measurable results. 1umericInfo(ystems vt 6td.al"ays strives to provide customer satisfaction through its legendary services at an affordable price. 0e believe in long term relationship "ith our customers and to add more and more to our client list from the reference of our existing once. Objective Offline Messaging is the most used application on the Internet. Offline Messagings allow users to communicate with each other almost instantly. Daily millions of Offline Messagings are sent from one part of the globe to the other. You can receive and send Offline Messagings from all systems whether it is a Windows PC or a ni! machine "even my cell phone allows me to send one#$. %mploying MIM%& you can send video& pictures or sounds along with te!t messages via Offline Messaging. 'n Offline Messaging message consists of a header and a body. (he Offline Messaging header has the following information) Recipient Ofine Messaging address Senders Ofine Messaging address Ofine Messaging address of the people to whom a carbon copy (Cc) and blind carbon copy (Bcc) is been sent. The sb!ect line (he main Offline Messaging message resides in the Offline Messaging body. Offline Messagings can be sent by typing the recipients* Offline Messaging address in the *+end to* field. 'ny additional recipients can be specified using the Cc or the ,cc. Offline Messa&in& Clients Your Offline Messaging account would typically reside on a remote computer. Offline Messaging clients are programs that download Offline Messagings from the remote server and store them on your computer. (his saves online time as you can download all Offline Messagings at one go& close the Internet connection and read the mails at leisure. Offline Messaging clients also help you to compose messages offline- whether it*s a new Offline Messaging you are writing or a reply. On subse.uent connection to the Internet you can instruct the client to send the Offline Messagings you have written. ' good Offline Messaging client has the following features. "bility to send and recei#e Ofine Messaging $ic%ly. "n address boo% in which yo can store Ofine Messaging addresses of yor friends& family members and others. The ability to easily attach other non'te(t based )les sing M*M+. ,o can& ths& send pictres& sonds etc. with yor Ofine Messaging. "dd signatres to otgoing Ofine Messagings. Aim (his pro/ect is aimed at developing an Offline Messaging for the facilities to the users 0 Developers. (his is an Internet based application that can be accessed throughout the country. (his system can be used to automate the wor1flow of service re.uests for the various facilities to the users 0 Developers. (his is one integrated system that covers different 1inds of facilities li1e Offline Messaging& attachments& Maintain address boo1& getting appropriate response from users. (here are two 1inds of users for this system) 2. those who use the system to read messages "end3users$ 4. those who send messages and add attachments to other users Goal My -oal to .e#elop this "pplication is to/ Easy to use/ Ofine Messaging frees s from the tedios tas% of managing data of daily se. *t helps s to manage or contacts& send mails $ic%ly& maintain or mail history& store the re$ired information& etc. Speed/ The Ofine Messaging is deli#ered instantly& anywhere across the globe. 0o other ser#ice matches the Ofine Messaging in terms of speed. Easy to prioritize/ Since the mails ha#e sb!ect lines& it is easy to prioriti1e them and ignore nwanted mails. Reliable and secure/ Constant e2orts are being ta%en to impro#e the secrity in electronic mails. Ths ma%ing it one of the secred ways of commnication. Informal and conversational/ The langage sed in Ofine Messagings is generally simple and ths ma%es the commnication informal. Sending and recei#ing Ofine Messagings ta%es less time& so it can be sed as a tool for interaction. Easier for reference/ 3hen one needs to reply to a mail& there is a pro#ision in the mailing system to attach the pre#ios mails as references. This refreshes the recipient4s %nowledge& on what he is reading. Environment friendly/ 5ostal mails se paper as a medim to send letters. +lectronic mail ths& sa#es a lot of trees from being a(ed. *t also sa#es fel needed in transportation. Use of graphics/ Colorfl greeting cards and interesting pictres can be sent throgh Ofine Messagings. This adds #ale to the Ofine Messaging ser#ice. Advertising tool/ Many indi#idals and companies are sing Ofine Messagings to ad#ertise their prodcts& ser#ices& etc.
