Chapter 2

Pythagoras
Pythagoras
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
This chapter deals with the theorem of Pythagoras.
At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
Syl l abus ref erence MS4. 1
identify the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle
establish the relationship betw een the lengths of sides of a right-angled triangle
w rite Pythagorasrule for right-angled triangles
use Pythagorasrule to establish that a triangle has a right angle
understand Pythagorean triads and their generation
nd the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle given the other tw o sides
nd a side of a right-angled triangle given one side and the hypotenuse
use Pythagorasrule to solve w orded problem s.
26
Pythagoras (Chapter 2) Syllabus reference MS4.1
The Diagnostic Test questions refer to the sections of text listed in the table below.
Diagnostic Test Diagnostic Test
An expression for Pythagoras rule in this
triangle is:
A SU
2
+ TU
2
= ST
2
B ST
2
+ TU
2
= SU
2
C SU
2
+ TS
2
= UT
2
D TU
2
+ SU
2
= ST
2
An expression for Pythagoras rule in this
triangle is:
A d
2
+ e
2
= f
2
B e
2
+ f
2
= d
2
C f
2
+ e
2
= d
2
D d
2
+ f
2
= e
2
Which of the triangles with sides listed is
not right angled?
A 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm
B 10 cm, 24 cm, 26 cm
C 8 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm
D 9 cm, 12 cm, 15 cm
The length of the hypotenuse of this
triangle is closest to:
A 15.3 cm
B 10.2 cm
C 21 cm
D 233 cm
The length of the side marked x is closest
to:
A 216.05 cm
B 14.7 cm
C 39.33 cm
D 6.3 cm
to:
A 161 cm
B 289 cm
C 17 cm
D 12.7 cm
to:
A 429.8 cm
B 22.2 cm
C 630.58 cm
D 25.1 cm
The value of y in the diagram is closest to:
A 7.8
B 6.1
C 18.7
D 18.3
This diagram refers to questions 9 and 10.
The value of x is closest to:
A 13 B 17 C 3.6 D 4.1
The value of y is closest to:
A 11.0 B 14.8 C 12 D 101
The length of the diagonal of a square
with side length 18 cm is closest to:
A 18 cm B 25 cm
C 12.7 cm D 4.24 cm
1
2
3
4
5
6
15 cm 8 cm
x cm
7
8
9
10
11
Question 1, 2 3 4, 5 68 911
Section A B C D E
27
Right-angled corners
The probl em of const ruct i ng ri ght - angl ed corners, whet her f or t he corners of bui l di ngs or f or t he di vi si on of l and
i nt o rect angul ar el ds, was overcome at l east 5000 years ago.
Wi t hout t he use of sophi st i cat ed measuri ng devi ces t hat we have t oday, t he anci ent Egypt i ans used a j oi ned
rope wi t h 12 equal l y spaced knot s t i ed al ong i t . The rope was used t o f orm a t ri angl e wi t h si des i n t he rat i o of
3 : 4 : 5. When t he rope was pul l ed t i ght t o f orm a t ri angl e, a ri ght angl e f ormed at t he vert ex bet ween t he si des
of l engt h 3 and 4 uni t s.
Thi s t ri angl e i s, i n f act , t he si mpl est ri ght - angl ed t ri angl e wi t h si des of i nt eger l engt h. You coul d make your own
knot t ed rope t o t est t hi s.
Ri ght - angl ed t ri angl es are f requent l y obser ved i n real - l i f e si t uat i ons, as shown bel ow.
Investigation 1
WM : A p p lyin g stra te g ie s
Pythagoras rule
Draw any right-
angled triangle.
Construct squares
on each of the sides.
Measure and calculate the
area of each of the squares.
Area = (side length)
2
.
1
2
3
28
A. RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLES
There i s a speci al rel at i onshi p bet ween t he si des of a ri ght - angl ed t ri angl e. Thi s exerci se l ooks at t hat
rel at i onshi p.
Exercise 2A
Here are six right-angled triangles. Measure each of the sides and complete a table like the
one below.
a b c
d e f
What do you notice about the last two columns?
Draw three right-angled triangles of your own and add
their side lengths to the table.
a b
a
2
b
2
a
2
+ b
2
c

