1.

INTRODUCTION
2. SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Applications of Solar PV
2.2 Overview of Ground Mounted PV Power
Plant
2.3 Solar PV Modules
2.4 Mounting and Tracking Systems
2.5 Inverters
2.6 Quantifying Plant Performance
2.7 Solar PV Technology Conclusions
3 THE SOLAR RESOURCE
3.1 Quantifying the Resource
3.2 Solar Resource Assessment
3.3 Variability in Solar Irradiation
4 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Overview of Project Phases
4.2 Concept
4.3 Pre-Feasibility Study
4.4 Feasibility Study
4.5 Development
4.6 Detailed Design
5 SITE SELECTION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Site Selection Constraints
6 ENERGY YIELD PREDICTION
6.1 Irradiation on Module Plane
6.2 Performance Modelling
6.3 Energy Yield Prediction Results
6.4 Uncertainty in the Energy Yield Prediction
7 PLANT DESIGN
7.1 Technology Selection
7.2 Layout and Shading
7.3 Electrical Design
7.4 Infrastructure
7.5 Site Security
7.6 Monitoring and Forecasting
7.7 Optimising System Design
7.8 Design Documentation Requirements
7.9 Plant Design Conclusions
8 PERMITS AND LICENSING
8.1 Permitting, Licensing and Regulatory
Requirements-General
8.2 IFC Performance Standards on Social and
Environmental Sustainability
8.3 Permitting, Licensing and Regulatory
Requirements-India
9 CONSTRUCTION
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Interface Management
9.3 Programme and Scheduling
9.4 Cost Management
9.5 Contractor Warranties
9.6 Quality Management
9.7 Environmental and Safety Management
9.8 Health and Safety Management
9.9 Specic Solar PV Construction Issues
9.10 Construction Supervision
10 COMMISSIONING
10.1 General Recommendations
10.2 Pre-Connection Acceptance Testing
10.3 Grid Connection
10.4 Post Connection Acceptance Testing
10.5 Provisional Acceptance
10.6 Handover Documentation
11 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
11.1Scheduled/Preventative Maintenance
11.2 Unscheduled Maintenance
11.3 Spares
11.4 Performance Monitoring, Evaluation and
Optimization
11.5 Contract
11.6 Operations and Maintenance Conclu-
sions
12 ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL MODEL
12.1 Economics Benets and Costs
12.2 Central Electricity Regulatory Commis-
sion (CERC) Cost Benchmarks
12.3 Financial Model
13 FINANCING PV PROJECTS
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Project Financing
13.3Risks
13.4 Insurance
14 CONCLUSION
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A Guide for Solar Development and Investors
Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plants 2014
Release Date: September, 2014 Price: INR 25,000 / 400 USD Print Price: INR 28,000 / 450 USD
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A Guide for Solar Development and Investors
Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plants 2014
For more details about products and services please call
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email: venkat@idatainsights.com
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Appendix A- Concentrated Solar Power
1 INSRODUCTION
2 Installed CSP Capacity
3 THE SOLAR RESOURCE
4 Review of CSP Technologies
4.1 Overview of Concentrating Solar Thermal
Technologies
4.1.1 Uptake and Track Record
4.1.2 CSP Cost Trends
4.1.3 Summary Comparison
4.2 Parabolic Trough Concentrators
4.2.1 Reector
4.2.2 Receiver Tube
4.2.3 Heat Transfer Fluid
4.2.4 Base Frame, Tracking Systems and
Connecting Elements
4.2.5 Examples from Industry
4.2.6 Losses
4.2.7 Costs
4.2.8 Conclusions
4.3 Power Tower
4.3.1 Helios tar and the Tracking and Control
Mechanisms
4.3.2 Receiver, Heat Transfer Medium and
Tower
4.3.3 Examples in Industry
4.3.4 Conclusions
4.4 Parabolic Dish
4.4.1 Sterling Engines
4.2.2 Conclusions
4.5 Power Block
4.6 Energy Storage and Supplementary
Heating
4.6.1 Overview
4.6.2 Storage Medium (Including Molten
Salts)
4.6.3 Supplementary Heating (Use of Natural
Gas or LPG)
4.6.4 Costs
4.6.5 Conclusions
4.7 Cooling and Water Consumption
4.7.1 Cooling Options
4.7.2 Water Consumption
4.8 Integrated Solar Combined Cycle
4.9 Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV)
4.9.1 Manufactures and Examples from
Industry
4.9.2 CPV Advantages and Disadvantages
4.10 Linear Fresnel Reector
4.10.1 Applications and Example
4.10.2 Reector and Heat Transfer
4.10.3 Receiver and Hear Transfer
4.10.4 Conclusions
5 Site Selection
6 Energy Yield Prediction
6.1 Site Conditions and Data Measurements
6.2 Technology Characteristics
6.3 Energy Yield Modelling
7 Project Implementation
7.1 Overview
7.2 Design
7.2.1 Project Size and Land Area
7.2.2 Load Matching Generation
7.2.3 Solar Multiple
7.2.4 Capacity Factor
7.2.5 Grade of Heat
7.3 Development
7.4 Engineering Procurement and Construc-