Software Specifications About P!P P5P) 5yperte!t Preprocessor& is a widely used& general3purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development& to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded into 5(M6 and generally runs on a web server& which needs to be configured to process P5P code and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge. P5P was originally created by 7asmus 6erdorf in 2889 and has been in continuous development ever since. (he main implementation of P5P is now produced by (he P5P :roup and serves as the de facto standard for P5P as there is no formal specification.P5P is free software released under the P5P 6icense& which is incompatible with the :; :eneral Public 6icense ":P6$ because of restrictions on the use of the term P5P P5P has evolved to include a command line interface capability and can also be used in standalone graphical applications. +sa&e P5P is a general3purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. P5P generally runs on a web server. 'ny P5P code in a re.uested file is e!ecuted by the P5P runtime& usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command3line scripting and client3side :I applications. P5P can be deployed on most web servers& many operating systems and platforms& and can be used with many relational database management systems. It is available free of charge& and the P5P :roup provides the complete source code for users to build& customi<e and e!tend for their own use. P5P primarily acts as a filter& ta1ing input from a file or stream containing te!t and=or P5P instructions and outputs another stream of data- most commonly the output will be 5(M6. +ince P5P >& the P5P parser compiles input to produce bytecode for processing by the ?end %ngine& giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor Originally designed to create dynamic web pages& P5P now focuses mainly on server3side scripting& and it is similar to other server3side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a client& such as Microsoft*s 'ctive +erver Pages& +un Microsystems* @ava+erver Pages and modAperl. P5P has also attracted the development of many framewor1s that provide building bloc1s and a design structure to promote rapid application development "7'D$. +ome of these include Ca1eP5P& +ymfony& CodeIgniter& and ?end Bramewor1& offering features similar to other web application framewor1s.
About !TM( !TM(& which stands for !yper Te,t Mar-up (an&ua&e& is the predominant mar1up language for web pages. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for te!t such as headings& paragraphs& lists etc as well as for lin1s& .uotes& and other items. It allows images and ob/ects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It is written in the form of 5(M6 elements consisting of CtagsC surrounded by angle brac1ets within the web page content. It can include or can load scripts in languages such as @ava+cript which affect the behavior of 5(M6 processors li1e Web browsers- and Cascading +tyle +heets "C++$ to define the appearance and layout of te!t and other material. (he WDC& maintainer of both 5(M6 and C++ standards& encourages the use of C++ over e!plicit presentational mar1up. 5yper (e!t Mar1up 6anguage"5(M6$ is the encoding scheme used to create and format a web document. ' user need not be an e!pert programmer to ma1e use of 5(M6 for creating hyperte!t documents that can be put on the internet. Most graphical Offline Messaging clients allow the use of a subset of 5(M6 "often ill3defined$ to provide formatting and semantic mar1up not available with plain te!t. (his may include typographic information li1e coloured headings& emphasi<ed and .uoted te!t& inline images and diagrams. Many such clients include both a :I editor for composing 5(M6 Offline Messaging messages and a rendering engine for displaying them. se of 5(M6 in Offline Messaging is controversial because of compatibility issues& because it can help disguise phishing attac1s& because it can confuse spam filters and because the message si<e is larger than plain te!t. .amin& conventions (he most common filename e!tension for files containing 5(M6 is .html. ' common abbreviation of this is .htm& which originated because some early operating systems and file systems& such as DO+ and B'(& limited file e!tensions to three letters. !TM( Application 'n 5(M6 'pplication is a Microsoft Windows application that uses 5(M6 and Dynamic 5(M6 in a browser to provide the application*s graphical interface. ' regular 5(M6 file is confined to the security model of the web browser& communicating only to web servers and manipulating only webpage ob/ects and site coo1ies. 