Is the area of the largest square equal to the sum of the areas of the other two squares?
Repeat this investigation twice more to check your results.
4
5
1
a
2
b
2
+
The hypotenuse
is the longest
side. It is opposite
the right angle.
2
29
The rul e t hat you have f ound i s cal l ed Pythagoras rule (named af t er a f amous Greek mat hemat i ci an).
Pyt hagoras rul e st at es t hat
(hypot enuse)
2
= (short si de 1)
2
+ (short si de 2)
2
i n ABC c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
In any ri ght - angl ed t ri angl e t he square of t he l ongest si de i s equal t o t he sum of t he squares of t he t wo
smal l er si des.
In geomet ri c f orm, t he Rule of Pythagoras i s:
In any ri ght - angl ed t ri angl e, t he square on t he hypot enuse
i s equal i n area t o t he sum of t he areas of t he squares on
t he ot her t wo si des.
Identify the hypotenuse in each triangle. Remember that the hypotenuse is opposite the right
angle, and it is the longest side in a right-angled triangle.
a b c
d e f
g h i
Using Pythagoras rule, write down the relationship between the lengths of the sides of the
right-angled triangles in question 3.
3
4
30
Use Pythagoras rule to express the equation for the following right-angled triangles in two
different ways.
a b c
B. THE CONVERSE OF PYTHAGORAS RULE
The converse of Pyt hagoras rul e can be used t o det ermi ne i f a t ri angl e i s ri ght angl ed.
The converse rul e i s:
Example 1
Write P yth a g o ra s ru le fo r th e g ive n tria n g le :
a using side names
b using lower case letters for sides opposite
given angles.
Pythagoras rule may be written using side names or by using lower case letters
representing the sides opposite given angles.
a The rule is RS
2
= RT
2
+ TS
2
.
b Label the side opposite T as t, R as r, S as s.
The rule is t
2
= s
2
+ r
2
.
5
If, i n a t ri angl e, t he sum of t he squares of t he t wo short er si des i s equal t o t he square of
t he l ongest si de, t hen t he t ri angl e i s ri ght angl ed.
If a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
, t hen t he t ri angl e i s ri ght angl ed.
If a
2
+ b
2
c
2
, t hen t he t ri angl e i s not ri ght angl ed.
The converse of
if A is true then B is true
is
if B is true then A is true.
31
Exercise 2B
The following gures are not drawn accurately. Which of the triangles are right angled?
Show working.
a b c
d e f
g h i
Example 1
D e te rm in e if th e tria n g le is rig h t a n g le d b y u sin g P yth a g o ra s ru le .
a b
a a
2
+ b
2
b a
2
+ b
2
= 12
2
+ 5
2
= 8
2
+ 9
2
= 144 + 25 = 64 + 81
= 169 = 145
and c
2
= 13
2
= 169 and c
2
= 12
2
= 144
the triangle is right angled. the triangle is not right angled.
Calculator: Calculator:
The longest side or
m easurem ent is the
hypotenuse w hich is
side c.
Rem em ber to
subsitute
correctly into
the form ula.
1
32
Use Pythagoras rule to determine if triangles with these side lengths are right angled.
