Exercise 1.

1
1. Copy & Complete
The relationship between people and theirworkenvironment is studied inergonomics. The
correct use of computers can help the user to behealthy&efcient. Incorrect use may cause
health problems such aseyestrain,headaches,fatigue,muscle painandrepetitive strain injury.
Elements of the work environment areworkload,placementof equipment, keyboardtype,
workload,touch-typingbeing used as thetypingroutine.
#
2. Job design#

Variety of tasks#

If the job is arduous, you will feel uncomfortable#

Social contacts#

If you are in a lonely corner typing, youre going to become depressed and lonely#

Satisfaction of the job#

If the job is fullling, such as design, you will feel accomplished at the end of the day,
whereas if its just data entry or telemarketing, youre going to feel that your life is going no-
where fast.#

Workload#

If you have a high, unrealistic workload, youre going to be stressed and overloaded.#

Touch-typing#

If you touch-type, youll be quick, efcient and cool.

#
3. Ergonomic Standards
http://webstore.ansi.org/ergonomics/ofce_ergonomics.aspx
#
4. Improving Ergonomic Standards in M8#

Higher desks#

Lower chairs#

Not as many chairs crowding the desks#

Non-sloping desks#

Desks that dont have broken height adjusters#

#
Exercise 1.2
1. Copy and Complete#

Furniture needs to be adjusted to suit each persons posture. Problems may develop in a
persons neck, back, shoulders, arms and legs if such furniture is not used. Furniture must be
positioned so that these body parts are used effectively without strain or fatigue.
#
2. Investigate ergonomic keyboards available#

An Ergonomic keyboard is a keyboard that is designed to provide the user with the least
amount of muscle strain. Types Include:

Fixed split keyboards, that is a single board with keys separated into two or three groups
allowing the user to type at a different angle.#

Contoured keyboards, which has two depressions set at shoulder width with special keys
set at the hand locations. Very little movement of arms and writs is required.#

Hand held- A variation of a game controller, they can be laid out at on a table.
#
3. Examine the good and bad ergonomics at M8#

Good#

Desks are adjustable#

Chairs have adjustable height#

Chairs have adjustable back rests#

Computers have adjustable viewing angles#

Large space for keyboard and mouse#

Good lighting#

Adjustable screen brightness#

Air conditioning is available #

Bad#

Desks are often uneven heights#

Desks and chairs are often adjusted by people everyday so chairs and desks are at varying
heights from each other#

Screens are often too bright#

Air conditioning is often too cold#

This room has fairly good ergonomics once the equipment is adjusted right to suit the user.
#
Exercise 1.3
1. Copy and complete#

Software should be ergonomically designed to make the operator feel relaxed and
comfortable. Software should be designed to minimise movement, improve speed and try to
be easy to use. Most people nd the GUI easier to use than trying to remember commands.
Instructions in a GUI are entered by using a mouse, and clicking on icons and menus.
#
2. Examine the features of the word processor that you use and list the uses that could help a
disabled person do their work.#

An on-screen narrator can dictate to dyslexic people that cannot read text#

Dictation software can be used for people that cannot type and/or spell#

Zooming software can optimise viewing for visually impaired people#

Visual alerts and subtitles can be used for people that are deaf or hard of hearing#

Handwriting on a graphic tablet is an alternative to dictation software

#
3. Describe the features of your word processor and list some improvements that you would
make.#

Google Docs

Zoom#

Font#

BIU, colour, align, lists, indent#

Spell check#

Publish#

Live collaboration#

Insert pictures & shapes#

Tables#

Horizontal line#

Print#

Page break
#
4. Explain why a program needs to act immediately to a users request, give two reasons why.#

If a program does not act immediately to a users request, the lag would result in typos. Which
is unproductive, wasting time and money. Another reason, the lag would result in misuse of
the program Eg an emailing program, if a user made a mistake, they could not rectify their
mistake and a fraudulent email may be sent. #
#
Exercise 1.4
1. Copy and complete#

Copyright protects the interests of the creator of a software title. Authors create an intellectual
property when they design software. Copyright also protects the money made by the software
company. When purchasing a software licence, the buyer is only buying a serial key to use
the software: the code still remains the property of the seller. The most common forms of
software licence are freeware user shareware user and commercial licences.
#
2. Explain, in your own words, the meanings of the terms that you have found in the software
licenses you have examined.#

Licence#

Legal statement that allows the buyer to use the product of the developer#

Use of the program#

Whether the program is stored or running from RAM#

Network#

Computers connected together#

Reverse engineering#

Converting coding into regular language#

Derivative works#

Designs that are the same as another persons but built from scratch.
#
3. Investigate some legal cases involving copyright. #

The recent game Flappy Bird contained unauthorised use of pipes from Nintendos game
Super Mario. The creator of Flappy Bird received a stop and desist notice from Nintendo
and have since removed the game from the Apple App Store. The creator was also receiving
death threats from people.#
#
Exercise 1.5
1. Copy and Complete#

