Professional Report Writing

REFERENCES
Abraham Kurnia Hermawan
Bonika Rosanna
Faual Amri
!ia "ufari#ha
Paramita !isti$ani
Wen$ %wi Nur Ais$ah
&th C'NS(R)C(*'N "ANA+E"EN(
C*,*! EN+*NEER*N+
S(A(E P'!-(ECHN*C 'F .AKAR(A
REFERENCES
A/%efinition
A references is a list of the sources you used to get information for your
report. This list is found at the end of the work and allows the person reviewing the
data to verify the veracity of the statements and/or figures presented in the data itself.
It also allows a writer to give proper credit for quotes or key phrases that have been
written and presented in a source that they may have referenced in their paper so as to
avoid plagiarism.
The object of your writing is for you to say something for yourself using the
ideas of the subject, for you to present ideas you have learned in your own way. The
emphasis should be on working with other peoples ideas, rather than reproducing
their words. The ideas and people that you refer to need to be made e!plicit by a
system of referencing
"hen assembling a references, list your sources #te!ts, articles, interviews,
and so on$ in alphabetical order by authors% last names. &ources that don%t have
authors #encyclopedias, movies$ should be put into alphabetical order by title. There
are different formats for references, so be sure to use the one your teacher prefers.
The best approach to compiling a reference list is to write down the details of
each source you use as you are reading it. 'ou can then compile your reference list
quickly when you have finished your assignment. "hen editing your assignment,
remember to check that all the sources cited in your assignment are actually included
in the reference list.
Referen#es entries will in#lu0e1
Author
Title of your source
(ublication information
)ate
Wh$ %o We Ha2e to Write A Referen#es3
Ideas come from many sources
'ou must give credit to your sources for their ideas
'ou are guilty of plagerism if you claim someone elses ideas as your own
When %o We Ha2e to Write a Referen#es3
&cience *air (rojects
+esearch +eports
Anytime you use someone elses idea in a project
How to write a referen#es 3
The references should be at the end
The first page of the references must be titled, i.e. ,+eferences-,
,.ibliography- or ,"orks /ited-
The book or maga0ine title is always underlined in a references1
If a citation is more than one line long, indent the second line five spaces.
(ut the references in alphabetical order, by the authors last name. If there is
no author listed, use the first word of the title #not ,a,- ,an,- or ,the-$.
"hen there is more than one author, list the authors in the order they are listed
on the title page.
If you use information from an article in a book or maga0ine, the article is
listed before the title.
B/ Referen#es St$le
4/ APA Formatting
A(A stands for 2American (sychological Association2 and comes from the
association of the same name. Although originally drawn up for use in
psychological journals, the A(A style is now widely used in the social sciences, in
education, in business, and numerous other disciplines.
There are specific rules for how different types of sources 3 books, journal
articles, websites 3 must be cited. In all cases the objective is to ensure the reader
of your work can locate the sources you have used.
Arrange the reference list alphabeti#all$ by author name
"here there is no author arrange by the title. In titles ignore the initial
article ie. The or A, when adding to the list. In the e!ample below the
full title for the first entry is (he best places to work in 4ew 5ealand,
however it is added under Best Se#on0 and subsequent lines of the
reference are in0ente0 by three spaces.
"ultiple #itations from the one author from the same year are
distinguished by assigning a, b, c, to the citations. This is entered after
the date.
Format 1
Book
Author%s last name, first initial. #(ublication date$. Book title. Additional
information. /ity of publication6 (ublishing company.
En#$#lope0ia 5 %i#tionar$
Author%s last name, first initial. #)ate$. Title of Article. Title of
Encyclopedia #7olume, pages$. /ity of publication6 (ublishing company.
"againe 5 Newspaper Arti#les
Author%s last name, first initial. #(ublication date$. Article title. Periodical
title, volume number(issue number if available), inclusive pages
Website or Webpage
Author%s name. #)ate of publication$. Title of work. +etrieved month day,
year, from full 8+9
*n a referen#e list
4/ Book with one author
:ale, (. #;<<=$. Teamwork that works. Auckland6 *reewheel (ress.
4ote6 The first letter of the first word of the main title, subtitle and all proper nouns
have capital letters.
6/ Book with two to fi2e authors
>ill, :., /han, 9., ? Tamahere, >. #;<<@$. Skills for success. 9ondon6 (earson
Aducation.
4ote6 If there are si! or seven authors, cite only the first author followed by et al. If
there are eight or more authors, list the first si!, then three elipses #B$ and finish
with the last author.
7/ Print book or report b$ a #orporate author
>inistry of *oreign Affairs and Trade. #;<CC$. /onverting potential into prosperity6
4ew 5ealand%s commitment to the (acific. "ellington, 4.5.6 Author.