a 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm b 7 cm, 9 cm and 12 cm
c 11 cm, 13 cm and 18 cm d 21 cm, 28 cm and 35 cm
2
Investigation 2
WM : R e a so n in g
Pythagorean triads
The simplest right-angled triangle with integer side lengths is the 345 triangle.
The numbers satisfy the rule 3
2
+ 4
2
= 5
2
.
Since the numbers (3, 4, 5) obey the rule a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
they are called
a Pythagorean triad or triple. Other Pythagorean triads include (5, 12, 13),
(7, 24, 25) and (8, 15, 17).
Any Pythagorean triad can be used to create other Pythagorean triads.
One way of doing this is to multiply each of the three numbers by the same
number. So (3, 4, 5) becomes (6, 8, 10) by multiplying each number by 2.
A spreadsheet program may be used to generate tables of Pythagorean triads. Here is an example.
The formulas used are shown below.
Create your own tables using a spreadsheet and the Pythagorean triads (5, 12, 13),
(7, 24, 25) and (8, 15, 17).
Pythagorean triples based on 3, 4, 5 triad
n 3n 4n 5n sum of sides squared longest side squared
1 3 4 5 25 25
2 6 8 10 100 100
3 9 12 15 225 225
4 12 16 20 400 400
5 15 20 25 625 625
6 18 24 30 900 900
n 3n 4n 5n sum of sides squared longest side squared
1 = A3* 3 = A3* 4 = A3* 5 = B3* B3 + C3* C3 = D3* D3
= A3 + 1 = A4* 3 = A4* 4 = A4* 5 = B4* B4 + C4* C4 = D4* D4
= A4 + 1 = A5* 3 = A5* 4 = A5* 5 = B5* B5 + C5* C5 = D5* D5
1
33
C. USING PYTHAGORAS RULE TO CALCULATE
THE HYPOTENUSE
Pyt hagoras rul e i s used t o det ermi ne an unknown si de l engt h of a ri ght - angl ed t ri angl e when t wo ot her si de
l engt hs are known.
Bef ore doi ng t hi s we wi l l pract i se t he cal cul at or st eps requi red.
Exercise 2C
Use the key on your calculator to evaluate:
a 3
2
b 4
2
c 10
2
d 8
2
e 11
2
f 17
2
g 15
2
h 22
2
i 0.6
2
j 0.5
2
k 1.8
2
l 2.3
2
m 4.9
2
n 5.2
2
o 6.83
2
p 9.54
2
Use the key on your calculator to evaluate:
a b c d
e f g h
i j k l
m n o p
Use the key and FIX function on your calculator to round
the following as stated.
a Round correct to 1 decimal place.
i ii iii iv
b Round correct to 2 decimal places.
i ii iii iv
c Round correct to 3 decimal places.
i ii iii iv
d Round correct to 4 decimal places.
i ii iii iv
Use these formulas to create other tables of values.
a 2n + 1, 2n
2
+ 2n, 2n
2
+ 2n + 1 b n, , , n must be an odd number.
Investigate some Pythagorean triads of your own. Write a report about your ndings.
2
n
2
1 ( )
2
-------------------
n
2
1 + ( )
2
--------------------
3
1
2
25 49 36 144
169 400 625 1089
0.04 0.81 1.21 4.41
13.69 29.16 237.16 400.8004
3
The w ord surd is the nam e
for square root num bers that do not
w ork out exactly as a w hole num ber.
18 7 23 82
215 386 436 721
0.7 1.9 2.85 6.04
12.93 8.062 156.4 387.69
34
Use Pythagoras rule to calculate the length of the hypotenuse.
(All answers are integers.)
a b c
d e f
g h i
Example 1
C a lc u la te th e le n g th o f th e h yp o te n u se in e a c h rig h t-a n g le d tria n g le .