'n 5(' runs as a fully trusted application and therefore has more privileges& li1e creation=editing=removal of files and Windows 7egistry entries. ,ecause they operate outside the browser*s security model& 5('s cannot be e!ecuted via 5((P& but must be downloaded "/ust li1e an %E% file$ and e!ecuted from local file system. About /avaScript /avaScript is an ob/ect3oriented scripting language used to enable programmatic access to ob/ects within both the client application and other applications. It is primarily used in the form of client3side @ava+cript& implemented as an integrated component of the web browser& allowing the development of enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. @ava+cript is a dialect of the %CM'+cript standard and is characteri<ed as a dynamic& wea1ly typed& prototype3based language with first3class functions. @ava+cript was influenced by many languages and was designed to loo1 li1e @ava& but to be easier for non3programmers to wor1 with. Prototype'based @ava+cript uses prototypes instead of classes for inheritance. It is possible to simulate many class3based features with prototypes in @ava+cript. Bunctions double as ob/ect constructors along with their typical role. Prefi!ing a function call with new creates a new ob/ect and calls that function with its local this 1eyword bound to that ob/ect for that invocation. (he constructor*s prototype property determines the ob/ect used for the new ob/ect*s internal prototype. @ava+cript*s built3in constructors& such as 'rray& also have prototypes that can be modified. nli1e many ob/ect3oriented languages& there is no distinction between a function definition and a method definition. 7ather& the distinction occurs during function calling- a function can be called as a method. When a function is called as a method of an ob/ect& the function*s local this 1eyword is bound to that ob/ect for that invocation. +sa&e (he primary use of @ava+cript is to write functions that are embedded in or included from 5(M6 pages and interact with the Document Ob/ect Model "DOM$ of the page. ,ecause @ava+cript code can run locally in a user*s browser "rather than on a remote server$ it can respond to user actions .uic1ly& ma1ing an application feel more responsive. Burthermore& @ava+cript code can detect user actions which 5(M6 alone cannot& such as individual 1eystro1es. 'pplications such as :mail ta1e advantage of this) much of the user3interface logic is written in @ava+cript& and @ava+cript dispatches re.uests for information "such as the content of an Offline Messaging message$ to the server. (he wider trend of '/a! programming similarly e!ploits this strength. ' @ava+cript engine "also 1nown as JavaScript interpreter or JavaScript implementation$ is an interpreter that interprets @ava+cript source code and e!ecutes the script accordingly. (he first @ava+cript engine was created by ,rendan %ich at ;etscape Communications Corporation& for the ;etscape ;avigator web browser. ' web browser is by far the most common host environment for @ava+cript. Web browsers typically use the public 'PI to create Chost ob/ectsC responsible for reflecting the DOM into @ava+cript. About MyS0( MyS0( is a relational database management system "7D,M+$ which has more than F million installations. My+G6 stands for CMy +tructured Guery 6anguageC. (he program runs as a server providing multi3user access to a number of databases.(he pro/ect has made its source code available under the terms of the :; :eneral Public 6icense& as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. My+G6 is owned and sponsored by a single for3profit firm& the +wedish company My+G6 ',& now a subsidiary of +un Microsystems&. 's of 4HH8 Oracle Corporation began the process of ac.uiring +un Microsystems- Oracle holds the copyright to most of the My+G6 codebase. My+G6 commonly features as part of free software pro/ects which re.uire a full3featured database management system& such as WordPress& php,, and other software built on the 6'MP software stac1. +sa&e Many web applications use My+G6 as the database component of a 6'MP software stac1. Its popularity for use with web applications is closely tied to the popularity of P5P& which is often combined with My+G6. +everal high3traffic web sites "including Blic1r& Baceboo1& Wi1ipedia& :oogle &;o1ia& You(ube$ use My+G6 for data storage and logging of user data. Platforms and interfaces (he My+G6 'dministrator in 6inu! My+G6 code uses C and CII. (he +G6 parser uses yacc and a home3brewed le!er& s.lAle!.cc My+G6 wor1s on many different system platforms& including 'IE& ,+Di& Bree,+D& 5P3E& i9=O+& 6inu!& Mac O+ E& ;et,+D& ;ovell ;etWare& Open,+D& Open+olaris& eCom+tation& O+=4 Warp& G;E& I7IE& +olaris& +ymbian& +unO+& +CO Open+erver& +CO ni!Ware& +anos& (ruF> and Microsoft Windows. ' port of My+G6 to OpenJM+ also e!ists.