4ote6 "hen the author and the publisher are the same, use Author in the publisher
field.
8/ Chapter in e0ite0 book
.rookes, ". #;<<D$. 4ew 5ealand leaders. In E. "ilson #Ad.$, akin! a difference to
"ew #ealand #pp. ;FG3;HF$. Auckland6 (edal (ress.
&/ Ele#troni# book 9 from librar$ 0atabase. *or more on ebooks see F
Parker, G. M. (2008). Team players and team work: New strategies for
developing successful collaboration (2nd ed.). Retrieved from Ebsco
eBook collection database.
4ote6 +ather than entering the 9ocation6 (ublisher details a statement is added to
indicate the database you accessed the ebook from.
:/ Webpage
&tatistics 4ew 5ealand. #;<<=$. "ew #ealand in profile $%%&. +etrieved from
http6//stats.govt.n0
4ote6 Iey fields to include with a webpage are author #often an organisation$, date
#where available 3 otherwise put n.d.$, title and url.
;/ .ournal arti#le 9 a#a0emi# s#holarl$ <retrie2e0 from a 0atabase= with a %'*
#for more on )JIs see C.H$
+uth, ). #;<<@$. >anagement development in 4ew 5ealand. 'ournal of European
(ndustrial Trainin!, )*#C$, K;3G@. doi6C<.CC<D/<F<=<K=<@C<@;C@FG
>/ .ournal arti#le 9 a#a0emi# s#holarl$ <retrie2e0 from a 0atabase= with no %'*
.irkinshaw, E., ? Loddard, E. #;<<=$. "hat is your management modelM (T Sloan
ana!ement +eview, ,%#;$, DC3=<. +etrieved from A.I/I4*J+> Llobal.
?/ .ournal arti#le 9 a#a0emi# s#holarl$ <print 2ersion=
Iing, E. #;<<K$. /onflict in teams. 'ournal of ana!ement Studies, -%#F$, ;G3;D.
4@/ .ournal arti#le 9 a#a0emi# s#holarl$ <internet onl$ 9 no print 2ersion=
:sing, '., .araya, A., ? .udden, >. #;<<K$. >acroeconomic policies and economic
growth6 The case of /osta +ica. 'ournal of .pplied Business +esearch, $*#;$, C<KN
CC;. +etrieved from http6//www.cluteinstitute.com/journals/EA.+.html
44/ "againe arti#le 9 popularAgeneral interest < in print=
"ane, E. #;<C;, *ebruary$. .and of brothers. "orth / South, FCC, KG3GH
46/ "againe arti#le 9 popularAgeneral interest <from 0atabase=
"ane, E. #;<C;, *ebruary$. .and of brothers. "orth / South, FCC, KG3GH. +etrieved
from Australia/4ew 5ealand +eference /entre database.
13/ Newspaper arti#le <from website=
:embry, J. #;<<D, Eune ;K$. *onterra boosts Aussie presence. The "ew #ealand
0erald. +etrieved from www.n0herald.co.n0
48/ Newspaper arti#le <from 0atabase=
)onovan, .. #;<<D, August @$. 4ew childcare laws threaten gym creches. "ew
#ealand 0erald, p. A<F. +etrieved from 4ew0te!t (lus database.
4&/ Newspaper arti#le <print 2ersion=
Cmmin!, G. (200", #$ril %). &nvestment and risk. The New Zealand
Herald, $. B%.
4ote6 Include p. or pp. before the page number. This is used for newspapers only, not
maga0ines or journals. p. O one page, pp. more than one page.
If page numbers are discontinous, separate page numbers with a comma. e.g. pp. AC,
AH3K.
4:/ Press release from news aggregator site su#h as stuff/#o/n
8niversity of Auckland. #;<<=, Jctober D$. Auckland still in topC<< Ppress releaseQ.
+etrieved from http6//www.scoop.co.n0
4;/ Personal #ommuni#ation <emailsB #on2ersationsB inter2iews=
4ote6 These are not included in the reference list, although you can include them in
your te!t as a personal #ommuni#ation
4>/ Course han0outs or le#ture sli0es
(lester, .. #;<CC$. 9ecture F6 >gmt ;CC, &emester ; P(owerpoint slidesQ. Auckland,
4ew 5ealand6 8niversity of Auckland
4?/ Conferen#e paper
&mithson, ). #;<CC, 4ovember$. (nvisibility in or!anisations1 The role of
e2traversion and introversion. (aper presented at the Australian /onference for
+esearch in Jrganisations, &ydney. +etrieved from
http6//www.rmit.edu.au/;<CC/conf/smithson.t!t
4ote6 A capital letter is used for all key words in the conference name. Live the
month of the conference if the paper has not been formally published
Conferen#e paper 3 in publishe0 pro#ee0ings
To cite published proceedings from a book, use the same format as for a book or
book chapter.