a b c
a a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
b a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
12
2
+ 9
2
= x
2
11
2
+ 5
2
= y
2
144 + 81 = x
2
121 + 25 = y
2
225 = x
2
146 = y
2
= x y =
x = 15 the hypotenuse is cm.
the hypotenuse is 15 cm. (surd form)
(whole number/integer)
c a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
4.2
2
+ 6.1
2
= w
2
17.64 + 37.21 = w
2
54.85 = w
2
= w
w = 7.4
the hypotenuse is 7.4 cm. (decimal, correct to 1 d.p.)
225 146
146
54.85
N otice that w hen calculating the
unknow nside the answ er m ay be a w hole
num ber, expressed as a surd or
a decim al correct to a certain num ber
of decim al places.
4
35
Calculate the length of the hypotenuse expressing your answer in surd form (i.e. form).
a b c
d e f
g h i
Find the length of the hypotenuse in each of these right-angled triangles. Write your answer
correct to one decimal place.
a b c
d e f
g h i
5
6
36
Find, correct to 3 decimal places, the length of the hypotenuse in each of these isosceles
triangles.
a b c
Calculate the value of the pronumeral in each of the following, correct to 1 decimal place.
a b c
d e f
7
Example 2
C a lc u la te th e va lu e o f x in th e d ia g ra m ,
c o rre c t to 1 d e c im a l p la c e .
Look at the shaded triangle.
Short side of triangle = 6.4 3.5
= 2.9 m
c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
x
2
= 2.9
2
+ 6.2
2
x
2
= 46.85
x = = 6.8447...
x = 6.8 to 1 decimal place
46.85
8
37
a The foot of a ladder is placed 1.2 m from
a vertical wall. If the ladder reaches 7 m
up the wall, what is the length of the
ladder to the nearest centimetre?
b A ship sails 18 km due south and then 36 km due west.
How far is the ship from its starting point?
(Answer correct to 1 decimal place.)
c A gate is 2.3 m wide with a height of
1.4 m. Calculate the length of the
diagonal of the gate correct to
1 decimal place.
d Two roads meet at right angles. From the intersection,
John walks 15.3 km along one road while Sharee walks
10.6 km along the other. How far are they apart?
(Answer correct to 1 decimal place.)
D. USING PYTHAGORAS RULE TO CALCULATE
ONE OF THE SHORT SIDES
Pyt hagoras rul e can al so be used t o cal cul at e t he l engt h of ei t her short si de as shown i n Exampl e 1.
Rearrange Pyt hagoras rul e c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
by subt ract i ng b
2
f rom bot h si des t o gi ve a
2
= c
2
b
2
. Use t hi s t o nd
t he l engt h of a short si de.
9
Example 1
C a lc u la te th e va lu e o f th e p ro n u m e ra l y wh ic h m a rk s o n e o f th e sh o rte r sid e s.
a b answer in surd form c answer to 1 decimal place
38
Exercise 2D
Find the value of the pronumeral in each of the following. All answers are integers.
a b c
d e f
g h i
Find the length of the unknown short side expressing your answer as a surd (i.e. ).
a b c
a a
2
= c
2
b
2
b a
2
= c
2
b
2
y
2
= 13
2
5
2
y
2
= 26
2
8
2
y
2
= 169 25 y
2
= 676 64
y
2
= 144 y
2
= 612
y