'll ma/or programming languages with language3specific 'PIs include 6ibraries for accessing My+G6 databases. In addition& an OD,C interface called MyOD,C allows additional programming languages that support the OD,C interface to communicate with a My+G6 database& such as '+P or ColdBusion. (he My+G6 server and official libraries are mostly implemented in ';+I C=';+I CII. In addition to the above3mentioned tools developed by My+G6 ',& several other commercial and non3commercial tools integrate with My+G6. %!amples include ;avicat Bree 6ite %dition& 'ny+G6 Maestro Breeware %dition or +G6yog Community %dition& they are free des1top based :I tools& and phpMy'dmin& a free Web3based administration interface implemented in P5P Milestones and Timelines .umber Milestone .ame Milestone Description Timeline ;o.of days from the start of the pro/ect #emar-s 2 7e.uirements +pecification Complete specification of the system. ' document detailing the same should be written and a presentation on that be made. 43D 'ttempt should be made to add some more relevant functionality other than those that are listed in this document. 4 (echnology familiari<ation nderstanding of the technology needed to implement the pro/ect. >39 (he presentation should be from the point of view of being able to apply it to the pro/ect.. D Database creation ' database having a table to add the user details should be created. 234 It is important to finali<e on the database at this stage itself so that development and testing can proceed with the actual database itself. > 5igh3level and Detailed Design 6isting down all possible flow3charts and DBDs and %7 diagrams. K38 (he charts should map to the re.uirement specification 9 Implementation of the front3end of the system Implementation of the various screens to be added. 2H324 During this period& it would be a good idea for the team to start wor1ing on a test3plan for the entire system. F Integrating the front3end with the database (he front3end developed in the earlier milestone will now be able to update the user database. In short& the system should be ready for integration testing. 2432D K Integration (esting (he system should be thoroughly tested by running all the test cases written for the system 2>329 'nother 4 days should be there to handle any issues found during testing of the system. 'fter that& the final demo can be arranged. L Binal 7eview Issues found during the previous milestone are fi!ed and the system is ready for the final review. 2F32L During the final review of the pro/ect& it should be chec1ed that all the re.uirements specified during milestone number 2 are fulfilled Test'Plan (he test3plan is basically a list of test cases that need to be run on the system. +ome of the test cases can be run independently for some components "user id verification& password verification& security character verification$ and some of the test cases re.uire the whole system to be ready for their e!ecution. It is better to test each component as and when it is ready before integrating the components. It is important to note that the test cases cover all the aspects of the system .o1 Testcase Title Description %,pected Outcome #esult 2 +uccessful ser Id Jerification ser Id should be entered with a correct id Jerification should be successful and the complaint generation module should get called Passed 4 nsuccessful ser Id Jerification due to wrong ser Id +end user id from an invalid user id Jerification should fail and a bounce id should be sent to the correct id Passed D +uccessful Password should be Jerification should be Passed Password Jerification entered correctly successful and the complaint generation module should get called > Correct +ecurity Character Jerification +ecurity Character should be entered correctly Jerification should be successful Passed Database ields Specification (he range of valid values entered below as e!amples need not be ta1en as such. (hey can be modified by the team. List o% Tables1 !ardware re$uirements .umber Description 2 PC