6/ "!A Formatting
>9A style is typically used in humanities research papers, such as
linguistics and music. A major difference in >9A format from the other styles is
that you indicate your medium of publication, such as print, "eb or interview. To
list a book, write the authors last name, a comma, first name and a period. Type
the title of the book in italics and title case, followed by a period. "rite the place
of publication, a colon, the publishers name, a comma, the year of publication and
a period. At the end, list the medium and finish with a period.
Format 1
Book
Author%s last name, first name. Book title. Additional information. /ity of
publication6 (ublishing company, publication date
En#$#lope0ia 5 %i#tionar$
Author%s last name, first name. 2Title of Article.2 Title of Encyclopedia.
)ate.
"againe 5 Newspaper Arti#les
Author%s last name, first name. 2Article title.2 Periodical title 7olume R
)ate6 inclusive pages
Website or Webpage
Author%s last name, first name #if available$. 2Title of work within a project
or database.2 Title of site, pro3ect, or database. Aditor #if available$.
Alectronic publication information #)ate of publication or of the latest
update, and name of any sponsoring institution or organi0ation$. )ate of
access and Sfull 8+9T.
*n a referen#e list
4/Book with one author
.eeler, Eohn. "arfare in *eudal Aurope6 @F<3C;<<. Ithaca, 4ew 'ork6 /ornell
8niversity (ress, C=@C.
6/Book with two to fi2e authors
.ain, Eoe &., +ichard A. /aves and Eulius >argolis. 4orthern /alifornia%s "ater
Industry6 The /omparative Afficiency of (ublic Anterprise in )eveloping a
&carce 4atural +esource. .altimore, >aryland6 Eohns :opkins (ress, C=GG.
7/E0itor<s=
>ar!, Iarl. &elected "ritings. Ad. )avid >c9ellan. J!ford6 J!ford 8niversity
(ress, C=@@.
8/An E0ition
&till, Eudith Anne. "illiam Lrant &till and the *usion of /ultures in American
>usic. ;nd ed. *lagstaff, Ari0ona6 >aster3(layer 9ibrary, C==K.
&/Arti#les with single authors
+atnesar, +omesh. 24ot Lone, but *orgottonM6 "hy Americans have stopped
talking about homelessness2. Time D *eb. C===6 F<3FC.
:/Arti#les with (wo or "ore Authors
Iulcinski, L.9. and E.*. &antarius. 24uclear fusion6 Advanced fuels under debate2.
4ature ;H )ec. C==D6 @;H3@;K.
;/%i#tionar$ of !iterar$ Biograph$
(ettis, Eoyce. >argaret "alker. Ad. Trudier :arris. )ictionary of 9iterary .iography
@G. #)etroit,>ichigan6 Lale +esearch Inc., C=DD$ C@F3CDC.
>/Web Page
&chafer, 4ancy Imelda. 2>aya Angelou.2 April C==D.
http6//www.spydersempire.com/empire0ine/spotlight/published/april/mayaC.htm
#D *eb. C===$.
7/ Chi#ago Formatting
The /hicago style guidelines presented here have been adapted from the
/hicago >anual of &tyle,CGth edition, ;<C<. The /hicago style is used in some of
the humanities and social sciences and is often used outside the university. In it,
the writer directs the reader to entries in a bibliography or reference list by using
one of two basic forms of documentation6 notes and author/date. This handout
describes the note system, which has been widely used for many decades.
The authors% names are given as they appear on the publication you have used
/apitalisation practice should be consistent
Titles and subtitles of books are given ma!imal capitali0ation
All words other than prepositions, conjunctions, and definite and indefinite
articles #a, an, the$ are capitali0ed
.ook titles are italicised when typed or underlined when handwritten
Information about places of publication should folllow the guidelines for
place names.
Format 1
Book
Author%s name, the title of the book, publisher city, publisher name, and the
year of publication
En#$#lope0ia 5 %i#tionar$
Author name#s$, encyclopedia/dictionary name, edition, article title,
publication city, publisher, and year published.
"againe 5 Newspaper Arti#les
Author name#s$, article title, maga0ine / newspaper name, and publication
date.
Website or Webpage
Author name#s$, page title, website title, web address, and date accessed.
*n a referen#e list
4/Book with one author
)elafield, /atherine. "omens )iaries as 4arrative in the 4ineteenth3/entury
4ovel. .urlington, 7T6 Ashgate, ;<<=.