= y

=
y

= 12
c a
2
= c
2
b
2
y
2
= 9.6
2
4.7
2
y
2
= 92.16 22.09
y
2
= 70.07
y

=
y 8.4
144 612
70.07
D ont forget
to square root
at the
end.
1
2
39
d e f
g h i
Find the length of the unknown short side expressing your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
a b c
d e f
g h i
Find the value of the pronumeral in each correct to 2 decimal places.
a b c
d e f
3
4
40
g h i
a A ladder 18.2 m in length is placed 1.9 m
from the base of a vertical wall. How far
does the ladder reach up the wall (to the
nearest centimetre)?
b The diagram shows that a ship sails
34 nautical miles from its port. Then,
after sailing 19 nautical miles due east
it is directly north of the port. How far
is the ship from the port?
c A gate has a height of 1.7 m and a
diagonal of 3.2 m.
i How wide is the gate to the
nearest centimetre?
ii Calculate the area of the piece
of wood used to make the gate.
d For the triangle opposite, use the
dimensions given to nd the length
of the altitude of the triangle from
the apex to the base (correct to the
nearest millimetre).
e A kite is ying with 42 m of string
which is anchored to the ground.
If the horizontal distance from
where the string is anchored is
27 m, nd the height of the kite
above the ground correct to the
nearest centimetre.
5
41
E. PROBLEM SOLVING USING PYTHAGORAS
Remember:
Draw a neat , cl ear di agram of t he si t uat i on.
Mark on known l engt hs and ri ght angl es.
Use a symbol , such as x, t o represent t he unknown l engt h.
Deci de whet her you are ndi ng t he hypot enuse or one of t he short si des.
Wri t e down t he Pyt hagorean rul e f or t he gi ven si t uat i on.
Wri t e your answer i n sent ence f orm (where necessar y).
Exercise 2E
Give answers to 2 decimal places, if necessary.
Find the length of a diagonal of a 12 cm by 12 cm square.
Find the length of a diagonal of a 7 cm by 11 cm rectangle.
What is the longest length of iron rod which can be placed on the 4 m by 5 m oor of a garden
shed?
A gate has height 1.2 m and diagonal 2.3 m. How wide is the gate?
A rhombus has diagonals of length 4 cm
and 6 cm. Find the length of its sides.
A ship sails 5 km due west and then 4 km due south.
How far is the ship from its starting point?
A ladder is 4 m long and reaches 3 m
up the wall. How far is the foot of the
ladder from the base of the wall?
A cone has slant height of 7 cm and the diameter of
its base is 6 cm. Find the height of the cone given
that the cone is symmetrical.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
42
A kite is ying with 35 m of string.
The string is anchored to the ground.
If the horizontal distance from where
the string is anchored is 22 m, nd
the height of the kite above the ground.
A person is ying a kite. He is holding the
end of the string 1.2 m above the ground.
The string is 30 m long and the horizontal
distance to the kite is 18 m. Find the height
of the kite above the ground.
Two posts are 7.2 m tall and 9.6 m
tall and 11 m apart on level ground.
Calculate the length of string required
to stretch from the top of one post to
the top of the other, correct to the
nearest centimetre.
Extension
9
10
11
Example 1
F in d th e d ista n c e AB in th e fo llo win g g u re s, c o rre c t to 2 d e c im a l p la c e s.
a b
a b
a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
9
2
+ 8
2
= x
2
22.1
2
+ 27.6
2
= x
2
81 + 64 = x
2
488.41 + 761.76 = x
2
145 = x
2
1250.17 = x
2
x = = x
x = 12.04 x = 35.36
So, AB is 12.04 m (to 2 d.p.) AB is 35.36 m (to 2 d.p.)
145 1250.17