tion
7.5 Uncertainties and Risks
7.5.1 Achieving Performance Improvements
7.5.2 Realizing Learning Rate Effects
7.5.3 Supply Chain Competition
7.5.4 Short Term Cost Uncertainties
8 Conclusion
Appendix A-Concentrated Solar Power
Appendix B- AC Benchmarks
Appendix C- EPC Contract Model Heads
of Terms
Appendix D- O&M Contract Model Heads
of Terms
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
Figure 1 : Overview of Solar PV Power Plant
Figure 2 : (a) PV Technology Classes
Figure 2 : (b) Development of Research Cell
Efciencies
Figure 3 : (b) Figure 4 : Effect of Tilt on Solar
Energy Capture
Figure 5 : Benet of Dual Axis Tracking
System
Figure 6 : PV System Congurations
Figure 7 : Transformer and Transformer less
Inverter Schematic
Figure 8 : Efciency Curves of Low, Medium
and High Efciency Inverters as Functions of
the Input Power to Inverter Rated Capacity
Ratios
Figure 9 : Inverter Manufacture Market Share
2009
Figure 10 : Annual Average Global Horizontal
Irradiation
Figure 11 : Example Pyranometer Measuring
GHI (Image courtesy: Kipp & Zonen)
Figure 12 : Annual Average Daily Global
Horizontal Irradiation for India at 40-km
Resolution
Figure 13 : Annual Mean Horizontal Solar
Irradiation for Three Cities in India
Figure 14 : Monthly Diffuse and Direct Solar
Irradiation in Chennai, India
Figure 15 : Large Scale PV Plant
Figure 16 : Uncertainty in Energy Yield
Prediction
Figure 17 : Sun-path Diagram for Chennai,
India
Figure 18 : Shading Angle Diagram (Image
courtesy of Schletter Gmbh)
Figure 19 : Voltage and Power Dependency
Graphs of Inverter Efciency
Figure 20 : PV Array Showing String Cables
Figure 21 : Typical Transformer Locations and
Voltage Levels in a Solar Plant where Export
to Grid is at HV
Figure 22 : PV System Monitoring Schematic
Figure 23 : Components of a Forecasting
Systems
Figure 24 : Spacing Between Module Rows
Figure 25 : Solar Panel Covered with Dust
Figure 26 : Benchmark Solar PV Plant Cost
Breakdown according to CERC
FIGURES
Appendix A- Concentrated Solar Power
Figure 1: Average Daily Direct Normal Solar
Irradiation for Selected Asian Countries (kWh.
m2/day)
Figure 2: Ideal Representation of a Concen-
trating Solar Power System
Figure 3: Solar Thermal Concentrator Types
Figure 4: Typical CSP Power Plant Schematic
(Parabolic Trough with Storage)
Figure 5: Implementation of CSP Technolo-
gies
Figure 6: Generating Cost for Recently Com-
pleted and Under Construction CSP Projects
Figure 7: An Example of a Parabolic Trough
Concentrator
Figure 8: An Example of a Parabolic Concen-
trator Solar Plant
Figure 9: Component Cost as a Percentage of
Overall Plant Cost
Figure 10: Installed Cost as a Percentage of
Overall Plant Cost
Figure 11: Generating Cost of a Parabolic
Trough Plant
Figure 12: An Example of Solar Power Tower
Technology
Figure 13: An Example of a Parabolic Dish
System
Figure 14: Implementation of Energy Storage
in CSP Plants
Figure 15: ISCC Plant Schematic
Figure 16: IIIustration of Typical CPV Concen-
trating Mechanism
Figure 17: Example of Sol Focus CPV Instal-
lation
Figure 18: Kimber Lina solar thermal energy,
plant installed by AREVA Solar (USA)
TABLES
Tables 1: Characteristics of Various PV tech-
nology classes
Tables 2: PV Module Standards
Tables 3: Indicate List of Inverter-related
Standards
Tables 4: Inter-Annual Various in Solar Re-
source from Analysis of NASA SSE
Tables 5: Losses in a PV Power Plant
Tables 6: Comparison of Module Technical
Specications at STC
Tables 7: Inverter Selection Criteria
Tables 8: Inverter Specication
Tables 9: Denition of Ingress Protection (IP)
Ratings
Tables 10: Performance Optimization Strate-
gies
Tables 11: Annotated Wiring Diagram Re-
quirements
Tables 12: Solar PV Project Interfaces
Tables 13: Typical EPC Payment Schedule
Tables 14: Warranty Types and Requirements
Tables 15: Benchmark Costs
Appendix A -Concentrated Solar Power
Tables 1: CSP Installed Capacity (MW)
Tables 2: Comparison of solar Thermal Con-
centrating Technologies
Tables 3: Parabolic Trough Reference Plant
Characteristic
Tables 4: Condenser Cooling Options
Tables 5: Water Requirements for Different
CSP Plant Types
Tables 6: Examples of ISCC Plants
Tables 7: Load Matching Options
Appendix B-AC Specication
Tables 1: Cable Specication
Tables 2: Switchgear Specication
Tables 3: Transformer Specication
Appendix C-EPC Contract Model Heads of
Terms
Tables 1 - Milestone Payments and Transfer
of Title
A Guide for Solar Development and Investors
Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plants 2014
For more details about products and services please call
Tel.: +91-11-45544187, 41630406, Mob.: +91-8527803963
email: venkat@idatainsights.com
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www.idatainsights.com