Software was written for the early computers to solve scientic and military problems. As
computers became more diverse, business and commerce found uses for the computer. Now
computers are used for a wide variety of uses. Many of these are adaptations of non-
computer applications, for example bookkeeping and word processing. These computers
have now been released for the general public who often use them at home and at work.#
2. Investigate the evolution of an application#

$ #
3. Forecast the next ve years of your OS#

Siri#

New UI#

Wearables#
#
Exercise 1.6
1. Copy and Complete
Agreements to cover the use and distribution of software have become necessary because
software is now available to copy. Software developers employ large teams of people to
develop the software. This is an expensive process and the software developer must be
rewarded if more software is to be made. License agreements ensure that the developers
receives payment for the time and effort put into making the software.
#
2. What would happen if those agreements were not legally enforceable#

People would just pirate software and no software would be made anymore because the
developers make no money
#
3. What difculties do developers have enforcing licence agreements? What body in Australia
enforces them?#

People can publish and share the programs on the internet easily.#

Australian Digital Alliance#

#
Exercise 1.7
1. Copy and Complete#

Sources of computer code are books, magazines, freeware, and shareware. All of these
sources are subject to copyright. Sites and forums on the Internet that are used by coders
may provide code that is free of copyright. Freeware and shareware are generally unable to
be used as sources of code, as the software item is covered by a copyright agreement.#
#
Exercise 1.8
1. Copy and complete
The human __ that software developers need to allow for include cultural, economical, social,
gender and disability perspectives. This is done so that software is made usable to the widest
possible audience.
#
2. Examine ve 'perspectives' of an application#

Cultural#

Software should not assume any cultural heritage. The language of prompts and messages
needs to be written in plain and simple English, for example. Images should not reect any
bias towards one culture. #

Economic#

When writing software, a programmer should not assume that the user will come from a
particular type of economic background. #

Social#

Software should not emphasise any one particular social background. #

Gender#

A software title should not be written in such a way as to appeal to either males or females.
Software should also provide messages and prompts that are gender-independent. #

Disability#

People with disabilities should have access to the same technology that the able-bodied
have. Software should be structured in such a way as to encourage those with disabilities
to take advantage of the features. For example, the incorporation of a magnifying feature in
a word processor will assist the visually impaired in working with that program. #
#
Exercise 1.9
1. Copy and complete#

Computer programming can enhance the skills of the members of the team. The skills used in
program development are communication skills, creative skills, design skills, problem solving
ability and attention to detail. Working as a member of a team helps more people to work with
you as well as helping with coding skills. Development of the software involves a lot of
documentation, some for the manual. This means that a developer needs good organisational
skills.#
2. Do I have the necessary skills?#

Communication#

Yes#

I can talk to people normally#

Creative#

Yes#

I can design decent UIs#

Design#

Yes#

I can make descent codes#

Problem Solving#

Yes#

I can troubleshoot#

Attention to Detail#

Yes#

I can space and layout code nicely#

Organisation#

Yes#

Im really organised#
#
Chapter Review
1. Measure a chair. Why isnt is economically acceptable?#
1. It is.#
2. Make a database of mouses#
1. No#
3. Causes, symptoms and cures for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome#
1. Causes#
1. Repeating small movements many times#
2. Symptoms#
1. Numbness#
2. Burning in the ngers#
1. Or wrist#
3. Cures#
1. Address it early on#
4. How can the workplace environment affect the health of a user?#
1. #
5. Make a report on how easy to use a program is#
1. No#
6. Why is copyright necessary? What would happen if it wasnt there?#
1. So the creators of software get credit and money and keep making software#
2. They wouldnt get credit or money and no-one would make software#
7. Responsibilities when using out-sourced code#
1. Give the author responsibility and obey copyright laws#
8. Name steps that a company should take to protect from internal software theft.#
1. No#
9. List adaptations and applications that occurred due to voice recognition improvements#
1. Siri#
1. Dictation on Mac#
2. Dragon dictation#
3. Word processing#
4. Chat#
5. Programs for disabled people#
10. Develop an easy to use Oasis alternative#
1. No#
#
Notes
Ergonomics is the study of the relationship between people and their work
environment.
The work environment includes the operators furniture, equipment placement, work
techniques, software interface and general working surroundings.
Prolonged use of software may lead to RSI if the environment and work practices
are not right.
Furniture needs to be properly designed and placed for worker to avoid problems
cause by poor posture.
User-friendly software can assist in the prevention of work-related health problems.
Software that is user-friendly will have acceptable response times, be easy to use,
provide appropriate messages to the user and have a consistent
interface.
Objects such as books and computer programs which result from a creative
process are covered by the laws of copyright.
Software licence agreements spell out the conditions under which a software item
can be used.
Licences will specify how the software may be installed, the reproduction of the
software and the manner in which backup copies can be kept.
When installing a software title, the user automatically agrees to the terms of the
licence.
Software design ideas have come from a large number of different sources.
When using a section of code, a programmer needs to ensure that all the
laws of copyright are followed.
Software should be available to the whole population, taking into account various
perspectives.
Software design benefits both the user and the designer, as the designer acquires
or enhances skills in many areas