Join the points
AB and form a
right-angled
triangle.
11 m
7.2 m
9.6 m
43
Find the distance AB in the following gures, correct to 2 decimal places.
a b c
Use the diagram and Pythagoras rule to solve the following problems.
A cyclist rides 27 km north, then turns
directly west and cycles 54 km, and
nally turns south and rides a further
8 km. Calculate the cyclists distance
from his starting point correct to the
nearest metre.
A ship sails 67.4 nautical miles due south
then turns directly east and sails a further
50.9 nm. From this point it is decided that
the ship is to sail a further 38.2 nm due
south and then nally sail directly east
for a further 22.5 nm. Calculate the ships
distance from its original starting point
correct to 1 decimal place.
non-calculator
Find the value of:
a 3
2
b 6
2
c 11
2
d 15
2
e f g h
i 2
2
+ 4
2
j 8
2
3
2
k 1
2
5
2
l 6
2
3
2
m + n o + p
q 2.6
2
r 5.9
2
s 8.4
2
t 10.7
2
12
13
14
1
25 100 49 400
16 4 81 25 144 121 225 169
44
Calculate the value of the missing side length. Express your answer in surd form (i.e.
form). All dimensions are in centimetres.
a b c
d e f
g h i
Is a triangle with sides 12 cm, 7 cm and 24 cm right angled?
Explain your answer.
Find the height of the equilateral triangle opposite.
(Express your answer in surd form.)
Solve the following problems, giving your answers
in surd form.
a A metal post is 13 m in height. It is supported
by a metal cable 17 m in length, which extends
from the top of the post to the ground. What is
the distance between the base of the post and
the metal cable at ground level?
b An aeroplane ies 80 km east and then turns and
ies a further 60 km north. Calculate the distance
of the aeroplane from where it started.
c A square has side lengths of 8 m. Calculate the length of the diagonals of the square.
2
3
4
5
45
Language in Mathematics
Pythagoras
Pyt hagoras (approxi mat el y 580 BC t o 500 BC) was born i n Samos, Greece,
and became a f amous mat hemat i ci an and phi l osopher. He f ounded t he
Pyt hagorean brot herhood, a rel i gi ous order t hat i n uenced t he devel op-
ment of mat hemat i cs and phi l osophy. The mot t o of t hi s order was Al l i s
number . As none of hi s ori gi nal wri t i ngs have sur vi ved, i t i s di f cul t t o
det ermi ne whi ch work was done by Pyt hagoras and whi ch i s a resul t
of t he work of some of hi s f ol l owers.
The Pyt hagorean school of t hought was appl i ed not onl y t o areas of
mat hemat i cs but al so t o ast ronomy, musi c t heor y and acoust i cs
among ot her t opi cs. In f act , i t was recogni sed by Coperni cus t hat
some of Pyt hagoras i deas on ast ronomy hel ped hi m devel op hi s
t heori es on t he rot at i on of t he pl anet s around t he sun.
The st udy of square numbers (1, 4, 9, 16, ) and rect angul ar numbers
(2, 6, 12, 20, ) i s credi t ed t o t he Pyt hagorean school of st udy.
However, t he best known of Pyt hagoras mat hemat i cal i deas i s hi s t heor y rel at i ng t he
l engt hs of t he si des of a ri ght - angl ed t ri angl e. For a t ri angl e as shown i n t he di agram,
a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
.
Whet her or not Pyt hagoras was hi msel f di rect l y responsi bl e f or some of t he i deas
credi t ed t o hi m i s not part i cul arl y i mport ant . What i s evi dent i s t hat , as a resul t of
hi s t eachi ng and mot i vat i on, peopl e were i nspi red t o t hi nk creat i vel y about
mat hemat i cs, phi l osophy and associ at ed areas such as musi c and ast ronomy.
A proof of Pythagoras rule
In t he era of Pyt hagoras, al gebra was al most non- exi st ent and so i t i s l i kel y t hat he di scovered t he rel at i onshi p
bet ween t he si des of a ri ght - angl ed t ri angl e by geomet ri c means.
One geometric argument i s as f ol l ows. Consi der a square whi ch has been subdi vi ded i nt o f our i dent i cal
(congruent ) t ri angl es and a smal l er square, as shown i n Fi gure 1.
We real i gn t he f our t ri angl es as i n Fi gure 2.
c
b
a
46
Now compl et e a square as i n Fi gure 3.

The ori gi nal square and t he nal square are
equal i n si ze. (Bot h have si des of l engt h
a + b.)
Fi nal l y remove t he f our t ri angl es f rom bot h
Fi gure 1 and Fi gure 3. The remai ni ng areas
are equal .
Hence, a
2
+ b
2
= c
2
.
Answer the following questions after reading the information on Pythagoras.
Approximately how old was Pythagoras when he died?
Who was Pythagoras? What was his foundation?
Why is it difcult to determine the precise ndings
of Pythagoras?
Into what other areas did the Pythagorean school
of thought apply?
What benets were derived from Pythagoras
teachings?
In your own words, explain the proof of
Pythagoras rule.
Research a famous mathematician. Write a two-page report on the contributions and
discoveries of a mathematician of your choice.
Glossary
diagonal hypotenuse Pythagoras rule Pythagorean triad
right-angled triangle side square number square root
triangle
1
Even bef ore Pyt hagoras t he 345
t ri angl e was used t o const ruct ri ght -
angl ed corners f or bui l di ngs.
2
3
4
5
6
7
47
An expression for Pythagoras rule in this triangle is:

