Which would fall first?

A. Anchor or B. Ball
1
Before 1600s
2
Heavier objects
fall faster than the
lighter ones
Aristotle
3
LOOK OUT FOR FALLING OBJECTS!
In 1600s
Galileos inclined plane
all objects fall at
the same rate
August 2, 1971
4
David Scott, performed
the following experiment
in the vacuum of space;
using geologists hammer
and a falcons feather hit
Reminder: Play video
August 2, 1971
5
David Scott, performed
the following experiment
in the vacuum of space.
A geologists hammer
and a falcons feather hit
the lunar surface at the
same time.
I told you so
Objectives
6
Solve problems involving motion with
constant acceleration and free falling bodies
Lecture 5:
Motion with constant acceleration

Derivation of the kinematic equations
For constant acceleration,

=

2

1

2

1

Let
1
= 0 and
2
= .
Let
1
=
0
, initial velocity at time
1
= 0 and

2
=

, final velocity at time

2
= .

=

2

1

2

1
=

Rearranging,

8
The average velocity is given by

=

0

For a constant acceleration,

2

Using the above expressions, we have
=

9
Derivation of the kinematic equations
Isolating from

And using this expression in
=

We have

10
Derivation of the kinematic equations
Kinematic equations for constant
acceleration

11
Graphical representation of
constant acceleration

=

= constant






12

0
0
Guides in problem solving
Determine if problem assumes constant .

When

is not specified, it can well be taken as 0.

When stated that object is initially at rest,

= .

You need at least two values to solve any of the
four equations. Find which pair is given and use
appropriate form of equation.
13
Approach in problem solving
Write the given and draw the situation.

Determine what was asked.

Determine the right expression to solve the
problem.

To check if your answer is right or wrong:
See if the value you got makes sense.
Check the units.
14
Sample Problem:
A motorcyclist heading east accelerates after he passes
a signpost. His acceleration is constant at 4.0m/s
2
. At
time t = 0 he is 5.0m east of the signpost, moving east at
15m/s.
(a) Find his position and velocity at time t = 2.0s.
(b) Where is the motorcyclist when his velocity is 25m/s?
15
16
=
0
+
0
+
1
2

2

= 5.0 +(15/)(2.0) +
1
2
(4.0/
2
)(2.0)
2

=

=
0
+

= 15/ +(4.0/
2
)(2.0)

= /
To solve for the position x at time t = 2.0s;
Then, for velocity at time t = 2.0s:
(a) Find his position and velocity at time t = 2.0s.
Given: a
x
= 4.0m/s
2
v
0
= 15m/s
x
0
= 5.0m t = 2.0s
17

2
=
0
2
+2(
0
)
=
0
+

0
2
2

= 5.0 +
(25/)2 (15/)2
2(4.0/
2
)

=
(b) Where is the motorcyclist when his velocity is 25m/s?
Solving for x and substituting the known values:
Note that time is not given here but we know v
x
, v
0x,
a
x
and x
0
,
therefore we can use:
Evaluate: Do our results make sense?
Positive acceleration; velocity is increasing
Given: a
x
= 4.0m/s
2
v
0
= 15m/s
x
0
= 5.0m v
x
= 25m/s

Special case: free fall
All bodies at a particular
location fall with the same
downward acceleration
regardless of size and weight

Neglect air resistance
Distance of fall is smaller
compared to the radius of the
earth
Ignore effects due to the
earths rotation
18
Acceleration due to gravity,
Constant acceleration of a free-falling body

= 9.81 m/s
2
= 981 cm/s
2
= 32 ft/s
2

=
0
+

=
0
+
0
+
1
2

2
=
0
2
+2

0

=
0
+

0
+

19
20
Sample Problem:
You throw a ball vertically upward from the roof of a tall
building. The ball leaves your hand at a point even with the
roof railing with the speed of 15.0m/s; the ball is in free fall.
On its way back down, it just misses the railing. Find:
(a) the position and velocity of the ball 1.00s and 4.00s after
leaving your hand;
(b) the velocity when the ball is 5.00m above the railing;
(c) the maximum height reached and the time at which it is
reached; and
(d) the acceleration of the ball at its maximum height.
Given: v
0y
= 15.0m/s

21
22
(a) The position y and velocity v
y
a time t after the ball
leaves your hand are given by:
= +(. /)

(. /

= . / (. /

)
=

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
To get the position & velocity at time t = 1.0s, we substitute
it to eqs. 2 and 4:
We use the same equation to get position & velocity for t = 4.00s
( = . ) = +.
= . = .

( = . ) = +. /

= . = . /
23
(b) The y-velocity v
y
at any point y is given by:

When the ball is 5.00m above the origin, y = +5.00m,
substituting this to eq. 6:
(5)
(6)

= (. /)

. /

. =

We get two values of v
y
because the ball passes
through the point y = +5.00m twice!

= . /

= (. /)

(. /

)
(c) Just at the instant when the ball reaches the highest point;
it is momentarily at rest and v
y
=0. The maximum height y

can
then be solve using:
=

=
(. /)

(. /

)

(d) At highest point, the acceleration is
still a
y
= -g = -9.8m/s
2
=

= .
Seatwork
- solve problems in your
notebooks
- write the answers only in
your bluebook
- indicate the date

August 20, 2014
1. Blah?

2. Blah blah!

3. Blah blah blah!

4. Blah blah blah blah!
25
Seatwork: Young and Freedman, 2.21
An antelope moving with constant acceleration covers
the distance between two points 70.0 m apart in 7.00 s.
Its speed as it passes the second point is 15.0 m/s.

1) What is its speed at the first point?
2) What is its acceleration?
26
Hint: Given: x
0
x

= 70.0m (assign x
0
=0)
t = 7.0s v
x
= 15m/s

Equations for motion with constant acceleration:
Seatwork: Young and Freedman, Prob. 2.39
A flea can jump straight up to a height of 0.440 m,
3) what is the initial speed as it leaves the ground?
4) how long is it in the air?
27
Given: y = 0.440m y
0
= 0
g = 9.81m/s
2


for SW3: v
y
= 0

Equations for motion with constant acceleration: Equations for motion with constant acceleration:
multiply t*2
Seatwork
- seatwork will be checked at
the end of the class
- if wrong, write the correct
answer
- in checking: place the score
above the checkers name
- the checker must sign under
his/her name & student
number
August 20, 2014
1. Blah?

2. Blah blah!

3. Blah blah blah!

4. Blah blah blah blah!
Score: 3/4
Checked by:
(signed)
Albert Einstein Jr.
(2013-24601)

X Bleh!!!
28
Answers
August 14, 2014
29
Answers to Seat work
30
1-2) a = 0.2m/s
2
(increases)
3-4) a = -0.2m/s
2
(decreases)
5-6) a = -0.3m/s
2
(increases)
7-8) a = 0.4m/s
2
(decreases)
Negative slope
-negative acceleration
31
a
Parabolic, reverses
concavity in the
middle
v=0 in the middle
(slope of x-t),
+ and velocity on
other side
a<0 (slope of v-t),
(9)
(10)