6/Book with two to three authors
9evitt, &teven )., and &tephen E. )ubner. &uperfreakonomics6 Llobal /ooling,
(atriotic (rostitutes, and "hy &uicide .ombers &hould .uy 9ife Insurance.
4ew 'ork6 "illiam >orrow, ;<<=.
7/Book with more than three authors
Lelman, Andrew and others.+ed &tate, .lue &tate, +ich &tate, (oor &tate6 "hy
Americans 7ote the "ay They )o.(rinceton6 (rinceton 8niversity
(ress, ;<<D.
8/E0ite0 book
.utler, E. )ouglas, and )avid *. "albert, eds. C=DG. .bortion, edicine and the
4aw. 4ew 'ork6 *acts on *ile (ublications.
&/Arti#les from a Cournal
.uchanan, Tom. ,.etween >ar! and /oca3/ola6 'outh /ultures in /hanging
Auropean &ocieties, C=G<3C=D<.- Eournal of /ontemporary :istory HH, no. ;
#;<<=$6 F@C3F@F.
:/Arti#les from a magaine
>eacham, Eon. ,The &takesM "ell, Armageddon, *or Jne.- 4ewsweek, Jctober C;,
;<<=.
;/Arti#les from a newspaper
Iepner, Tyler. ,A .attering of &antana &aves the 'ankees "eekend.- 4ew 'ork
Times, Eune CK, ;<<=, &ection ), *inal edition.
>/Arti#les from an en#$#lope0ia
>artin, +ichard /., ed. Ancyclopedia of Islam and the >uslim "orld. 4ew 'ork6
>acmillan +eference 8&A. ;<<H.
?/Website
&mith, Eohn. ,Jbama inaugurated as (resident.- /44.com.
http6//www.cnn.com/(J9ITI/&/<C/;C/obamaUinaugurated/inde!.html
#accessed *ebruary C, ;<<=$.
*NN'(E
A/ %efinition
Innote #bodynote$ is a note of te!t placed within the body, at the beginning or
end of the citation.Types of Innote6
a$ At the beginning of citation
b$ At the end of citation
c$ At least one writer
d$ Two references with similar name and year
The things that need to be considered for writing a direct quote6
Vuotations of less than four lines,
"hat is said by the speaker and spelling errors too written. :owever, if
incorporated into the monograph needs to be rectified. A!amples6 refernces 3T
refer PeQnces ,
Incorporated into the te!t and enclosed in quotation marks #22$,
+eference source written in parentheses before or after the quoted te!t in the
order #last name, year of publication6 page$,
If the author omits the phrase, it should be included on the sign ellipsis #...$.
:owever, if one sentence or more, replaced with dots along the line, and
&pacing between rows is made tenuous #C.K$.
The things that need to be considered for writing an indirect quotation 6
Vuotations of more than three lines,
Eust take the essence and the author of the quote must cultivate their own
language,
"ritten in a new paragraph indented, and
EDample 1
At the beginning of citation
A.5ainal Arifin#;<<D6C;$ mengatakan , -.ahasa Indonesia mempunyai
keduduk3an B-
At the end of citation
,.ahasa Indonesia mempunyai keduduk3 an B-,#A.5ainal Arifin, ;<<D6C;$
At least one writer
,.ahasa Indonesia mempunyai keduduk3an B-,#A.5aenal Arifin et
al.,;<<D6C;$
Two references with similar name and year
,.ahasa merupakan alat komunikasi B-, #Lorys Ieraf,;<<<a6;K$. )alam
sumber lain Lorys Ieraf #;<<<b6CD$ menyatakan bahwa ,.ahasa adalahB-.
REFERENCES
http1AAwww/bibme/orgA#itation9gui0eAChi#agoAbook E
http1AA libgui0es/mur0o#h/e0u/auA#ontent/php3pi0F4&:?785si0F476?@44
http1AAhelp/librar$/ub#/#aAe2aluating9an09#iting9sour#esAhow9to9#ite A
http1AA0ewilestaribhsin0umn6@47/wor0press/#omA6@47A44A4;Afootnote9
innote90an9bibliograph$ A
http1AA www/#itationma#hine/netA#hi#agoA#ite9a9book
http1AA www/wsulibs/wsu/e0uAGui#kgui0esA#hi#ago
https1AAowl/english/pur0ue/e0uAowlAresour#eA;4;A@4 A
http1AA librar$/uws/e0u/auAuwsHlibrar$AsitesA0efaultAfilesA#iteHChi#ago/p0f
http1AA www/$ork/a#/ukAintegrit$/html
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