A PU
2
+ TU
2
= PT
2
B PT
2
+ TU
2
= PU
2
C PU
2
+ TP
2
= UT
2
D TU
2
+ PU
2
= PT
2
An expression for Pythagoras rule in this triangle is:
A d
2
+ e
2
= f
2
B e
2
+ f
2
= d
2
C f
2
+ e
2
= d
2
D d
2
+ f
2
= e
2
Which of the triangles with sides listed is not right angled?
A 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm B 10 cm, 24 cm, 26 cm
C 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm D 9 cm, 12 cm, 18 cm
The length of the hypotenuse of this triangle is:
A 11.5 cm B 16.1 cm
C 132 cm D 260 cm
The length of the side marked x is closest to:
A 99.53 cm B 9.98 cm
C 7.05 cm D 2.7 cm
A 132 cm B 260 cm
C 16.1 cm D 11.5 cm
A 193.44 cm B 13.9 cm
C 505.94 cm D 22.5 cm
CHECK YOUR SKILLS
CHECK YOUR SKILLS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
48
The value of y in the diagram is closest to:

A 40.2 B 26.6
C 28.66 D 14.5
This diagram refers to questions 9 and 10.
The value of x is closest to:
A 15 B 21 C 3.9 D 4.58
The value of y is closest to:
A 19.80 B 16.55 C 13.3 D 14
The side length of a square with diagonal 15 cm is closest to:
A 21.2 cm B 10.6 cm C 3.87 cm D 5.48 cm
If you have any difculty with these questions, refer to the examples and questions in the sections
listed in the table.
8
9
10
11
Question 1, 2 3 4, 5 68 911
Section A B C D E
49
In these triangles a b
i Which side is the hypotenuse?
ii Write an expression for Pythagoras rule for the triangle.
Show whether the following triangles are right angled.
a b
a Find the value of 7
2
.
b Calculate the value of correct to 1 decimal place.
Find the length of the hypotenuse correct to 1 decimal place.
a b
Find the length of the third side.
a b
Find the value of the pronumeral in each of the following, correct to 1 decimal place.
a b
Calculate the length of the diagonal of a square with side length 25 cm, correct to 2 decimal
places.
REVIEW SET 2A
REVIEW SET 2A
1
2
3
85
4
5
6
7
50
Write an expression for Pythagoras rule for this triangle.
Is the triangle with sides 7 cm, 24 cm and 25 cm right angled? Explain.
Calculate to 2 decimal places:
a 15.3
2
b c
a b
Find the length of the third side correct to 1 decimal place.
a b
Find the length of the unknown side correct
to 1 decimal place in the triangle opposite.
Find the height of the equilateral triangle shown, correct to
1 decimal place.
A man jogs 12.3 km south and then turns directly
west and jogs a further 4.6 km. Calculate the mans
distance from his original starting point, correct to
the nearest kilometre.
REVIEW SET 2B
REVIEW SET 2B
1
2
3
121 59.8
4
5
6
7
8
51
In this right-angled triangle:
a Write the hypotenuse.
b Write an expression for Pythagoras rule.
Show whether the following triangles are right angled.
a b
Find the value of each of the following.
a 5
2
b 18
2
c 11.6
2
a b
a b
Find the values of x and y in the diagram.
A pyramid has a square base ABCD. The apex of the
pyramid is vertically above the point M where the
diagonal AC and BD intersect. If all edges of the
pyramid have the same length of 10 cm, nd the
height of the pyramid to the nearest mm.
REVIEW SET 2C
REVIEW SET 2C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
52
Write an expression for Pythagoras rule for these triangles.
a b
Is the triangle with sides 5.6 cm, 8.3 cm and 12.9 cm right angled? Explain.
Find the value of each of the following.
a b c
a b
a b
Find the distance AB in the following gures. (Hint: It is necessary to draw an additional line.)
a b
A ship sails 72 nautical miles north, turns west and sails 48 nautical
miles and then turns due south and sails a further 15 nautical miles.
a Draw a diagram to depict the ships journey.
b Calculate the ships distance from its original starting point,
correct to 2 decimal places.
Find the length of a side of a square with a diagonal
length of 10 cm, correct to 1 decimal place.
REVIEW SET 2D
REVIEW SET 2D
1
2
3
49 144 225
4
5
6
7
8

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Chapter 2

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Pythagoras

Now compl et e a square as i n Fi gure 3.

An expression for Pythagoras rule in this triangle is:

The value of y in the diagram is closest to:

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