with 4H :, 5ard dis1 4 PC with 49F M, 7'M D PC with Pentium 2 and 'bove Software re$uirements .umber Description Type 2 Operating +ystem Windows EP=Windows 4 6anguage P5P D +erver side +cript P5P script > Client side +cript @ava script&5tml 9 +erver 'pache 4.4 F Database My+G6 K ID% (e!tpad L Designing (ools E'7'&Birewor1s&Dreamweaver&Paintbrush 8 ,rowser Internet %!plorer Manpower re$uirements D persons should be able to complete this pro/ect in F months. %stimate Cost Components Cost 5ardware 2 CP 4FHHH=3 (ime 'ppro! 2 and half month 2HHHH=3 %lectricity 24HHH=3 Other %!penses 9HH=3 +oftwares P5P&'pache Bree available on internet Designing (ools Birewor1s&E'7'&Dreamweaver&Paintbrush Bree available on internet 'ppro! Cost)3333 CPI%lectricityIOthersMMM2HHHHI24HHI9HH Datalow Dia&ram 6ser Read Messag e Registration 5rocess to Store Registrati on Read Captcha Captcha Registration .atabase 6se Send Messag e 6ser 7a# e Message .atabase "ddress Boo% "ttach 8ile By 6ser Store )le
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"ttachmen t %#'Dia&ram ha#e ser9id Registratio n 7 a# e Messag e "ttachmen t Captcha "ddress Boo% ha#e ha# e 6ser9na me 6ser9pwd word 8ile9na me stats email9id name addres s 6ser9id Msg9id To9id 8rom9id messag e stat s 8rom9i d Msg9id To9id 8ile9name (ayouts Module2ise (o&in Pa&e +ser !ome Compose orm 3n)o, orm Attac*Ments Address )oo- (imitations Disadvantages o% O2ine Messaging The Ofine Messagings& thogh bene)cial in or day'to'day life& has got its own drawbac%s that are o2 late coming to the fore. Viruses/ These are compter programs ha#ing the potential to harm a compter system. These programs copy themsel#es and frther infect the compter. The recipient needs to scan the mails& as #irses are transmitted throgh them and ha#e the potential to harm compter systems. Spam/ Ofine Messagings when sed to send nsolicited messages and nwanted ad#ertisements create nisance and is termed as Spam. Chec%ing and deleting these nwanted mails can nnecessarily consme a lot of time& and it has become necessary to bloc% or )lter the nwanted Ofine Messagings by means of spam flters. Spamming incldes& sending hoa( Ofine Messagings. Oine !essaging spoofng is another common practice& sed for spamming. Spoo)ng in#ol#es decei#ing the recipient by altering the Ofine Messaging headers or the addresses from which the mail is sent. "ac#ing/ The act of brea%ing into compter secrity is termed as hac%ing. "fter the Ofine Messaging is sent and before it is recei#ed by the desired recipient& it :bonces: between ser#ers located in di2erent parts of the world. 7ence& the Ofine Messaging can be hac%ed by a professional hac%er. !isinterpretation/ One has to be carefl while posting any %ind of content throgh an Ofine Messaging. *f typed in a hrry& the matter cold be misinterpreted. $engthy mails/ *f the mail is too long and not properly presented the reader may lose interest in reading it. %ot suitable for business/ Since the content posted #ia Ofine Messagings is considered informal& there is a chance of bsiness docments going nnoticed. Ths& rgent transactions and especially those re$iring signatres are not managed throgh Ofine Messagings. &ro'ded inbo(/ O#er a period of time& the Ofine Messaging inbo( may get crowded with mails. *t becomes di;clt for the ser to manage sch a hge chn% of mails. %eed to chec# the inbo( regularly/ *n order to be pdated& one has to chec% his Ofine Messaging accont reglarly. Conclusion +#ery new technology enters the social world with its share of bene)ts and drawbac%s. .i2erent people interpret and tili1e it in di2erent ways. *n order to ma%e the most of the a#ailable technology& sers shold try to nderstand both& the positi#e and negati#e sides of the tool they se. 0o technology can be totally perfect< )iblio&rap*y http)==www.php.net. Inde! of elements in 5(M6 > 5yper(e!t Mar1up 6anguage +pecification Jersion D.H http)==www.wD.org=Mar1p=htmlD Wide Web Consortium @a1ob ;ielsen 337eviving 'dvanced 5yperte!t Nrill& Paul33@ava+cript creator ponders past& future